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PUBLICATIONS FROM THE THESIS WORK

1. Bhuvanagiri Ravi Sankar, Damera Nageswara Rao,Chalamalasetti Srinivasa Rao

“Experimental investigation on stability of Al2O3- Water Nanofluid using

response surface methodology”, International Journal of NanoScience and

Nanotechnology, Volume 3, Number 3 (2012), pp. 149-160.

2. Ravi Sankar.B, Nageswara Rao .D ,Srinivasa Rao.Ch, “ Nanofluid Thermal

conductivity-A Review” International Journal of Advances in Science and

Technology, Volume 3, Number 3 (2012).

3. B. Ravi Sankar, D. Nageswara Rao , Ch. Srinivasa Rao, “Influence of

Nanoparticle Volume Fraction, Particle size and Temperature on Thermal

Conductivity and Viscosity of Nanofluids - A Review” International Review of

Applied Engineering Research. [accepted for publication]

4. B. Ravi Sankar, D. Nageswara Rao , Ch. Srinivasa Rao, “Investigation on the

Influence of Surfactant and pH Value on Dispersion Stability of Al2O3-Water

Nanofluid,” International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology

(MULTICRSAFT) . [under review]

107

APPENDIX

A1. XRD of Al2O3 nanoparticles

X-ray diffraction analyses of nano Alumina particles shown in Fig.A1. The X-ray

diffractogram obtained from the test shows the relationship between diffraction angle

(2Ө) and relative intensity. The average particle size was found to be between 50 to

100nm using XRD pattern of nanoparticles.

Fig-A1.Convoluted graph of intensity profile for Al2O3 nanoparticles

A2. Calibration of the guarded method apparatus

Thermal conductivity and specific heat of nanofluids are measured using guarded hot

plate method apparatus. The apparatus is calibrated by comparing the values with that of

water.

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A2.1. Calibration for thermal conductivity measurement

Thermal conductivity of water is measured using guarded hot plate method at

various temperatures. The measured values are compared with theoretical values of

water as shown in fig. A2. The maximum error obtained is 5% as shown in fig. A3.

Hence, the measurements are considered to be within reasonable limit.

Fig. A2. Calibration with thermal conductivity of water

Fig. A3. Error in measurement of thermal conductivity of water

109

A2.2. Calibration for specific heat measurement

The measured values of Specific heat of water using Guarded hot plate method at

various temperatures are compared with theoretical values as shown in fig. A4. Error in

measurement is shown in fig. A5 and the maximum error obtained is 6%. Hence, the

measurements are considered to be within reasonable limit.

Fig. A4. Calibration with specific heat of water

Fig. A5. Error in measurement of specific heat of water

110

A3. Calibration of the Redwood viscometer-I

The viscosity of nanofluids id found by Redwood viscometer-I. calibration is

done with water. The measured values are compared with theoretical values of water as

shown in fig. A6. The maximum error obtained is 6.5% as shown in fig. A7. Hence, the

measurements are considered to be within reasonable limit.

Fig. A6. Calibration with viscosity of water

Fig. A7. Error in measurement of viscosity of water

111

A3. Calibration of the specific gravity bottle method

Density of nanofluids is measured using specific gravity bottle method. The

method is calibrated by comparing the values with that of water. Density of water is

measured and the measured values are compared with theoretical values of water as

shown in fig. A8. Error in measurement is shown in fig. A9 and the maximum error

obtained is 3%. Hence, the measurements are considered to be within reasonable limit.

Fig. A8. Calibration with density of water

Fig. A9. Error in measurement of density of water

112

A5. Blower used

A forward vane type centrifugal blower is used to force the air over the radiator tubes at

different velocities and is shown in fig.A10. The air velocity of air is controlled by

regulating valve and measured using venture meter.

A10. Blower test rig

(Make: ALTECH, India)