Recycled Water:Conveying the Message to

Non-Water Experts

Recycled Water:Conveying the Message to

Non-Water Experts

Roy HerndonBerkeley Colloquium 5-9-06

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Tonight’s Topics:Tonight’s Topics:

Water supply outlookWater supply outlook

OCWD’s mission and activitiesOCWD’s mission and activities

Seawater intrusion controlSeawater intrusion control

Groundwater Replenishment SystemGroundwater Replenishment System

The Acre-FootThe Acre-Foot

325,900 gallons 3,790 cu. meters Covers a football field by 1 foot Supplies 2 families for a year

4

% water supply vs. usage

3 MAF/yr Imported

21 MAF/yr to Ocean

Coastal Southern California imports 50% of its water supply.

Future Imported Water ChallengedFuture Imported Water Challenged Northern CA water Northern CA water

– Provide water to restore Provide water to restore Sacramento-San Joaquin Sacramento-San Joaquin River DeltaRiver Delta

Colorado River Colorado River – Concern by other states on Concern by other states on

California’s use of surplus California’s use of surplus Colorado RiverColorado River

– 2016 surplus water reduced2016 surplus water reduced Los AngelesLos Angeles

– Must leave approx. 10% of water Must leave approx. 10% of water in Owens Valley to restore in Owens Valley to restore environmentenvironment

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State-wide population growth State-wide population growth continues to drive water demands.continues to drive water demands.

14 mil.

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Orange Co. California

Po

pu

lati

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illio

ns)

2000

2030

+900,000

+14 million

Water Industry Is ChangingWater Industry Is Changing

No massive state and federal water No massive state and federal water projects on the horizonprojects on the horizon

Future water will come from:Future water will come from: Local & regional projectsLocal & regional projects More water efficiency all the timeMore water efficiency all the time Ag. water transfers to citiesAg. water transfers to cities Storing water in groundwater basinsStoring water in groundwater basins Expanding existing reservoirsExpanding existing reservoirs More purification of sewer & More purification of sewer &

eventually ocean watereventually ocean water

From a local agency perspective, From a local agency perspective, population growth and water supply population growth and water supply uncertainty drive the need to:uncertainty drive the need to:

Shore up reliabilityShore up reliability Diversify our supplies Diversify our supplies

Water recycling provides “new,” Water recycling provides “new,” reliable, and drought-proof supply reliable, and drought-proof supply of high-quality water.of high-quality water.

Who is Orange Co. Water District?Who is Orange Co. Water District?

• Manage groundwater basin Manage groundwater basin under North OCunder North OCBasin = reliability: just got Basin = reliability: just got

through 5-year droughtthrough 5-year droughtLarger than largest reservoir Larger than largest reservoir

in Southern Californiain Southern California• Replenish aquifersReplenish aquifers

doubled basin water yield doubled basin water yield through planning & through planning & investmentinvestment

• Committed to protecting & Committed to protecting & improving water qualityimproving water quality

The 350-sq. mi. basin supplies 325,000 af/yr (65% of demand) to 2.3 million people.

Recharge Facilities

SeawaterIntrusionBarriers

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Cities and water districts pump GW from 200 wells and pay OCWD a “replenishment assessment.”

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Groundwater is about half the Groundwater is about half the cost of imported water. cost of imported water.

$0

$100

$200

$300

$400

$500

$600

Groundwater Imported

AF

RA = $205

Energy = $60 $500

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“This is one of the most complex hydrologic systems I’ve encountered.” – Dr. David Todd, ca. 1999

Potentiometric Surface ofPrincipal Aquifer System

November 2005(feet MSL)

2,000+ feet of unconsolidated 2,000+ feet of unconsolidated sediments comprise the basin aquifers.sediments comprise the basin aquifers.

HuntingtonHuntingtonBeachBeach

Anaheim/OrangeAnaheim/Orange

The Simple VersionThe Simple Version

RechargeRecharge

Drinking Water WellsDrinking Water Wells

NON-WATERBEARING FORMATION

0 miles0 miles

1,000’1,000’

2,000’2,000’

3,000’3,000’

55 1010 1515 2020

0’0’

The groundwater basin is a reservoir to store and The groundwater basin is a reservoir to store and withdraw water during surplus and drought.withdraw water during surplus and drought.

Drought Periods

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OCWD groundwater recharge facilities along Santa Ana River in Anaheim.

Seawater IntrusionSeawater IntrusionSeawater IntrusionSeawater Intrusion

Threat to So. Calif. coastal basins since early Threat to So. Calif. coastal basins since early 1900s1900s

Limits how much we can pump from basinLimits how much we can pump from basin Requires many injection wells and continuous Requires many injection wells and continuous

high-quality water supplyhigh-quality water supply Four seawater barriers in So. Calif., all using Four seawater barriers in So. Calif., all using

recycled waterrecycled water

2002

1998

1993

1995

Doubling injection to >30,000 AF/yearis needed to reverse seawater intrusion.

Desired SeawaterHolding Point

Seawater Barrier Protects BasinSeawater Barrier Protects Basin For 30 years, OCWD For 30 years, OCWD

purifying sewer water to purifying sewer water to drinking water quality & drinking water quality & injecting it into barrierinjecting it into barrier

Barrier inadequate, need Barrier inadequate, need expansion and increase expansion and increase water injected from 15 to water injected from 15 to 40 million gallons a day40 million gallons a day

Need for barrier water -Need for barrier water -genesis of the genesis of the Groundwater Groundwater Replenishment SystemReplenishment System

Injection WellInjection Well

Intrusion BarrierIntrusion BarrierSeaSeaLevelLevel

What is the Groundwater What is the Groundwater Replenishment (GWR) System?Replenishment (GWR) System?

• New water quality & supply projectNew water quality & supply project• Uses “ultra-pure” water purification Uses “ultra-pure” water purification

technologytechnology• Converts sewer water to somewhere between Converts sewer water to somewhere between

bottled and distilled water qualitybottled and distilled water quality• Uses bottled water and food purification Uses bottled water and food purification

technologiestechnologies• Treats water six times before final natural Treats water six times before final natural

filtration through groundfiltration through ground• Similar projects around the world – Singapore, Similar projects around the world – Singapore,

LA, etc.LA, etc.

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We looked at several future water supply We looked at several future water supply options in addition to recycling.options in addition to recycling.

ConservationConservation – will do more, but – will do more, but can’t provide can’t provide enough waterenough water

Ocean DesalinationOcean Desalination – $800 to $2,000 AF depending – $800 to $2,000 AF depending on where it has been done, will be part of future on where it has been done, will be part of future water mixwater mix

Satellite Reclamation PlantsSatellite Reclamation Plants – 3 in OC – costly with – 3 in OC – costly with special piping special piping $3,000 AF$3,000 AF for landscape for landscape

Buy Imported waterBuy Imported water – need to augment this supply – need to augment this supply when and where we can *when and where we can *

*MWD is working hard to increase groundwater *MWD is working hard to increase groundwater storage, Ag. transfers, and find other new storage, Ag. transfers, and find other new sources of watersources of water

The Groundwater Replenishment System will The Groundwater Replenishment System will provide a new reliable high-quality local water provide a new reliable high-quality local water supply to the basin in 2007.supply to the basin in 2007.

The Groundwater Replenishment System will The Groundwater Replenishment System will provide a new reliable high-quality local water provide a new reliable high-quality local water supply to the basin in 2007.supply to the basin in 2007.

Ocean Outfall

Spreading Basins

OCSDTreatment Facilities

Seawater Intrusion

BarrierGroundwater Basin Boundary

N

Irvine

AnaheimMF

RO

AO

First Purification StepFirst Purification Step

Like a hollow straw with Like a hollow straw with holes in the sides 300 times holes in the sides 300 times smaller than human hairsmaller than human hair

Vary size of holes & used to Vary size of holes & used to make computer chip water, make computer chip water, baby food, purify medicines, baby food, purify medicines, fruit juices, and morefruit juices, and more

Excellent pre-treatment Excellent pre-treatment before reverse osmosis (RO)before reverse osmosis (RO)

11stst used on massive scale on used on massive scale on water by Disney in Orlandowater by Disney in Orlando

Microfiltration Microfiltration (MF)(MF)

Second Purification StepSecond Purification Step

Same technology as Same technology as bottled water firms bottled water firms

OCWD’s has used for OCWD’s has used for many yearsmany years

Force water, under Force water, under very high pressure, very high pressure, thru molecular thru molecular structure of sheet of structure of sheet of plastic membraneplastic membrane

Demineralizes and Demineralizes and purifies waterpurifies water

Reverse Osmosis (RO)Reverse Osmosis (RO)

Third Purification StepThird Purification Step Concentrated sunlight & Concentrated sunlight &

hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) Creates advanced oxidation Creates advanced oxidation

reaction, basically destroys reaction, basically destroys anything in the wateranything in the water

Add’l safety barrier Add’l safety barrier Followed by natural filtration Followed by natural filtration

through groundthrough ground A multiple barrier, redundant

approach Water is so pure, have to add

minerals back to water

Ultraviolet (UV) Ultraviolet (UV) Disinfection plus Disinfection plus HH22OO22

Safest Water Available for RechargeSafest Water Available for Recharge

7+ years testing — no 7+ years testing — no significant contaminants significant contaminants made it throughmade it through

Outside independent Water Outside independent Water Quality Study confirmed Quality Study confirmed safety of watersafety of water

Quality continually Quality continually monitored by computers & monitored by computers & peoplepeople

Oversight of health Oversight of health organizations (DHS, organizations (DHS, Regional Board)Regional Board)

Several health and medical Several health and medical experts support this projectexperts support this project

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Total Organic Compounds

Dr. Christine MoeDr. Christine Moe Advisor to the CDC, Advisor to the CDC,

environmental scientist environmental scientist specializing in waterborne viral specializing in waterborne viral and bacterial diseases, on staff and bacterial diseases, on staff

Emory University Rollins Emory University Rollins

School of Public HealthSchool of Public Health

“The advanced treatment technologies that will be applied to the water should produce safe, high purity output flows…I support the GWR System”

Also Dr. Harvey Collins, ex-Head of California Dept. Health Services, Drinking Water Section supports project

Benefits of GWR SystemBenefits of GWR System

1. Can be replicated around the world & help with 1. Can be replicated around the world & help with looming global water crisislooming global water crisis

2. Helps maintains lifestyle & recreation in arid regions2. Helps maintains lifestyle & recreation in arid regions

3. Helps sustain supplies in future droughts3. Helps sustain supplies in future droughts

4. Higher quality, softer water4. Higher quality, softer water

-Over time will improve water quality-Over time will improve water quality

-As good as bottled water into basin-As good as bottled water into basin

5. Helps do our part for environment, water reuse and 5. Helps do our part for environment, water reuse and reliability in So. Calif.reliability in So. Calif.

6. Saves energy - ½ the energy to move water from 6. Saves energy - ½ the energy to move water from No. CA - CEC Flex Power AwardNo. CA - CEC Flex Power Award

7. Provides water diversity, like financial diversity7. Provides water diversity, like financial diversity

Project Reduces Water to OceanProject Reduces Water to Ocean• OCSD will need OCSD will need

new ocean outfallnew ocean outfall• By purifying water By purifying water

currently treated currently treated to go to ocean, we to go to ocean, we can save $170 can save $170 million by not million by not building new building new outfalloutfall

• OCSD contributing OCSD contributing outfall funding to outfall funding to new water new water purification plantpurification plant

• Good example of Good example of public agency public agency cooperationcooperation

Project Funding & TimingProject Funding & Timing

Costs about $487 millionCosts about $487 million Produces 72,000 AF - enough Produces 72,000 AF - enough

for 144,000 families each yearfor 144,000 families each year Unit cost about same as Unit cost about same as

imported water ($500/AF)imported water ($500/AF) $92 mil in State & Fed Grants$92 mil in State & Fed Grants $86 mil in O&M MWD subsidy $86 mil in O&M MWD subsidy On-line 2007 - expandableOn-line 2007 - expandable

Broad-based Community SupportBroad-based Community SupportEnvironmental Groups:Environmental Groups: Groundwater FoundationGroundwater Foundation

Industrial Environmental Coalition of O.C.Industrial Environmental Coalition of O.C.

Mono Lake Committee Mono Lake Committee

Orange County Audubon SocietyOrange County Audubon Society

Orange Coast WatchOrange Coast Watch

Orange County CoastKeeperOrange County CoastKeeper

Sierra Club of Orange CountySierra Club of Orange County

Sisters of St. JosephSisters of St. Joseph

Surfrider Foundation of HB/LBSurfrider Foundation of HB/LB

Earth Resources FoundationEarth Resources Foundation

Health/Science and Education:Health/Science and Education:Consulting Engineers and Land Surveyors Consulting Engineers and Land Surveyors Discovery Science CenterDiscovery Science Center

Historical Societies: Fountain Valley, Garden Historical Societies: Fountain Valley, Garden GroveGrove

National Water Research InstituteNational Water Research Institute

North Orange County United TeachersNorth Orange County United Teachers

Orange County City Engineer’s AssociationOrange County City Engineer’s Association

Society of Women EngineersSociety of Women Engineers

More Health/Science and Education:More Health/Science and Education:Water Resources InstituteWater Resources Institute

Women’s Environmental CouncilWomen’s Environmental Council

Higher Education:Higher Education: Chapman University, Dept. Chapman University, Dept. of Phys Science, CSUF Department of of Phys Science, CSUF Department of Geological Sciences, Rancho Santiago Geological Sciences, Rancho Santiago Community College DistrictCommunity College District

Medical:Medical: Anaheim Memorial Medical Center, Anaheim Memorial Medical Center, Association of Professionals in Infection Association of Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc., CSUF Control and Epidemiology, Inc., CSUF Institute of Gerontology, Garden Grove Institute of Gerontology, Garden Grove Hospital and Medical Center,Hoag Memorial Hospital and Medical Center,Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian, Kaiser Permanente Hospital Presbyterian, Kaiser Permanente Orange County, Los Alamitos Medical Orange County, Los Alamitos Medical Center, Newport Bay Hospital, Orange Center, Newport Bay Hospital, Orange County Pharmacists Association, West County Pharmacists Association, West Anaheim Medical CenterAnaheim Medical Center

School Districts:School Districts: Anaheim Union High, Fountain Anaheim Union High, Fountain Valley, Huntington Beach City, Placentia-Valley, Huntington Beach City, Placentia-Yorba Linda Unified, Santa Ana Unified, Yorba Linda Unified, Santa Ana Unified, SavannaSavanna

Supportive GroupsSupportive GroupsExchange Clubs:Exchange Clubs: Irvine, Millennium, Newport Irvine, Millennium, Newport

Harbor, Orange Coast, Sunrise Harbor, Orange Coast, Sunrise Kiwanis Clubs:Kiwanis Clubs: Anaheim, Cypress, Garden Anaheim, Cypress, Garden

Grove Evening, Greater Buena Park, Grove Evening, Greater Buena Park, Huntington Beach, Newport Beach/Corona Huntington Beach, Newport Beach/Corona del Mar, North Santa Ana, Santa Ana, Tustin, del Mar, North Santa Ana, Santa Ana, Tustin, and Westminsterand Westminster

Lions Clubs:Lions Clubs: Anaheim Evening, Anaheim Anaheim Evening, Anaheim Host, Brea Noon, Costa Mesa-Newport Host, Brea Noon, Costa Mesa-Newport Harbor, Costa Mesa-Orange Coast Harbor, Costa Mesa-Orange Coast Breakfast, Fullerton Host, Garden Grove Breakfast, Fullerton Host, Garden Grove Host, Santa Ana Host,StantonHost, Santa Ana Host,Stanton

Republican Women, Federated:Republican Women, Federated: Brea, Garden Brea, Garden Grove, Irvine, Orange, Tustin Area Grove, Irvine, Orange, Tustin Area

Rotary Clubs:Rotary Clubs: Buena Park, Fountain Valley, Buena Park, Fountain Valley, Fullerton, Fullerton South, Huntington Fullerton, Fullerton South, Huntington Beach, Santa Ana NorthBeach, Santa Ana North

Sertoma Clubs:Sertoma Clubs: Anaheim, Orange Empire, Anaheim, Orange Empire, North County North County

Soroptimists:Soroptimists: Buena Park, Fullerton Buena Park, FullertonWomen’s Clubs: Buena Park, Fountain Valley Women’s Clubs: Buena Park, Fountain Valley Anaheim Hi-12Anaheim Hi-12Anaheim OptimistsAnaheim OptimistsFountain Valley Newcomers ClubFountain Valley Newcomers Club

Hispanic Business Women Assoc.Hispanic Business Women Assoc.Huntington View Garden ClubHuntington View Garden ClubIzaak Walton LeagueIzaak Walton LeagueKansas Club of Seal Beach/Leisure WorldKansas Club of Seal Beach/Leisure WorldLeague of Women Voters of OC League of Women Voters of OC Leisure World Republican ClubLeisure World Republican ClubLido Isle Community Assoc. Lido Isle Community Assoc. Los Amigos of OCLos Amigos of OCOrange County Women in TravelOrange County Women in TravelOrange County Chapter of AARPOrange County Chapter of AARPOrange Park Acres Women’s LeagueOrange Park Acres Women’s LeagueOrange Sister City AssociationOrange Sister City AssociationNewport Beach Business ClubNewport Beach Business ClubPlacentia Community NetworkPlacentia Community NetworkRetired Oil Men’s ClubRetired Oil Men’s ClubSOLE – International Society of Logistics SOLE – International Society of Logistics Southern California Product Safety SocietySouthern California Product Safety SocietyWomen for Orange CountyWomen for Orange CountyZonta Club of the Greater Anaheim AreaZonta Club of the Greater Anaheim Area

Supportive Businesses Supportive Businesses

Chambers of Commerce (representing some 18,000 businesses):

BoeingBoeingThe Gas CompanyThe Gas CompanyEdisonEdisonAmerican Business Women’s Association, American Business Women’s Association, Buena Park ChapterBuena Park ChapterAssociated General Contractors – O.C.Associated General Contractors – O.C.Baywood Development Group Baywood Development Group Business Industry Assoc., OCBusiness Industry Assoc., OC Kingston TechnologiesKingston TechnologiesDoubleTree Hotel of Anaheim/OCDoubleTree Hotel of Anaheim/OCDowntown Santa Ana Business Assoc. Downtown Santa Ana Business Assoc. Hall & Foreman, Inc.Hall & Foreman, Inc.Hispanic Business AssociationHispanic Business AssociationHispanic Business Women Assoc.Hispanic Business Women Assoc.Orange County Business CouncilOrange County Business CouncilOrange County Taxpayers Assoc.Orange County Taxpayers Assoc.

Parsons Infrastructure & Tech. GroupParsons Infrastructure & Tech. GroupRainbow DisposalRainbow DisposalRamirez InternationalRamirez InternationalR.J. Medrano & AssociatesR.J. Medrano & AssociatesThe Robert Mayer CorporationThe Robert Mayer CorporationSempra Energy UtilitiesSempra Energy UtilitiesSingapore American Business Singapore American Business Association of Southern California Association of Southern California Southern California EdisonSouthern California EdisonTom Birch Equity Partners, Ltd.Tom Birch Equity Partners, Ltd.Trammell Crow CompanyTrammell Crow CompanyThe Wilck GroupThe Wilck GroupWildermuth Environmental, Inc.Wildermuth Environmental, Inc.William Lyon Homes, Inc.William Lyon Homes, Inc.WNC & AssociatesWNC & Associates

Orange County Farm BureauOrange County Farm Bureau

Greater Anaheim Greater Anaheim Brea Brea Costa Mesa Costa Mesa Filipino American Filipino American Fullerton Fullerton Garden Grove Garden Grove

HispanicHispanicIrvineIrvineKoreanKoreanLos Alamitos Area Los Alamitos Area Newport HarborNewport HarborOrange Orange

West O.C. West O.C. Legislative Legislative (coalition (coalition of Cypress, La Palma,of Cypress, La Palma, Los Alamitos Chambers Los Alamitos Chambers ofof C Commerce)ommerce)

PlacentiaPlacentiaSanta AnaSanta AnaStantonStantonTustinTustinVietnamese Vietnamese Yorba LindaYorba Linda

Supportive Elected OfficialsSupportive Elected OfficialsCities:Cities:

Government:Government:Senator Dianne FeinsteinSenator Dianne Feinstein

Ex-Congressman Christopher CoxEx-Congressman Christopher Cox

Congressman Edward Royce Congressman Edward Royce

Congresswoman Loretta SanchezCongresswoman Loretta Sanchez

Congressman Gary Miller Congressman Gary Miller

Former Congressman Ron PackardFormer Congressman Ron Packard

State Senator Dick Ackerman StateState Senator Dick Ackerman State

State Senator Joseph Dunn State Senator Joseph Dunn

Ex-State Senator Ross JohnsonEx-State Senator Ross Johnson

State Senator Bob MargettState Senator Bob Margett

State Senator Bill Morrow State Senator Bill Morrow

Assemblyman, now Supervisor Bill Assemblyman, now Supervisor Bill CampbellCampbell

Ex-Assemblywoman Pat BatesEx-Assemblywoman Pat Bates

Assemblyman Van TranAssemblyman Van Tran

State Senator John Campbell State Senator John Campbell

Assemblyman, now Supervisor Lou CorreaAssemblyman, now Supervisor Lou Correa

Assemblywoman Lynn DaucherAssemblywoman Lynn Daucher

Assemblyman Tom HarmanAssemblyman Tom Harman

Assemblyman Todd SpitzerAssemblyman Todd Spitzer

Orange County Board of Supervisors Orange County Board of Supervisors

Plus 35 Southern California water agencies & associations

AnaheimAnaheimBeverly HillsBeverly HillsBreaBreaBuena ParkBuena ParkBurbankBurbank

Costa MesaCosta MesaCypressCypressFountain Valley Fountain Valley FullertonFullertonHuntington BeachHuntington Beach

IrvineIrvineLa HabraLa HabraLa PalmaLa PalmaLos AlamitosLos AlamitosNewport BeachNewport Beach

OrangeOrangePlacentiaPlacentiaSan FernandoSan FernandoSanta AnaSanta AnaSanta MonicaSanta Monica

Seal BeachSeal BeachStanton Stanton TorranceTorranceTustinTustinVilla Park Villa Park WestminsterWestminster

National Health & Medical SupportersNational Health & Medical Supporters Dr. John BalbusDr. John Balbus, MD, Director, Environmental , MD, Director, Environmental

Health Program, Environmental Defense, and Health Program, Environmental Defense, and former Director, Center for Risk Sciences & former Director, Center for Risk Sciences & Public HealthPublic Health

Dr. Sanford BrownDr. Sanford Brown, MPH, PhD, Professor , MPH, PhD, Professor Emeritus, Department of Health Science, Emeritus, Department of Health Science, California State University FresnoCalifornia State University Fresno

Dr. Christine MoeDr. Christine Moe, PhD, Associate Professor , PhD, Associate Professor of Infectious Disease Epidemiology Emory of Infectious Disease Epidemiology Emory University School Public Health, University School Public Health, Environmental Epidemiologist Center for Environmental Epidemiologist Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Atlanta, Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Atlanta, GeorgiaGeorgia

Dr. David A. KalmanDr. David A. Kalman, PhD,. Professor & Chair, , PhD,. Professor & Chair, Department of Environmental & Occupational Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, Univ. of WashingtonHealth Sciences, Univ. of Washington

Dr. Chris J. WiantDr. Chris J. Wiant, MPH, PhD., President, , MPH, PhD., President, Caring for Colorado FoundationCaring for Colorado Foundation

Dr. Robert M. SoderstromDr. Robert M. Soderstrom, MD, Past Chairman, , MD, Past Chairman, Environmental Health Committees, Genesee Environmental Health Committees, Genesee County Medical Society & Michigan State County Medical Society & Michigan State Medical SocietyMedical Society

Dr. Ralph MorrisDr. Ralph Morris, MD, MPH, Public Health , MD, MPH, Public Health Preparedness Consultant, Minnesota Preparedness Consultant, Minnesota Department of Health and member of Department of Health and member of American Board of Preventive MedicineAmerican Board of Preventive Medicine

Dr. Kellogg SchwabDr. Kellogg Schwab, PhD, Center for Water , PhD, Center for Water and Health at Johns Hopkins Universityand Health at Johns Hopkins University

Dr. H. John BlossomDr. H. John Blossom, MD, Director, California , MD, Director, California Area Health Education Center, Professor of Area Health Education Center, Professor of Clinical Family and Community Medicine Clinical Family and Community Medicine UCSF, Department of Family and Community UCSF, Department of Family and Community MedicineMedicine

Dr. Joan RoseDr. Joan Rose, PhD, Howlin Chair for Water , PhD, Howlin Chair for Water Research, Michigan State UniversityResearch, Michigan State University

Dr. Stephen D. ArnoldDr. Stephen D. Arnold, PhD, Department of , PhD, Department of Health Science, New Mexico State UniversityHealth Science, New Mexico State University

Dr. Byron J. BaileyDr. Byron J. Bailey, MD, FACS, Past President, , MD, FACS, Past President, National Assoc. of Physicians for the National Assoc. of Physicians for the EnvironmentEnvironment

Dr. Lester BreslowDr. Lester Breslow, MD, MPH, Dean & , MD, MPH, Dean & Professor Emeritus, School of Public Health, Professor Emeritus, School of Public Health, UCLAUCLA

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GWR SystemGWR System12+ years in the making12+ years in the making

Mar. 95Mar. 95 Feasibility Study completedFeasibility Study completed

Sep. 97Sep. 97 Engineer’s Report completedEngineer’s Report completed

Mar. 99Mar. 99 EIR certifiedEIR certified

Aug. 00Aug. 00 Federal EIS recordedFederal EIS recorded

Mar. 01Mar. 01 Design authorizedDesign authorized

Apr. 04Apr. 04 AWPF contract awardedAWPF contract awarded

Sep. 07Sep. 07 Project goes on lineProject goes on line

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Besides the taxpayers, GWRS and other large Besides the taxpayers, GWRS and other large water projects require a multidisciplinary team.water projects require a multidisciplinary team.

EngineersEngineers Communications specialistsCommunications specialists HydrogeologistsHydrogeologists Environmental specialistsEnvironmental specialists Finance/accounting specialistsFinance/accounting specialists ChemistsChemists AttorneysAttorneys Operators & techniciansOperators & technicians Computer/database specialistsComputer/database specialists And othersAnd others

Questions/Discussion

Only source of new water Only source of new water is old water!is old water!