Reflection.

Agenda: What You need to have ready

Root Word Sheet

The Four Macromolecules Worksheet

Vocabulary Worksheet

Bellwork – Root word Carbohydrates and Lipids HW:

Class Setup PowerPoint White Paper towels Brown Paper Bags Plastic Cups – Marked with

each substance Water Water & Sugar Liquid Butter Cooking Oil

Plastic Pipette for each cup 85 Copies of this lab

Day Activity Objectives &Standards

Met

Dist.Assessment

Time Total Time left

Day 1 Bell Work – Root Word 5 min 50 min

Carbohydrates and lipids 30 min 20 min

Lipid Lab – Part 1 15 min 5 min

End Day 2 Closing – HW Bring a Lipid from home 5 min 0 min

Of Earth poly

Definition Examples in Biology

Memory Word

picture

many polymer

Carbon

• Carbon is an abundant element in all living things

• It can share 4 electrons• It establishes covalent

bonds which are very stable

• It is found in all 4 macromolecules

4 MacromoleculesAll macromolecules are organic (contain carbon)

• Carbohydrates(sugars): act as storageand source of energy

• Lipids (fats): act asstorage of energy; theyare components of cellmembranes

• Proteins: performmultiple cellular functions• Nucleic Acids: holdgenetic message andintervene in theprocessing of geneticinformation

Macromolecules: Hydrocarbon Backbones

• Macromolecules are constituted by hydrocarbon backbones, which mainly provide structural stability

• Through dehydration(or condensation) reactions, monomersare joint together toform polymers

• Hydrolysis reactionsbreak down polymersinto monomers

• Monomer

A molecule that may react chemically to another molecule of the same type to form a larger molecule

Examples: a saccharide, a nucleotide, and an amino acid

• Polymer

A compound made up of several repeating units (monomers)

Examples: disaccharide, DNA, protein,

Of Earthmono

Definition Examples in Biology

Memory Word

picture

one Monomer, monosaccharide

Chart Definitions

• Macromolecule– Biological macromolecules are defined as large molecules made up of

smaller organic molecules called monomers. – There are four Macromolecules

1. Carbohydrates2. Lipids3. Proteins4. Nucleic Acid

Note: The underlined words are already in the chart

Vocabulary

• #4 Monomer is a compound whose molecules can join together to form a polymer. Glucose (C6H12O6) is a monomer.

• #13 A Carbohydrate is an organic compound made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen atoms arranged in rings

• #14 A Lipid is a fatty or waxy organic compound that is not soluble in polar solutions (i.e. water)

Glucose moving from Straight Line model to Ring Formation to 3D representation

The Four MacromoleculesMonosaccharides

MACRO-MOLECULE

MONOMER(S) GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

MAJOR SUBGROUPS, CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH, EXAMPLES

Carbohydrates   

 C(carbon)

 H

(Hydrogen)

 O

(oxygen)

 

 

 

Monosaccharide

 

It is biology's Most efficient

energy source. Main source of

energy

Monosaccharides Simple Sugars Simplest Carbohydrate

Examples of Monosaccharides:Glucose (C6H12O6)Fructose (C6H12O6) Galactose (C6H12O6)

       

Isomers of each other – Same formula C6H12O6 but the atoms are arranged differently

Isomers – All C6H12O6 but atoms are arranged differently.

Vocabulary

• An Isomer is part of a group of molecules that have the same chemical formula but their atoms are arranged differently

These sugars all have the chemical formula C6H12O6 but their atoms are arranged differently.

The Four MacromoleculesDisaccharides

MACRO-MOLECULE

MONOMER(S) GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

MAJOR SUBGROUPS, CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH, EXAMPLES

Carbohydrates   

 C(carbon)

 H

(Hydrogen)

 O

(oxygen)

 

 

 

Monosaccharide

 

It is biology's Most efficient energy

source. Main source of energy

Disaccharides Two Simple Sugars

Examples of Disaccharides:Sucrose (C12H22O11) = Glucose + Fructose:

Common table sugarLactose (C12H22O11) = Glucose + Galactose:

Sugar in Milk – some people are lactose intolerant

Maltose (C12H22O11) = Glucose + Glucose: In Corn Syrup. It is the least common disaccharide.

       

.

The Four MacromoleculesPolysaccharides

MACRO-MOLECULE

MONOMER(S) GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

MAJOR SUBGROUPS, CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH, EXAMPLES

Carbohydrates   

 C(carbon)

 H

(Hydrogen)

 O

(oxygen)

 

 

 

Monosaccharide

 

It is biology's Most efficient energy

source. Main source of energy

Polysaccharides Polymers Many Simple Sugars linked together

Examples of Polysaccharides:Starch (C6H10O5)n - Energy Storage in PlantsGlycogen (C6H10O5)n - Energy Storage in

Animals – 1,700 to 600,000 units of glucoseCellulose (C6H10O5)n - Makes up Plants

Structure – We use it as wood for building, paper, and cotton for clothing

       

.

Vocabulary

• # 7 A Polymer is a large compound made up of several repeating monomer units.

• #2 Cellulose is a polymer of Glucose units. It is a fibrous carbohydrate found in the cell walls of green plants and some algae. It provides strength and rigidity to plant cells.

Glucose Glucose Glucose

Cellulose

Of Earth di

Definition Examples in Biology

Memory Word

picture

two disaccharide

The Four MacromoleculesMACRO-MOLECULE

MONOMER(S) GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

MAJOR SUBGROUPS, CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH, EXAMPLES

Carbohydrates     

 

    Monosaccharides       

Disaccharides      

Polysaccharides    

Lipids           

  Some types of lipids: fats. oils, waxes, steroids, cholesterol   

Saturated fatty acids:   

unsaturated fatty acids: 

The Four MacromoleculesLipids

MACRO-MOLECULE

MONOMER(S) GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

MAJOR SUBGROUPS, CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH, EXAMPLES

Lipids

C(carbon)

H(Hydrogen)

O(oxygen)

 

• 3 Fatty Acids – which are long chains of C–H with a COOH on the end

• And a Glycerol

        

1. Fats and lipids are storage for energy in the form of fat cells..

2. Make up Cell membranes

3. Aid in Vitamins A,D,E, and K absorption.

4. shock absorber to protect vital organs

5. Insulate the body from temperature extremes.

Some types of lipids: fats. oils, waxes, steroids, cholesterol.

Saturated Fatty Acids

No Double Bonds between carbon atoms

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

One double bond

C and H make up most of the molecule.There are only a few Oxygen.

Long chains

Vocabulary

• Cholesterol is a Lipid. It is a small molecule, one of the steroids and is essential to life. It is:

– incorporated in the membranes from which cells are constructed.– Is part of the insulating layers of myelin wound around neurons.– is a starting ingredient for the synthesis of the steroid hormones