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PAPERS PUBLISHED

Mathew, C.C*. and Kumari, K.S.**2012. Nutritional profile of diabetic patients

in kerala. Journal of extension and Research. Vol. XIV, No.1 & 2

Gandhigram Rural University, Gandhigram, TN, India.

Mathew, C.C*. and Kumari, K.S.**2011. Associated Risk Factors Of Diabetes in

Kerala. International Conference on Food and Nutraceuticals for Nutrition

and Health-Souvenir, Abstract 26; P.147.

Mathew, C.C*. and Kumari, K.S**. 2011. BMI Status of Diabetic Patients. ICMR

Sponsored International Symposium on Functional Foods and Health-

Souvenir. Abstract 65; P.31.

Mathew, C.C*. and Kumari, K.S.**2011. Diabetes–a product of Genetic and

Enivironmental Factors. Life Style Diseases in Sustainable Development

Perspective-Proceedings; 55-61.

NUTRITIONAL PROFILE OF DIABETIC PATIENTS IN KERALA

Celine Mathew. C*, Prof. Dr. K.S. Kumari ** * Asst. Professor, Dept. of Home Science, Nirmalagiri College, Nirmalagiri,

Kannur, Kerala, srcelinesh@gmail.com ** Former Head, Dept. of Home Science, St.Teresas College, Ernakulum &

Principal, Pondicherry University College, Pondicherry, India, kskumari@hotmail.com

Abstract There is a powerful interplay between nutrition and metabolic alterations

that lead to metabolic disorders like type 2 diabetes mellitus. Obesity, particularly associated with high waist circumference and high BMI, is an independent risk factor for diabetes. The present study is intended to find out the role of nutritional status on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Kannur district of northern

Papers published

Kerala was the study area. The results shows that incidence of diabetes increased with advancing age (F=122.208**) and also is influenced by income, education, occupation and higher socioeconomic status. Patients under treatment also had BMI, waist-hip ratio, fasting blood glucose and BP, on the higher side and majority (57.3%) were leading a sedentary lifestyle. These are the prominent risk factors of diabetes. Environmental factors are found to play an important role in the health of diabetic patients. The adoption and maintenance of suitable lifestyle modifications such as proper diet, regular exercise and appropriate medication can play a significant role in preventing and managing type 2 diabetes.

Associated Risk Factors of Diabetes in Kerala Celine Mathew .C*, Prof. Dr. K.S. Kumari **

* Asst.Professor, Dept. of Home Science, Nirmalagiri College, Kannur, kerala ** Fomer Head, Dept. of Home Science, St.Teresa’College, Ernakulum

& Principal, Pondicherry University College, Pondicherry.

Papers published  

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus is an alarming and rapidly emerging health problem affecting people at all stages, in almost all the countries of the world, including the developing countries like India. It is a chronic metabolic disorder with high levels of glucose in the blood. It has been predicted that by 2025, there will be more than 57 million people with diabetes in India. Due to the enormous increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, the State of Kerala is often referred as “the diabetes capital of India”. The well known factors which influence the emergence of non-insulin dependent diabetes include high familial aggregation, obesity, especially central obesity, insulin resistance, lifestyle changes due to urbanization, rapid increase in population and increased longevity. OBJECTIVES: The present study was therefore aimed to find out the role of various risk factors on the occurrence of diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Kannur district of northern Kerala was the study area .Three hospitals from the urban, sub-urban and rural areas in Kannur district were randomly selected. Diabetic patients (n = 300) attending the out-patient clinics of the three identified hospitals formed the sample of the study. Data on background information of the subjects and their lifestyle pattern (by a pre-tested schedule) and clinical picture (from hospital records) were gathered and analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The results showed that diabetes is a product of genetic and environmental factors. Incidence of diabetes increased with lower educational status (F=3.294*), higher income levels (F=2.670*), smaller family size and previous family history. Patients under the treatment also had fasting blood glucose, BP, and BMI on the higher side. Gender wise difference was also noticed in the case of BMI (t=4.786**) and waist-hip ratio (t=2.491*). CONCLUSION: Associated risk factors of diabetes are many and varied. Their co-existence and complexed interrelations call for pro-active kind of strategies rather than exclusive medical intervention to bring in the desired out come. In the absence of a permanent cure for diabetes, a multidisciplinary approach with appropriate awareness building mechanism, giving due emphasis on the serious health implications of the disease and the urgent need for lifestyle as well as dietary modifications, would be essential for the prompt management of diabetes mellitus.

Papers published

BMI STATUS OF DIABETIC PATIENTS

Celine Mathew. C*, Prof. Dr. K.S. Kumari ** * Asst. Professor, Dept. of Home Science, Nirmalagiri College, Nirmalagiri,

Kannur, Kerala, srcelinesh@gmail.com ** Former Head, Dept. of Home Science, St.Teresas College, Ernakulum &

Principal, Pondicherry University College, Pondicherry, India, kskumari@hotmail.com

Papers published  

Abstract

Introduction:  Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic metabolic diseases in almost all countries. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 220 million people worldwide have type 2 diabetes mellitus and it is estimated that India will be the global capital of diabetes by 2025, accounting for 57.2 million diabetics. The worse part of the situation is that diabetes affects the economically productive age-group (45-65 years) in developing countries. Patients with type 2 diabetes have many potential health complications, including coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, blindness, kidney disease, and lower-extremity amputation. Though the exact causes of type 2 diabetes are still not clear it is believed that obesity is one of the key risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing in prevalence in both developed and developing countries. In India, the prevalence of obesity among adults is 10–50 percent. Obesity is defined by certain anthropometric indices, such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Among these, BMI is the most widely used indicator of obesity. In developing countries, diabetes is linked to increased affluence and Westernization, especially among indigenous populations. But in developed countries, people in lower socioeconomic groups have a higher risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Objectives: The present study was therefore aimed to assess the association of obesity related indices- body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: Kannur district of northern Kerala was the study area .Three hospitals from the urban, sub-urban and rural areas in Kannur district were randomly selected. Diabetic patients (n = 300) attending the out-patient clinics of the three identified hospitals formed the sample of the study. Data on background information of the subjects, anthropometrical profile and lifestyle pattern (by a pre-tested schedule) and clinical picture (from hospital records) were gathered and analyzed statistically. Results: The results showed that patients under treatment also had high BMI, waist circumference and above normal waist/ hip ratio. Locality (F=3.634*) and socioeconomic class (F=3.173*) wise differences, significant at five percent level were noticed in the case of BMI. Gender wise difference was also found to be highly significant (1 % level) with BMI (t=4.786**). Distribution of sample based on waist circumference (M= 44.7 Vs. F= 86.7) and waist/hip ratio (M= 67.7 Vs, F= 98.7) showed that majority of the subjects (including male and female) had higher than normal value, which are the prominent risk factors for development of diabetes. Conclusion: Obesity plays a crucial role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, irrespective of age, gender, locale or socioeconomic class. In the present study the subjects were still exposed to this risk factor even in the post diagnostic period is to be viewed seriously. Hence it could be recommended that BMI and WHR should be periodically checked in clinical setting to detect persons at high risk and to manage the disease.

Papers published

DIABETES - A PRODUCT OF GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL

FACTORS

Celine Mathew .C*, Prof. Dr. K.S. Kumari **

* Asst.Professor, Dept. of Home Science, Nirmalagiri College, Kannur, Kerala ** Fomer Head, Dept. of Food Science & Technology, St.Teresas College, Ernakulum

& Principal, Pondicherry University College, Pondicherry.

Abstract Introduction:  According to the World Health Organization, approximately 220 million people worldwide have type 2 diabetes mellitus and it is estimated that India will be the global capital of diabetes by 2025, accounting for 57.2 million diabetics. The worse part of the situation is that diabetes affects the economically

Papers published  

productive age-group (45-65 years) in developing countries. Patients with type 2 diabetes not only have a chronic disease to cope up with, but also at increased risk for coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular diseases, retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Though the exact causes of type 2 diabetes are still not clear it is believed that it is a multifactorial disease caused by a complex interplay of genetic (inheritance) and environmental (lifestyle and diet) factors. Type 2 diabetes is a genetic disorder but its occurrence is triggered by abdominal obesity, lack of physical activity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol etc. In people genetically predisposed to the disease, the probability to develop type 2 diabetes is very high once exposed to ‘obesogenic’ lifestyle. Objectives: The present study was therefore aimed to find out the role of various risk factors like genetics and environmental on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: Kannur district of northern Kerala was the study area .Three hospitals from the urban, sub-urban and rural areas in Kannur district were randomly selected. Diabetic patients (n = 300) attending the out-patient clinics of the three identified hospitals formed the sample of the study. Data on background information of the subjects, anthropometrical profile and lifestyle pattern (by a pre-tested schedule) and clinical picture (from hospital records) were gathered and analyzed statistically. Results: The results showed that diabetes is a product of genetic and environmental factors. Incidence of diabetes increased with advancing age (F=122.208**) lower educational status (F=3.294*), higher income levels (F=2.670*), higher socioeconomic status, and previous family history. Patients under treatment also had high BMI, above normal waist/ hip ratio. Locality (F=3.634*) and socioeconomic class (F=3.173*) wise differences, significant at five percent level were noticed in the case of BMI. Gender wise difference was also found to be highly significant (1 % level) with BMI (t=4.786**). Distribution of sample based on waist circumference (M= 44.7 Vs. F= 86.7) and waist/hip ratio (M= 67.7 Vs, F= 98.7) showed that majority of the subjects (including male and female) had higher than normal value and majority (57.3%) were leading in a sedentary lifestyle, but in a stressful condition, which are the prominent risk factors for development of diabetes. Conclusion: Environmental risk factors play a crucial role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, irrespective of age, gender or genetic factors. But the occurrence is triggered many folds by genetic predispositions.