Regional Regional CharacteristicCharacteristics in the s in the British North British North American American ColoniesColonies

Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies►Colonies:Colonies:

- - Maryland, Maryland, Virginia,Virginia,

North Carolina, North Carolina, South South

Carolina, Carolina, and and Georgia.Georgia.

►Associated Associated Groups:Groups: Cavaliers Cavaliers

CavaliersCavaliers

Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies

►Government Characteristics:Government Characteristics:- Elected assemblies:- Elected assemblies:

- VA House of Burgesses (1619) - VA House of Burgesses (1619) = 1= 1stst elected assembly in the New elected assembly in the New World.World.- Land determines wealth; Wealth - Land determines wealth; Wealth determines political power.determines political power.- Social structure is based on family - Social structure is based on family status status and ownership of land.and ownership of land.

Virginia House of Virginia House of BurgessesBurgesses

Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies►Government Characteristics Government Characteristics

(cont’d):(cont’d):- Ownership of land required to vote.- Ownership of land required to vote.- Planters play leading roles in colonial - Planters play leading roles in colonial

legislatures. Large landowners in legislatures. Large landowners in the the east dominate colonial east dominate colonial governments and governments and society and society and maintain allegiance to the maintain allegiance to the Church of Church of England and closer social ties England and closer social ties to to Britain than other regions.Britain than other regions.- Poor paid most of the taxes.- Poor paid most of the taxes.

Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies► Religious Characteristics:Religious Characteristics:

- Most people are Anglican (becomes - Most people are Anglican (becomes

Episcopalian Church after the AmericanEpiscopalian Church after the American

Revolution).Revolution).► Economic Characteristics:Economic Characteristics:

- Tidewater area: Economy dominated by- Tidewater area: Economy dominated by

Plantation farming. “Cash crops” Plantation farming. “Cash crops” growngrown

(Tobacco, rice, indigo).(Tobacco, rice, indigo).

Plantation FarmingPlantation Farming

Cash CropsCash Crops

Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies

►Economic Characteristics Economic Characteristics (cont’d):(cont’d):- Initially marked by headright - Initially marked by headright system and indentured servitude.system and indentured servitude.- Indentured servitude replaced by - Indentured servitude replaced by slavery after events like Bacon’s slavery after events like Bacon’s Rebellion.Rebellion.- Piedmont (inland area) = small - Piedmont (inland area) = small farms, hunting, and trading.farms, hunting, and trading.

Indentured ServitudeIndentured Servitude

Small Scale FarmingSmall Scale Farming

New England New England ColoniesColonies

► Colonies:Colonies:

- New Hampshire,- New Hampshire,

Massachusetts,Massachusetts,

Rhode Island, andRhode Island, and

Connecticut.Connecticut.►Associated Associated

Groups:Groups: Puritans, Pilgrims Puritans, Pilgrims

(Separatists).(Separatists).

New England ColoniesNew England Colonies►Government Characteristics:Government Characteristics:

- Government (Governor / Legislative - Government (Governor / Legislative Assembly) elected yearly.Assembly) elected yearly.

- Direct Democracy practiced through- Direct Democracy practiced through

town meetings (Athenian model).town meetings (Athenian model).

- The “Elect” rule.- The “Elect” rule.

- Taxes- Taxes

Town MeetingsTown Meetings

New England ColoniesNew England Colonies

►Government Characteristics Government Characteristics (cont’d):(cont’d):

- “Covenant communities” (Plymouth - “Covenant communities” (Plymouth based on Mayflower Compact and based on Mayflower Compact and Puritan religious beliefs).Puritan religious beliefs).

- Mayflower Compact = established - Mayflower Compact = established the ideas of (1) majority rule and the ideas of (1) majority rule and (2) fair and just laws.(2) fair and just laws.

The Mayflower CompactThe Mayflower Compact

New England ColoniesNew England Colonies

►Religious Characteristics:Religious Characteristics:- Society based on Puritan views of - Society based on Puritan views of the the Anglican Church.Anglican Church.- Social standing based on religious - Social standing based on religious

standing standing - Increasingly intolerant of - Increasingly intolerant of dissenters.dissenters.- RI, Conn. = founded as havens - RI, Conn. = founded as havens (refuges) for Puritan dissenters.(refuges) for Puritan dissenters.

Puritan DissentersPuritan Dissenters

New England ColoniesNew England Colonies

► Economic Characteristics:Economic Characteristics:- - Economic activities: Shipbuilding, Economic activities: Shipbuilding,

shipping, fishing, rum trade, shipping, fishing, rum trade, lumbering, livestock trade, lumbering, livestock trade,

manufacturing (barrels, candles, manufacturing (barrels, candles, salted meats, corn), salted meats, corn),

subsistence subsistence farming.farming.- Puritan belief in hard work.- Puritan belief in hard work.

Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies► Colonies: Colonies:

New York,New York,New Jersey,New Jersey,Pennsylvania,Pennsylvania,and and

Delaware.Delaware.►Associated Associated

Groups:Groups:English, English,

Dutch, Dutch, and and German German Immigrants.Immigrants.

Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies

►Government Characteristics:Government Characteristics:

- Government (Governor / Legislative - Government (Governor / Legislative Assembly) elected yearly.Assembly) elected yearly.

- Incorporate a number of - Incorporate a number of democratic democratic principles that reflect principles that reflect basic rights of basic rights of Englishmen.Englishmen.

- Taxes- Taxes

- William Penn = founded - William Penn = founded PennsylvaniaPennsylvania

Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies►Religious Characteristics:Religious Characteristics:

- Freedom from religious persecution.- Freedom from religious persecution.- Multiple religious groups (PA = - Multiple religious groups (PA = Quakers;Quakers;

MD = Catholics)MD = Catholics)- Freedom of Religion- Freedom of Religion

- Maryland = Religious Toleration - Maryland = Religious Toleration Act Act (1649)(1649)

- Pennsylvania = Charter of - Pennsylvania = Charter of Privileges Privileges (1682)(1682)

Toleration Act of Toleration Act of 16491649

Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies►Economic Characteristics:Economic Characteristics:

- Flexible Social Structure- Flexible Social Structure

- Developed middle class (of skilled - Developed middle class (of skilled workers, artisans, business workers, artisans, business

owners, owners, and small farmers)and small farmers)

- Economic Activities: Trading, - Economic Activities: Trading, shipping, shipping, shipbuilding, livestock shipbuilding, livestock (cattle), grain, (cattle), grain, mining (example: mining (example: iron ore) and small iron ore) and small farms.farms.

Skilled ArtisansSkilled Artisans

Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies

►Economic Characteristics Economic Characteristics (cont’d):(cont’d):

- Variety of goods: to be sold here - Variety of goods: to be sold here in in the colonies and abroad.the colonies and abroad.

- Trading ports: Philadelphia,- Trading ports: Philadelphia,

New York City.New York City.

Major PortsMajor Ports

Concluding ThoughtsConcluding Thoughts► A strong belief in private ownership of property A strong belief in private ownership of property

and free enterprise characterized colonial life and free enterprise characterized colonial life everywhere.everywhere.

► The “Great Awakening was a religious The “Great Awakening was a religious movement that swept both Europe and the movement that swept both Europe and the colonies in the mid-1700s (1740s and 1750s). It colonies in the mid-1700s (1740s and 1750s). It led to the rapid growth of evangelical religions, led to the rapid growth of evangelical religions, such as Methodist and Baptist, and challenged such as Methodist and Baptist, and challenged the established religious and government the established religious and government orders. It laid the social foundations for the orders. It laid the social foundations for the American Revolution.American Revolution.