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Author contributions158

Author contributionsAn overview of the contribution of the listed authors for the realization

of each thesis chapter.

Chapter 1: Introduction; and Chapter 6: Synthesis

S. De Graaf

Chapter 2: Fracture-controlled fluid flow in the the Jandaíra carbonate platform, Brazil

S. De Graaf Sampling in the field; performed all geochemical and petrograph-ic analyses; data interpretation; author of the first paper (which forms the base for the chapter); drafting all figures

J. J. G. Reijmer Conceptualization; setting up collaboration with the UFRN; proofreading

G. V. Bertotti Team leader during fieldwork; conceptualization; data interpre-tation; proofreading; author of the second paper (of which only minor parts were used for the thesis chapter)

H. B. Vonhof In charge of stable isotope laboratory at the time of analysis; proofreading

F. H. R Bezerra Field work organization

K. Bisdom Fieldwork assistance

B. Oskam Responsible for a part of the second paper that is not discussed in detail in the thesis

C. L Cazarin Financial support

Chapter 3: Fluid flow evolution in the Albanide fold-and-thrust belt

S. De Graaf Collecting data and samples in the field; carried out isotope and petrographic analysis; conceptualization; data interpretation; writing all text; drafting all figures

C. W. Nooitgedacht Collecting data and samples in the field; carried out isotope and petrographic analysis; conceptualization; data interpretation; proofreading

Author contributions 159

J. J. G. Reijmer Conceptualization; financing; proofreading; providing confocal microscopy images

J. Le Goff Introduction to the fieldwork area; support during the fieldworks; proofreading

H. B. Vonhof Proofreading; data interpretation

H. J. L. Van der Lubbe

Proofreading; managing isotope laboratory

Chapter 4: Fluid evolution and ore deposition in the Harz Mountains

S. De Graaf Performed all isotope analysis; data interpretation; writing text; drafting figures

V. Lüders Providing samples; data interpretation, writing minor parts of the text; providing the basic images for figures 4.2, 4.3, and 4.6; proofreading

H. B. Vonhof Conceptualization; data interpretation; proofreading

D. A. Banks Provided part of the crush-leach analyses; proofreading

H. K. Kaden Performed part of the crush-leach analyses

J. J. G. Reijmer Proofreading; financing

Chapter 5: The isotope composition of fluid inclusion water in cold-water coral skeletons

S. De Graaf Performed isotope analysis of samples from the Bahamas; data interpretation; writing text; drafting figures

H. B. Vonhof Conceptualization; data interpretation; proofreading

J. J. G. Reijmer Conceptualization; sampling; financial support; proofreading

E. Feenstra Performed isotope analysis of samples from the NE Atlantic

F. Mienis Provided information on environmental parameters and sam-pling locations in the NE Atlantic

P. Swart Proofreading

C. Betzler Organization of the scientific cruise in the Bahamas

Acknowledgements160

Acknowledgements

The accomplishment of this doctoral dissertation could not have succeeded without the efforts of many individuals, to whom I would like to express my gratitude in this final section. The main driving force behind the conception of the PhD is John, who recognized the potential of fluid inclusion isotope analysis and gave me the opportunity to pursue the work that I started during my Master. Although the anticipated position in Saudi Arabia did not work out, I would like to thank John for his willingness to remain involved as promotor throughout the entire course of the PhD. His continuous and always timely input has been of great scientific value for each of the four case studies. Furthermore, I highly appreciate his continued efforts to arrange financial support from the College of Petroleum Engineering & Geosciences (CPG) of the King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (Dhahran, KSA) for fieldworks, laboratory analyses and conferences.

Hubert has been another hugely important factor for the success of this PhD. He has been directly involved already since the first year of my Master study during the project in Brazil in 2014. In the second year of my Master, he allowed me to perform fluid inclusion isotope analysis on vein samples from the Harz Mountains, which would eventually develop into the fourth chapter of this thesis. Hubert has been of great support throughout the entire PhD, organizing visits to Mainz and Potsdam and eventually even arranging a six month Stipendium at the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Mainz. Our discussions at the MPIC during the final stage of the PhD study immensely helped for improving the thesis. It was a great pleasure to work together and, altogether, words fall short to express my gratitude.

Apart from my promotors, many other people were involved and contributed in every single one of the four research projects that build up this thesis. Giovanni functioned as the main supervisor during the first research project in Brazil, which started back in July 2014. I would like to express special thanks to Giovanni for his initiative to let me write a paper as first author on the work in Brazil; in the end, this would turn out to be the foundation for initiating the PhD. Furthermore, I would like to thank Kevin, Eva, Brigit, Hilario and all other people of the University of Rio Grande do Norte for the nice collaboration during the field work despite the scorching heat of the northeast Brazilian inlands. The study in Brazil was part of the POROCARSTE project, which is financially supported and made possible by Petrobras and the Brazilian National Petroleum Agency (ANP).

Acknowledgements 161

During the fieldworks in Albania, the help and knowledge of Johan was of tremendous value for targeting suitable outcrops and efficiently moving around through the country. Along with Cas, Koos and Arnoud, the field works in Albania were a great experience and resulted to be possibly even more productive than anticipated. Especially the collaboration with Cas during and after the two fieldworks was not only highly enjoyable, but also efficient and complementary. For sure, starting the PhD at the same time as Cas was great, with our joint travels to Albania, Saudi Arabia and the conferences in Houston and Italy being particular highlights.

In the project on the Harz Mountains, Volker has been extremely helpful in selecting samples, reviewing manuscripts and having discussions in Potsdam. Furthermore, I would like to thank Dave Banks for supplying crush-leach data and reviews for this research project. For the study on cold-water corals, the efforts of the crew of the RV Meteor cruise and the shipboard scientific party for collecting and preparing the cores were essential. The Royal NIOZ is thanked for core storage and transport. Again, I owe thanks to John and Cas, this time for their aid in sampling the soft-sediment core.

Throughout all the research, the technical support of Suzan and Jeroen was indispensable for effective and successful isotope analyses in the laboratory at the VU University Amsterdam. Jeroen also provided valuable input for improving the chapter on the Albanian case study. I would like to thank Bouke Lacet for manufacturing thin sections of the vein samples from Brazil and Albania and the corals from the Bahamas. This thesis benefitted as well from the input of a number of anonymous reviewers of the journals of Marine and Petroleum Geology, Mineralium Deposita and AAPG Bulletin. I would like to express my gratitude to the members of the reading commission, Klaudia Kuiper, Rudy Swennen, Fadi Henri Nader, Jens Zinke and Adrian Immenhauser, for dedicating their time to the evaluation of the final version of the dissertation. Also, I am grateful to Wim van Westrenen for facilitating the promotion at the VU University Amsterdam. Last but not least, I thank everyone else who has been indirectly involved and on whom I could rely, in particular my parents, for their support throughout the course of the PhD.