Reconstruction Overview

• Warm Up: What was the outcome of the Civil War?

• Who won?• Who lost?• Who died?

Vocabulary

• Civil War• Abraham Lincoln• Freedmen’s Bureau• Southern Reconstruction• 13th Amendment• 14th Amendment• 15th Amendment• Civil Rights Act of 1875• Sharecropping

• KKK• Black Codes• Compromise of 1877• Segregation• Plessy v. Ferguson• Jim Crow• Lynching• Seceed

Reconstruction

Plans for Reconstruction

RECONSTRUCTION

Reconstruction – Overview

• The years after the Civil War, from 1865 – 1877, are known as Reconstruction.

• It was a time of reuniting and rebuilding the nation inflicted by the Civil War.

Reconstruction

Three Important Questions:• 1) Can the U.S. truly be united?

• 2) Can Black and White Americans coexist peacefully?

• 3) Who runs this country—President or Congress, Supreme Court, or the American People?

South Devastated

• Physically—From Richmond to New Orleans lay in ruins.

• Transportation, communications, economically, financially and socially COMPLETELY devastated.

South Devastated

• Legally—Biggest most immediate issue. Southern states had acted treasonous, left the Union, and now had to be reannexed;

• Reannexed with severe stipulations.

• Debates begin before war actually ends.

Presidential Leadership

• Lincoln and Johnson argued that they should lead Reconstruction because secession was an act against the government and only the President has the power to pardon that crime.

Congressional Leadership

• Congress argued that they should lead Reconstruction because the Confederate states had left the Union, and only Congress had the authority to re-admit states.

Reflection-1 paragraph answers

• How should the South be rebuilt?

• How should the states that seceded be brought back into the Union?

• How should former slaves be incorporated into the country as freed men and women?

• What should be done to the Southern state governments that fought against the United States?

Present!

Warm Up

• Define Radical Reconstruction and black codes.

Lincoln’s 2nd Inaugural

• Lincoln famously said, “with malice towards none,” and began what is known as Presidential Reconstruction.

• Lincoln’s plan would allow the southern states that had seceded back into the Union once they pledged their loyalty.

Lincoln’s Assassination

• Lincoln was unable to carry out his plan for Reconstruction, because on April 14, 1865, he was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth.

• Lincoln’s vice-president, Andrew Johnson, took over as President.

Presidential: Johnson’s Plan

• Johnson’s plan for Reconstruction was very similar to Lincoln’s, but the main difference was that Johnson allowed former Confederates and the planter aristocracy to resume positions of power and authority.

Johnson’s Plan cont…

• The most offensive acts by these “new” Southern governments were to pass “black codes,” which restricted the newly gained rights of African Americans.

• Johnson readmitted all of the former Confederate states while Congress was out of session.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bCcHKCueVe0

Reconstruction PS Activity

• Read Primary Source Documents and answer corresponding Questions.

• Complete and put in binder by the end of class.

• I will be circling around the room to monitor student activity.

Summary Statement

• Present your findings to the class.

• What was “radical” about reconstruction?

Warm Up

• Define the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendment.

• 10 minutes

• Turn to your table partners and discuss.

Congressional Plan

• From 1866 – 1873 Reconstruction was led by Congress.

• The Republican Party was in the majority and they wanted to punish the South for the Civil War.

• The sweeping changes that they made to the US led them to become known as the Radical Republicans.

Radical Republicans• Radical Republicans

were from the North and favored policies to force radical changes in Southern life and politics.

• They feared that

Southern whites intended to restore much the same sort of society that existed before the war.

Freedman’s Bureau• The Freedman’s

Bureau was a federal agency to aid distressed persons, primarily the freed slaves.

• The greatest accomplishment of the Freedman’s Bureau was establishing a public school system in the South.

Congressional Plan: Amendments• Additional accomplishments were three

constitutional amendments:

– 13th Amendment: abolished slavery – 14th Amendment: African American

citizenship. – 15th Amendment: African American males the

right to vote.

• The effect of these amendments was to legally give African Americans equality.

Military Reconstruction• In 1867 the Radical

Republicans began Military Reconstruction.

• The South was divided into 5 military districts and each state had a military governor.

• To be restored to the Union, each state had to write a new constitution and approve the 13th and 14th Amendments

Reconstruction SAC

• Read PS• Answer

Corresponding Questions

• Create arguments with source evidence

• Present

• Come to a consensus.

Reconstruction Gallery Walk

• Survey each image and answer the each set of questions.

• Then complete a more in-depth analysis of Thomas Nast political cartoons.

• Both due EOC.

Warm Up

• Do you believe African Americans were free after the Civil War? Explain.

Warm Up

• Complete Thomas Nast Cartoon Analysis• (20 minutes).• Prepare to present.

Carpetbaggers

• It was the term for Northerners who came to the South after the Civil War. 

• Most took advantage of the situation after the war using the votes of black voters to get themselves elected, and figured out crooked ways to profit from holding public office. 

Compromise of 1877

• It said that the Republicans would gain the presidency if they agreed to end Military Reconstruction in the South.

• This allowed the white Southern Democrats to take back control of the states and return the South almost to its pre-Civil War society.

“Redeemers”

• These White Southern Democrats, called the “Redeemers,” defeated the Republicans and took control of each Southern state.

• The effect of the “Redeemers” was to restrict Black voting and remove those who had gained political office.

Sharecropping

• After the Civil War in the South most Blacks were relegated to sharecropping.

• A sharecropper owned no land with the "rent" in the form of a share of the crop at harvest time. 

• Often, the sharecropper ended up in constant debt, and in a situation not much better than slavery.

Ku Klux Klan• The Ku Klux Klan was an

organization of whites that terrorized blacks in the South after the Civil War. 

• The goal of the Klan, was to stop blacks from voting. 

• Many whites refused to accept any form of equality for blacks, and especially resented blacks who held political office.

Legacies of Reconstruction

• Constitutional Amendments: 13th, 14th, 15th

• FAILURE: worse than slavery– Sharecropping; Crop-Lien Cycle

• 2nd Reconstruction – modern Civil Rights Movement (1950s, 1960s)

Activity

• Cover Page-due EOC.

Summary

• Reconstruction was a failure. Although African-Americans were given rights, the South managed to restrict those rights and it entered into a new period called the era of “Jim Crow.”

Sharecropping Activity

• You will simulate your own sharecropping family.

• Follow ALL directions on the sheet.• When it comes time to do the “surprise

bag”, come to my desk to roll the dice.

Activity

• Sharecropping Lesson • Reconstruction Part 2• Both due EOC.

Videos

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5CTG58jIlNA

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HPmK1tPl_j0