11
References AckotT, Russell L., Concept of Corporation Planning, (Wiley, 1970). AckotT, Russell L., On Purposeful Systems, (Aldine, 1972). AckotT, Russell L., Redesigning the Future: A Systems Approach to Societal Problems, (Wiley, 1974). Allison, G. T., Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis (Little, Brown, 1971). Anshen, Melvin (Ed.), Managing the Socially Responsible Corpo- ration (Riverside, N. J.: Macmillan, 1974). AnsotT, H. Igor, for Diversification', Harvard Business Review, September-October, 1957. --'A Model for Diversification', Management Science, Vol. 4, July, 1958. --'Planning for Diversification Through Merger' (with Theo- dore Andersen, Frank Norton, and J. Fred Weston), California Management Review, Vol. 1, No.4, Summer 1959. --'A Quasi-Analytic Method for Long Range Planning.' Paper presented at the I st Symposium on Corporate Long Range Planning, the Institute of Management Sciences, College on planning, 6 June 1959, and at the 6th Annual International Meeting, the Institute of Management Sciences, Paris, 9 September 1959. --'Merger Objectives and Organization Structure' (with J. Fred Weston), Review of Economics and Business, August 1962. --'Management Participation in Diversification'. Paper pre- sented at Stanford Resea(ch Institute, Newark, N. J., 25 September 1963. Published in Proceedings of Client Con- ference, Menlo Park, California, Long Range Planning Ser- vice, Stanford Research Institute, 1963. --'Planning as a Practical Management Tool', Financial Executive, June 1964. --'A Quasi-Analytic Approach to the Business Policy Prob- lem', Management Technology, Vol. 4, June 1964. 226

References - Springer978-1-349-02971-6/1.pdf · Anshen, Melvin (Ed.), Managing the ... --'The Expanding Role of the Computer in Managerial ... Towards a Social Ecology: Contex(ual

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

References

AckotT, Russell L., Concept of Corporation Planning, (Wiley, 1970).

AckotT, Russell L., On Purposeful Systems, (Aldine, 1972). AckotT, Russell L., Redesigning the Future: A Systems Approach

to Societal Problems, (Wiley, 1974). Allison, G. T., Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile

Crisis (Little, Brown, 1971). Anshen, Melvin (Ed.), Managing the Socially Responsible Corpo­

ration (Riverside, N. J.: Macmillan, 1974). AnsotT, H. Igor, 'Strategi~s for Diversification', Harvard Business

Review, September-October, 1957. --'A Model for Diversification', Management Science, Vol. 4,

July, 1958. --'Planning for Diversification Through Merger' (with Theo­

dore Andersen, Frank Norton, and J. Fred Weston), California Management Review, Vol. 1, No.4, Summer 1959.

--'A Quasi-Analytic Method for Long Range Planning.' Paper presented at the I st Symposium on Corporate Long Range Planning, the Institute of Management Sciences, College on planning, 6 June 1959, and at the 6th Annual International Meeting, the Institute of Management Sciences, Paris, 9 September 1959.

--'Merger Objectives and Organization Structure' (with J. Fred Weston), Review of Economics and Business, August 1962.

--'Management Participation in Diversification'. Paper pre­sented at Stanford Resea(ch Institute, Newark, N. J., 25 September 1963. Published in Proceedings of Client Con­ference, Menlo Park, California, Long Range Planning Ser­vice, Stanford Research Institute, 1963.

--'Planning as a Practical Management Tool', Financial Executive, June 1964.

--'A Quasi-Analytic Approach to the Business Policy Prob­lem', Management Technology, Vol. 4, June 1964.

226

References 227

--'Company Objectives: Blueprint or Blue Sky?' Management Review, September 1962. Reprinted in Management in Per­spective, (Eds., W. E. Schlender, William G. Scott and Alan C. Filley) (Houghton Mifflin, 1965).

--Corporate Strategy (McGraw-Hill, 1965). --The Firm of the Future', Harvard Business Review,

September-October 1965. --'Planning at the Level of an Enterprise in the USA.' Paper

presented at the 2eme Congres National de Gestion Pre­visionnelle, Paris, 14-16 September 1966. Published in the Proceedings of the Conference, Paris, 1966.

--'Research and Development Planning' (with Richard G. Brandenburg). In Handbook of Business Administration (Ed., H. B. Maynard) (McGraw-Hill, 1967).

--'The Expanding Role of the Computer in Managerial Decision-Making', Informatie, Jaargang, Amsterdam, 1967.

--'The Innovative Firm', Enterprise: Journal of the PE Con­sulting Group, July 1967.

--'Design of Optimal Business planning System: A Study Proposal' (with Richard G. Brandenburg), Journalfor Cyber­netics of Planning and Organization, March 1967.

--'The Evolution of Corporate Planning.' Report of the SRI Long Range Planning Service, Palo Alto, Calif., September 1967.

--'The General Manager of the Future' (with Richard G. Brandenburg), California Management Review, Vol. 2, No.3, Spring 1969 .

. --'The Knowledge Professional in the Post-Industrial Era.' Bedrijjskunde, Jaargang, Vol. 47, No.2, 1975, pp. 88 ff

--'The State of Practice in Management Systems.' Paper presented at the 2nd U.S. - U.S.S.R. Conference on Planning, New York, May, 1975. Published as EIASM Working Paper No. 75-11. Brussels: European Institute for Advanced Studies in Management, 1975.

--'Shortcomings of Strategic Planning.' Interview in Inter­national Management, September 1976.

--From Strategic Planning to Strategic Management (Joint Ed. with Roger P. Declerck and Robert L. Hayes.) (Wiley, 1976).

--'Strategic Portfolio Management' (with James C. Leon­tiades), Journal of Management

--'Managing Surprise and Discontinuity - Strategic Response

228 Strategic Management

to Weak Signals', California Management Review, Winter 1976.

--'Societal Strategy for the Business Firm' (with Oscar Tivis Nelson). Forthcoming.

--'The State of Practice in Planning Systems' Sloan Manage­ment Review, Vol. 18, No.2, Winter 1977, pp. 1-24.

--'Strategies for a Technology-Based Business' (with John M. Stewart), Harvard Business Review, November-December 1967. Forthcoming in The Managerial Mind (Irwin).

--'An Appreciation of Industrial Dynamics' (with Dennis Slevin), Management Science, Vol. 14, March 1968.

--'A Language for Organizational Design' (with R. G. Bran­denburg). Paper presented at OECD Working Symposium on Long Range Planning, Bellagio, Italy, October-November 1968.

--'Managerial Problem-Solving.' In Management Science in Planning and Control (Ed. John Blood, Jr.) (Special Technical Association Publication, No.5. New York: The Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry, 1969).

--'Vers une Tbeorie Strategique des Entreprises' (Toward a Strategic Theory of the Firm), Economies et Societes, Tome 2, No.3, Paris, 1968. Reprinted in English as 'Toward a Strategic Theory of the Firm' in Business Strategy (Ed., H. Igor Ansoff) (Penguin Books, 1969).

--'Long Range Planning in Perspective', presented at CIOS 15th Congress, Tokyo, 1969. Published in Proceedings of the 15th CIOS International Management Congress, Kogakusha Co. Ltd., Tokyo, 1969.

--Business Strategy (Ed.) (Penguin Books, 1969). --'Toward a Strategic Theory of the Firm.' In Business

Strategy (Ed. H. Igor Ansoff) (Penguin Books, 1969). --'Does Planning Pay? The Effect of Planning on Success of

Acquisitions in American Firms' (with Jay Anver, Richard Brandenburg, Fred Portner and Ray Radosevich), Long Range Planning Journal, Vol. 3, No.2, 1970. ,

--'Institutional Factors in Strategic Decision-Making' (with Don Lebell), Journal of Business Policy, Vol. 1, No.3, Spring 1971.

--Acquisitions Behavior of u.s. Manufacturing Firms. 1946-65 (with Brandenburg, Richard G., Portner, F. E., and Rad­osevich, H. R. ) (Vanderbilt University Press, 1971).

References 229

--'The Concept of Strategic Management', Journal of Business Policy, Vol. 2, No.4, Summer 1972.

--'Dolgosrochnoe Planirovanic v Perspective', Sovremennye Tendenzyi v Upravelenti v Capitalisticheskich Stranakh, pp. 51-72 (Moscow, Izdatelstvo Progress, 1972).

--'Corporate Structure, Present and Future', Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Corporate Planning. (EIASM Working Paper No. 74-4, Brussels, 1973).

--The Next Twenty Years in Management Education', Lib­rary Quarterly, Vol. 43, No.4, October 1973.

--'Management in Transition' in Challenge to Leadership: Managing in a Changing World, pp. 22-63 (New York: Free Press, 1973).

--'Role of Models in Corporate Decision-Making' (with Robert L. Hayes). In Systems and Management Annual, 1974 (Ed. by Russell L. Ackoff) (New York: Petrocelli Books, 1974).

--'Functions of the Executive Office in a Large Conglomerate' (EIASM Working Paper No. 85-42, Brussels, 1974).

--'Management en Advieswerk: de derde generatie', Overdruk uit TED, Tijdschrift voor Effectief Directiebeleid, Mei 1974.

--'La Structure de l'Entreprise Aujourd'hui et Demain', Cahier de La Fondation Nationale Pour L 'Enseignement de la Gestion, No.9, October 1974. Reprinted in Chefs: Revue Suisse du Management in two parts, February and March 1975.

--'An Applied Managerial Theory of Strategic Behavior' (EIASM Working Paper No. 75-12, Brussels, March 1975).

--(Ed.) 'Management under Discontinuity.' Proceedings of INSEAD Conference, Fontainebleau, January 1975. (EIASM Report No. 75-1.)

--'Planned Management of Turbulent Change.' Forthcoming in McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of General Management.

--'Management of Strategic Surprise and Discontinuity: Prob­lem of Managerial Decisiveness.' (EIASM Working Paper No. 29-75, Brussels, 1975).

Arrow, K. J., General Competitive Analysis (Holden-Day, 1971). Ashby, W. R., Introduction to Cybernetics, (Wiley, 1956). Baumol, William J., Business Behavior, Value and Growth (Re-

vised Edn.), pp. 86-9, (Harcourt Brace, 1967). Beer, Stafford, The Brain of the Firm (Herder and Herder, 1972).

(See Ch. 2: Concepts and Terms; Ch. 6: Anatomy of Management.)

230 Strategic Management

Bennis, W. G., Changing Organizations (McGraw-Hill, 1966). (See Ch. 7: Change Agents, Change Programs and Strategies.)

Bennis, W. G., Benne K. D., Chin R., The Planning of Change (2nd Edn.) (Holt, Rinehart, 1969).

Benson, J. Kenneth, 'Organization, a Dialectical View', Adminis­trative Science Quarterly, Vol. 2, March 1977.

Bell, Daniel, The Coming of Post-Industrial Society (New York: Basic Books, 1973).

Bok, Derek c., and Dunlop, John T., Labor and the American Community (Simon and Schuster, 1970).

Boulding, Kenneth E., Economics as a Science MacGraw-Hill, 1970).

Bower, Joseph L., Managing the Resource Allocation Process (Irwin, 1972).

Blake, Robert R., and Mouton, Jane S., The Managerial Grid (Houston: Gulf Publishing Co., 1964).

Broden, P., 'Turbulence and Organizational Change.' Linkoping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertation N. 7, 1976.

Chandler, A. D., Jr. Strategy and Structure M.1. T. Press, 1972). Channon, D., 'Corporate Strategy and Organizational Structure

in British Industry's, Journal of Business Policy, No.3, 1972. Clausewitz, Karl von, On War (9th Edn.) (Routledge, 1968). Cordiner, Ralph, J., New Frontiers for Professional Managers

(McGraw-Hill, 1956). Cooper, William W., Leavitt Harald J. and Shelly M. W., New

Perspectives in Organizational Research. (Wiley, 1964). Crozier, M., 'Le probh!me de l'innovation dans les organizations

economiques', Sociologie du Travail, Vol. 10, January-March 1968.

Crozier, M., 'Les problemes humains que po sent les structures de l'enterprise dans une societe en changement.' Paper presented at Cannes Colloquium, March 1971.

Cyert, Richard M., and March, James G., A Behavioral Theory of the Firm (Prentice-Hall, 1963).

Drucker, Peter F., The Age of Discontinuity (Harper and Row, 1969).

De Brugne, P., 'Esquisse d'une theorie de l'administration des entreprises', Librairie Universitaire, Louvain, 1963.

De Woot, Ph., La Fonction d'enterprise: formes nouvelles et progres economique (Louvain, Editions Nauwelaerts, 1962).

Emery, F. E., and Trist, E. L., 'The Causal Texture of Organiz-

References 231

ational Environments', Human Relations, Vol. 18, 1965, pp. 21-32.

Emery, F. E., and Trist E. L., Towards a Social Ecology: Contex(ual Appreciation of the Future in the Present (Plenum Press, 1973).

Etzioni, Amitai, Modern Organizations (Prentice-Hall, 1967). Forrester, J. W., Industrial Dynamics (MIT Press, 1961). Friedman, Milton, Capitalism and Freedom (Chicago University

Press, 1962). Galbraith, J. K., The Affluent Society, 2nd Edn. (Houghton

Mifflin, 1969). Galbraith, J. K., Designing Complex Organizations (Addison­

Wesley, 1973). Hertzberg, Frederick, Work and the Nature of Man (World

Publishing, 1970). Heyvaert, Hubert, Strategie et innovation dans i'entreprise (Un­

iversite Catholique de Louvain, 1973). Hodgkinson, Harold L. Institutions in Transition (McGraw-Hill,

1970). Jay, Anthony, Management and Machiavelli (Holt, Rinehart,

1967). Kast Fremont E., and Rosenzweig, James E., Organizations and

Management: A systems Approach (McGraw-Hill, 1970). Katz, D., and Kahn, R. L., The Social Psychology of Organiz­

ations (Wiley, 1966). Koontz, Harold, 'The Management Theory Jungle', Academy of

Management Journal, 4, December 1961, pp. 174-188. Lawrence, P. R., and Lorch, J. W., Organization and Environment

(Harvard Business School, 1967). Leavitt, Harold, Managerial Psychology (University of Chicago

Press, 1965). (See Ch. 26: Technology and Organization.) Levinson, H., The Exceptional Executive: A Psychological Con­

ception (Harvard University Press, 1968). Levinson, H., Organizational Diagnosis (Harvard University

Press, 1972). Likert, Rensis, New Patterns of Management (McGraw-Hill,

1961). Lindblom, C. E., The Intelligence of Democracy (New York: Free

Press, 1965). Lindblom, C. E., The Policy Making Process (Prentice-Hall,

1968).

232 Strategic Management

Lodge, George c., The New American Ideology (Knopf, 1975). Lorange, P., 'Tailoring the Capital Budgeting System to the

Behavioral Style of Management', Doctoral Thesis, Harvard Business School, 1971.

MacGregor, Douglas, The Human Side oj Enterprise (McGraw­Hill, 1969).

Machiavelli, Niccolo, The Prince (Penguin Books). Maier, Norman R., Problem-Solving Discussions and Confer­

ences: Leadership Methods and Skills, (McGraw-Hill, 1973). Mansfield, Edwin, Microeconomics (2nd Edn.) (Norton, 1975). March, J. G., and Simon, H. A., Organizations (Wiley, 1958). (See

Ch. 5: Conflict in Organizations.) Maslow, Abraham H., Motivation and Personality (Harper and

Row, 1954). Miller, R. E., 'Innovation, Organization and Environment.'

(Universite Catholique de Louvain, Nouvelle Serie No. 86, 1971).

Mintzberg, H., 'Strategy Making in Three Modes', California Management Review, 1973).

Myrdal, Gunnar, Against the Stream: Critical Essays on Econ­omics (Pantheon Books, 1963).

Normann, Richard, Management and Statesmanship (Siar, 1976). Pettigrew, A. M., The Politics ojOrganizational Decision Making

(Tavistock, 1973). (See Ch. 9: Sources and Use of Power in Decision Process).

Raiffa, H., Decision Analysis, (Addison-Wesley, 1970). Rothschild, William E., Putting It all Together: A Guide to

Strategic Thinking (American Management Association, 1976).

Selznick, P., 'Foundations of the Theory of Organizations', American Sociological Review, Vol. 13, 1948.

Selznick, P., Leadership in Administration (Harper and Row, 1957).

Scheiffer, F., 'Planning for the Unexpected', McKinsey Quarterly, Spring 1974.

Scott, B. R., Stages oj Corporate Development (Harvard Business School, 1970).

Silk, Leonard, and Vogel, David, Ethics and Profits (Simon and Schuster, 1976).

Sloan, Alfred P., Jr. My Years with General Motors (Doubleday, 1964).

References 233

Smith, Adam, The Wealth of Nations, 1776, (Chapter IV: How the Towns Improve the Country).

Steiner, George A., Top Management Planning (Riverside, N. J. Macmillan, 1969).

Thomas, J. M., and Bebnis, W. G., Management of Change and Conflict (Penguin Books, 1972).

Thompson, James D., The Behavioral Sciences: An Interpretation (Addison-Wesley, 1970).

Thompson, James D., Organizations in Action (MacGraw-Hill, 1967) (See Ch. 2: Rationality in Organization; Ch. 8, The variable Human).

Vernon, Raymond, Sovereignty at Bay (2nd Edn.) (New York: Basic Books, 1972).

Vroom, V., and Yetton, P., Leadership and Decision Making (University of Pittsburgh Press, 1973).

Wagle, B., 'The Use of Models for Environmental Forecasting and Corporate Planning', Operational Research Quarterly, Vol. 20, pp. 327-36.

Whitehead, A. N., The Function of Reason (Beacon Press, 1958).

Zaleznik, Abraham, 'Power and Politics in Organized Life', Harvard Business Review, Vol. 48, May-June 1970.

Zaleznik, A., and Kets de Uries, M.F.R., Power and the Corporate Mind (Houghton Mifflin, 1975).

Index

Action perspective, 72 Action potential, 20, 150 Aspira.tions,

aggressiveness of, 115 and power, 116, 118 behavior, 122 determinants of, 169 duality of, 124 dynamics of, 117 performance, 113, 122 stability of, 117

Aspirations behavior, aggressiveness of, 117 attributes of, 117 levels of, 117

Axioms, Chandler's, 224 Emery-Thrist's, 224 Machiavelli's, 224 J. V. Thomson's, 224 Whitehead's, 223

Behavior, operationally stable, 109 strategically stable. 109

Budget, entrepreneurial, 37 marketing, 37 mix, 44 strategic, 17

Budgeting, behavior, 20 optimal, 46

Capability, dynamics of, 89 logistic, 17 managerial, 17, 18, 76

Capability filter, managerial, 159

Capacity, managerial, 78 organizational, 88 strategic effectiveness coefficient,

86,93 Change,

operating, 109 strategic, 109

Communications gap, 148 Competence,

general management, 77 logistic, 84

Complexity, aggregation, 220 partitioning, 217 synthesis, 218

Crisis-prone ESO, 110 Critical mass, 17, 42, 44

marketing, 43 operating, 43 start up, 43

Critical power mass, 201 Critical size, 44

Delay, cultural, 176 political, 176 procrastination, 176 verification, 176

Elements of st1"ategic match. 198 Entrepreneurial,

drive, 172 pressures, 91

Environment, complexity of, 32, 34 future, 155 historical, ISS

234

Index 235

intensity of, 32 of non-profits, 29

Environmental, dependence, 42 impedance, 39 resistance, 34

ESO,9,1I0 Expectations, communications gap,

150

Filter, forecasting, 146 perception, 147, 157

Filtered performance expectations, 147

Goals and objectives, 108 Goal-seeking behavior, 108, 110

Industry, 36 inherently non-profit, 69

Industrial revolution, 21 Information,

creators, 73 perspective, 72

Innovation pressure, 39 Intelligence,

evolution of, 58 organizational, 57

Irrationality of ESO behavior, 96

Laissez-faire, 16

Mass marketing era, 23 Mass production era, 22 Multi-cultural ESO, 124 Multi-manager, 143, 144

Novelty, increasing, 54 of change, 31, 51 speed of, 31, 204

Openness of behavior, 72 Organizational learning, 58 Organizational myopia, 147 Organizational rationality, 125

Partial ignorance, 48

Perception of environment, 145 Performance,

drive, 18, 163, 165, 185 pressure, 166

Performance discipline, 16 Performance expectations, 144 Predictability,

decreasing, 51 inherent, 51 of environment, 47

Preferred managerial thrust, 169 Preferred political thrust, 169 Problem solving, 79

anticipatory, 79 creative, 79 exploring, 79 reactive, 79 stable, 79

Power, autocratic, 100 decentralized, 100 distributed, 100 process, bargaining, 102 process, coercive, 102 process, consensual, 102 shift, 20, 182 transfer in a crisis, 106

Raison d'etre, 12 Resistance to change, 188 Reversal of Chandler ian sequence, 92,

184 Rules of the game effect of, 12,

68

Satisficing, 78, 108, 110 negative, 112 positive, 110

Simulation, 219 Social inertia, 189, 190, 193

adaptation of Newton's laws, 190 cultural-political component, 189,

191, 152 elasticity of, 193 systemic component, 189, 191, 152

Strategic behavior, adaptive, 186 alignment of, 198, 199 budgeting, 196

236 Index

Strategic behavior, (Con/d.) choice of, 29 discontinuous, 196 forces affecting, 213 irrationality of, 96

Strategic capability, 72, 89 managerial, 76

Strategic choice, boldness of, 106 nature of, 105

Strategic culture, 17, 18, 119 Strategic discontinuity, 20 Strategic drift, 194, 195 Strategic intensity, 37 Strategic leaders,

behavior of, 140 political behavior of, 143

Strategic leadership, 124 action, 130 aggressive, 131, 138, 143 corporate office, 135, 138 decision, 130 importance of, 135 legitimizing, 130 legitimizing, source of, 134 power limits of, 143 rationality, 143 resumption in corporate office, 135,

138 style, 138 successful, 131

Strategic shift, effectiveness of, 182. 199

Strategic surprise, 186, 187 Strategic thrust, 17, 64

choice of, 169 competence match, 84, 95 distribution of, 68

effectiveness of, 68 optimal,95

Strategic trap, 71, 181 Strategic work-culture, 121, 124 Stylistic objectives, 118 Survival threshold, 108 Systems approach, 218

Teleological gods, 118 Theory building, 220 Total maketing concept, 25 Transactions,

commercial, 10 political, 12 subsidy, 10

Trigger, anxiety, 201 aspiration, 200 crisis, 200 frustration, 201 strategic, 200

Turbulence, drift in, 60 escalation of, 57 level,56 scale of, 58 shift in, 56 steady, 59

Wea~ signals, 187 Work,

entrepreneurial, II givers, IS marketing, II operating, II receivers, 16 strategic, 12