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Europe to abolish Articles 147 and 148 of the criminal code, which make a journalist

criminally responsible for defamation. Television serves as the chief media source in

Azerbaijan. Since the formal banning of censorship in 1998, the print m~dia in

Azerbaijan have remained freer than television and radio outlets, although they too are

generally biased in their coverage.

Newspapers such as Yeni Musavat and Azadliq serve as the political mouthpieces

of certain opposition parties and are generally faulted for unprofessional reporting. The

pro-government, state-funded newspapers Xalq Gezeti and Azarbaycan cover only the

ruling party's position on issues. Opposition journalists continue to face legal and other

troubles in the country. OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media Miklos Haraszti

told President Aliyev in April 2007 that the country has the highest number of arrested

journalists among all 56 members .of the OSCE.

The political set-up in Azerbaijan today has been implanted from above. The push

has not come from the below. It is the responsibility of the civil society to provide the

impetus for political development from below. But civil society cannot spring up from

thin air. It is the responsibility of the elites there to cultivate and develop space for civil

society. And the fIrst step in that direction will be taken when 'civic' nationalism is

promoted instead of 'ethnic' nationalism. Ethnic nationalism promotes narrow 'us' versus

'them' approach, while civic nationalism lays the foundation of a communitarian

approach of 'us' and 'us'.

211

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