STORIES FROM THE EDGE OF THE MAP

REGIONAL CONTEXT

LINN

PAT

I

IRENE

INGRID

WHERE THE MAP ENDS...

Sour

ce: w

ww

.bar

ents

info

.org

, ww

w.b

aren

tsob

serv

er.c

om, m

aps.

grid

a.no

BARENT’S SHORT STORY..

Source: www.barentsinfo.org, www.barentsobserver.com, maps.grida.no

THE HISTORY OF THE BARENT REGION SHOWS A STRONG RELATION BETWEEN NEIGHBORS. IT IS CRUCIAL TO UNDERSTAND POLITICAL ROUTES AND STRENGTHS OF HUMAN RELATIONS,THE TRUST THAT UNITES PEOPLE. EVEN IF THE CREATION OF THE BARENTS REGION TOOK PLACE TO INDICATE THE END OF ‘COLD WAR’ ERA IT IS NOT ONLY A POLITICAL ESTABLISHMENT.THE DEVELOPMENT IS POSSIBLE THANK TO THE BOND THAT EXISTS IN THE BARENTS REGION AND IT HAVE BEEN CULTIVATED FOR THE LAST CENTURIES..

A STORY OF PEOPLE...

Sour

ce: w

ww

.arc

ticst

at.o

rg, w

ww

.bar

ents

info

.org

, ww

w.b

aren

tsob

serv

er.c

om

THE AMOUNT OF PEOPLE LIVING IN BARENTS REGION IS APROX 5,5 MILLION. MOST OF THE HABITANTS LIVES IN RUSSIA. HOWEVER AFTER 1989 THE AMOUNT OF POPULATION ON THE RUSSIAN SIDE DECREASED. IN THE LAST 10 YEARS 440.000 MOVED OUT OF THE REGION.

HOWEVER THE GENERAL TENDENCY INDICATES A GROWING POPULATION. AS A STABLE POLITICAL SITUATION AND NEW OPPORTUNITIES IT IS LIKELY THAT THIS NUMBER WILL CONTINUE TO RISE.

WHAT WILL HAPPEN WHEN THE DRIVE FOR NEW OPPORTUNITIES AND MINES WILL FULLY DEVELOP IN THE NORWEGIAN TERRITORIES? WILL IT ATTRACT NEW INHABITANTS?WHAT WILL HAPPEN TO THE EXISTING TOWNS? WILL THEY TRANSFORM DUE TO THE HUGE PROSPECTING INDUSTRIAL BASECITIES?

THE INDUSTRIAL SUBLIME..

Sour

ce: w

ww

.bar

ents

info

.org

, ww

w.b

aren

tsob

serv

er.c

om, w

ww

.bea

c.st

, ww

w.ip

yeas

o.aa

ri.ru

CURRENT INFRASTRUCTURE SITUATION IN BARENTS REGION

RAILWAY CONNECTIONROAD CONNECTION

SEA ROUTEPORT

AIR PORT

INFRASTRUCTURETHE NORTHERN TOUR...

Sour

ce: w

ww

.bar

ents

obse

rver

.com

, ‘No

rther

n Ex

perim

ents

’004

7, e

ivin

d.np

olar

.no

THE COUNTRIES IN THE BARENTS REGION HAVE FOR MANY YEARS BEEN WORKING ON A HARMONIZED TYPE OF JOINT INFRASTRUCTURE. DIFFERENCES IN LINGUISTICS, COUNTRY ECONOMICS AND LANDSCAPE FUTURES LEAVES LOTS OF SPACE FOR POSSIBLE FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS.

AS THE AMOUNT OF EXTRACTED MINERALS WILL RISE SO WILL ITS TRANSPORTATION NEEDS . DUE TO OPENING POSSIBILITIES FOR NEW SEA ROUTES GOING THROUGH NORTHERN NORWAY AND RUSSIA INVESTMENTS IN DEVELOPING THE NEW PORTS WILL BECOME PRIORITIESTHE BARENT REGION WILL PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE BUSINESS COOPERATION WITH ASIA,THEREFORE THE QUALITY AND QUANTITY OF SEA PORTS MUST GROW TO BE ABLE TO HANDLE THE POSSIBLE NEW ECONOMIC ADVENTURE.

NEW DISCOVERIES, NEW INDUSTRIES, NEW DEVELOPMENTS..OLD ROADS..?

1 - TECHNICAL SYSTEM DIFFERENCES2 - TERMINAL UPGRADING NEEDED3 - NARVIK PORT/ MORE CAPACITY INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDED4 - MISSING TRIANGLE CONNECTION ORE LINE - HAPARANDA LINE5 - COASTAL RAILWAY MISSING6 - AXLE WEIGHT LIMIT TOO LOW AND PARTLY NON-ELECTRIFIED7 - SALLA/ALAKURTTI TRACK MISSING8 - KIVIJARVI TERMINAL UPGRADING NEEDED9 - LEDMOZERO - KOCHKOMA ELECTRIFICATION MISSING10 - BELOMORSK - OBOZERSKAYA UPGRADE NEEDED11 - SUOJARVI LINE UPGRADING NEEDED12 - ROAD CONSTRUCTION NEEDED13 - MISSING LINKS KARPOGORY - VENDINGA AND SYKTYVKAR - PERM

RAILWAY TRACK

MISSING LINK

TERMINAL OR LOGISTICS AREAS

THE MISSING TRACKS..

SHORT TERM POTENTIAL

LONG TERM POTENTIAL

ARCHANGELSK CORRIDOR - DIVERSE TRANSITRUUKI, IRON PALLETS FROM SEA TO RAIL

NEW CORRIDOR - TRANSIT TRANSPORT OF CONTAINERSMURMANSK- KIRKENES STEEL TRANSPORTMINING BASED INDUSTRYSTEEL SCRAPTREE TRANSPORT

sour

ce: T

he B

aren

ts R

egio

n –

Whe

re G

as M

eets

Ore

-Si

ntef

, ww

w.a

rctic

-eu

rope

.com

,ipy-

nene

ts.n

pola

r.no,

ww

w.in

terb

altic

.org

ACCESS TO SEA PORTS WILL REQUIRE A GOOD RAILWAY CONNECTION. THE CURRENT RAILWAY STANDARD IN MANY AREAS OF THE BARENTS REGION NEEDS TO BE UPGRADED AND ADAPTED TO NEW CARGO REQUIREMENTS.ONE OF THE MAIN GOALS TO ACHIEVE THIS WILL BE TO IMPROVE CROSSBORDERS TRAFFIC AT THE BORDERS AND MAIN CORRIDORS.

AN IMPORTANT FEATURE IN THE LONG TERM PERSPECTIVE WILL BE TO BUILD THE MISSING RAILWAY CONNECTIONS, INCREASE THE LOAD CAPACITY OF ITS TRACKS, AND IMPROVE MULTIPURPOSE OF THE WAGONS.

IN REGARDS TO SHORT TERM DEVELOPMENTS IT WILL BE CRUCIAL TO OPEN EXISTING RAILWAYS FOR INTERNATIONAL CONNECTIONS. AT THE SAME TIME THE UPGRADING OF IMPORTANT TERMINALS WILL BECOME A PRIORITY.

WILL IT BE POSSIBLE TO GET ON THE TRAIN FROM KIRKENES TO ST.PETERSBURG? OR FROM NARVIK TO CHINA? WHERE WILL YOU BUY THE TICKET TO...?

MAIN CORRIDORSPRIORITISED CORRIDORS

NORTHERN AXIS

MISSING ROAD CONNECTIONINFRASTRUCTURE IN POOR CONDITIONS

NATIONAL OFFICIAL TOURISM FUTURE ROADS

NATIONAL OFFICIAL TOURISM ROADS

MISSING LINKS

MARKETED TOURISM ROADS (NOT OFFICIAL)

CONNECTIONS THE LOST HIGHWAY..So

urce

: ww

w.ip

yeas

o.aa

ri.ru

,ww

w.b

aren

tsin

fo.fi

,eiv

ind.

npol

ar.n

o,Ra

w m

ater

ials

and

infra

stru

ctur

e in

Nor

ther

n Sw

eden

,A

Bare

nts

Tran

spor

t Stra

tegy

-Pr

ogre

ss p

ropo

sal

A CRUCIAL PART OF DEVELOPMENT IS TO IMPROVE TRAFFIC SAFETY INCLUDING HEAVY VEHICLESAS WELL AS PASSENGER TRAFFIC.THE BARENTS REGION WILL BECOME MORE OPEN FOR INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE,THEREFORE ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDS TO BE ADAPTED TO THE COMING NEEDS.

THE CONNECTION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND THE NORDIC COUNTRIES IS CURRENTLY IN POOR CONDITIONS AND NEEDS TO BE IMPROVED.AT THE SAME TIME THERE IS A MASSIVE NEED FOR NEW SOLUTIONS; FOR ROAD USE AND REAL TIME TRAFFIC INFORMATION, SHOWING SPEED LIMITS, ROAD CONDITIONS, TRAFFIC VOLUMES, TOURISM AND ANY ROAD SERVICES.IT IS CRUCIAL TO CREATE SAFE ROAD CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE DESTINATIONS IN THE BARENTS REGION THROUGH THE YEAR. ALL OF THE DEVELOPMENT SHOULD BE STRICTLY LINKED WITH COOPERATION BETWEEN ALL OF THE ‘BARENTS’ COUNTRIES.

THE EXPANSION OF THE REGION IS FURTHERED THROUGH TOURISM DEVELOPMENTS AS WELL AS OTHER INDUSTRIAL ADVENTURES. BY CREATING A POSSIBILITY OF “BARENTS TOURISM” COULD WE THEN INCREASE OPPORTUNITIES FOR OTHER TYPES OF INVESTMENTS?

TOURISTIC ROUTES COULD BECOME AN ADVANTAGE FOR THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT.

IS THERE A CHANCE FOR CONTINUATION OF THE NORWEGIAN ‘TOURISTIC ROUTES’ PROJECT? BARENTS ROUTES ? EXPLORATIONS ON THE TOP ?

NATURAL MONUMENT NATIONAL PARKPROTECTED LANDSCAPE

FOREST DEATH AREADAMAGE DUE TO AIR POLLUTION

PROTECTED AREAS

INNER VISIBLE DAMAGE ZONEOUTER VISIBLE DAMAGE ZONEINNER NON -VISIBLE DAMAGE ZONEOUTER NON-VISIBLE DAMAGE ZONE

AREAS WITH LIMITATIONSSEARCH-DESTROY MISSION

Source:’Northern Experiments’0047, www.barentsinfo.org, www.barentsobserver.com, www.nkmz.com

...AND THAT’S HOW FINISH NEIGHBOURS SCANNED THE AREA.......WHEN SWEDISH NEIGHBOURS SCANNED NORTHERN LANDS....

In 2011 the mineral industry was allocated 25 million NOK, and the same amount will be given during the next 3 years. Focus on mineral resources will strengthen the quality of important data and give knowledge regarding the geology of northern Norway. Most of the money will go to geophysical measurements from aircrafts and helicopters, which will increase the possibility of finding mineral resources significantly.

In the summer of 2011, NGU completed the task of taking geochemical samples from all of the northern regions. About 2200 morrain samples was collected by walking the terrain and digging holes every 30-40 km2.

At the moment a massive search of minerals is taking place, and what lies hidden beneath the ground will soon determine the fate of this northern landscape.

...THE DRILLING HOLES OF THE NORTH : A PERFORATED LANDSCAPE HIDDEN BENEATH THE GROUND..So

urce

: gtk

,ngu

, ww

w.b

aren

tsin

fo.o

rg,s

inte

f, w

ww

.nat

ure.

com

, ww

w.b

aren

tsin

fo.o

rg

...AND THAT’S HOW FINISH NEIGHBOURS SCANNED THE AREA....

HIDDEN BENEATH THE GROUND.. THE PASSENGERS...

Source: www.arctic-europe.com,ipy-nenets.npolar.no,eivind.npolar.no

WHERE WILL THE UPCOMING DEVELOPMENTS TAKE US TO?

INDUSTRY-MINERAL RESOURCES

METAL-MINERAL RESOURCES

FINDINGSRE-DESIGNING THE EARTH

Sour

ce: M

INER

AL R

ESOU

RCES

IN N

ORW

AY 2

009

-NG

U, m

aps.

grid

a.no

, ww

w.a

rctic

-eu

rope

.com

, eiv

ind.

npol

ar.n

o, w

ww

.arc

ticst

at.o

rg

THE NORTHERN RE-FORMERSSo

urce

: ww

w.a

rctic

stat

.org

, ww

w.a

rctic

web

.com

, MIN

ERAL

RES

OURC

ES IN

NOR

WAY

200

9 -

NGU

NORTH COMPARED WITH SOUTHWHAT’S UP?

REINDEER HERDING AREAS

NORWAY REINDEER HERDING CORRIDORS

SWEDISH REINDEER HERDING CORRIDORS

DOMESTIC OR SEMI-DOMESTIC REINDEER

WILD FOREST REINDEER

WILD REINDEER

DOMESTIC AND WILD REINDEER

TYPES OF REINDEER POPULATION IN BARENTS REGION

DISTRIBUTION OF REINDEER POPULATION IN BARENTS REGION

REINDEER CORRIDORS IN NORTHERN NORWAY AREA

THE REINDEER THAT WALKED THROUGH LANDS

Sour

ce: m

aps.

grid

a.no

, kar

t.rei

ndrif

t.no,

ww

w.n

atur

e.co

m, A

ctio

n Pl

an fo

r Ind

igen

ous

Peop

les

in th

e Ba

rent

s Eu

ro-

Arct

ic R

egio

n 20

09-

2012

REINDEERS HAVE LIVED IN THE BARENTS REGION FOR CENTURIES.MOST OF THEM HAVE BEEN DOMESTICATED.REINDEER HUSBANDRY GOES BACK FOR CENTURIES AND HAS BECOME AN IMPORTANT PART OF THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE’S LIVES.

AS AN ANIMAL, REINDEERS MIGRATE THROUGHOUT THE YEAR CREATING CORRIDORS ADAPTED TO THEIR TRAVEL. THIS PROCESS NOWADAYS IS QUITE REGULATED HOWEVER DUE TO THE INCREASING ROLE OF MINING INDUSTRY, HUSBANDRY WILL MEET LOTS OF PROBLEMATIC SITUATIONS LIKE A NEED FOR NEW ROUTES AND NEW CORRIDORS.EVEN IF REINDEERS ADAPTS TO THE NEW SITUATION AND CHOOSES NEW CORRIDORS FOR THEIR MIGRATION,OTHER ISSUES RELATED TO INDUSTRIAL WORK WILL HAVE AN IMPACT; LIKE THE AIR POLLUTION WILL BE A BIG AND IMPORTANT ISSUE.THERE IS A NEED FOR NEW SOLUTIONS.

NORTHERN STRATEGIES

Source:, regjeringen: northern strategies, mineralloven

The purpose of the Act is to promote and ensure socially responsible administration and use of mineral resources in accordance with the principle of sustainable development.

The following interests are safe-guarded:

source: Mineralloven, Regjeringen 2010

The Act applies on Norwegian territory, with the exception of Svalbard. At sea, the Act does not apply outside the boundaries of private property.

an exploration permit does not confer a right to undertake exploration or pilot extraction until the Directorate of Mining has granted a spectial permit for such activities.

an exploring party shall take reasonable steps to obtain information about directly affected Sami interests in the area that is to be explored.

a special permit may be refused if granting the application would be contrary to Sami interests.In the assessment, special consideration shall be given to the interests of Sami culture, reindeer management, commercial activity, and social life.

A B C D E

The Ministry may issue regulations specifying the activities and extraction covered by the Act. The Directorate of Mining may make corresponding deter-minations by way of individual decision.

Exploration in Finnmark is different

The Act applies to activities conducted with the objective of surveying mineral resources for the purposes of extrac-

The Act applies to any extraction of mineral deposits. However, the Act does not apply to extraction that primarily forms part of other exploitation of the land.

Value creation & industrial commercial development

Foundation of Sami culture, com-mercial activity and social life

Surroundings and nearby areas while operations are being carried out

Environmental consequences of extraction

Long-term planning relating to subse-quent use or reclamation of the area

january 1st 2010MINERALS ACT

EXCEPTIONS:

If the application is granted, conditions may be imposed to safeguard these interests.When processing the application, the Direc-torate of Mining shall give the landowner, the Sameting (the Sami Parliament), the municipal-ity, and the relevant area board and district board for reindeer management an opportunity to comment.If the Sameting or the landowner opposes the granting of an application, the Ministry shall decide the application.If the Ministry grants an application in a case as described in the fifth paragraph, an appeal to the King by the Sameting or the landowner shall have a suspensive effect.

MINERAL PACT

Source:, regjeringen: northern strategies, mineralloven

STRATEGIC POINTS THE NORTHERN EMPIRE

Source:, The Barents Region – Where Gas Meets Ore -Sintef, www.arctic-europe.com, www.arcticweb.com, www.samimuseum.fi

HOW DO THEY TO IT?LOOKING TO...

Yesterday Today Tomorrow

?

Yesterday Today Tomorrow

Economiccooperat ion withRussia

Addit ional funds, growing populat ion & business act iv it ies

No

rwe

gia

n/

Ru

ss

ian

bo

rde

r

No

rwe

gia

n/

Ru

ss

ian

bo

rde

r

WHAT IS TO COME?

?

PROMOTING NORTH

Source: ww

w.arcticw

eb.com, W

ORLD PORT KIRKENES GROUP AS, MINERAL RESOURCES IN NORW

AY 2009 -NGU,ngu,sintef

CASE STUDIESZOOMING IN..