Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Redes Inalambricas
Citation preview
FU
ND
AM
EN
TOS
DE
RA
DIO
‣H'(P2%)<%+
)$'(.%("
$1%(%+
(Q%2/&(RQ&ST(+
G"%2*(1%()$)6*.(#*2(.%=<+1*?
‣P2%)<%+
)$'(0(H*+=$/<1(1%(*+1'(.*+($+L%2.'"
%+/%(#2*#*2)$*+'6%.?(A
%+*2%.(
92%)<%+
)$'.(R"'0*2%.(6*+=$/<1%.(1%(*+1'S(4%+
%+("
%-*2%.()'2')/%23.4)'.(1%(
#2*#'=')$>+(K<%(6'.(92%)<%+
)$'.("
:.('6/'.?
‣U%6*)$1'1(1%(6'(6<&(V(P2%)<%+
)$'(W(H*+=$/<1(1%(*+1'
‣!-%"
#6*X((7*"#'2'1*()*+(Y?Z[Q&\(<.'+1*(]^^AQ&(6'("
$."'(#'2%1
(#'2%)%2:(/%+%2(
.>6*(_`a(1%6(=2*.*2(2%6'4L*('(6'(6*+=$/<1(1%(*+1'.()*+(2%.#%)/*('(6'(#%2.#%)4L'(1%(6'(
*+1'?
@ 9
00
MH
z@
2.4
GH
z
P2%)<%+
)$'.("
:.(,'-'.(.*+(.$%"#2%("
%-*2%.(#'2'(%6(2%+
1$"
$%+/*(.$(6'(,'+1'(%.(
6$)%+
)$'1'(R)*"*(6'.()*"#'b$'.(1%()%6<6'2S?((C$+(%",'2=*\(.$(6'(,'+1'(%.(+*(
6$)%+
)$'1'\()<'6K<$%2'(#<%1
%(1%.#6%='2(%+
6')%.(K<%()*"#$/%+
(#*2(6'("
$."'(
92%)<%+
)$'\(6*(K<%()2%'(<+(%+/*2+*("
<0(2<$1*.*?((@*2(6*(/'+/*(6*=2'2(<+(%+6')%(
%./',6%(%+(<+(%+/*2+*(2<$1*.*(%.(<+(=2'+(1%.'c*?
":.
,'-'.
.*+.$%"
#2%
"%-*2%.#'2'%62%+1$"
$%
!"#$%&'(&)!((C%b'6%.(d(2<$1*(.%(#2*#'='+(
"%-*2(%+
(6'.(92%)<%+
)$'.("
:.(,'-'.
Frec
uen
cia
y pr
opag
ació
n
Opc
ion
es d
e fr
ecue
nci
asB
an
da
no
lic
en
cia
da
a n
ive
l m
un
dia
lE
n a
lgu
no
s lu
ga
res
de
uso
lib
reB
an
da
s li
cen
cia
da
s
e(]^^(A
Q&X(C$+(63+%'(1%(
L$./'\($1%'6(#'2'(6<='2%.(
2<2'6%.()*+(,'-'(
$+/%29%2%+
)$'?
e(a`_^([Q&X(H3+%'(1%(L$./'\(
6$)%+
)$'.(1%(,'-*()*./*\(
%+/*2+*.()*+(+$L%6(1%(
2<$1*()*+/2*6'1*\($1%'6(
#'2'(@/@(/2*+)'6%.\1%(LL$..//''\
/a`_^([[[[[QQQQ&X(HH3+%'(
%+)$'...(11%%(,,,''-*())**
/*2+*.()*+(+$L%6(11
e(Y?Z([Q&X(7<'.$(63+%'(1%(L$./'\(
.'/<2'1*(%+(&*+'.(<2,'+'.?
e(f?g([Q&X(H3+%'(1%(L$./'\(
<.'+1*("
<)5*(%+(/2*+)'6%.\(
":.(%.#%)/2*(1$.#*+$,6%?
Re
laci
ón
lin
ea
lE
xpre
sió
n e
n d
B
1:1
0d
B
2:1
+3
dB
4:1
+6
dB
10
:1+
10
dB
20
:1+
13
dB
10
0:1
+2
0d
B
10
00
:1+
30
dB
10
00
0:1
+4
0d
B
10
00
00
:1+
50
dB
Re
laci
ón
lin
ea
lE
xpre
sio
n e
n d
B
1:1
0d
B
1:2
-3d
B
1:4
-6d
B
1:1
0-1
0d
B
1:2
0-1
3d
B
1:1
00
-20
dB
1:1
00
0-3
0d
B
1:1
00
00
-40
dB
1:1
00
00
0-5
0d
B
Com
ien
zo d
el e
ntr
enam
ien
to: E
nte
ndi
endo
que
es “
dB”
‣H*.(N%)$,%6%.(R1hS(2%#2%.%+/'+(<+'(2%6')$>+(%M#*+%+
)$'6(1%6(1*"$+$*(6$+%'2?
‣i.'2(81h;(%+
(%6("
<+1*(1%6(EP(%.()*+L%+$%+/%(#*2K<%(#%2"$/%(%M#2%.'2(+G"%2*.(
Aid(=2'+1%.(*(%M/2%"'1'"
%+/%(#%K
<%b
*.?(C$+(6*.(1h(.%23'(A
id(1$j)$6(%M#2%.'2(%6(
1*"$+$*(6$+%'6?
n d
B!6(2'4
*(1%(_()*22%.#*+1%('(^1h"?
E%=6'(1%(a1h(1*,6'(6'(#*/%+)$'
1 1 1:
1:1
i+'(2%6')$>+(92'))$*+'6(2%#
2%.%+/'(
1%)$,%6%.(+%='4
L*.?((Oa1h(
2%#2%.%+/'(<+'(2%6')$>+(1%('(_`Y\(0(
O_^1h(2%#
2%.%+/'(_`_^
E%=6'(1%(6*.(_^1h("
<64#6$)'(#*2(_^(
6'(#*/%+)$'?
Ente
ndi
endo
los
dBm
‣N%)$,%6%.(R1hS(%.(<+'(2'&>+?((1h"(%.(<+(+G"%2*(2%'6(K<%(5')%(2%9%2%+)$'('(_"$66$k
'l?
‣1h"(.$=<%(%6("
$."*("
'#%*
(6*='23/"
$)*()*+(2%6')$>+('6(1*"$+$*(6$+%'6(K<%(6*.(1h?
Re
fere
nci
a a
1m
WE
xpre
sió
n d
B
1m
W0
dB
m
2m
W+
3d
Bm
4m
W+
6d
Bm
10
mW
+1
0d
Bm
20
mW
+1
3d
Bm
10
0m
W+
20
dB
m
10
00
mW
+3
0d
Bm
10
00
0m
W+
40
dB
m
10
00
00
mW
+5
0d
Bm
Re
fere
nci
a a
1m
WE
xpre
sió
n d
B
1m
W0
dB
m
1/2
mW
-3d
Bm
1/4
mW
-6d
Bm
1/1
0m
W-1
0d
Bm
1/2
0m
W-1
3d
Bm
1/1
00
mW
-20
dB
m
1/1
00
0m
W-3
0d
Bm
1/1
00
00
mW
-40
dB
m
1/1
00
00
0m
W-5
0d
Bm
PR
EG
UN
TA
: ¿C
uá
nto
s d
Bm
so
n 5
00
mW
? ¿y
0.0
02
mW
?
m m m m m m m
C*+(6'.("$."'.(2%=6'.(K<%(
%+(%6()'.*(1%(6*.(1h?((7'1'(
ma1h(.%(1<#6$)'?(C%(
"<64#6$)'(#*2(_^()*+(
$+)2%"
%+/*.(1%(m_^1h"?
C$+(%",'2=*\('5*2'(6'(
2%9%2%+)$'(%.(_"k(R<+(L'6*2(
2%'6S\(#*2(6*(/'+/*S('5*2'(6*.(
81h";(2%#2%.%+/'+(<+(L'6*2(
2%'6?
EIR
P (P
oten
cia
Isot
rópi
ca E
fect
ivam
ente
Irra
diad
a)
‣!IE@(%.(6'(#*/%+)$'(%9%)4L'"%+
/%($22'1$'1'('(/2'Lo.(1%6(%"$.*2\(
)*+.$1%2'+1*(6'(='+'+)$'(0(6'.(#o21$1'.?
‣!IE@(V(R#*1%2(%6(2'1$*S(m(R='+'+)$'(1%(6'('+/%+'S(O(R#o21$1'(1%(6*.()',6%.S
‣!6("
:M$"
*(!IE@(1%#
%+1%(1%(6'(2%=$>+(0(6'(,'+1'
@*/%+)$'(Dp(V(Yq(1h"(Rf^^"kS['+'+)$'(1%(6'('+/%+'(V(a^(1h$(R_^^^MS
!IE@(1%6(.$./%"'(R1h"S(V(rr(1h"
@o21$1'(1%6()',6%(V(a(1h"
!IE@(D*/'6
m(ss(1h"(R@
*/%+)$'(DMS
m(ss(1h$(R['+'+)$'(B+/%+'S
(O((((((1h"(R@
o21$1'(1%6(
)',6%S
(((ss(1h"(/*/'6
‣H'(P2%)<%+
)$'(.%("
$1%(%+
(Q%2/&(RQ&ST(+
G"%2*(1%()$)6*.(#*2(.%=<+1*?
‣P2%)<%+
)$'(0(H*+=$/<1(1%(*+1'(.*+($+L%2.'"
%+/%(#2*#*2)$*+'6%.?(A
%+*2%.(
92%)<%+
)$'.(R"'0*2%.(6*+=$/<1%.(1%(*+1'S(4%+
%+("
%-*2%.()'2')/%23.4)'.(1%(
#2*#'=')$>+(K<%(6'.(92%)<%+
)$'.("
:.('6/'.?
‣U%6*)$1'1(1%(6'(6<&(V(P2%)<%+
)$'(W(H*+=$/<1(1%(*+1'
‣!-%"
#6*X((7*"#'2'1*()*+(Y?Z[Q&\(<.'+1*(]^^AQ&(6'("
$."'(#'2%1
(#'2%)%2:(/%+%2(
.>6*(_`a(1%6(=2*.*2(2%6'4L*('(6'(6*+=$/<1(1%(*+1'.()*+(2%.#%)/*('(6'(#%2.#%)4L'(1%(6'(
*+1'?
@ 9
00
MH
z@
2.4
GH
z
P2%)<%+
)$'.("
:.(,'-'.(.*+(.$%"#2%("
%-*2%.(#'2'(%6(2%+
1$"
$%+/*(.$(6'(,'+1'(%.(
6$)%+
)$'1'(R)*"*(6'.()*"#'b$'.(1%()%6<6'2S?((C$+(%",'2=*\(.$(6'(,'+1'(%.(+*(
6$)%+
)$'1'\()<'6K<$%2'(#<%1
%(1%.#6%='2(%+
6')%.(K<%()*"#$/%+
(#*2(6'("
$."'(
92%)<%+
)$'\(6*(K<%()2%'(<+(%+/*2+*("
<0(2<$1*.*?((@*2(6*(/'+/*(6*=2'2(<+(%+6')%(
%./',6%(%+(<+(%+/*2+*(2<$1*.*(%.(<+(=2'+(1%.'c*?
":.
,'-'.
.*+.$%"
#2%
"%-*2%.#'2'%62%+1$"
$%
!"#$%&'(&)!((C%b'6%.(d(2<$1*(.%(#2*#'='+(
"%-*2(%+
(6'.(92%)<%+
)$'.("
:.(,'-'.
Frec
uen
cia
y pr
opag
ació
n
Sele
ctiv
idad
del
Rad
io 5.8
GH
z5
.3G
Hz
Señal
Emisor de interferencia R
ad
io c
on
BU
EN
A s
ele
ctiv
ida
d
Ra
dio
co
n M
AL
A s
ele
ctiv
ida
d
‣H'(C%+
.$,$6$1'1(1%j
+%()<'+(hBxB(#<%1
%(.%2(*31'(<+'(.%b'6?
‣H'(!&,&.A/"()((1%j
+%()<'+(hI!J(#<%1
%(<+(2'1$*(!C7i7QBE(
)<'+1*(5'0(2<$1*('10')%+/%?
‣@'2'(,'+1'.($+'6:"
,2$)'.(+*(6$)%+)$'1'.\(6'(C!H!7DIUINBN(%.(
92%)<%+
/%"%+
/%(H6>$J9<KFH6>HB()*"*(6'(.%+
.$,$6$1'1(1%(6*.(
2'1$*.?
H'(C%6%)4L$1'1(1%j
+%()<'+(,$%+(%6(
2%)%#/*2(#<%1
%(8j6/2'2;(6'(%+%2=3'(9<%2'(
1%6()'+'6?((@'2'(6'()*+=%.4*+'1'(,'+1'(
+*(6$)%+)$'1'\(%./*(%.(Aid($"
#*2/'+/%?
ANTENAS
Ente
ndi
endo
los
dBi
‣1h$(%.(6'(<+$1'1(<.'1'(#'2'(%M#2%.'2(6'(='+'+)$'(1%(6'.('+/%+'.?(Q
')%(
2%9%2%+)$'('(<+(2'1$'1*2($.*/2>#$)*()*+(<+'(%j
)$%+
)$'(1%6(_^^n(*(
8(%)$7%6%.(.*,2%(6'(2%9%2%+
)$'(".*/2>#$)';?
‣i+(2'1$'1*2($.*/2>#$)*()*+(%j)$%+
)$'(1%6(_^^n()*+.$./%(%+
(<+'(9<%+
/%(1%(
%+%2=3'(K<%(1$.#%2.'(%+(/*1'.(1$2%))$*+%.()*+(<+'(%j
)$%+
)$'(#%29%)/'(
R/*1*(6'(%+%2=3'(K<%(%+
/2'('(6'('+/%+'(%.($22'1$'1'S?
Áre
a is
otr
óp
ica/
un
idad
de
área
dB
i
1:1
0dB
i
10:1
10d
Bi
20:1
13d
Bi
40:1
16d
Bi
100:
120
dB
i
power
unit
area
Iso
tro
pic
are
a
R=
K
Áre
a is
otr
óp
i á 1
unit
unit
area
7<'+1*(6'(%+%2=3'(%.(%+9*)'1'('(%.'(:2%'\(6'(1%+
.$1'1(1%(6'(%+%2=3'(%.(
"<)5*("
:.('6/'?(!./*(2%#
2%.%+/'(6'(='+'+)$'?
Área
efe
ctiv
a y
Gana
ncia
de
la A
nten
a
30cm
60cm
90cm
Áre
a e
fect
iva
900cm
22826cm
26359cm
2
Ga
na
nci
a @
2.4
GH
z17dBi
22dBi
26dBi
Ga
na
nci
a @
3.5
GH
z19dBi
24dBi
28dBi
Ga
na
nci
a @
5.7
GH
z25dBi
30dBi
34dBi
‣H'(['+'+)$'(1%(6'(B+/%+'(%.($"
#*2/'+/%(#'2'(%+
6')%.(1%(6'2='(1$./'+)$'?(!+/2%(":.(
'6/'(6'(='+'+)$'("%-*2?
‣I+)2%"
%+/'2(%6(:2%'(%9%)4L'(1%(6'('+/%+'\($+)2%"
%+/'(6'(='+'+)$'?
‣P2%)<%+
)$'.("
:.(,'-'.(R{7>"*(%.(6'(6*+=$/<1(1%(*+1'rS\(2%K
<$%2%+(<+(:2%'(%9%)4L'(
"'0*2?
E�ci
enci
a y
Gana
ncia
de
la A
nten
a
H'(!j)$%+
)$'(1%(6'(B+/%+'(1%j
+%()<'+/'(1%(6'(%+%2=3'(K<%($+=2%.'('(6'('+/%+'(%.($22'1$'1'(
.$+(#o21$1'.?
!-%"
#6*X(({7>"*(#<%1
%(5',%2(<+'(='+'+)$'(1%('+/%+'(1%(Oa1h$()*+(2%.#%)/*('6(2'1$'1*2(
$.*/2>#$)*r
Siste
ma
de
A
nte
na
Pote
nci
a In
gre
saPo
ten
cia
Egre
sa (s
ólo
1/2
)
i+(E'1$'1*2(I.*/2>#$)*()*+(%j)$%+
)$'(#%29%)/'(
/%+123'(<+'(='+'+)$'(1%(^1h$?((C$(6'(='+'+)$'(1%(%./%(
2'1$'1*2($.*/2>#$)*(9<%.%(1%(Oa1h$\(.$=+$j)'23'(K<%(6'(
'+/%+'(%+
(.$("
$."'(4%+
%(<+'(%j
)$%+
)$'(1%(.*6*(%6(
f^n(R$?%?(.>6*($22'1$'(6'("
$/'1(1%(6'(%+%2=3'(K<%(6%(
66%='S?
Sist
ema
de
Pote
nci
aEg
resa
(só
l
H'(#*/%+)$'($22'1$'1'(%.(_`Y(ROa1h$S(1%(
6'(#*/%+)$'(K<%($+=2%.'?
Ra
dia
do
r Is
otr
óp
ico
i+'('+/%+'()*"#6%-'()*+(
<+'(%j
)$%+
)$'(.*,2%(f^n(%.(
+*/',6%?(
|H*.('$2A
'M(E*)v%/(N$.5%.(
4%+
%+(<+'(%j
)$%+
)$'(1%6(
q^n}
H'.(#o21$1'.(1%(%j
)$%+
)$'(
<.<'6"%+
/%(L$%+%+
(1%(6'.(
#o21$1'.(%+(6*.(%6%"
%+/*.(
1%6('22%=6*(1%(1$L$.$>+(1%(
#*1%2(%+('+/%+'.(1%('6/'(
='+'+)$'?
Prop
ieda
des d
e la
s Ant
enas
‣V"'&.."+#),"()((%.(%./<#%+
1'(#'2'(%+
6')%(
%M/%2$*2%.?((H'(N$2%))$*+'6$1'1('<"%+
/'(6'(='+'+)$'(
0(8j6/2';(6*.(2<$1*.?
‣H'(N$2%))$*+'6$1'1(1%#
%+1%(1%6(:2%'(%9%)4L'(1%(6'(
.<#%2j)$%(1%(6'('+/%+'?(B("
'0*2(/'"'b*\("
'0*2(%.(
6'(#*/%+)$'6$1'1(1%(6'(1$2%))$*+'6$1'1?
‣H'(N$2%))$*+'6$1'1(0(!j)$%+
)$'(1%(<+'('+/%+'(
1%/%2"$+'+(.<(W)#)#.")?
‣H*=2'2(6'(['+'+)$'(1%(6'('+/%+'($+L*6<)2'(9'.%.(
'1$4L'.(1%(6'.(*+1'.(%6o)/2$)'.?(B22%=6*.(1%(
B+/%+'.(0(6'('#%2/<2'(1%(6*.(2%~%)/*2%.(.*+(
)*"G+"%+
/%(<.'1*.(#'2'(6*=2'2(%./*?
Cara
cter
ísti
cas
de la
s A
nte
nas
i+'(6#-&#)$KC#"(%.()*"*(<+'(,*",$66'(1%(6<&?((
!"$/%(6'(%+%2=3'(1%("'+%2'(<+$9*2"
%(%+
("<)5'.(1$2%))$*+%.?
i+'(6#-&#)$V"*M(%.()*"*(<+(6:.%2?((�./'(
9*)'6$&'(/*1'(.<(%+%2=3'(%+
(<+'(G+$)'(1$2%))$>+
An
ten
a D
ish
An
ten
a O
MN
I
Un
plo
teo
po
lar
mu
estr
a la
ga
na
nci
a d
e la
an
ten
a v
s. á
ng
ulo
s.
2-&-&.(-#.0-/(#0&(5+$)%#%&#
*+'-/#"-/#'($%..(+&%/#"-*%$-"%/6
2-&-&.(-#3"*-)%&*%#
4($%..(+&-"
3'+#-$-+$7).=$F)A+(.%(1%j
+%()*"*(
6'(1$9%2%+
)$'(%+
/2%(6'(='+'+)$'(1%6(
6>,<6*(#2$+)$#'6(0(6'(#'2/%(/2'.%2'(
1%(6'('+/%+'?
i+'(,<%+
'('+/%+'(1%,
%(/%+%2(%6(
"3+$"
*(#*.$,6%(1%(='+'+)$'(
/2'.%2'\(#'2'(6*=2'2('6/*(
2%+1$"
$%+/*(%+(1%.#6$=<%.(1%('6/'(
1%+
.$1'1?
!"(&,+;&*$.*+(<+'()*+.%)<%+
)$'(1%(6'.(
9'.%.(1%(6'.(*+1'.('1$4L'.(%+
('+/%+'.(1%(
'6/'(='+'+)$'?(([
%+%2'6"%+
/%\(6'.(,<%+
'.(
'+/%+'.(1$2%)$)$*+'6%.(.*+(1$.%b
'1'.(
#'2'(/%+%2(6>,<6*.(6'/%2'6%.(1%(O_a1h(R*(
"%+
*.S()*+(2%.#%)/*('6(6>,<6*(#2$+)$#'6?
7&)CE"(-M(.%(1%j
+%()*"*(%6(
'+)5*(1*+1%(6'(%+%2=3'(.%(
%+)<%+
/2'(%+
/2%(%6(#%'v(0(Oa1h(
)*+(2%.#%)/*('6("
$."*?((@'2'(6'.(
'+/%+'.()'22$%2()6'..\((%6(
,%'"�$1/5(.%(1%j
+%()*+(
2%6')$>+('6(#<+/*(1*+1%(%6(
6>,<6*(4%+
%(Ot1h?
!-%"
#6*X(J
'+*h2$1=%(A
Y(B&$"</5
@*6'2(@6*/(RU$./'(H'/%2'6S
!6(<,+-&+$<+,)'$"<%./2'(6'(='+'+)$'(1%(6'('+/%+'()*"*(<+'(9<+)$>+(
1%(6*.(:+=<6*.?
Plot
eo P
olar
Tipo
s de
An
ten
as a
irM
ax
Dish
Grid
Sector
Omni
Panel
Fe
ed
RF
In
Re�
ec
tor
Ro
cket
Dis
h 5
G-3
0
H'.('+/%+'.(N$.5(*92%)%+
(6'("
'0*2(='+'+)$'(0(
1$2%))$*+'6$1'1\(#%2*(.*+(c.$)'"%+
/%("
:.(=2'+1%.?
!6('6$"
%+/'1*2(0(%6(2%~
%)/*2(%./:+(
<,$)'1*.(1%(/'6(9*2"
'(K<%(6'.(*+1'.(
2%~%-'1'.(%./o+
(%+(9'.%(0(.%('=2%='+(
#'2'(#2*1<)$2(='+'+)$'?
An
ten
a ti
po P
lato
H'.(=2$66'.(9<+)$*+'+()*"*(6'.('+/%+'.(1%(4#*(N$.5(0(*92%)%+
(<+'(
'6/'(1$2%))$*+'6$1'1?(C$+(%",'2=*\(.*6*(9<+)$*+'+(%+(<+'(
#*6'2$1'1?(B
(6'(L%&(.*+("
:.(%)*+>"$)'.(0("
%+*2(2%.$./%+
)$'('6(
L$%+
/*?
'...((===222$$$666666'''...((9999<<<+++)))$$$***+++
6/1$
$6$1
VP
ol
HPol
D5%(=2$1(2%~
%)/*2($.(*2$%+
/%1(
L%24)'660?((I/(�$66(2%~
%)/(�'L%.($+(
L%24)'6(#6'+%\(,</(+*/($+(/5%(
5*2$&*+/'6(#6'+%?
H'(=2$66'(2%~
%)/*2'(%./:(*2$%+
/'1'(
L%24)'6"
%+/%?(!./*(L'('(2%~%-'2(6'.(
*+1'.(%+(%6(#6'+*(/&'A.),\(#%2*(+*(
%+(%6(#6'+*(5*2$&*+/'6?
An
ten
a G
rilla
da
H'.('+/%+'.(1%(4#*(@'+%6(#<%1
%+(/%+
%2(<+'(2%+1$"
$%+/*(1%(
1$2%))$*+'6$1'1()'.$(/'+(,<%+
*()*"*(6'.(1$.5(0(=2$66'1'.\(#%2*(
+%)%.$/'+(1%("3+$"
*(%+.'",6'-%(0(4%+
%+(<+'('#'2$%+)$'("<)5*(
"%-*2?
H'.'+/%+'.
1%
H'.('+/%+'.(1%(@'+%6(
1$L$1%+
(6'(%+%2=3'(%+
("G64#6%.(
%6%"
%+/*.($22'1*2%.("%/:6$)*.(
*(1%(@7h\(6*.(K<%(.%()*",$+'+(
%+(9'.%(#'2'(1$2%))$*+'2(6'(
'+/%+'(0('<"%+
/'2(6'(
='+'+)$'?
An
ten
a de
Pan
el
H'.('+/%+'.(.%)/*2$'6%.(.*+(<.'1'.(%+(%./')$*+%.(,'.%.(#'2'()<,2$2(
<+'(=2'+(:2%'()*+(<+'(='+'+)$'(<+$9*2"
%?'+/%+'.
.
H'.(B+/%+'.(C%)/*2$'6%.(ihIuiIDI('$2A'M(
4%+
%+(%M)%6%+
/%.()'2')/%23.4)'.(1%(5'&(1%(
'+/%+'?(F92%)$%+1*(<+(%M)%6%+
/%(+$L%6(1%(
='+'+)$'(%+
(<+('"#6$*(:+=<6*(1%(
$22'1$')$>+()*+(<+'("3+$"
'(#o21$1'(1%(
%+%2=3'(0(.*+(.<#%2(%j)$%+
/%.(%+
('",'.(
#*6'2$1'1%.?
An
ten
a Se
ctor
ial
H'.(B+/%+'.(FAJI(.*+(<.'1'.(#'2'()<,2$2(<+(:2%'(%+
(at^�?(C*+($1%'6%.(#'2'(%./')$*+%.(
,'.%.(K<%(2%K<$%2%+(<+'(=2'+(&*+'(1%()*,%2/<2'()*+(6'("
3+$"
'()*"#6%-$1'1?((C$+(
%",'2=*\(o./'.('+/%+'.(+*(*92%)%+
(%.)'6',$6$1'1(0(+*(*92%)%+
(6*.(,%+
%j)$*.(1%(
$+"<+$1'1('6(2<$1*(K<%(*92%)%+
(6'.(%./')$*+%.(,'.%.("
:.(1$2%))$*+'6%.?
.FAJ
An
ten
a O
mn
i dir
ecci
onal
‣H'.(*+1'.(%6%)/2*"'=+o4
)'.(L$'-'+(1%(
"'+%2'()*+.$./%+
/%()*+(6'(#*6'2$&')$>+(1'1'?(
!6(<.*(1%(1$.4+/'.(#*6'2$1'1%.(%.(<+'(1%(6'.(
9*2"
'.(1%(1$9%2%+
)$'2(.%b
'6%.(%+(6'("
$."'(
92%)<%+
)$'?
Alim
enta
do
r Ver
tica
l
Alim
enta
do
r H
ori
zon
tal
‣!+
(%+/*2+*.(%M/%2$*2%.()*+(63+%'(1%(L$./'\(
1*+1%(+*(5'0("
<64#'/5(#'2'()2%'2(
1$9%2%+
)$')$>+(1%(.%b'6%.(%.#')$*`4%"
#*(
2%K<%2$1'(#'2'(%6(#2*)%.'"$%+/*(1%(.%b'6%.(
AIA
F?
‣C$+(%",'2=*\('6(<.'2(#*6'2$&')$>+('$.6'"*.(
6*.(~<-*.(1%(1'/*.(0(#2*L%%"
*.(
$+1%#
%+1%+
)$'(#'2'(%6(#2*)%.'"$%+/*(1%(
.%b'6%.(A
IAF?
H*.(#2*1<)/*.(ihIuiIDI('$2A'M(YMY(<.'+1*(
'+/%+'.(1%(1*,6%(#*6'2$1'1(#'2'(AIA
F?
Ve
rtic
all
y P
ola
rize
d
Ho
rizo
nta
lly
Po
lari
zed
Pola
riza
ción
de
la A
nte
na
Ren
dim
ien
to d
e en
lace
s P
tP d
e la
rga
dist
anci
a
Po
ten
cia
Tx
Se
nsi
bil
ida
d R
x
+28dBm
-103dBm
Ga
na
nci
a
An
ten
a
+34dbi
Ga
na
nci
a
An
ten
a
+34dbi
i+(<'&*8%8&*-+$(&$,)$<+-&#.")$(&,$B#,).&("
<%./2'(6'("
:M$"
'((
#o21$1'(#*2(/2'0%)/*2$'(K<%(<+(%+6')%(#<%1
%(/%+%2(R%./*(
1%/%2"$+'(6'(1$./'+)$'(1%6(%+6')%S?
@2%.<#<%./*(@*/%+)$'(B+/%+'((((((((((V(((((((((((((((((['+'+)$'(B+/%+'.(m(
@*/%+)$'(1%(DM(O(C%+
.$,$6$1'1(1%(EM
aZ1h$(m(aZ1h$(m(Yg1h"(m(_^a1h"
8@2%.<#<%./*(1%6(%+6')%;(V(TYY(7
En
el l
ad
o d
e t
ran
smis
ión
, la
po
ten
cia
Tx
y la
Ga
na
nci
a d
e la
An
ten
a d
e�
ne
n la
“in
ten
sid
ad
”
de
la s
eñ
al.
En
el l
ad
o d
el r
ece
pto
r, la
sen
sib
ilid
ad
Rx
y la
Ga
na
nci
a d
e la
An
ten
a d
e�
ne
n la
“ca
pa
cid
ad
pa
ra
esc
uch
ar”
de
l ra
dio
.
Des
plie
gue
y zo
na
Fres
nel
‣B6=<+'.(#*2)$*+%.(1%(6'(.%b
'6(/2'+."
$41'(#<%1
%+(.%2(2%~
%-'1'.(#*2(*,./2<))$*+%.('22$L'2('6(2%)%#
/*2(9<%2'(1%(9'.%?
‣N'1*(K<%(6*.(6'2=*.(1%(6'(/2'0%)/*2$'(.*+(1$.4+/*.\(6'(.%b
'6(9<%2'(1%(9'.%(#<%1
%()'+)%6'2(6'(*/2'(0(2%1<)$2(.<(+$L%6(1%(.%b'6?
‣H'(&*+'(P2%.+%6(1%j
+%(6'(2%=$>+(K<%(1%,
%(%./'2(6$,2%(1%(*,./:)<6*.(#'2'('.%=<2'2(K<%(+*(%M$./'+(2%~
%M$*+%.(.$=+$j)'4L'.(K<%(
66%=<%+
('6(2%)%#
/*2?(C>6*(6'(#2$"%2'(�*+'(P2%.+%6(%.(<+'(#2%*)<#')$>+(1%(6*.(%+
6')%.(@<+/*('(@<+/*(<.'+1*('$2A'M?
H'(8.%b'6(2%~
%-'1';(#<%1
%(66%='2(9<%2'(1%(
9'.%()*+(<+'(1$2%)/'(2%1
<))$>+(1%(6*.(+$L%6%.(
1%(.%b'6(2%)$,$1'.?
Ob
stru
cció
n e
n l
a z
on
a F
resn
el
Se
ña
l D
ire
cta
Re�
ex
ión
de
Se
ña
l
!)<')$>+(#'2'()'6)<6'2(6'(&*+'(P2%.+%6(0()<'6K<$%2(#<+/*(1%(%+
6')%
P+VD5%(+/5(P2%.+%6(�*+%
1_(V(1$./'+)%(*9(@(92*"(*+%(%+
1($+("
%/%2.
1Y(V(N$./'+)%(*9(@(92*"(*/5%2(%+1($+("
%/%2.
_(V(k
'L%6%+
=/5(*9(/5%(/2'+."
$l%1
(.$=+'6($+("
%/%2.
1%(6*.(%+
6')%.(@<+/*('(@<+/*(<.'+1*('$2A'M?
. ("%/%2.
!6(%.#')$*(+%)%.'2$*(#*2(6'(&*+'(P2%.+%6(
'<"%+
/'('("
%1$1'(K<%('<"%+
/'(6'(
6*+=$/<1(1%(*+1'?((!.(#*2(%./*\(K<%(6'.(
92%)<%+
)$'(":.(,'-'.(+%)%.$/'+(<+'(&*+'(
P2%.+%6("
:.('"#6$'?
H*.($+./'6'1*2%.(#<%1
%+(<.'2('$2H$+v(#'2'(
1%/%2"$+'2(.$()*+.%=<$2:+(6'(#2$"%2'(&*+'(P2%.+%6?
Crit
erio
s de
Sel
ecci
ón d
e Es
taci
ones
‣5+*-+Z$$H*.(1$.#*.$4L*.(L'23'+(%+()*./*(,'.'1*(%+(%6(/'"
'b*\(9*2"
'/*\(
#*/%+)$'(DM(0(1%#
%+1$%+1*(K<%(.*+(%K<$#*.(_M_(*(A
IAF(YMY?
‣F)#D+Z$$H*.(%K
<$#*.()*+('+/%+'.($+/%=2'1'.(4%+
%+(1$9%2%+
/%.(2'+=*.(
1%#
%+1$%+1*(1%(6'(='+'+)$'(1%(6'('+/%+'(0(#*/%+)$'(DM?
‣HM'+8DM%8-Z$$H*.(1$.#*.$4L*.(%./:+(1$.#*+$,6%.(/'+/*(%+(_M_(R_(/2'+."
$.*2(0(_(
2%)%#/*2(O(CICF
S()*"*(%+(YMY(RY(/2'+."
$.*2(0(Y(2%)%#
/*2(O(AIA
FS?((H*.(
1$.#*.$4L*.(AIA
F(YMY(#<%1
%+(6*=2'2(%6(1*,6%(1%(#%29*2"
'+)%(K<%(6*.(
%K<$#*.(_M_?
‣V"'&.."+#),"()($1$H)C)[+$(&$,)$6#-&#)Z$$B+/%+'.(1%("'0*2(='+'+)$'`
1$2%))$*+'6$1'1(/%+
12:+()*"*(2%.<6/'1*(.%b
'6%.("
:.(9<%2/%.(0("'0*2(
$+"<+$1'1('6(2<$1*?
‣‣55++
##*
11*
<$#*._
+(%%+())**..//**(,,'..''11
*\(9*2222"""
'''///*
Y**\(
