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Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Overview of SystemsOverview of Systems Engineering Engineering
James M. Ebeling, Ph.D.James M. Ebeling, Ph.D.
Research EngineerResearch EngineerAquaculture Systems Technologies, LLCAquaculture Systems Technologies, LLC
New Orleans, LANew Orleans, LA
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Fish Culture TankFish Culture Tank
AerationAerationAir/OxygenAir/Oxygen
DisinfectionDisinfection
BiofiltrationBiofiltrationNitrificationNitrification
Waste SolidsWaste SolidsRemovalRemoval
SludgeSludge
Fine & DissolvedFine & DissolvedSolids RemovalSolids Removal
Carbon DioxideCarbon DioxideRemovalRemoval
SludgeSludge
Overview of Unit OperationsOverview of Unit Operations
Monitoring &Monitoring &System ControlSystem Control
BIOSECURITYBIOSECURITY
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Fish Culture TankFish Culture Tank
AerationAerationAir/OxygenAir/Oxygen
DisinfectionDisinfection
BiofiltrationBiofiltrationNitrificationNitrification
SuspendedSuspendedSolidsSolids
SludgeSludge
SettableSettableSolidsSolids
SludgeSludge
Fine & DissolvedFine & DissolvedSolids RemovalSolids Removal
Carbon DioxideCarbon DioxideRemovalRemoval
SludgeSludge
95%5%
Monitoring &Monitoring &System ControlSystem Control
Overview of System DesignOverview of System Design
BiosecurityBiosecurityProgramProgram
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Why Reuse Water?
Minimize water useconserve heat
Note, heat gain can be problem in some coldwater systems.
decrease water demanddecrease wastewater discharge volumereduce TMDL discharged
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Why Reuse Water?
Increase biosecuritylocate on smaller “pathogen-free” ground water resourcessmaller inlet flows are cheaper to disinfectsmaller discharge flows are easier to screen and prevent
escapementlocate farm away from regions with known pathogen
problems
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Why Reuse Water?
Cold-water reuse systems:in Canada
reuse water to increase 4-8ºC ground water to 10 to 15ºC increased growth rates off-sets higher capital cost
in northern USA ground water already 11 to 13ºC (near ideal temperature) reuse water to increase production on a given water resource
increased production must offset higher capital costs reuse water to decrease waste discharge
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Culture Culture TankTank
Fish Culture TankFish Culture Tank
“Anything that holds waterAnything that holds water”
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Polyethylene Tanks
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Fiberglass Tanks
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Fiberglass Tanks
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Fiberglass Tanks
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Plywood/Wood Tanks
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Steel Tanks
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Corrugated Panels with Liner
Steel
Aluminum
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Plywood/Wood Raceways
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Concrete Tanks/ Raceways
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Aquarium Systems
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Settable Solids Settable Solids
RemovalRemoval SettableSolids
Sludge
5%
• Settling basins
• Swirl separators/ Hydrocyclones
Rule of Thumb:1 lb of feed 0.30 lbs of solids
• Bottom-drawing center drain
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Center Dual-Drain System
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Settling Basin
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Swirl Separator
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Suspended Solids Removal Suspended
Solids
Sludge
95%
• Screen filtration
• rotating microscreens• horizontal screen• vertical screen
• Pressurized bead filters
• Pressurized sand filters
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Rotating Microscreen Filter
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Horizontal Screen Filter
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Inclined Screen Filter
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Pressurized Bead Filters
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Pressurized Sand Filters
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Fine & Dissolved Fine & Dissolved SolidsSolidsFine & DissolvedSolids Removal
Sludge
• Foam FractionationFoam Fractionation
• Protein SkimmersProtein Skimmers
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Solids DisposalSludge
• land application
• composting
• lagoons
• GeoBags
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
GeoTextile Bags
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Vacuum Honey WagonVacuum Honey Wagon
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Waste LagoonWaste Lagoon
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Compost BinCompost Bin
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Biofiltration / NitrificationBiofiltrationNitrification
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria
Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria
2 NH4+ + OH - + 3 O2 2 H + + 2 NO2
- + 4 H2O
2 NO2 + 1 O2 2 NO3-
Ammonia Nitrite
Nitrite Nitrate
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Biofiltration / NitrificationBiofiltrationNitrification
Rule of Thumb:1 kg feed about 0.03 kg ammonia
5.93 g carbon dioxide
1 g of ammonia yields:
consumes:
4.42 g nitrate NO3-
4.34 g oxygen
7.14 g alkalinity
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Biofiltration / NitrificationBiofiltrationNitrification
• Submerged Biofilters
• Rotating Biological Contactors (RBC)
• Trickling Biofilters
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Gravel Biofilter
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Submerged/Trickling Biofilter
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Submerged Foam Filter
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Classic Trickling Tower
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Trickling Tower & Spray Bar
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Smaller Version
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Rotating Biological Contactors
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
RBC Drive Shaft
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Biofiltration / NitrificationBiofiltrationNitrification
• Fluidized bead biofilters
• Fluidized sand biofilters
• Pressurized bead biofilters
• Moving bed BioReactors
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Propeller Washed Bead Filter
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Bubble Washed Bead Filter
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Drop Filters (PolyGeysers)
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Fluidized Bed Biofilters
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Downflow micro-bead
biofilter
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Moving Bed Biofilter
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Aeration / OxygenationAeration
Air/Oxygen
Oxygen Requirements
• Metabolism/respiration: 0.25 lbs O2 / lb feed
• Nitrifying bacteria: 0.40 lbs O2 / lb feed
Total: 0.65 to 1.00 lbs of O2 / lb feed
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Sources of Air - Blowers
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Aeration / OxygenationAeration
Air/Oxygen
Aeration (less than 1/3 lb of fish / gal of water)
•Diffusers (air stones)
•Mechanical agitators
•Packed column aeration
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Air Lifts - Mechanical Aeration
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Aeration Tower
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Aeration / OxygenationAeration
Air/Oxygen
Oxygenation
• Downflow Bubble Contactor
• Counter Current Diffusion Column
• Multi-stage Low Head Oxygenation (LHO)
sources: compressed oxygen cylinders liquid oxygen (LOX) on-site oxygen generation
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Oxygen Sources
on-site oxygen generators
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
LOX
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Emergency Supply
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Downflow Bubble
Contactor
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Full Scale Speece Cone
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Carbon Dioxide Removal Carbon DioxideRemoval
• Packed column degassing units
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Disinfection Disinfection
• Ultraviolet radiation• Ozone
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Monitoring & System Control
Continuous• DO• Level• Flow• Temperature• Air pressure
Periodically• pH• NH3
• NO2
• NO3
• CO2
• AlkalinityPhone Dialer
Monitoring &System Control
It takes only one mistake to KILL EVERYTHING IN YOU FACILITY!!!!
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Continuous Monitoring
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Water Quality Lab
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
BioSecurity
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Support Components •Water Quality Lab•Storage - Feed, Chemicals, Product
•Equipment Storage•Staff Support•Back-up Generator•Quarantine Area•Waste Disposal
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
SAFETYSAFETY
Water and electricity do not mix!
• Have Back-up Plans and Use Them!• Train staff in emergency preparedness!• Think!!!
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
The Good!
The Bad!
The Ugly!!
SAFETY
Mercury!!
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Fish Culture TankFish Culture Tank
AerationAerationAir/OxygenAir/Oxygen
DisinfectionDisinfection
BiofiltrationBiofiltrationNitrificationNitrification
Waste SolidsWaste SolidsRemovalRemoval
SludgeSludge
Fine & DissolvedFine & DissolvedSolids RemovalSolids Removal
Carbon DioxideCarbon DioxideRemovalRemoval
SludgeSludge
Putting It All Together
Monitoring &Monitoring &System ControlSystem Control
BIOSECURITYBIOSECURITY
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Short Course
Questions?