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Chad ElstadChief Shooter
Reducing Player Barrierswith Accessible Design
Wrote first game at the age of 9 on an Apple ][
22 years of professional enterprise experience
Technical LeadDriver for Technology Change for ~200 developers
Focus on UX/CX, Usability and Accessibility
IntroductionWho the heck am I?
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My son, age 7
AKA: The Pikachu Kid
AKA: PikaBren
FKA: Brendan
DisabilitiesAutismADHDAnxietyDysgraphia
Journey So FarWho doesn’t like an adventure?
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Stupid
Dumb
Worthless
Crippled
Bad
Horrible
Failure
Names We Call OurselvesNegative Identity
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Reality BitesI mean really
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Please hold questions until prompted, or email/tweet me
Presentation Onlinehttp://bit.ly/2pSpL7W
Contact InformationTake a Business card or
@cjadelstad
Resources Slides
HousekeepingFluff your pillow?
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Design
Defining Success
Disabilities DiscourseMedicalNeurologicalPsychologicalAuditoryCognitiveMobilityVisual
Developer Exercises
AgendaI’ve got a plan, Stan
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Inclusive DesignMake things work for people, including those with disabilities.
Universal DesignSimilar to Inclusive Design, but carries connotation that it must work for everyone in the universe.
AccessibilityMake sure things work for those with clinically recognized disabilities.
Inclusive Design is the means (and more), Accessibility is the ends.
Design Du JourWha, huh?
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It is difficult to make a game 100% accessible.
Some games cannot be made very accessible?Not an excuse not to try.
The majority of games can be very accessible with not too much effort.
iOS games are likely 80% of the way there if you allow OS tools to work
Your games should be as accessible as you can make them.
Thinking inclusively from planning through production will open you to a wider market. That means more, and happier players.
Design TruthsThese are the hard truths
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Key indicators:Total Downloads
Total Active Players
Total Play Time (of a player)
Definitions of SuccessIndie gamers
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20% of gamers worldwide have some form of disability. (source: PopGap 2008)
Will only increase with aging Baby boomers and First “Gamerationals” hitting middle age (ie: Space Invader Generation)
Study determined that 57% of computer users are likely or very likely to benefit from the use of accessible technology. (Source: Forrester Research, Inc. 2003)
Game Accessibility.com, “Mobile devices, disabled gamers and more at GDC 2016”
Supply and Demand
Hungry Market
Early Adopter RewardMobile saturation
Top dogs take pie
Not Rocket ScienceThis is Rocket Science
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Accessibility may Feel Like a PuzzleBut once solved is easy
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According to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), a disability is “a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities.”
Disabilities highlight barriers to access when they are introduced into places and events.
Temporary injuries/disabilities
Define TermsDisability
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Incoming Information AlertDon’t forget to breathe
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Categories of NoteMedical
Neurological
Psychological
Typical CategoriesAuditory
Cognitive
Mobility
Visual
Disability ClassificationsCategories
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Medical disabilities can cause restricted endurance, attention, or mobility, various levels of pain, and fatigue.
Typical symptoms include shortness of breath, low endurance in activity or sitting, or sudden weakness or pain. Medical impairments can be caused by musculoskeletal injuries, cardiovascular conditions, respiratory illnesses, immune system disorders, and digestive tract problems.
ExamplesAllergies, Asthma, Cancer, Cerebral Palsy, Crohn’s Disease, Cystic Fibrosis, Epilepsy, Fibromyalgia, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Lupus, Migraine Headaches, Multiple Sclerosis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Sickle Cell Anemia, Spina bifida, Ulcerative Colitis, RSI (Repetitive Stress Injury), also called Cumulative Trauma Disorder (CTD), and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)
MedicalNot typically covered
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* Information from Indiana University. Please see link in reference section.
Neurological disabilities can cause restricted sensory perceptions, mental processes, or motor functions.
ExamplesTypical symptoms include paralysis, tremors, memory loss, and cognitive malfunctions.
Neurological impairments can be caused by genetic disorders affecting the brain or nervous system such as muscular dystrophy, degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, and seizure disorders such as epilepsy.
NeurologicalNot typically covered
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* Information from Indiana University. Please see link in reference section.
Psychological disabilities can cause impaired intellectual processes, decision rationale, emotional maturity, or perception of reality.
ExamplesTypical symptoms include extreme emotional states or sudden outbursts, inability to comprehend information, mental disconnection from immediate circumstances, or violent acts toward self or others.
Psychological impairments can be caused by poor mental health, emotional disorders, addiction disorders, and bipolar disorders.
PsychologicalNot typically covered
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* Information from Indiana University. Please see link in reference section.
Provide details of accessibility in packaging/website/Steam/etc
Contact Accessibility review sitesAbleGamers, D.A.G.E.R System, Game Accessibility, Unstoppablegamer and many more.
Include people with impairments in your play testingAudyssey, Audiogames and Applevis
Ensure all settings can be saved/remembered
Allow Difficulty level to be changed
Include assist modes such as auto-aim and assisted steering
Provide Auto/Manual save features
Provide means to skip gameplay elements that are not core mechanics
Supporting Screen Readers is a very cost effective technique
General BoostsPower level your games
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Auditory disabilities can cause partial or total inability to perceive sounds and access audio-based information presented in media.
Symptoms include total deafness or varying degrees of hearing loss.
Auditory impairments can be caused by inner-ear nerve malformation or damage, neurological disorders, or physical trauma to the brain.
AuditoryDefinition
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* Information from Indiana University. Please see link in reference section.
Video content with no captioning
Audio content or signals with no captioning
Background Noises too loud
Very complex and/or obscure language
AuditoryChallenges
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Make sure you are handling all issues from Challenges slide
Visible alerts that accompany any audio alerts
Closed Captions / SubtitlesA visual text view of audio in a sound byte or video clip
For hearing impaired as well as non-native speakers
Speech-To-Text systemVoice Recognition system useful for text entry, command entry, especially for those with hearing impairment, and motor impairments.
Allow sounds to be turned offHigh anxiety, and cognitive disabilities may be overwhelmed
AuditorySolutions
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AuditoryFail
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Mario Kart 8Lack of Sound Controls
BonusElder Scrolls Online – lack of text chat
Cognitive disabilities can cause loss of memory, reduced attention span, restricted intellectual development, underdeveloped maturity and judgment, or limited of problem-solving and logic skills.
Typical symptoms include forgetfulness, extreme emotional changes, intellectual underdevelopment, and inappropriate decisions.
Cognitive impairments can be caused by developmental disabilities and learning disabilities.
ExamplesADHD, Autism, Dyslexia, hyper/hypo-sensitivity with senses
CognitiveDefinition
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* Information from Indiana University. Please see link in reference section.
This is what Cognitive disabilities can feel like.CognitiveChallenges
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Using Wide columns of text or large blocks of text
Justified text or text that has uneven gaps between words
Pure white page backgrounds (Dyslexia)
Text Styles featuring Serifs – ie: Times New Roman
Italic Text or very small text
Moving or flickering images/effects
Requiring quick response
Insufficient instructions on how to use functionality
CognitiveChallenges
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Make sure you are handling all issues from Challenges slide
Minimize load on Working MemoryInclude Icon with TextMinimize word count on labels - 1-2 words
Simplify Tasks (single/smallest function)
Allow user to undo mistakes
Organize interfaces to minimize error
Reminder System (alert user of important items on a schedule)
Slow Game Time
Do not limit time for reading or actions
Use Affordances
CognitiveSolutions
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“A situation where an object’s sensory characteristics intuitively imply its functionality and use.” — Crowdcube
CognitiveAffordance
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CognitiveAffordance Fails
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Laundry Instructions
CognitiveFail
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Steep (UbiSoft)Account Setup NightmareRestrictive/Forced Training MissionsPoor Menu SystemUnskippableContent
BonusFor Honor – lack of control remap
Mobile disabilities can cause difficulty with, or inability to use, the hands, feet, arms, or legs.
Typical symptoms include tremors, muscle slowness, loss of fine muscle control, or paralysis.
These impairments can be caused by conditions such as Parkinson's Disease, muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy, or stroke.
MobilityDefinition
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* Information from Indiana University. Please see link in reference section.
Functionality cannot be operated by Adaptive controls
Not allowing control remapping
Small Target Area
Absence of Visual Links
Requiring quick responses
Not being able to scan through sets of options quickly or automatically
MobilityChallenges
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Make sure you are handling all issues from Challenges slide
Control Remapping (Rewired, Incontrol, cInput, Fbinput Unity Assets)
Sensitivity Controls
Slow Time
Variety of Difficulty Levels
Simplify Controls/Co-locationAt least provide option to simplify controlsDo not require multiple, simultaneous actionsAllow on-screen interfaces to be re-arranged
Adaptive controlsHead-Mounted input devices/Eye-TrackingMouth-StickBlow-Suck TubeTongue Activated JoystickTrack Balls
Sticky/Slow Keys
Voice Recognition Software
On-Screen Keyboards
MobilitySolutions
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MobilityFail
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Zelda Breath of the WildShrines: Require very precise and unique movements
Lack of alternative controls
MobilityFail
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Freebie
Visual disabilities can cause an inability to see objects, perceive light or color, correctly judge distances, or access information in visual media like print, images, or video.
Typical vision symptoms include total blindness, low vision, and color blindness.
These impairments can be caused by genetic disorders such as retinitis pigmentosa, degenerative diseases like macular degeneration, or physical damage to the eye or brain.
VisualDefinition
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* Information from Indiana University. Please see link in reference section.
Color BlindnessExamples
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Normal Achromatopsia (Monocromacy)Protanomoly (Red Weak)
Deuteranopia (Green Blind) Protanopia (Red Blind) Tritanopia (Blue Blind)
Consistent layout and flows
Fixed Height text that cannot be resized
Poorly Worded Text
Semantically connected items too far apart (label/data)
Insufficient color contrast
Busy backgrounds
Use color ONLY to convey meaning
Lack of audio feedback
Flashing content can cause seizures
Visual Challenges
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21:1
8.6:1
7:1
4.5:1
4:1
3:1
2:1
1.37:1
1:1
Visual Color Contrast Ratio
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This is 7:1 example text
This is 4.5:1 example text
This is 3:1 example text
This is 2:1 example text
This is 1:1 example text
This is 21:1 example text
This is 3:1 example text
This is 2:1 example text
This is 1:1 example text
This is 4:1 example text
This is 1.37:1 example text
This is 1:1 example text
This is 8.6:1 example text
AAA
AA
Normal Text 16px
Large Text 18pt
Large Text 14pt (Bold)
Make sure you are handling all issues from Challenges slide
Use easy to read fonts/size (or allow option)
Avoid any difference between controller movement and camera movement (or allow option)
Provide High color contrast (or allow option)
Clear indication for interacted objects
Allow interfaces to be resized/re-arranged
Ensure sound cues are distinctive
Ensure Screen Reader support (Tolk)
Google TalkBack and iOS VoiceOver
Explore By Touch
UAP (Unity UI Accessibility Plugin) – Released 5/3/17
VisualSolutions
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VisualSurprise: Blind users have interface conventions, too!
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Mobile accessibility conventions established by Apple
VoiceOver has set the gold standard
Blind users are already using an interface to start your app.
If you follow the same convention(s) as the OS, you won't even need instructions
Notice conventions use single swipe for navigation
iOS VoiceOver Gesture Reference
VisualFail
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Walking Dead (Telltale)Small Text and icons for dialog options renders captioning useless
Not enough Time
Requires Button Mashing
BonusMass Effect: Andromeda – text size
Achievement Unlocked!We Made It
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Imagine you have a difficult time reaching certain keys.
Are there any keys your game absolutely needs?
What if it was tiring pushing the same button repeatedly?
What if you had to use your face, mouth, chin or feet to push the buttons…
Play a game using a stylus
Developer ExerciseRemappable Controls
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Take the current setup of your default UI. If you were someone who fatigues easily, would you be forced to move the cursor to opposite sides of the screen repeatedly to access commonly used game features?
What if you could not use the shortcuts and you could only use the mouse or thumbstick?
If you’re forced to move the cursor all over the UI, it's highly possible those with disabilities that suffer from fatigue will be unable to play your game for any length of time.
Consider allowing key elements of the screen to be positioned wherever the easiest for the disabled gamer.
Developer ExerciseUI Setup
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Take a look at the game you are working on now.
Would you be able to play your game if it were played on a black and white display?
Take some screenshots and see how a person who has a color deficiency sees your game.
http://www.color-blindness.com/coblis-color-blindness-simulator/
Developer ExerciseColor Blindness
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Try playing your game using only a mouse? Is it possible?
What about using just a keyboard?
How about with one handed?Right or left hand?
Could your game be made more fun or less frustrating?
Developer ExerciseLimited/Simplified Controls
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Proverbial Fork in the RoadWhich Path will you take?
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My choicePikaBren
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http://AbleGamers.orgIncludification PDF
http://GameAccessibilityGuidelines.com/
Indiana Universityhttps://accessibility.iu.edu/understanding-accessibility/types-of-disabilities.html
Excellent Article (Myths About Visually Impaired Users)http://mattgemmell.com/accessibility-for-iphone-and-ipad-apps/
Screen Reader Gesture Cheat sheetshttp://www.interactiveaccessibility.com/blog/mobile-screen-reader-gestures#.WQiN9_nyuUk
Thomas Westin used to curate a list of toolshttp://web.archive.org/web/20150217234039/http://gameaccessibilitycode.com:80/?
New Xbox API’shttps://channel9.msdn.com/Events/GDC/GDC-2017/GDC2017-009
Crafting Kingdomhttps://itunes.apple.com/us/app/crafting-kingdom/id1190611967?ls=1&mt=8https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.MetalPop.CraftingKingdom
ResourcesAll your resources are belong to us
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ToolsColor Blindness Simulator
http://www.color-blindness.com/coblis-color-blindness-simulator/
Color Contrast Checkerhttp://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker/
Color Oracle is a free color blindness simulator for Window, Mac and Linux (Executable)
http://colororacle.org/
Tolk (Screen Reader Abstraction Library)Control Remappers (Rewired, Incontrol, cInput, Fbinput Unity Assets)Easy Subtitles And Closed Captions System (Unity Asset)Unity UI Accessibility Plugin (Unity Asset released 5/3/17)
http://metalpopgames.com/assetstore/accessibility/doc/SupportAndRoadmap.html
ResourcesAll your tools are belong to us
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