Recovered Energy Recovered Energy GenerationGeneration

ORMAT Technologies, Inc.980 Greg Street

Sparks, NV 89431-6039 USA

www.ormat.com

CHPCHP

Waste Heat-to-Power Generation WorkshopWaste Heat-to-Power Generation Workshop

March 2, 2005March 2, 2005

University of California, IrvineUniversity of California, Irvine

Recovered Energy GenerationRecovered Energy Generation

((REGREG))

Recovery of residual waste heat energy with conversion to commercial grade electrical power

Economical, practical conversion of heat energy into electrical energy

Use of various “heat engines” governed by the laws of thermodynamics

Second Law of Thermodynamics, heat engine efficiency is limited by the difference in the temperature of the heat source and the surroundings

CogenerationCogenerationCHPCHP

(Sequential use of energy)(Sequential use of energy)

Power Power GenerationGeneration

Heat to ProcessHeat to ProcessFuel Fuel CombustionCombustion

ToppinToppingg

Power Power GenerationGeneration

Heat to ProcessHeat to ProcessFuel Fuel CombustionCombustion

BottomingBottoming

Power Power GenerationGeneration

Mechanical WorkMechanical WorkFuel Fuel CombustionCombustion

Bottoming?Bottoming?

Power Power GenerationGeneration

Mechanical WorkMechanical WorkFuel Fuel CombustionCombustion

Heat to ProcessHeat to Process

BottomingBottoming

Recovered Energy GenerationRecovered Energy Generation

((REGREG ) )Target CriteriaTarget Criteria

Temperature of the heat source and cooling medium

Total available heat

State of heat source medium (Gas, Liquid, Condensable)

Corrosive or erosive nature of heat source

Consistency of heat source

Low local demand for heat energy

Demand for electrical power (Internal, External)

Site specific requirements (Space, existing power distribution, value of generated power, cooling medium)

Heat Sources for Recovered Heat Sources for Recovered Energy GenerationEnergy Generation

o Industrial and Process Plants– Cement, Glass, Petrochem, Mineral Processing, Pulp & Paper, Metals et al

Process Streams• Gases; >400F (204C)• Liquids; >200F (93C)• LP Steam (condensable vapors); any

Heat Sources for Recovered Heat Sources for Recovered Energy GenerationEnergy Generation

o Combustion Gases– Combustion Turbine Exhaust

• Gas Pipeline Compressor Stations• Gas Processing Plants• Cogeneration (CHP)

– Internal combustion engines• Gas Pipeline Compressor Stations• Gas Processing Plants• Cogeneration (CHP)

Heat Sources for Recovered Heat Sources for Recovered Energy GenerationEnergy Generation

o Combustion Gases– Incinerators

• Biomass• Municipal waste• Thermal Oxidizers• Flares

o Nuclear Waste?

ORMAT® Energy Converters (OEC)ORMAT® Energy Converters (OEC)Typical Applications of Recovered EnergyTypical Applications of Recovered Energy

ORMAT® Energy Converters (OEC)ORMAT® Energy Converters (OEC)Typical Applications of Recovered EnergyTypical Applications of Recovered Energy

ChemicalPlant

HotWater

320

95

70

750

10

20

700

Application1

Application2

Pulp andPaper Mill

CondensingLow Pressure

Steam

13

105

80

1000

13.5

20

930

PetrochemicalPlant

CondensingHydrocarbons(Top Vapors)

85

104

85

1000

27

37

780

Application3

Application4

Cement PlantClinker Cooler

196

275

125

1200

Application5

ExhaustGases

203.8

365

110

1600

28

37

2950

Gas TurbineBottoming

Application6

Application7

ChargedAir

198.5

172

106

Air CooledCondensers

Design PointAmbient

Temperature11oC

Exhaust Gases

295

463

92

5825

Air CooledCondensers

Design PointAmbient

Temperature2oC

Diesel Generators

Heat StreamType

Flow Rate(tons/hr)

TemperatureInlet (oC)

TemperatureOutlet (oC)

Cooling Water:

Flow Rate(Tons/hr)

Inlet Temp. oC

Outlet Temp. oC

OEC Net Outputto Grid - kW

Location

OilRefinery

LiquidDiesel Oil

156

184

80

700

20

30

1070

1032

US REG Market PotentialUS REG Market PotentialOrganic Rankine Cycle Bottoming on Combustion Powered Organic Rankine Cycle Bottoming on Combustion Powered

CompressorsCompressors

US REG Market PotentialUS REG Market PotentialOrganic Rankine Cycle Bottoming on Gas Turbine Powered Organic Rankine Cycle Bottoming on Gas Turbine Powered

CompressorsCompressors

Over 1,400 simple cycle gas turbines for gas compression at more than 600 stations

10,000,000 installed hp @ 30% efficiency

932 MWe recovered energy potential

189 MCFD usage of natural gas avoidable

11,000 tCO2e/day of GHG could be offset

US REG Market PotentialUS REG Market PotentialOrganic Rankine Cycle Bottoming on Cement PlantsOrganic Rankine Cycle Bottoming on Cement Plants

Over 230 Cement kilns with 116 Cement Plant Locations

Average power production capacity of 4.5 MW from each kiln

500 MWe recovered energy potential

10,000 tCO2e/day of GHG could be offset

Qualified Energy Recovery

A “Green” Power Technology

NEVADA: AB 429 accepts “Qualified Energy Recovery” from non electrical generating sources such as mining processes, as eligible for RPS

NORTH DAKOTA: Pipeline Compressor GT Exhaust Gas Energy Recovery Is “eligible for green tags or green energy sales”

SOUTH DAKOTA: “Consider these projects as renewable energy resources”

OTHERS: Under Consideration in Many States

EconomicsEconomics

Economics vary by application

– Heat source utilization

– Physical configuration

– Value of power generated

– Capital cost

– O & M cost

– Return horizon

Resource Recovery: BiomassGeothermal Power Plants

Industrial Waste Heat Recovery Heat Recovery – Gas PlantHeat Recovery - Pipelines

1473

Waste Heat-to-Power

Applications

CHP Applications

ConclusionsConclusions

Proven, mature, reliable technology

Economically attractive compared to other new sources of power

Significant environmental benefits

Many existing opportunities in energy intensive industries, many potential new CHP and DG applications

Market is responding to opportunity