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7/28/2019 Reep Lights
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Energy Efficiency in ArtificialEnergy Efficiency in Artificial
lighting systemlighting system
Pradeep KumarPradeep KumarSenior Fellow & Associate DirectorSenior Fellow & Associate Director
TERITERI
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Interior lightingInterior lighting
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Conventional Indoor Lighting DesignConventional Indoor Lighting Design
2. Fixture layout2. Fixture layout
1. Luminaire type1. Luminaire type
3. Connected lighting load (kW)3. Connected lighting load (kW)
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Energy Efficient Indoor Lighting DesignEnergy Efficient Indoor Lighting Design
2. Lighting design efficiency2. Lighting design efficiency
1. Lighting1. Lighting
levels /Visuallevels /Visual
comfortcomfort
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Adequate visual comfortAdequate visual comfort
National Building Code of India 2005 : Part 8National Building Code of India 2005 : Part 8 Section 1Section 1 Table 4Table 4
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Impact of lighting levels on lighting loadImpact of lighting levels on lighting load
300
6.232
500
10.414
750
15.58
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
1 2 3
With every increase of lighting level by 10With every increase of lighting level by 10 luxlux lighting loadlighting load
increases by 3.5%increases by 3.5%
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Lighting power density (LPDLighting power density (LPD))
LPD = Total connected load of a space/floor area of the spaceLPD = Total connected load of a space/floor area of the space
LPD = Total connected load of lighting system/total builtLPD = Total connected load of lighting system/total built--up areaup area
Building TypeBuilding Type :: OfficeOffice
Total builtTotal built--up areaup area :: 3000 m3000 m22
Total interior lighting loadTotal interior lighting load :: 51 kW51 kW
LPDLPD :: 51*1000/3000 = 17 W/m51*1000/3000 = 17 W/m22
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ECBC Recommended LPD for buildingsECBC Recommended LPD for buildings
15.1Workshop12.9Motion Picture Theater
8.6Warehouse10.8Motel
10.8Transportation14.0Manufacturing Facility11.8Sports Arena14.0Library
12.9School/University10.8Hotel
16.1Retail/Mall12.9Hospital/Health Care
14.0Religious Building10.8Healthcare-Clinic
11.8Post Office/Town Hall11.8Gymnasium
10.8Police/Fire Station10.8Dormitory/Hostel
17.2Performing Arts
Theatre
17.2Dining: Family
3.2Parking Garage15.1Dining: Cafeteria/Fast Food
10.8Office14.0Dining: Bar Lounge/Leisure
11.8Museum12.9Convention Center
7.5Multifamily Residential9.7Automotive Facility
LPD (W/m2)Building Area TypeLPD (W/m2)Building Area Type
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Energy Efficient Interior Lighting SystemEnergy Efficient Interior Lighting System
Average lighting levels shall not be less than 300Average lighting levels shall not be less than 300 luxlux
LPD shall not be more than 10.8 W/mLPD shall not be more than 10.8 W/m22
17.2Performing Arts Theatre
3.2Parking Garage
10.8Office
11.8Museum
7.5Multifamily Residential
LPD (W/m2)Building Area Type
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Exterior or outdoor lightingExterior or outdoor lighting
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StreetStreet Lighting/Security LightingLighting/Security Lighting
High Pressure Sodium
Vapour (HPI)
High Pressure Metal Halide
(MH)
High Pressure Ceramic
Discharge Metal Halide
(CDM)
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Driveway lightingDriveway lighting
High Pressure Sodium
Vapour (HPI)
High Pressure Metal Halide
(MH)
High Pressure Ceramic
Discharge Metal Halide
(CDM)
Compact Fluorescent Lamps
(CFL)
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Garden LightingGarden Lighting
High Pressure Sodium
Vapour (HPI)
High Pressure Metal Halide
(MH)
High Pressure Ceramic
Discharge Metal Halide
(CDM)
Compact Fluorescent Lamps
(CFL)
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ParkingParking LightingLighting
High Pressure Sodium
Vapour (HPI)
High Pressure Metal Halide
(MH)
Fluorescent Lamps (TL)
Compact Fluorescent Lamps
(CFL)
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Solar energy based external lightingSolar energy based external lighting
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Luminous Efficacy of the lamp
Luminous Efficacy : 900/(13+5) = 50 lm/WLuminous Efficacy : 900/(13+5) = 50 lm/W
5 W
13 W
18 W
900 lm
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Luminous Efficacy of TLD with HPFLuminous Efficacy of TLD with HPF
15 W
36 W
51 W
2450lm
Luminous Efficacy : 2450/(36+15) = 48 lm/WLuminous Efficacy : 2450/(36+15) = 48 lm/W
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ByeBye--law 3.1.1 (C): Energy Efficiency inlaw 3.1.1 (C): Energy Efficiency in
Artificial LightingArtificial Lighting
Interior LightingInterior Lighting
For all types of building
The installed interior lighting power shall not exceed the LPD
(lighting power density) value as recommended by ECBC 2007
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ByeBye--law 3.1.1 (C): Energy Efficiency inlaw 3.1.1 (C): Energy Efficiency in
Artificial LightingArtificial Lighting
Exterior LightingExterior Lighting
Commercial & Multi-Storey Residential Complexes
Lamps External lighting sources should have luminous efficacies as per the table given
below
15% of the total external lighting load shall be met from renewable
energy sources (solar, wind, biomass, fuel-cells and so on)
90High Pressure Sodium Vapour Lamps
75Metal Halide Lamps
75Fluorescent Lamps
50LEDs (light emitting diodes)
50CFLs (compact fluorescent lamps)
Minimum allowable luminous
efficacy (lm/W)Light Source
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Energy Efficiency in HVAC systemEnergy Efficiency in HVAC system
Pradeep KumarPradeep KumarSenior Fellow & Associate DirectorSenior Fellow & Associate Director
TERITERI
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Room conditionsRoom conditions
2929--323200C / 70%C / 70%
Cooling energy demandCooling energy demand
9~35 W/m9~35 W/m22
Cooing energy performance indexCooing energy performance index
15~70 kWh/m15~70 kWh/m22--yryr
NonNon--Air conditioned BuildingsAir conditioned Buildings
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Room conditionsRoom conditions
2323--262600C /C / 60%60%
Cooling energy demandCooling energy demand
60~80 W/m60~80 W/m22
Cooing energy performance indexCooing energy performance index
120~160 kWh/m120~160 kWh/m22--yryr
Air conditioned BuildingsAir conditioned Buildings
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200 kWh/m200 kWh/m22--yryr
120 kWh/m120 kWh/m22--yryr
20 kWh/m20 kWh/m22
--yryr
Trends in HVAC system designTrends in HVAC system design
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Room conditionsRoom conditions
2626--282800C /C / 70%70%
Room conditionsRoom conditions
2323--262600C /C / 60%60%
Cooling energy indexCooling energy index
20 kWh/m20 kWh/m22--yryr
Cooling energy indexCooling energy index
120 kWh/m120 kWh/m22--yryr
Challenges in cooling system designChallenges in cooling system design
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Sustainable cooling systemSustainable cooling system
Adequate thermal comfort
Reduced energy demand
Use renewable energy sources
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Major Steps in HVAC designMajor Steps in HVAC design
Load estimation
Controls/Heat recovery/Hybrid systems
Selection of equipment
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Outdoor Design ConditionsOutdoor Design Conditions
Developed based on climatic data
In India specified by National Building Code Part 8/Section 3
24.738.023.739.523.440.7Patna
19.233.119.634.019.534.7Bangalore
23.641.423.942.623.643.8Nagpur
24.539.324.840.824.242.0Lucknow
23.541.322.942.523.043.9Gwalior
21.339.321.740.522.041.7Bhopal
2.0%1.0%0.4%
Cooling DB/MCWBStation
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Outdoor Design Conditions ImpactOutdoor Design Conditions Impact
3.60%492.8NBC 1.0%
1.50%503.2NBC 0.4%
511ISHRAE
ReductionPlant load (TR)Outdoor
Plant load (TR)
480
485
490
495
500
505
510
515
ISHRAE NBC 0.4% NBC 1.0%
(TR)
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Indoor Design Conditions
Developed based on human comfort
In India specified by National Building Code Part 8/Section 3
45 to 5524 to 26Patient rooms9
45 to 5524 to 26Recovery rooms8
50 to 6023 to 26Auditoriums7
50 to 6023 to 26Class rooms6
50 to 6023 to 26Hotel guest rooms5
50 to 6023 to 26Departmental stores4
50 to 6023 to 26Office buildings2
55 to 6023 to 26Restaurants1
Relative humidity (%)Dry bulb Temp (o C)
SummerInside design conditionCategoryS No.
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Indoor Design Conditions ImpactIndoor Design Conditions Impact
6166026/78.89
6165026/78.88
638.36025/777
638.35025/776
660.76024/75.25
663.75024/75.24
677.66023/73.53
704.45023/73.42
TRRH (%)DBT (C/F)1
Plant
load
Indoor design
conditionsS No.Plant load Variation
600
620
640
660
680
700
720
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
(TR)
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Unitary systemUnitary system
Window Air Conditioner Split Air Conditioner
CompressorCompressor--kWkW
Condenser FanCondenser Fan--kWkW
Evaporator FanEvaporator Fan--kWkW
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Centralised AC systemCentralised AC system --Air cooled water chillersAir cooled water chillers
Compressor/condenser fan-kW
Pump-kW Fan-kW
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Centralized AC systemCentralized AC system--Water cooled waterWater cooled water chillerchiller
CompressorCompressor--kWkW
PumpPump--kWkWFanFan--kWkW
PumpPump--kWkW
CT FanCT Fan--kWkW
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Energy EfficiencyEnergy Efficiency
Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER)Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER)
EER = Cooling capacity (Btu/hr)
Energy input in W
Coefficient of Performance (COP)Coefficient of Performance (COP)
COP = Cooling capacity (Btu/hr or W)
Energy input (Btu/hr) or W)
Specific energy ratioSpecific energy ratio
IKW/TR = Energy input (kW)
Cooling capacity (TR)
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Room air conditioning system efficiencyRoom air conditioning system efficiency
Cooling capacity: 1 TR or 12000 Btu/hr
Power consumption : 1350 Watts
SER : 1.35/1 = 1.35 kW/TR
EER : 12000/1350 = 8.9
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ChillerChiller system efficiencysystem efficiency
CompressorCompressor-- 96 kW96 kW
PumpPump--11.25 kW11.25 kW
FanFan-- 22.5 kW22.5 kW
PumpPump-- 7.5 kW7.5 kW
CT FanCT Fan--7.5 kW7.5 kW Cooling capacity: 120 TRCooling capacity: 120 TR
SER Chiller : 96/120 = 0.8 kW/TRSER Chiller : 96/120 = 0.8 kW/TR
COP: (120*12000)/(96*3415) = 4.4COP: (120*12000)/(96*3415) = 4.4
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Minimum equipment efficiency (COP)Minimum equipment efficiency (COP)--ECBCECBC
recommendationsrecommendations
1. Window/split unit : 3.08
2. Air cooled water chiller 150 TR : 3.05
4. Water cooled reciprocating chiller (All) : 4.2
5. Water cooled Screw chiller < 150 TR : 4.7
6. Water cooled Screw chiller >150 < 300 TR : 5.4
7. Water cooled screw chiller > 300 TR : 5.75
8. Centrifugal chiller > 150 < 300 TR : 5.8
9. Centrifugal chiller > 300 TR : 6.3
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ByeBye--law 3.3.6: Energy efficient Airlaw 3.3.6: Energy efficient Air
Conditioning system design for buildingsConditioning system design for buildings
The inside design conditions of a conditioned space should conform toas recommended in the National Building Code 2005.
The outside design conditions shall be in accordance with theconditions specified in National Building Code 2005.
Efficiency of the equipment installed shall comply with ECBCrequirement.