Record, Examine and Develop

Chapter 7

1. Record The Facts

Serves the basis for subsequent analysis and examination

Recording can be done in two phases:1st phase: A Rough sketch ,to know whether the recorded information is of any use

2nd phase: A more formal accurate chart or diagram

CHARTS and DIAGRAMS

Recording by writing them down is a tedious process

Charts and diagrams makes it simpler

CHARTS can be grouped into two categories:1. Those which are used to record process

sequence – events depicted in order but not to scale

2. Those which record events, also in sequence but on a time scale

DIAGRAMS are used to indicate movement and/or inter-relationships of movement

Most commonly used method study charts and diagrams

A. CHARTS Indicating Process SEQUENCEOutline process chartFlow process chart-worker typeFlow process chart- Equipment typeFlow process chart – Material typeTwo handed process chartProcedure flowcharts

B. CHARTS Using TIME SCALEMultiple Activity chartSimo Chart

C. DIAGRAMS Indicating MOVEMENTFlow DiagramsString diagramCyclegraphChronocyclegraphTravel chart

PROCESS CHART SYMBOLS

OPERATION-the main step in a process, method or procedure-product is modified or changed usually

INSPECTION- Indicates an inspection for quality and/or check for quantity

TRANSPORT- Indicates the movement of worker, materials or equipment from place

to place

TEMPORARY STORAGE OR DELAY- Indicates a delay in the sequence of events

PERMANENT STORAGEIndicates a controlled storage in which material is received into or issued

from a store under some form of authorization, or an item is retained for reference purpose

COMBINED ACTIVITIESWhen it is desired to show activities performed at the same time or by

the same operative at the same workstation, the symbols for those activities are combined

Method study symbols

Outline Process Chart

It gives an overall picture by recording in sequence only the main operations and inspections

Who does them and where they are performed is irrelevant here

With symbols and their sequence, a brief note of nature of each operation and inspection is made beside the symbol

Flow Process charts

To go into greater details, first stage is to construct a flow process chart

A flow process chart is a process chart setting out the sequence of the flow of a product or a procedure by recording all events under review using the appropriate process chart symbols.

Flow process chart – Worker type: records what the worker does.

Flow process chart – Material type: records how materials are handles or treated

Flow process chart – Equipment type: records how the equipment is used

Prepared same as outline process chart including symbols of transport, delay and storage too

2. Examine critically: The questioning technique

The questioning technique is the means by which the critical examination is conducted, each activity being subjected in turn to a systematic and progressive series of questions

Questions asked in two sets:1. Primary Questions2. Secondary Questions

Primary Questions

Secondary Questions

The secondary questions cover the second stage of the questioning technique, during which the answers to the primary questions are subjected to further query to determine whether possible alternatives of place, sequence, persons and/or means are practicable and preferable as a means of improvement upon the existing method.

Questions asked are: What else might be done? And hence: What should be done?

Secondary questions:

3. Develop the improved method

Work study specialist should be aware of the range of techniques that are available to them in developing a new improved model.

If further improvement is possible, go for it.

Example:

Receiving and inspecting aircraft parts

Record: The sequence activities is one of the unloading from the delivery truck cases containing aircraft parts, checking, inspecting and marking them before putting them into store.

Examine critically: Study the recorded diagram and process

Develop the improved model:

Directly placed to hand truck Taken directly to unpacking space Opened on hand truck itself and delivery note is taken Transported to receiving bench Unpacked and parts put on bench Counted and checked against delivery note Passes hand to hand for inspection, measuring and then

numbering Finally replaced in the cartons and repacked in the case,

which is still on the truck To Avoid roundabouts, new doorway into the stor

opposite to the benches

Thank You