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References, Acknowledgements,
& Front Page(12-16-2008)
Lecturer: Pin Ling, PhDDepartment of Microbiology & Immunology, NCKUext [email protected]
References
Functions
Criteria for selecting references
Incorporating references into the text
Citation and reference software
Functions of References
Direct readers to sources of other information
Give credits to the findings of others
Criteria for selecting references
Valid: 1. Journal articles (most thru the peer-review
process)2. Books3. Theses
Available: Journal Articles > Books > Theses & Proceedings
Few: 1. Keep references to the fewest necessary. 2. Choose the most important, the most
relevant, & the most recent.
Incorporating references into the text (I)
Two ways to cite references: (i) One emphasizes the science:
e.g. IKK phosphorylates IkB (23).
(ii) One emphasizes the scientists: e.g. Karin et al. (23) found that IKK
phosphorylates IkB.
Incorporating references into the text (II)
Two types of ref citation are used in the text: (i) Number citation:
e.g. IKK phosphorylates IkB (23).
(ii) Author and year citation:e.g. It is demonstrated that IKK phosphorylates IkB
(Karin et al., 1997) .
Incorporating references into the text (III)
Style of the references:
(1) Follow the journal rules
(2) Format in a single style e.g. Vancouver-style reference R. Medzhitov, P. Preston-Hurlburt and C.A. Janeway, Nature 388 (1997), pp. 394–7.
Accuracy:(1) Verify the citation of a article (Authors’ names, Title, Journal, Year, Vol, & Page No.) (2) Correlation of the ref list
Citation and reference software
(1) EndNote
(2) Reference Manger
(Today’s lecture based on Version X, most recent version XI)
EndNote’s Functions
(1) Search bibliographic databases on the internet
(2) Organize references and images in a database
(3) Construct your paper with built-in manuscript templates
(4) Watch the bibliography and figure list appear as you write
Search bibliographic databases on the internet
Choose “Tools”
Connect
PubMed
Connect
EndNote Functions
(1) Search bibliographic databases on the internet
(2) Organize references in a database
(3) Construct your paper with built-in manuscript templates
(4) Watch the bibliography and figure list appear as you write
(1) Search bibliographic databases on the internet
(2) Organize references in a database
(3) Construct your paper with built-in manuscript templates
(4) Watch the bibliography and figure list appear as you write
EndNote Functions
(1) Search bibliographic databases on the internet
(2) Organize references in a database
(3) Construct your paper with built-in manuscript templates
(4) Watch the bibliography and figure list appear as you write
EndNote Functions
Acknowledgements
Acknowledgements
Discussion
Results & Figures
Materials & Methods
Introduction
Abstract
Title
References
Main Text
Acknowledgements
(1) Acknowledge any significant technical help in your lab or elsewhere.
(2) Acknowledge the source of materials.
(3) Acknowledge any outside financial assistance, e.g. grants, fellowships….etc.
Tips for preparing Acknowledgements
(1) Being courteous.
(2) Being appropriate and Do not flatter.
(3) No “Wish” in Acknowledgements. e.g. I wish to thank …….. => I thank……..
Front Page
(1) Title & Running Title
(2) Author and Institution Names Corresponding Author Information (e.g. email, fax,..etc)
(3) Keywords
The order to write a paper
Write the main text first and then the overview sections
Abstract (One paragraph)
Title (One sentence or one phrase)
Overview sectionsMain text
Conclusions & Discussion
Results & Figures
Materials & Methods
Introduction & Purpose
Title
Functions:
(1)State the main point in a sentence or a phrase
(2) A good “Title” attracts readers
Tips for preparing a good “Title”
(1) Concise: A short title has more impact than a long title
does.
(2) Important word first Subtitles (Running titles)
(3) Accurate (Unambiguous)
What is a good title?
=> The fewest words that adequately describe the contents of the paper.
An improperly “Titled” paper is doomed to lost its intended readers.
Content of Titles for Results Papers
(1) Stating the Topic in the Title Effect of Ribavirin on HCV Infection in Mice
(Effect of X on Y in Z) X: the independent variable(s) that you
manipulated Y: the dependent variable(s) you measured or
observed Z: the species or the material on which you did
the work
(2) Stating the Point in the Title Inhibition of HCV infection by Ribavirin in Mice
Examples of Titles (I)
TAB3 is a new binding partner of the protein kinase TAK1
TAB3, a new binding partner of the protein kinase TAK1 (Biochem J, 2004)
A Word A Phrase
Examples of Titles (II)
(1) Wnt-1 signal induces phosphorylation and degradation of c-Myb protein via TAK1, HIPK2, and NLK (Genes Dev, 2004)
(2) Regulation of Cell Proliferation by a Morphogen Gradient (Cell, 2005)
Running Title
(1) A “Running Title” functions to identify the article.
(2) Use a “Short Phrase” and appear at the top or bottom of every page.
(3) Pick key terms and put words in the same order as “Title”.
Examples of Running Titles
Title: Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Alveoli in the Rat Lung for Pressure-Volume Relationships
Running Title:Reconstruction of Alveoli in the Rat Lung
Author and Institution Names
(1)Identify the authors
(2)Contact information: A corresponding author required for Reprints, Communication, & Materials
(3) Use asterisks or footnotes to organize the author and institution names
Nature Immunology 6, 1087 - 1095 (2005)
Essential function for the kinase TAK1 in innate and adaptive immune responses
Shintaro Sato1, 7, Hideki Sanjo2, 3, 7, Kiyoshi Takeda4, Jun Ninomiya-Tsuji5, Masahiro Yamamoto2, Taro Kawai1, Kunihiro Matsumoto6, Osamu Takeuchi1, 2 & Shizuo Akira1, 2
1 Akira Innate Immunity Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.2 Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.3 Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.4 Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.5 Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7633, USA.6 Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.7 These authors contributed equally to this work.Correspondence should be addressed to Shizuo Akira [email protected]
Example
Keywords
(1) Link your article to the related fields
(2) Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Keywords (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html)
(3) Pick up from the “Title” or “Abstract”.
(4) Facilitate readers to identify your article from a database
Practice “References, Acknowledgements, & Front page”
We will discuss them on the 1-06-2009 lecture.
Homework
Examples of Titles (II)
(1) Wnt-1 signal induces phosphorylation and degradation of c-Myb protein via TAK1, HIPK2, and NLK (Genes Dev, 2004)
(2) Regulation of Cell Proliferation by a Morphogen Gradient (Cell, 2005)
