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Reclamation of Mines and Mine-spoils
K.D. Sharma
Head Technical and R & D
Greenfield Eco Solutions Pvt Ltd (GESPL)
www.greenfieldeco.com
Mid Career Training Program for IFS Officers, 2013
IGNFA, Dehradun
Mining Leases in India
• Total area under mining leases in India is about 1 million ha. Out of this about 0.4 million ha area is under coal mines.
• This does not include individual leases under 10 ha area each.
Area-wise Distribution of Mining Leases* (Indian Bureau of Mines, Nagpur, 2010)
Frequency group area (ha)
# of mining leases
% of leases Area (‘000 ha)
% of area
0-50 8682 83 84 16
50-100 890 8 66 13
100-200 436 4 60 12
200-500 281 3 86 17
500 199 2 211 42
All groups
10488 100 507 100
* Excluding fuel, atomic and minor minerals
Denudation of Forest Cover Uneven Topography
Depletion of Water Resources and Altered Water
Quality / Contamination
Deleterious Impacts on Human and Livestock Health
of Society
D(S)
Waste / Spoil Piles Air, Noise and Water Pollution
Well-being
Impact of Mines and Mine-spoils and Environmental Damages
Hypothesis of Reclamation Conducting post-mining soil and mine-spoil
inventories define the establishment of ecosystem stability. Understanding successful germ-plasm selection; characterizing physical and chemical properties of soil, mine-spoils and overburden; conserving and maximizing soil moisture storage through rainwater harvesting; and evaluating plant community sustainability are important.
Criteria for Evaluating Mine-land Reclamation
• Stabilization of surface materials through appropriate landscape reconstruction, and
• Establishment of long-term, sustainable vegetation communities.
• In general, a silvi-pastoral system is being designed for reclamation as it complements the needs of local population.
Reclamation, Rehabilitation,
Remediation and Restoration Projects on a TURN KEY BASIS
Consultancy
Planning
Observation
Development
Monitoring
Evaluation
Implementation and Execution
Advice and Guidance
What is Required?
Case Study 1: Reclamation of Lignite Mine-spoil
Location: Giral Village, Barmer, Rajasthan
Rainfall: 265 mm per year
Type of Mining: Opencast
Water Harvesting: MCWHS
Amendments: Fine Sand, Caliche and FYM
Plant Species: Indigenous, Naturalized and Exotic Leguminous and Indigenous Non-leguminous (15 species)
Case Study 2: Reclamation of Limestone Mine-spoil
Location: Gotan Village, Nagore, Rajasthan
Rainfall: 424 mm per year
Type of Mining: Opencast
Water Harvesting: BTRHS
Amendments: Bentonite, Fine Sand and FYM
Plant Species: Indigenous, Naturalized and Exotic Leguminous and Indigenous Non-leguminous (19 species)
Case Study 3: Reclamation of Gypsum Mine-spoil
Location: Kavas Village, Barmer, Rajasthan
Rainfall: 265 mm per year
Type of Mining: Strip
Water Harvesting: MCWHS
Amendments: Fine Sand & FYM in Auger Holes
Plant Species: Indigenous, Naturalized and Exotic Leguminous and Indigenous Non-leguminous (23 species)
Micro-catchment Rainwater Harvesting System (MCWHS) for Backfills (A variant of MCRHS is Ridge-Furrow System)
Bench Terracing Rainwater Harvesting System (BTRHS) for OB Dumps (A variant of BTRHS is Half Moon Terracing)
Soil Moisture Storage (% volume)*
Mine-spoil With RWH Without RWH
Lignite/Coal 18.3 13.6
Limestone 6.1 4.6
Gypsum 6.4 4.0
* Monthly mean of 4 years (1997-2000)
Development of Greenbelts - II
At Industry (Solan, Himachal Pradesh) Along Canal (Suratgarh, Rajasthan)
The Company: GESPL
Greenfield Eco Solutions Pvt. Ltd. (GESPL)
incorporated under the Indian Companies Act
1956 (CIN: U74900RJ2012PTC039532), offers
One-Stop Solutions for reclamation of
degraded lands and restoration of damaged
environments associated with the core-infra
sectors of economy such as mining, power,
manufacturing, industrialization, urbanization
and infrastructure development.
Mission of GESPL
To restore the forest wealth, greenbelts
and vegetative covers, improve
environment and create a corpus fund
for the purpose thereof.
Vision of GESPL
To reconcile and balance the environmental concerns vis-a-vis economic and social development in a perpetual and sustainable manner as per the mandate of Article 21 of Indian Constitution, Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Bill 2011, and State, National and International Sustainable Development Frameworks.
Capabilities and Expertise of GESPL- I
Developing landscape, forests, grasslands,
fodders, crops, greenbelts and vegetative
covers on degraded lands, which
complement the needs of local
communities and minimize the impacts of
global warming and climate change.
Continue…
Capabilities and Expertise of GESPL - II
Water conservation and Runoff
management; in situ, ex situ and on-site
rainwater harvesting; water auditing;
water use economy; supplemental/deficit
irrigation; CSR activities; and other
related issues.
Continue…
Capabilities and Expertise of GESPL-III
Selecting successful germplasms; characterizing
soil/over-burden and waste/spoils; restoring
land capability; landscaping and land shaping;
controlling soil erosion; profile development;
soil modifications; creating plant-rooting
medium; planting techniques; phyto-
stabilization and phyto-remediation of mine
tailings, OB dumps and backfills; and ensured
post-reclamation sustainability.
We are committed to delivering
guaranteed post-reclamation/remediation
sustainability employing cutting edge,
state-of-the-art green technology and post-
care maintenance of land, water and
environmental resources to enhance
customer satisfaction and provide
continued improvement of our products,
services, support and technology.
Quality Policy of GESPL
Please contact:
Thank You!
For more information or assistance