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January20,2017©2017PurdueCenterforCommercialAgriculture
ReducingCropProductionCosts:FocusonFertility
JimCamberato,ProfessorofAgronomy&SoilFertilitySpecialist
MichaelLangemeier,Professor&AssociateDirector
JamesMintert,Professor&Director
January20,2017©2017PurdueCenterforCommercialAgriculture
$393$422 $427
$565
$619
$575
$628
$729$755 $740 $740
$672 $683$663 $650
$367
$435
$601$624
$581
$728
$794$824
$769
$657
$603 $616 $598 $608$634
$350
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2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
EstimatedRevenueandCosts/Acreona50/50Corn/SoybeanFarmonAverageQualityIndianaLand
Cost/Acre Revenue
January20,2017©2017PurdueCenterforCommercialAgriculture
(VariableCost+FixedCost)÷ Yield=TotalCostperBu.
Reducecostby:1. Reducingvariablecostwithoutimpactingyield
2. Reducingfixedcost(lowersfixedcostperbushel)
3. Improvingyieldwithoutincreasingvariableorfixedcost
January20,2017©2017PurdueCenterforCommercialAgriculture
Top6CostCategoriesforCornandSoybeans$PerBushel, AverageProductivityIndiana Farmland
CostCategory RotationCorn RotationSoybeans
Land(Fixed) $1.14 $3.73
Machinery(Variable&Fixed) $0.80 $2.42
Seed(Variable) $0.71 $1.38
Fertilizer(Variable) $0.64 $0.77
Pesticides(Variable) $0.32 $0.90
Labor (Fixed) $0.24 $0.79
Sub-Total $3.85 $10.00
TotalCostperBushel $4.40 $10.88
January20,2017©2017PurdueCenterforCommercialAgriculture
MaximizeefficiencyofNapplication
1. ApplyasmuchofthetotalNin-seasonaspossible,preferablybetweengrowthstagesV3andV7
2. Ifusingpre-plantanhydrousammoniaaimfor10-14daysbeforeplantingandensurethedepthofapplicationis7-8inchesorprecisionplacebetweenwheretherowswillbe
January20,2017©2017PurdueCenterforCommercialAgriculture
MaximizeefficiencyofNapplication
3. InjectedbandsofUAN(28-32%)arelesspronetoNlossthanbroadcastUAN
4. Donotleaveureaorurea-containingNfertilizersonthesoilsurface
5. AdjusttherateofapplicationbasedoncostofNandanticipatedvalueofgrain
January20,2017©2017PurdueCenterforCommercialAgriculture
©PurdueUniv
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Grainyield(bu/ac)
TotalappliedNfertilizer(lbs N/ac)
YieldresponsetoNisnotastraightline
January20,2017©2017PurdueCenterforCommercialAgriculture
©PurdueUniv
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Grainyield(bu/ac)
TotalappliedNfertilizer(lbs N/ac)
Optimumfertilizationrateoccurshere
January20,2017©2017PurdueCenterforCommercialAgriculture
©PurdueUniv
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Grainyield(bu/ac)
TotalappliedNfertilizer(lbs N/ac)
YieldresponsetoNstopsbeyondtheagronomicoptimumNrate
YieldusuallyplateausatsomeNrate
January20,2017©2017PurdueCenterforCommercialAgriculture
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0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Lossto
maxim
umprofit
($/ac)
Grainyield(bu/ac)
TotalappliedN(lbs/ac)
Actualyields
Est.yld
Losstomax.profit
January20,2017©2017PurdueCenterforCommercialAgriculture
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Lossto
maxim
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profit($/ac)
Grainyield(bu/ac)
TotalappliedN(lbs/ac)
Actualyields
Est.yld
Losstomax.profit
AONR=227lb N/aEONR=200lb N/a
January20,2017©2017PurdueCenterforCommercialAgriculture
OptimalNitrogenratesvarybyregionandpredominantsoiltypesinthoseregions
January20,2017©2017PurdueCenterforCommercialAgriculture
Nraterecommendations
https://www.agry.purdue.edu/ext/corn/news/timeless/NitrogenMgmt.pdf
January20,2017©2017PurdueCenterforCommercialAgriculture
https://www.agry.purdue.edu/ext/corn/news/timeless/NitrogenMgmt.pdf
January20,2017©2017PurdueCenterforCommercialAgriculture
UsetheCornNitrogenRateCalculator…http://cnrc.agron.iastate.edu
January20,2017©2017PurdueCenterforCommercialAgriculture
Phosphorusandpotassiumfertilization
•Build-up,maintain,drawdownphilosophyofPandKfertilizationbasedonsoiltestingwasbuiltaroundsoilfertilitystewardship,landownershiporlong-termrenting,minimizingriskofyieldloss
January20,2017©2017PurdueCenterforCommercialAgriculture
15 3040
SoiltestP(ppm)associatedwithlimitsforcornandsoybeans
January20,2017©2017PurdueCenterforCommercialAgriculture
Traditionalrecommendation
Lessthancropremoval
January20,2017©2017PurdueCenterforCommercialAgriculture
Traditionalrecommendation
Cropremoval
January20,2017©2017PurdueCenterforCommercialAgriculture
Traditionalrecommendation
Cropremoval+¼amt.tobuild-upsoiltocriticallevel
January20,2017©2017PurdueCenterforCommercialAgriculture
Traditionalrecommendation– 200bu/a
75
lb P2O5/a
125
January20,2017©2017PurdueCenterforCommercialAgriculture
15 3040
Likelihoodandmagnitudeofprofittofertilizerappliedinaseason
January20,2017©2017PurdueCenterforCommercialAgriculture
Alternativefertilizerrecommendation
~45lb P2O5/a
~90
January20,2017©2017PurdueCenterforCommercialAgriculture
Phosphorusdrawdownisslow
• Expect1ppmdecreaseinsoiltestper20lb P2O5removedinexcessofapplication
• Forexample:
• 200bu/acrecorngrownremoving75lb P2O5 peracre
• ExpecteddecreaseinsoiltestPisabout4ppm
January20,2017©2017PurdueCenterforCommercialAgriculture
75+2.5CEC +30 +50
Soil test K levels (ppm) associated with limits
January20,2017©2017PurdueCenterforCommercialAgriculture
Alternativefertilizerrecommendation
~50lb K2O/a
~100
January20,2017©2017PurdueCenterforCommercialAgriculture
PotassiumdrawdownisnotasslowasP
1. Expect1ppmdecreaseinsoiltestper6lb K2Oremovedinexcessofapplication
2. Forexample:
200bu/acrecorngrownremoving55lb K2Operacre
3. ExpecteddecreaseinsoiltestKisabout9ppm
January20,2017©2017PurdueCenterforCommercialAgriculture
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