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Recent USAF Total In-Flight Simulator (TIFS) Projects
SAE Guidance & Control Committee
March 2005
Eric Ohmit
Flight Research Group
Background
• The USAF NC-141H TIFS and its twin (CTIFS) were developed during the 70’s to provide an in-flight simulator test beds for civil and military applications
• The TIFS has been in operation for over 30 years
• The TIFS is operated under a CRADA with the USAF by Calspan in Buffalo NY.
Background
• New nose was developed to support NASA HSCT XVS and SVS evaluations during 1998 - 1999– Develop & demonstrate a Synthetic External
Visibility System to allow pilots to navigate & make precision approaches & landings without reference to real-world external windows
– Significant reduction in nose weight allowing for additional equipment installation
• HDTV, displays, radar, etc
Background
• CRADA with USAF– USAF AFRL/VA discontinued operation of TIFS &
VISTA Aircraft 1998– CRADA signed by all parties 11/99– N793VS assigned to aircraft on 1/01 by FAA
Recent programs
• X-40A IAG&C In-Flight Evaluations (Sep-Dec 2003)– USAF AFRL Sponsored– Participants AFRL, Calspan (nee Veridian), Barron
Associates, Boeing– IAG&C – Integrated Adaptive Guidance & Control
Program Objectives
• Risk Reduction Flight Testing of an autoland control system with algorithms which
– Accommodate Single and Multiple Control surface failures (locked surface)
– Reconfigure the trajectory as necessary to provide acceptable touchdown locations and sink rates
– Reference: “An Approach to Integrated Adaptive Guidance and Control with Flight Test Results” Schierman, Ward, Hull, Gandhi, Oppenheimer & Doman, AIAA JGC&D
Approach profile
Results
• Successful demonstration of
– Single control surface failures
– Multiple control surface failures
– Trajectory reconfiguration
– Autonomous steep approaches to touchdown under the control of the IAG&C Autoland controller (no pilot or safety pilot interaction after engagement)
– Expansion of the TIFS flight path and Side force surface envelopes• Utilized SFS in toed out configuration to produce drag
• Original goal had been to evaluate ~ -27 deg, nominal attained was -8 to -12 deg
• Airframe buffet at full SFS deflection prevented higher descent rates
– Modified TIFS Model Following algorithm for scaled vertical axis MF
Movie
ITT Viking Program
• ITT (nee Kodak) Viking Sensor program– Sponsor ITT– Department of Energy (partial funding for flight
testing)
Objectives
• Quick-turn Demonstration of Airborne Natural Gas Leak Detection System.
• Commercial development, but flight test partially funded by the Department of Energy.
• DOE schedule required fast response workaround from original plan – TIFS selected due to ease of installation and available flight
status
– Used avionics nose configuration of TIFS
– Side-force-surfaces removed
Installation
Results
• Installed over 1200# of equipment in nose and 1000# in cabin.
• Based on a laser system.
• Checkout in Buffalo, NY – Aug 2004
• Flight evaluations in Casper, WY – Sep 2004– Rocky Mountain Oilfield Testing Center, Cheyenne WY
• Very successful results
• System presently being installed in a Cessna Caravan
Movie
Future Programs & Other Potential uses of TIFS
• Scheduled use– Handling Qualities Program (Summer ’05)
• Potential uses– Airborne sensor test-bed– UAV Control law or multi-UAV test risk
reduction/demonstration– UAV sensor/payload flight testing
TIFS Typical Systems Equipment (Backup chart)
Avionics Nose with APG-66 Radar
Aft Crew Station
TIFS Display & Systems Programs (Backup chart)
PREVIOUS PROGRAMS:
• REMOTELY PILOTED VEHICLE
COMPASS COPE - Autoland & Remote Operator
• EXTERNAL VISIBILITY & SYNTHETIC VISION SYSTEMS
NASA HSCT & Aviation Safety Programs
• MARTIN MARIETTA SMART WEAPONS SUITE
• AFTPS ASTTA
Avionics Systems Test & Training Aircraft
• C-141 DISPLAY UPGRADE
• WINDSHIELD DISTORTION
B-1
• COMMAND FLIGHT PATH DISPLAY
• CONTROL SYSTEM RECONFIGURATION
TIFS Sensors (Backup chart)
• AIR DATA: , , V, Turbulence, h, h-dot, (Raw data & Complementary filtered)
• ANGULAR MOTION: ,,, p, q, r
• LINEAR MOTION: Airspeed, Rate of Climb
Nx, Ny, Nz (cg & Pilot)
• ALTITUDE: Pressure, Radar
• NAVIGATION: LTN-72R(INS), D-GPS, LORAN, TACAN, VOR
• DIGITAL DATA BUSES: MIL 1553B and ARINC 429 & 561
• IRIG TIME CODE: Available in computer, data recording and video recording
TIFS Power, Weight, Cooling (Backup chart)
• Power available:
28V DC: 115 Amps
400 Hz AC, 3 Phase: 40 KVA
60 Hz AC: 7 KVA
• Weight available for customer equipment:~ 1,000 pounds in aft cabin~ 1,500 pounds in avionics nose
6’ deep with two Radomes (12 gHz & 36 gHz)~ 500 pounds in simulation cockpit
• Rugidization: Accommodate “office” environment & prototype equipment: sensors, computers, displays
• Cooling:
Auxiliary air conditioner ~ 36,000 BTUs.
Exhaust fans: 270 cfm in simulation cockpit
800 cfm in aft cabin
Cooling air & exhaust can be directly plumbed to/from equipment for positive cooling
TIFS Performance Capabilities (Backup chart)
• V-max: 270 Kt
• V-touchdown: 115 Kt - 150 Kt
• V-stall (@15 deg Faps): 95 Kt
• Max Sink Rate @ Touchdown: 10 Ft/Sec
• Steep Approach: -15 deg Flight Path(), 270 Kt
• Max Rate of Climb: 2000 Ft/Min
• Nz range: 0 to 2.0 g
• Ny range: +/- 0.25 g
• h-max for simulation: 10,000 Ft
• h-min: 0 Ft (for runway touchdown)
• h-min: 500 Ft (over terrain)
• Max Flight Duration: 2.0 Hr
• Crew Size:2 Safety Pilots
2 Test Engineers
4 Customer Engineers/Pilots/Observers
TIFS Piloted Simulation Nose (Backup chart)
TIFS Avionics Nose (Backup chart)
TIFS Piloted Simulation Nose Configuration (Backup chart)
COMPUTERS:• SILICON GRAPHICS ONYX• RAPID SYSTEMS (5 DSPs)
RECORDERS: • 260 CHANNELS
• VIDEO & VOICE
• FULL SENSOR SUITE• GPS SYSTEM• LITTON 72R INS
VARIABLE FEELCONTROLLERS • WHEEL • CENTERSTICK • SIDESTICK • RUDDER PEDALSSERVO THROTTLE
• SEPARATE RECONFIGURABLE SIMULATION COCKPIT INSTRUMENT PANEL & FLOOR
• PROGRAMMABLE 19" CRT & F-18 TYPE HEAD-UP AND HEAD-DOWN DISPLAYS
• ELEVATOR• AILERON• RUDDER• DIRECT LIFT FLAPS• SIDE FORCE SURFACES• DIRECT THRUST CONTROL
6 DOF MODELFOLLOWING SIMULATION
• BERNOULLI DRIVE • ZIP DISK
TIFS Avionics Nose Configuration (Backup chart)
• F-16 APG-66RADAR
• FULL SENSOR SUITE• LTN-72R INS• GPS SYSTEM • AN/AAS-36 IRDS
• E/O TV CAMERA• MAVERICK SEEKER HEAD
AVIONICS AFT CREW STATION • STANDARD INSTRUMENTS • PROGRAMMABLE DISPLAYs • FBW CONTROL OF AIRCRAFT • CONTROL OF ALL EQUIPMENT
• RADAR DIGIBUS INTERFACE• SILICON GRAPHICS ONYX• RAPID SYSTEM DSP COMPUTER
• DIGITAL DATA & VIDEO RECORDERS
SIDEFORCESURFACES
CAN BE REMOVED
• ACCOMODATE CUSTOMER EQUIP.
• ACCOMODATE CUSTOMER EQUIP.
TIFS Typical Simulation Cockpit Configurations (Backup chart)
• Room for Large Displays & Radar• Wide Unobstructed Field-of-View• Large Center Console
with Throttle Feel System• Side Consoles
for Controllers & Instruments• Two Floor Configurations:
Level & Sloped 7 Deg Nose-up
