Do-NowDo-NowPresentations of creative

writing assignments…

Sportscasters

and

Historians

Monday, February Monday, February 2323rdrd

AgendaAgenda• Do-Now• Introduction to Sectionalism v. Nationalism• Reading comprehension worksheets

HomeworkHomeworkAs modeled in class, use your reading comprehension guides to read Chapter 8, Section 1

SectionalismSectionalism

Regional Regional Economies Create Economies Create

DifferencesDifferences

President President James MadisonJames Madison►44thth President President

2 consecutive terms 2 consecutive terms (1809-1817)(1809-1817) Continued the VA Continued the VA

dynastydynasty

►Promoted American Promoted American

societysociety

Repercussions of WarRepercussions of War

► Highlighted the need for a national Highlighted the need for a national bankbank

exposed the weakness of the American financial systemexposed the weakness of the American financial system

► Brought attention to inadequate Brought attention to inadequate American infrastructureAmerican infrastructure

► Stimulated IndustryStimulated Industry International trade had become International trade had become

difficult to impossible during the difficult to impossible during the warwar

SectionalismSectionalism(or Regionalism)(or Regionalism)

► Sectionalism:Sectionalism: Devotion to one’s

state or region Pride, priority,

and personal interest in your region over the nation as a whole

► New technology emphasizes regional New technology emphasizes regional differencesdifferences North: IndustrializedNorth: Industrialized South: Slave based societySouth: Slave based society West: Frontiersmen, wildernessWest: Frontiersmen, wilderness

NationalismNationalism►NationalismNationalism

Devotion to one’s country or nationDevotion to one’s country or nation Priority lies in the nation as a whole, not the Priority lies in the nation as a whole, not the

individual regionsindividual regions

SectionalismSectionalismNationalismNationalism

ExampleExamplePages 272 – 276, two sectionsPages 272 – 276, two sections

Section Title and page # and your prediction about what you’re about to read

Pg 272 – The Industrial RevolutionI think this section will be about…

Paraphrase: Briefly summarize the information in this section

The industrial revolution…Specifics…

My Thoughts: i.e. “This reminds me of…” “I still don’t understand…” “I’m still wondering…”

This one’s about making a personal connection, questioning, analyzing

List important dates, names, laws, policies from this section

Think… what information, in this section, would I likely see on a test? Include important names, dates, events and themes.

HomeworkHomework► Chapter 8, Section 1Chapter 8, Section 1

► Read Read carefully carefully and use your reading charts to organize and use your reading charts to organize the information from pages 272-276, the first two the information from pages 272-276, the first two red red headingsheadings. You should complete at least 2 of the . You should complete at least 2 of the charts provided (you may use more than 2 if you’d charts provided (you may use more than 2 if you’d prefer).prefer).

► Think about it… Think about it… What information in the reading might have What information in the reading might have

contributed to the regional divisions we know today?contributed to the regional divisions we know today?

Do-NowDo-Now

Discussion of “Connections” from last night’s homework

Write a 1 paragraph summary of what we learned yesterday in class.

Make sure to define “Sectionalism” and “Nationalism” in your own words.

Tuesday, February Tuesday, February 2424thth

AgendaAgenda• Do-Now• Notes

HomeworkHomeworkCONTINUED FROM YESTERDAY

As modeled in class, use your reading comprehension guides to complete Chapter 8, Section 1

Make a prediction…Make a prediction…

We know what examples of We know what examples of sectionalism exist today, sectionalism exist today,

but how did these but how did these differences come about?differences come about?

What is an Industrial What is an Industrial Revolution?Revolution?

Changes in TechnologyChanges in Technology

MACHINESMACHINES Individual Individual Craftsmanship Craftsmanship

► Manufacturing becomes Manufacturing becomes the basis for the economythe basis for the economy

► Factory SystemFactory System Interchangeable partsInterchangeable parts Mass productionMass production CheaperCheaper, , fasterfaster, more , more

efficientefficient

► INDUSTRIALIZATIONINDUSTRIALIZATIONa.k.a. Industrial Revolutiona.k.a. Industrial Revolution

The roots of changeThe roots of change► Began in GB Began in GB ► Inventors create new Inventors create new

ways to ways to generate powergenerate power used water and coalused water and coal

► Technology “crosses the pond”Technology “crosses the pond” Samuel Slater, 1793, Pawtucket, RISamuel Slater, 1793, Pawtucket, RI

► War turned American focus War turned American focus toward toward domestic manufacturingdomestic manufacturing Takes the place of international tradeTakes the place of international trade b/c of embargo, blockadesb/c of embargo, blockades

Slater’s Mill was a good Slater’s Mill was a good start,start,

but it only produced the thread…but it only produced the thread…

► New technology is needed to complete the New technology is needed to complete the process…process… 1813 Francis C. Lowell, Nathan Appleton and Patrick T. 1813 Francis C. Lowell, Nathan Appleton and Patrick T.

Jackson’s mechanized Jackson’s mechanized weavingweaving factory in Waltham, MA factory in Waltham, MA Later turned Lowell, MA into an industrial centerLater turned Lowell, MA into an industrial center

Local Local History!History!

► The old red mill at The old red mill at Clinton, NJClinton, NJ Built 1812 to process Built 1812 to process

woolwool Eventually used for grist Eventually used for grist

milling, plaster and talc milling, plaster and talc grinding, graphite grinding, graphite processing, and peach-processing, and peach-basket productionbasket production

An example of harmony An example of harmony between man’s needs between man’s needs and nature’s possibilitiesand nature’s possibilities

► Even MORE localEven MORE local Allaire and Batsto Allaire and Batsto

VillageVillage Also industrial townsAlso industrial towns

FactoriesFactories

The “North”The “North”►These industrial These industrial

changes were changes were associated primarily associated primarily with the Northwith the North

► But change was happing in But change was happing in the southern states, as the southern states, as well…well…

The “South”The “South”

►Also affected by the industrial Also affected by the industrial revolution…revolution…

Eli Whitney & his Cotton Eli Whitney & his Cotton ‘Gin‘Gin

► InventorInventor, , experimented with experimented with interchangeable interchangeable partsparts (assembly systems)(assembly systems)

► Made cotton Made cotton production production profitableprofitable with his “Cotton Gin”with his “Cotton Gin”

► Suddenly, much Suddenly, much more cottonmore cotton could be could be processed in much processed in much less timeless time..

click for animated patent drawing

How would this change the How would this change the Southern States?...Southern States?...

Effects of the Cotton GinEffects of the Cotton Gin

► Slavery became even more important to the South Slavery became even more important to the South ► Demand for profitable cotton risesDemand for profitable cotton rises

““King Cotton & King Cotton & The Peculiar The Peculiar Institution”Institution”

► Yield of raw cotton doubled each decadeYield of raw cotton doubled each decade after 1800. after 1800. ► Fueled by other machines of the revolutionFueled by other machines of the revolution

spinning and spinning and weaving machinesweaving machines, and , and steamboatssteamboats to transport it to transport it

► Most cotton was shipped out to be manufactured into Most cotton was shipped out to be manufactured into cloth. cloth. At mid century the South provided 3/5ths of America's exports -- At mid century the South provided 3/5ths of America's exports --

most of it in cotton.most of it in cotton.

► Increased the need for slavesIncreased the need for slaves to pick the cotton. to pick the cotton. In 1790 there were In 1790 there were 66 slave statesslave states; in 1860 there were ; in 1860 there were 1515. .

► From 1790 until 1808 (when Congress banned the From 1790 until 1808 (when Congress banned the importation of slaves from Africa), Southerners imported importation of slaves from Africa), Southerners imported 80,00080,000 Africans. Africans. By 1860 approximately 1 in 3 Southerners was a slave.By 1860 approximately 1 in 3 Southerners was a slave.

What about the What about the “Old “Old

Northwest”?Northwest”?

► Also became a farming society, but the sorts Also became a farming society, but the sorts of crops grown in this region (OH, IN, IL, WI, of crops grown in this region (OH, IN, IL, WI, MI) did not require as much labor to growMI) did not require as much labor to grow Therefore not much need for slaveryTherefore not much need for slavery

Do-NowDo-Now

Take out your packets from yesterday, we’ll begin by finishing the notes.

Wednesday, February Wednesday, February 2525thth

AgendaAgenda• HW check • Finish notes from yesterday• “Big questions” worksheet• AmeAmerican rican System System AdvertisementAdvertisement

HomeworkHomeworkMAYBE: Finish your AmeAmerican rican System System AdvertisementAdvertisement

A need to A need to unify…unify…

► Henry ClayHenry Clay (remember him?) (remember him?) Speaker of the houseSpeaker of the house Saw a need to unite the different Saw a need to unite the different

regions of the US and create a regions of the US and create a strong, stable economy that strong, stable economy that would make the US self-sufficientwould make the US self-sufficient

► Supported President Madison’s wish to unify Supported President Madison’s wish to unify the nation, called it the nation, called it

““The American The American System”System”

The American The American SystemSystem

►Develop Develop transportationtransportation systems and other systems and other internal internal improvementsimprovements

►Establish a Establish a protective tariffprotective tariff►Resurrect the Resurrect the national banknational bank

(established during Washington’s (established during Washington’s administration under Hamilton’s administration under Hamilton’s guidance, but then diminished by guidance, but then diminished by Jefferson)Jefferson)

Railroads Railroads First steam First steam locomotive in the US locomotive in the US in 1825 – better for in 1825 – better for weather, all terrain, weather, all terrain, fasterfaster

Roads Roads turnpikes had tolls to turnpikes had tolls to pay for themselvespay for themselves

national road from national road from Maryland to IllinoisMaryland to Illinois

Improved InfrastructureImproved Infrastructure

The Erie The Erie CanalCanal

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=23GDoyaxIig&feature=related

The Erie CanalThe Erie CanalOne example of an “Internal Improvement” to One example of an “Internal Improvement” to transportation transportation

was the Erie Canalwas the Erie Canal““The Big Ditch” stretched 363 miles.The Big Ditch” stretched 363 miles.Linked the Hudson River to Lake Erie (Atlantic to Great Linked the Hudson River to Lake Erie (Atlantic to Great

Lakes).Lakes).A great success, it inspired many more canals.A great success, it inspired many more canals.

Canals v. RoadsCanals v. Roads

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=23GDoyaxIig&feature=related

Tariffs and the National Tariffs and the National BankBank

►Tariff of 1816 Tariff of 1816 tax on imported goodstax on imported goods

►Tariffs further divided the regions…Tariffs further divided the regions… Most Most NorthernersNortherners approved, approved, SouthernersSoutherners

resented the increased price of importsresented the increased price of imports

►Proposed by Madison and Clay to Proposed by Madison and Clay to protect the value of American goods protect the value of American goods Made imports unaffordableMade imports unaffordable Would help pay for roads, canals, Would help pay for roads, canals, lighthouseslighthouses

B.U.S.B.U.S.Bank of the United StatesBank of the United States

► Most regions approvedMost regions approved► A Second National Bank A Second National Bank

would:would: regulate a nationwide regulate a nationwide

currencycurrency

► In 1816, Congress In 1816, Congress chartered the 2chartered the 2ndnd BUS for BUS for a 20 year perioda 20 year period

Local Local HistoryHistory

In June 1834,Congress appropriated $6,000 for In June 1834,Congress appropriated $6,000 for construction of a lighthouse at the north end construction of a lighthouse at the north end of Long Beach Island . Then a 40-foot tower, of Long Beach Island . Then a 40-foot tower, Barnegat Lighthouse was put into Barnegat Lighthouse was put into commission in 1835. It's non-flashing, 5th-commission in 1835. It's non-flashing, 5th-class light was soon deemed inadequate by class light was soon deemed inadequate by mariners of the day, so in 1855, Lt. George mariners of the day, so in 1855, Lt. George G. Meade, a government engineer, was G. Meade, a government engineer, was assigned to design a new lighthouse. Meade, assigned to design a new lighthouse. Meade, an 1835 West Point graduate, had recently an 1835 West Point graduate, had recently designed Absecon Lighthouse, but he earned designed Absecon Lighthouse, but he earned his place in history in the War between the his place in history in the War between the States. Promoted to brigadier general, Meade States. Promoted to brigadier general, Meade defeated General Lee in the Battle of defeated General Lee in the Battle of Gettysburg. Gettysburg.

Encroaching seas threatened the original Encroaching seas threatened the original lighthouse so its light was installed atop a lighthouse so its light was installed atop a temporary wooden tower in June 1857 and temporary wooden tower in June 1857 and the original lighthouse fell into the sea later the original lighthouse fell into the sea later that year. that year.

Meade submitted his construction plans in Meade submitted his construction plans in 1855 and construction began in late 1856. 1855 and construction began in late 1856. The new tower would be four times as tall as The new tower would be four times as tall as the previous and cost about $40,000. It was the previous and cost about $40,000. It was built about 100 feet south of the original built about 100 feet south of the original because erosion in the inlet remained a because erosion in the inlet remained a problem. problem.

Barnegat Light, the second tallest lighthouse Barnegat Light, the second tallest lighthouse in the United States, was commissioned in the United States, was commissioned January 1, 1859. It remained a first-class January 1, 1859. It remained a first-class navigational light until August 1927, when navigational light until August 1927, when the tower's light was reduced over 80 per the tower's light was reduced over 80 per cent, but it was not extinguished until cent, but it was not extinguished until January 1944. January 1944.     

Barnegat LighthouseBarnegat LighthouseBarnegat Light, Long Beach Barnegat Light, Long Beach

Island Island     

American Plan American Plan AdvertisementAdvertisement

You’re Hired!You’re Hired!► Needed: advertising executives to promote Clay’s and Needed: advertising executives to promote Clay’s and

Madison’s “Madison’s “AmeAmerican rican SystemSystem” ” for the good of the for the good of the nationnation

► Your advertisements should explain all three parts of Your advertisements should explain all three parts of the plan and include a catchy slogan or jingle along the plan and include a catchy slogan or jingle along with at least one graphic to catch the public’s interest. with at least one graphic to catch the public’s interest.

► Persuade the public that these changes are a great Persuade the public that these changes are a great idea, build support for the program and the president!idea, build support for the program and the president!

Advertising Executives earn a 15 pt. Advertising Executives earn a 15 pt. homework grade these dayshomework grade these days

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