Reconstruction Plans:Lincoln vs. Johnson

September 5, 2013

Lincoln’s 10 Percent Plan (1863)

• Amnesty if proclaim loyalty to Union & free slaves

• NEED: 10% voters to proclaim loyalty & allowed to form state gov’t

• New state go v’t outlaw slavery

• Re-enter Union with full state benefits & representation in Congress

• GOAL: End War

Congress feels 10% too lenient

• Congress passes Wade-Davis Bill

• REQUIRES: 50% loyalty oath

• PLUS: Iron-Clad Oath

• Testify never aided or abetted rebellion

• Oath required to VOTE and serve in state gov’t

• GOAL: Ensure UNIONISTS in gov’t (not Confederates)

• Lincoln VETOES

• Andrew Johnson’s Plan:1. Limit Freedman’s Bureau (no 40 acres)2. Take loyalty oath to receive pardon for

participation in rebellion3. And…Confederate leaders and wealthy

farmers could appeal directly to Johnson for pardon– 13,000 pardoned

• Regain citizenship & all property (except slaves)

• Begin voting & form state gov’t• No concern for freed African Americans• GOAL: Wrap up Reconstruction quickly• WHO’S PLAN WOULD YOU CHOOSE?

WHY OR WHY NOT?

Southern State Governments• Restore Confederate leaders to POWER

Black Codes• Modeled off of slave codes that existed

before Civil War• Legalized marriage & allowed to own/ sell

property• NO (1) serve on jury (2) testify against white

person in court (3) interracial marriage• And special rules in some areas:

1. No African American in Mississippi could own/ rent farmland

2. African American criminals hired out as laborers to WHITE landowners

• Consequences of BLACK CODES???