REGIONAL PROJECT FOR INLAND FISHERIES PLANNING, DEVELOPMENT ANDMANAGEMENT IN EA-STERN/CENTRAL/SOUTHERN AFRICA (LEIF.)

C

RAF/87/099-TD/45/92 (En) November 1992

Report of a Regional Meeting for the Managementof Lake Victoria and the Creation of a Lake

Victoria Fisheries Commission(Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania 20-23 October 1992)

Ethiopia

Kenya

Tanzania

Mozambique

Zimbabwe

Malawi

Zambia

Zaire

Burundi

Rwanda

Uganda

UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME

;44 ,

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

RAF/87/099-TD/45/92 (En) November 1992

Report of a Regional Meeting for the Managementof Lake Victoria and the Creation of a Lake

Victoria Fisheries Commission(Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania 20-23 October 1992)

Compiled by

Dr. D. Gr6bovalCoordinator, IFIP Project

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONSUNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME

Bujumbura, November 1992

UNDP/FAO Regional Project RAF/87/099-TD/45/92 (EN)for Inland Fisheries PlanningDevelopment and Management inEastern/Central/Southern Africa

The conclusions and recommendations given in this andother reports in the IFIP project series are thoseconsidered appropriate at the time of preparation. Theymay be modified in the light of further knowledge gainedat subsequent stages of the Project. The designationsemployed and the presentation of material in thispublication do not imply the expression of any opinion onthe part of FAO or UNDP concerning the legal status ofany country, territory, city or area, or concerning thedetermination of its frontiers or boundaries.

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PREFACE

The IFIP project started in January 1989 with the main objective ofpromoting a more effective and rational exploitation of the fisheriesresources of major water bodies of Eastern, Central and Southern Africa. Theproject is executed by the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the UnitedNations (FAO), and funded by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)for a duration of four years.

There are eleven countries and three intergovernmental organisationsparticipating in the project: Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique,Uganda, Rwanda, Tanzania, Zambia, Zaire, Zimbabwe, The Communauté Economiquedes Pays des Grands Lacs (CEPGL), The Preferential Trade Area for Eastern andSouthern African States (PTA) and the Southern African DevelopmentCoordination Conference (SADCC).

The immediate objectives of the project are: (i) to strengthen regionalcollaboration for the rational development and management of inland fisheries,particularly with respect to shared water bodies; (ii) to provide advisoryservices and assist Governments in sectoral and project planning; (iii) tostrengthen technical capabilities through training; and (iv) to establish aregional information base.

PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT

The present document is the report of a Regional Meeting for theManagement of Lake Victoria and the Creation of a Lake Victoria FisheriesCommission held in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania from 20 to 24 October 1992. Thissenior level meeting addressed a number of issues related to the status ofLake Victoria's fisheries and their management. It recommended the creationof a Lake Victoria Fisheries Commission and adopted a draft Convention. Themeeting also reviewed requirements for external assistance and adopted twelveproject profiles.

The draft Convention and the project profiles are published herein asappendices to the minutes of the meeting.

IFIP PROJECTFAO

B.P 1250BUJUMBURABURUNDI

Telex : FOODAGRI BDI 5092 Fax 227705 Tel. 224328

IFIP PUBLICATIONS

Publications of the IFIP project are issued in two series:

A series of technical documents (RAF/87/099-TD) related to meetings,missions and research organized by the project.

A series of working papers (RAF/87/099-WP) related to more specificfield and thematic investigations conducted in the framework of the project.

For both series, reference is further made to the document number (45),the year of publication (92) and the language in which the document is issued:English (En) or French (Fr).

For bibliographic purposes this documentshould be cited as follows:

Gréboval, D. (ed.), Report of a Regional Meeting for the1992 Management of Lake Victoria and the

Creation of a Lake Victoria Fisheries Commission.UNDP/FAO Regional Project for Inland FisheriesPlanning (IFIP). RAF/87/099/TD/45/92 (En): 68p.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Pages

Introduction v-vi

Report of a Regional Meeting for the Management of Lake Victoriaand the Creation of a Lake Victoria Fisheries Commission 1

LIST OF IFIP REPORTS - LISTES DES RAPPORTS PPEC 62

Appendix 1 : List of Participants 10

Appendix 2 : Agenda for the Meeting 11

Appendix 3 : Draft Convention on the establishment of the LakeVictoria Fisheries Commission 13

Appendix 4 : Project Profiles : Lake Victoria Fisheries Researchand Management 22

INTRODUCTION

The present document constitutes the Report of a RegionalMeeting for the Management of Lake Victoria and the Creation ofa Lake Victoria Fisheries Commission held in Dar es Salaam,Tanzania from 20 to 24 October, 1992. The meeting was convenedat the initiative of the UNDP/FAO Regional Project for InlandFisheries Planning, Development and Management in Eastern-Central- Southern Africa (IFIP), following on a recommendationof the CIFA Sub-Committee for the Development and Management ofthe Fisheries of Lake Victoria. At its Sixth Session held inJinja 10-13 February 1992, the Sub-Committee indeed consideredthe creation of a Lake Victoria Fisheries Commission andappointed an ad hoc committee to follow up the drafting of aprotocol in view of addressing this issue and related regionalfisheries management issues at a special meeting to be convenedby IFIP.

The objectives of the meeting were to review the status ofthe fisheries and their management, to elaborate a draftconvention for the establishment of a Lake Victoria FisheriesCommission, and to assess requirements for external support. Itwas attended by delegations from Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda,headed by the Permanent/Principal Secretary of the Ministryresponsible for fishery management. The list of participants andthe agenda of the meeting are given in Appendix 1 and 2

respectively. In addition to the minutes of the meeting, thereport contains two major appendices: A draft convention for theestablishment of a Lake Victoria Fisheries Commission (Appendix3), and a set of project profiles indicative of requirements forexternal assistance (Appendix 4).

The meeting expressed great concern at growing signs ofover-exploitation of major fish stocks, and of environmentaldegradation. Against this background, the meeting stronglysupported the establishment of a Lake Victoria FisheriesCommission to foster close cooperation and collabaration for themanagement of the Lake and its fisheries. The heads ofdelegations agreed on the minutes of the meeting and on the draftConvention, further resolving to submit the draft Convention totheir respective governments as indicated on page 9 of thisdocument.

The meeting also discussed requirements for externalassistance and adopted a set of 12 project profiles indicativeof present requirements for research and management. Theconclusions_and recommendations of the meeting, as well as theproject profiles were presented to donors in a special debriefingsession. Donors who attended this session, or were otherwisedirectly informed of its outcome, include: Canada, Denmark(Danida), EEC, Finland, Japan (Jica), UNDP, and the World Bank.

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Donors expressed general interest in assisting riparianstates in their effort to address the important fisheries andenvironmental issues raised by the meeting. Concern was alsovoiced by donors about the need to coordinate the variousprojects proposed, especially for those that are clearlycomplementary. In this regard, they expressed their support tothe initiative taken by riparian states to establish suchmechanism through the proposed Commision and its Secretariat. Itwas noted that in the preparation of project profiles, researchand management concerns took precedence over strictlydevelopment-oriented projects, under the assumption that thesewould have to be addressed essentially at national level. In thiscontext, general support to fisheries communities throughintegrated or multi-purpose development projects was noted asparticularly relevant.

Background documentation for the meeting was prepared by theIFIP Project, and included:

The fisheries of Lake Victoria: Review of basic data, byD. Gréboval and P. Mannini, (to be published as IFIP WorkingPaper # 16);

Regional Framework for the management of the fisheries ofLake Victoria, by I. Dunn and G. Ssentongo, (to be published asIFIP Technical Document #46);

A series of draft project profiles prepared incollaboration with the fisheries departments and research centresof the three countries concerned. An edited version of theseprofiles is presented in Appendix 4, taking into considerationamendments proposed by the meeting.

In the preparation of this meeting, assistance was alsoprovided by the Norway/FAO Fisheries Management and Law AdvisoryProgramme (FIMLAP). The Programme supported the elaboration ofa draft convention by legal consultant R. Macmanus, as well asthe provision of further advisory services on legal mattersduring the meeting itself.

Further assistance from IFIP/FIMLAP, and from FAO ingeneral, was requested by the meeting with respect tofacilitating the establishment of the proposed Lake VictoriaFisheries Commission, and the implementation of its programme ofaction in collaboration with various donors.

REPORT OF A REGIONAL MEETING FOR THE MANAGEMENT OFLAKE VICTORIA AND THE CREATION OF A LAKE VICTORIA

FISHERIES COMMISSION.

Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 20 - 23 October, 1992

OPENING OF THE MEETING.

1. The Regional Meeting for the Management of Lake Victoriaand the creation of Lake Victoria fisheries Commission(LVFC) was held in Dar es Salaam Tanzania from 20 to 23October, 1992.

2 The Meeting was attended by delegates from Kenya, Tanzaniaand Uganda as well as staff members of FAO of the UnitedNations. The list of delegates is given in Appendix 1.

The Principal Secretary Mr. Paul Mkanga opened the Meetingand read the speech on behalf of the Honourable A. Y.Mgumia (MP) Minister for Tourism, Natural Resources andEnvironment.

The Hon. Minister emphasized the importance of managing theLake Victoria fisheries with the objective of maximizingthe socio-economic benefits. The Lake had several multi-purpose uses of regional importance, including fishingtransport, agriculture and tourism. It was underlined thatthe Lake Victoria now relies on three targeted Commercialspecies: Nile perch (Lates niloticus), the Nile tilapia orsato (Oreochromis niloticus) and Dagaa (Rastríneobola).Most of the other traditional species had almostdisappeared.

It was stressed that the environment of Lake Victoria hadalso changed. The water hyacinth had infested the lake andwas spreading at an alarming rate. All these changesrequired a regional approach to rational management.

The Minister's speech highlighted the fact that thecreation of the Lake Victoria Fisheries Commission was inline with the current effort to revitalise cooperationamong the three countries of the former East AfricanCommunity.

Mr. S. Najam the Deputy FAO Representative in Tanzaniamoved the vote of thanks, endorsed the facts expressedin the Minister's speech and further stressed the benefitsof Lake Victoria and its fisheries to the people of Kenya,Tanzania and Uganda. He pointed out the role of FAO of theUnited Nations in the management of Lake Victoria fisheriesas well as the contribution of UNDP and other donoragencies.

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ELECTION OF CHAIRMAN AND VICE-CHAIRMAN

Tanzania and Uganda were elected to provide the Chairmanand Vice-Chairman respectively.

It was agreed that FAO and the IFIP Project provide themeeting with the Secretariat whereas Mr.P. Kamande(Kenya),Prof. P.Bwathondi (Tanzania) and Mr.A.W. Kudhongania(Uganda) were selected as rapporteurs - reporting on thefollowing:

Status of fisheries and management;Lake Victoria Fisheries Commission; andExternal support and project profiles.

ADOPTION OF THE AGENDA

The annotated Agenda and timetable were adopted as shown inAppendix 2.

STATUS OF FISHERIES

Dr. Greboval, the Coordinator(IFIP Project) gave a resumeon the status of fisheries. Generally the catches haveincreased rapidly to 500,000 t. In the Kenyan sector ofthe Lake, there now is an increase of catch of dagaa andtilapias and decrease in catch of Nile Perch. As forUganda the catch appears to have stabilized around 120,000t and there is a rapid increase in catch of Rastrineobola.It was noted that Rastrineobola argentea (dagaa) wasincreasing globally and that the tilapiine species (mainly0.niloticus) were increasing and tending to stabilize. Itwas also observed that the fishing effort and fishprocessing plants were still on the increase but theaverage size of fish in the catch was decreasing. In thiscircumstances, there was a need to control effort andprocessing plants capacity.

The delegates noted that the economic and nutritional gainsfrom Lake Victoria have been quite remarkable. In theearly 1970's the catch ranged from 50,000 to 100,000 t.The present catch (1992) is about 500,000 t. There was,however, an urgent need to standardize statistical systemsin order to eliminate biased estimates of fishing effortand nominal catches.

Concern was expressed at the growing evidence of oneexploitation of major fish stocks. It was noted thataggregate records as presented by the secretariat areindeed masking many sign of over exploitation andproliferation of detrimental fishing practices. The rapiddecrease in mesh size and its impact on recruitment and onthe sustainability of the fisheries are issues of majorconcern to the three riparian states.

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The delegates observed that limnological factors and theenvironment of Lake Victoria in general had also changed.The lake was less stratified prior to the 1970's whereasnow the deeper waters are less oxygenated and the lake isalmost permanently stratified below 25m depth. Besides,the water hyacinth had infested the lake. All thesechanges required a regional approach to the management ofLake Victoria fisheries and protection of the environmentof the lake basin.

MANAGEMENT AND STRATEGY.

Mr G. Ssentongo (UNDP/FAO) IFIP Project briefly outlinedthe guidelines for a lake-wide programme of fisheriesmanagement based on the proposals prepared by I. G. Dunn(FAO Consultant) and the UNDP\FAO Regional FisheriesProject (IFIP).

It was realised that for the foreseeable future allfisheries regulation and management measures will beimplemented through the application of national laws.These will be enforced by the administrations of each ofthe riparian states. Therefore, initially, any regulatoryfunction of a regional body such as the Lake VictoriaFisheries Commission will initially be advisory andconsultative.

Any regulatory framework must also be flexible in itsresponse to changing conditions. The constant provision ofdata which should be part of a regional activity willprovide the necessary information to enable the currentregulations to be continually assessed and modified.

The common management issues derived from the threenational seminar were introduced and discussed. It wasnoted that there was conformity to most of the managementissues and measures.

It was noted with concern noted that there is still nounanimity on the following issues and measures.

minimum gill net mesh size for Lates niloticus;minimum gill net mesh size for Bagrus, Ciarías andProtopterus;mosquito netting for Dagaa (Rastrineobola);traps and weirs fisheries;trawling; andapproaches to environment protection sitting controland pollution abatement around Lake Victoria.

21. The priorities and prospects for management were introducedand discussed by the delegates. It was agreed that themajor areas of research that require a regional approach toprovide information for management are:

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an assessment of the status of the fish populationsand a definition of any trends in the status of thestocks;

an assessment of the limnological status of the lakeand the definition of any changes with time;

an assessment of the fishing activity lake-wide andthe definition of any changes that occur; and

monitoring and assessment of the socio-economics ofthe fishing industry and of the economics of alllevels of trading activities.

22. It was noted that there are particular problems andactivities which have a lake-wide dimension and which needconcerted action by the riparian states. These problemsand activities are as follows:

identification and evaluation of sources of pollutionaffecting the quality of the lake waters, and thepresenting proposals for their mitigation;

identification and evaluation of destructive fishingmethods with recommendations for appropriate actionsat national level;

e) assessment of particular problems with a lake-widedimension (e.g. water hyacinth infestation) andpresentation of proposals for mitigation; and

d) carrying out trials and technical development toestablish the optimum fishing operations for theexploitation of the Ratrineobola stocks.

23 Serious consideration was given to national regulatorymeasures and national socio-economic interventions. Thesemeasures include conflicts between various fisheries; post-harve$t activities, licence fees, market fees and taxes.It was observed that some national regulations stillconflict with ideal national and regional managementmeasures. Therefore, there is a need to harmonize theinterventions in order to maximize benefits from thefishing industry around the lake.

24 The proposed framework of regulatory measures for LakeVictoria was outlined. The delegates considered thepossibilities and limitation of implementing the followingmeasures:

control of entry into the fishery;

licensing of boats and fishermen;

regulation of fishing gears (mesh size limits) andtechniques (trawling);

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regulation of fishing seasons and areas or locations;

regulation of trading, transport and processing; and

the average size of fish landed.

25. The delegates noted with concern the disparities betweenthe riparian states regarding legislation, implementationand enforcement of these measures. It was expressed thatthe differing measures would eventually be harmonized underthe framework and forum of the Lake Victoria FisheriesCommission and through the revision of legislation by eachof the riparian states.

26. The delegates from the three riparian states stronglysupported the existence of a Lake Victoria FisheriesCommission to harmonize research and management strategiesfor the Lake Victoria Basin. An important scientificfunction of the Commission should be to foster closeinternational cooperation, standardization of research andmanagement methods, cross-calibration of scientificinstruments, and continuity of monitoring fishing trends.

THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE LAKE VICTORIA FISHERIESCOMMISSION.

27. The delegates examined in detail and discussed the draftconvention on the establishment of the Lake VictoriaFisheries Commission (LVFC). The workshop modified thevarious paragraphs to produce the revised version given inAppendix 3.

28. The following items were identified which will requirefurther elaboration and possibly form the subject ofprotocols of convention.

Obligations and responsibilities of host country tothe secretariat (Host country agreement);

Staffing of secretariat and recruitment of staff; and

Legal status of the Commission and of Commissioners.

29. The meeting requested continuing assistance from FAO tofinalize the draft and prepare protocols and annexes asappropriate.

30. The delegates expressed the need for self-financing of thecommission. However, as an interim measure, FAO wasrequested to fund the first meeting of the Commission,possibly under the activities of the CIFA Sub-Committee forLake Victoria and eventually to provide assistance inlocating donors to finance the programmes of thecommission.

PROJECT PROFILE.

Noting the various concerns expressed by the meetingregarding the status of the fisheries, increasing evidenceof exploitation of fish stocks and the deterioration of thelake environment, the delegates considered the variousrequirements for external assistance in addressing theseissues. A number of project profiles were reviewed in thiscontext for presentation and financing by donors asfollows.

INTRODUCTION OF CATAMARAN AND LIFT NETS IN LAKE VICTORIA.

The objective of this project is to acceleratedissemination of this technique in Uganda and Kenya. Thedesirability of utilizing local expertise for extension ofthis technique was identified and the issue of capitalizingon the new fishing method was raised. It was noted that itwould be desirable to include increased operational costsinto the project to improve its eventual sustainability.Uganda supported this project as it would result in theimprovement of Uganda fishing capacity. Kenya also feltthe project would be interesting because the extension ofthis technique would make available to the expanding fishmeal industry in Kenya.-

IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPANSION OF INDUSTRIAL FISHPROCESSING CAPACITIES AROUND LAKE VICTORIA.

The project is aimed at providing guidelines for investmentand improvement of the processing of Nile Perchparticularly with regard to the quality of its product.The project was strongly supported particularly in view ofthe need to confirm to internationally accepted standardsfor quality of the Nile Perch exports.

BIOLOGY AND FISHERY OF RASTRINEOBOLA ARGENTEA IN LAKEVICTORIA

The project aims at supporting a one year monitoring of theRastrineobola fishery around the lake as a continuation ofan activity currently financed by IFIP project. Highpriority was assigned to the project in view of theimportance of Rastrineobola both as a fishery (it is thesecond species by weight in the catch) and as food for theNile Perch. Activities under the project would complimentproject 1. It was felt that the equipment component ofthis project should be adjusted to account for theextension of the studies of stocks in the three states.

CONTROL AND MONITORING OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES IN THE LAKEVICTORIA BASIN TO ABATE POLLUTION

35. The project is formulated to gain understanding of thechanges occurring in the lake. This project could form

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part of the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) programme.

This was endorsed as one of the most important programmesproposed; as the quality of the lake environment eventuallygoverns its sustainability. One element, the impacts tothe lake derived from the atmosphere, which had beenomitted from the project should be included. The projectshould also aim at establishing effluent quality standards.

SOCIO-ECONOMICS CHANGES IN THE LAKE VICTORIA FISHERIES(UGANDA SECTOR)

This project aims at studying economic institutionalchanges in the fisheries of the Uganda sector of the Lake.The project however, will have to link up with the findingsof the just concluded work on socio-economics andstatistics.

LAKE VICTORIA REGIONAL AQUATIC RESOURCES ASSESSMENTPROJECT.

This project is focusing on stock assessment and supportingresearch work on ecology, limnology and the fisheriesbiology of the lake. The delegates ranked this project asone of the most important. They emphasized that it would bean essential follow-up to recent effort undertaken with theassistance of the EEC to rehabilitate research facilitiesfor stock assessment. The project was considered aprerequisite to proper management of the fisheries of lakeVictoria.

ASSESSMENT AND MANAGING SPECIFIC FISHERIES

39 This project aims at studying the migratory species formingthe basis of riverine and minor fisheries with a view toestablishing their stocks. It is a small national projectin support of Kenyan research programme. The project wassupported by all delegation as a contribution to theconservation of species forming the basis of minorfisheries. An expansion of the project to cover the wholelake was requested should funds allow. Attention was drawnto a proposed Kenya initiative to restock rivers with Labeoand it was felt that this could be included as a componentof this project.

EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING FOR EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATIONBETWEEN RESEARCHERS, ADMINISTRATIONS AND THE FISHERIES.

40. This project aims at increasing knowledge on researchfindings to administrators, industrialists and fishermen.It was considered an extremely important activity inraising awareness of the condition of the lake among usercommunities. Past experience in Tanzania and Kenya hasshown the success of this kind of education programme. The

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need for post-graduate training was emphasized and someprovision for this should be inserted into the project.

WATER HYACINTH SURVEILLANCE AND CONTROL AND RESEARCH PROJECT

41. The proposal relates to the control of water hyacinththroughout Lake Victoria and River Kagera. The meetingfelt that this project should be regionalised from theoutset to control the spread of this weed to other areas.The project should incorporate a publicity campaign elementfor educating people on the risks of its farther spread aswell as on the various means of its control.

ENFORCEMENT OF MANAGEMENT RELATED REGULATIONS (PHASE 1ASSESSMENT)

42 This project is related to project profile 8 and aims atcataloguing and evaluating the means available to the threecountries for monitoring and surveillance of the fisheries.

STRENGTHENING OF THE FISHERIES INFORMATION SYSTEM INTANZANIA

This is a national project which aims at improvinginformation gathering in the fisheries of Tanzania watersto bring statistical and socio-economic data in line withthat of other areas in the lake.

ESTABLISHMENT OF A REGIONAL INFORMATION UNIT ON THEFISHERIES OF LAKE VICTORIA

This project supports the proposed Lake VictoriaFisheries Commission. The creation of a regionalinformation centre is considered as a prerequisite to aregional approach for proper management of the Lake and itsfisheries. The systematic dissemination of information wasfurther considered as essential to collaborative research.It was agreed that this project be located at theHeadquarters of the LVFC.

GENERAL RECOMMENDATION

The delegates of the riparian states agreed that the twelveproject profiles be presented to donors for considerationand financing.

The delegates from the riparian states adopted the reportof the meeting, the articles of the convention as appendedand other Appendices on the 22 of October 1992 in Dar esSalaam, Tanzania.

REGIONAL MEETING FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF LAKE VICTORIA AND THECREATION OF A LAKE VICTORIA FISHERIES COMMISSION

A regional meeting for the management of Lake Victoria andthe creation of a Lake Victoria Fisheries Commission was held inDar es Salaam from 20th to 24th October, 1992. The meeting wasattended by delegations from Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, andfacilitated by FAO. The undersigned agreed on the minutes of themeeting and on the draft Convention for the establishment of theLake Victoria Fisheries Commission. We further resolved tosubmit the draft Convention to our respective Governments withintwo weeks of the date hereof. Appreciating the role of FAO insupporting regional collaboration and cooperation for thedevelopment and management of the fisheries of Lake Victoria, theundersigned expressed a need for continued support by FAO in theestablishment of this important Commission. This will involvein particular the provision of further legal advisory servicesfor the finalization of the Convention and its protocols,together with supporting related meetings. Considering the vitalrole the UNDP/FAO IFIP project has played in Lake Victoriafisheries matters, we further recommend the extension of thisproject and request the Chairman of this meeting (Tanzania) tofollow up this matter with the Director General of FAO.

For the Ministry of Regional Development of the Republic of Kenya

For the Ministry of Tourism, Natural Resources and Environmentcf the United Republic of Tanzania

For the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheriesof the Republic of Uganda

Date: twenty four October, 1992

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APPENDIX 1:

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

UGANDA.MR. T. BANYENZAKI Deputy Principal Secretary - Ministry

of Agriculture, Animal Industry andFisheries

MR. E. KANYIKE Commissioner for Fisheries

MR. W. KUDHONGANIA Director, Uganda Fisheries ResearchInstitute

KENYA..

MR. WAMATU NJOROGE For Permanent Secretary - Ministry ofRegional Development

MR. P. KAMANDE - Director of Fisheries

MR. J. OGARI - Assistant Director, Kenya MarineFisheries Institute

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TANZANIA.MR. P. J. MKANGA - Principal Secretary, Ministry of

Tourism, Natural Resources andEnvironment

MR. W. A. SICHONE - Director of Fisheries

MR. T. W. MAEMBE - Chief Fisheries Officer

PROF. P.O. BWATHONDI- Director, Tanzania Fisheries ResearchInstitute

F A 0:

DR. R. L. WELCOMME, - Chief, Inland Fishery Resources andAquaculture Service - Rome

MR. W. EDESON - Senior Legal Officer, Rome

DR. D. GREBOVAL - Project Coordinator - IFIP

MR. G. W. SSENTONGO - Fisheries Biologist - IFIP

APPENDIX 2

Regional Workshop for the Management of Lake Victoria andthe creation of a Regional Fisheries Commission

Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania 20-23 October 1992

AGENDA

Host Institution : Fisheries Division, Ministry of NaturalResources, Tourism and Environment

Location : Dar-es-Salaam (Tanzania) - Forodhani Hotel

Duration : 20-23 October, 1992

Agenda Items/Themes

Election of Chairman

Status of FisheriesManagement and strategy

External Support Requirements and Project profiles

Working group on the establishment of Lake VictoriaFisheries Commission

Any Other Matters

Presentation of conclusions, recommendations andproject profiles to various donors.

Agenda and Time table

Date Time Programme

Tuesday 20 Oct 10.00 - 11.30 Hrs Opening Ceremony andElection of Chairman

12.00 - 12.30 hrs AdministrativeArrangements

14.00 - 15.30 hrs Presentation anddiscussion of Status ofFisheries

15.45 - 17.00 hrs Presentation anddiscussion o fManagement Issues andStrategy

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Date Time Programme

12

17.00 - 17.30 hrs Conclusions a n d

Recommendations on theStatus and Managementof Fisheries

Wednesday 21 Oct 08.30 - 10.30 hrs Discussion on theestablishment of LakeVictoria FisheriesCommission

11.00 - 12.30 hrs Lake Victoria FisheriesCommission

14.00 - 16.30 hrs Presentation anddiscussion o frequirements forexternal support andproject profiles

16.30 - 17.00 hrs Adoption of report onstatus of fisheries andmanagement

Thursday 22 Oct 08.30 - 10.30 hrs Lake Victoria FisheriesCommission

11.00 - 12.30 hrs Lake Victoria FisheriesCommission

14.00 - 16.00 hrs Finalize LVFC matters

18.00 - 19.00 hrs Adoption of report onexternal supportrequirements and LVFC

Friday 23 Oct 10.30 - 12.30 hrs Donors presented withconclusions,recommendations andproject profiles forpossible financing

13.00 - 13.30 hrs Closing Ceremony

Saturday 24 Oct 11.00 - 12.00 hrs Senior level meeting forfollow up by ministry ofriparian states .

APPENDIX 3

DRAFT CONVENTION ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE LAKE VICTORIAFISHERIES COMMISSION

The Governments of Kenya, Uganda and the United Republic ofTanzania (hereinafter referred to as the "Contracting Parties"),

Recognizing the desire among the three riparian states to reviveand strengthen efforts for greater regional cooperation;

Recognizing that, as the three riparian nations of LakeVictoria, they share an interest in the well-being of the Lakeand its living resources, and in the wise management andsustainability of those living resources for the benefit ofpresent and future generations;

Recognizing that the quantity and value of landings fromLake Victoria fisheries have increased substantially during thepast decade, and that questions have arisen concerning thesustainability of current yields;

Recognizing that an introduced species of fish, Latesniloticus (the "Nile perch") has come to constitute by far thesingle largest component of Lake Victoria fisheries, and thatquestions have arisen concerning the abundance of the Nile perchrelative to other species, and its effects on the health andproductivity of the Lake's ecosystem;

Recognizing the likelihood that management decisionsrelating to any portion of Lake Victoria within the territoriallimits of any one of the Contracting Parties will affect thoseportions of Lake Victoria lying within the territorial limits ofthe other Contracting Parties, and the concomitant necessity thatmanagement decisions be made taking such effects into account;

Recognizing the urgent need for increased scientificunderstanding of Lake Victoria, its living resources, itsecosystem, and of the impacts on those resources of climate,human populations and settlement, non-indigenous wildlife andindustrialization;

Being aware of the evidence of over-fishing and of otherthreats to the sustainability of recent yields;

Appreciating past efforts of nationals and institutions ofeach of the three Contracting Parties, and of the assistance ofinternational organizations and foreign governments in fosteringa better understanding of Lake Victoria and its living resourcesand in clarifying the choices that need to be made respecting theLake and its living resources in the future;

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Being convinced that joint action by the Contracting Partiesis essential, in order to develop uniform management measures to

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the extent appropriate, to be implemented by national laws andregulations, as well as to develop an adequate scientific basisfor such measures;

Being committed to continued cooperation with respect to theexploitation and conservation of Lake Victoria, its resourcesgenerally, and its living resources in particular;

have agreed as follows:

Definitions:

"Chief Executive Officer" means the Principal Secretary orPermanent Secretary or any other person acting in that capacityfrom any of the contracting parties in the Ministries responsiblefor fisheries;

"Senior Executive Officer responsible for fisheries management"means the head of the fisheries department at any time or his/herrepresentative;

"Senior Scientist responsible for fisheries research" means thehead of fisheries research at any time or his/her representative;

"Commissioner" means a member of the commission as indicated inArticle I section 2;

"Executive Secretary" means the chiefsecretariat of the Commission's staff;

"Committee" means a committee establishedArticle III section 1;

"Chairman" means the chairman appointedArticle I section 6.

Article I The Commission

executive of the

in accordance with

in accordance with

There is hereby established the Lake Victoria FisheriesCommission (hereinafter, the "Commission"), a body formed by theContracting Parties to serve the purposes of this Convention asset forth in the Preamble and in Article II. The Commission shalldischarge the functions assigned to it under this Convention inaccordance with the procedures set forth in this Article I.

The Commission shall consist of three members, onerepresenting each of the Contracting Parties, who shall be at thelevel'of chief executive officer of the Ministry responsible forfisheries management, or an authorised representative.

The Commissioners shall be assisted in their meetings bya senior executive officer responsible for fisheriesadministration in his country, or his representative, and asenior scientist responsible for fisheries research in hiscountry, or his representative.

Decisions of the Commission shall be unanimous.

No meeting of the Commission shall take place unless allthree members of the Commission are present.

The Commission shall elect a Chairman, who will serve a two-year term. The Chairmanship of the Commission shall rotate inalphabetical order between the members of the Commission everytwo years.

The Commission shall hold one regular annual meeting andsuch other special meetings as it may determine at such place orplaces, and such special meetings may be called by any twoContracting Parties. The Chairman shall inform ContractingParties of the date and place of any meeting.

The Commission shall establish by-laws, and may establishsuch rules of procedure and financial management as it sees fit,consistent with this Convention, to govern the actions of theCommission or of its subsidiary bodies, including the Committeesestablished by or pursuant to Article III.

The Commission shall be assisted in the performance of itsfunctions by a permanent Secretariat, consisting of suchpersonnel as the Commission shall determine to be necessary. TheSecretariat shall be headed by an Executive Secretary, who shallreport to the Commission, and attend its meetings as itsSecretary. The Executive Secretary shall coordinate theactivities of any committees established under this Convention,and shall have general authority and responsibility for theperformance of such duties as the Commission may assign. TheCommission at its first meeting shall take measures to appointthe Executive Secretary.

The Executive Secretary shall be appointed by the Commissionaccording to procedures established. There shall not be at anyone time the Chairman and the Executive Secretary coming from thesame country holding the two offices. In the likely event ofthis happening, the duration or appointment of the chairman shallbe varied.

The position of the Executive Secretary shall be subject torotation among persons selected from one of the ContractingParties. The appointment shall be for four years and shall notbe renewable unless otherwise determined by the Commission.

Subject to paragraph 11 of this Article, the Commissionshall draw up from time to time for approval by the ContractingParties the conditions for appointment, including duration ofappointments, qualifications for appointment, the rotation ofoffice holders, and levels of remuneration.

The seat of the Commission and its principal office shallbe at a place to be decided on at the first meeting of thecommission.

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Article II - Functions and Powers of the Commission

The functions and powers of the Commission are:

To foster cooperation among the Contracting Parties inconnection with the management, development, exploitation andconservation of the living resources of Lake Victoria, includingthe collection and dissemination of fisheries data and any otherdata, including without limitation water-quality data, that maypertain to the status or management of such resources;

To foster harmonization of national measures for themanagement, development, exploitation and conservation of theliving resources of Lake Victoria, to the end that nationalmeasures shall not have the effect of interfering with (a) thejoint objectives of the Contracting Parties as expressed herein,or (b) the objectives of any Contracting Party consistent withthis Convention.

To develop and adopt conservation and managementmeasures for any fishery that the Commission may determine, basedon the best scientific information available to it.

To provide for the conduct of research concerning theliving resources of Lake Victoria, using such facilities as itmay see fit, and to disseminate the results of any such researchwithout restriction among the Contracting Parties;

To consider the effects of the direct or indirectintroduction of any non-indigenous aquatic animals or plants intothe waters of Lake Victoria or its tributaries and to adoptmeasures for the introduction, monitoring, control or eliminationof any such animals or plants.

In cooperation with existing institutions establishedin or by the Contracting Parties and with such international,regional or non-governmental organizations as may be appropriate,to develop additional institutions dedicated to, or likely tocontribute to, the purposes of this Convention.

In respect of any or all of the foregoing, to adoptbudgets, to seek funding, to formulate plans for financialmanagement and to allocate funds to activities of the Commission,or to such activities of the Contracting Parties as theCommission may determine to be in furtherance of the purposes ofthis Convention.

To provide for the conduct of research concerning thewaters of Lake Victoria, including without limitation the qualityof such waters, their suitability for the optimum utilization ofthe living resources of the Lake, and the nature, extent andpathways of its pollution, and other forms of environmentaldegradation.

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9. To undertake such other functions as the Commission may

17

determine to be necessary or desirable in order to achieve thepurposes of this Convention.

Article III - Committees

The Commission shall be assisted in the performance ofits functions by a Fisheries Management Committee and aScientific Committee, and may establish such other Committeesas it may determine to be appropriate.

The Commission may determine from time to time thenumber and qualifications of persons who may be members of theFisheries Management Committee, the Scientific Committee, and ofany other committee established by it.

Unless otherwise determined by the Commission, theChairman of the Fisheries Management Committee shall be a memberof the Scientific Committee and the Chairman of the ScientificCommittee shall be a member of Fisheries Management Committee.

Each committee established by or pursuant to thisArticle shall meet as and when the Commission shall determine inaccordance with procedures adopted pursuant to Article 1.8.

Except as otherwise provided by procedures adoptedpursuant to Article 1.8, decisions of the committees establishedby or pursuant to this Article shall be by majority vote.

The Fisheries Management Committee shall develop andrecommend to the Commission such management measures relating tothe living resources of Lake Victoria as it may see fit.

The Scientific Committee shall develop and recommendto the Commission such scientific research projects relating tothe living resources of Lake Victoria as it may see fit.

Article IV - National Measures

The Contracting Parties hereby agree to take necessarymeasures in accordance with their respective constitutionalprocedures and national laws to implement the decisions of theCommission pursuant to Article I.

Each Contracting Party shall enforce the national lawsand regulations adopted to fulfil its obligations under paragraphI of this Article. Except to the extent the Commission maydecide otherwise pursuant to Article II, each Contracting Partyshall remain free to impose such penalties in accordance with itsnational laws as it may determine to be necessary to fulfil itsobligations hereunder.

Each Contracting Party shall enforce its national lawsand regulations adopted pursuant to paragraph I of this Article:

(a) in respect of its own territory and territorialwaters;

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in respect of its own nationals, except to theextent that one or both of the other ContractingParties asserting jurisdiction described insubparagraph (a) shall initiate and maintainenforcement action in respect of the sameconduct; and

in respect of fish landed in its territory.

The Contracting Parties hereby agree to adopt, enforceand maintain in effect laws and regulations prohibiting theintroduction of non-indigenous species to Lake Victoria, otherthan in accordance with a decision of the Commission pursuant toArticle 11.5.

Subject to paragraph I of this Article, nothing in thisConvention shall be interpreted as preempting a Contracting Partyfrom the full exercise of its sovereign powers in respect of anyof the subject matters of this Convention. In particular, eachContracting Party shall remain free to adopt national laws andregulations more stringent or extensive than those required tofulfil its obligations under paragraph I of this Article.

Each Contracting Party hereby agrees to make availableto the Commission and its committees, and, through theCommission, to the other Contracting Parties, without charge, alldocuments, data and reports, existing or to be created,pertaining to landings, stock assessments, living resources ofLake Victoria, or any other matter which is the subject ofresearch pursuant to Article 11.4, subject only to reasonablerequirements relating to location of documents and to access tofacilities where the same may be located.

Article V - Research Access

Where a programme of research has been agreed underArticle II 4 and 8, the Contracting Parties agree to facilitateaccess in accordance with their national laws and regulations toresearch teams, including any vessel being used for that purpose,to their national territory and territorial waters.

The Commission shall seek clearance from theContracting Party or Parties in whose territory or territorialwaters any research has been authorised in accordance withArticle II 4 or 8.

Article VI - Funding

1. The Commission shall establish a budget which shall besupported by equal contributions from the Contracting Parties,and from other sources to meet the expenses of the Commission,its Committees, the Secretariat, and other activities initiatedby the Commission.

1 9

The Commission shall submit an annual budget ofanticipated joint expenses to the Contracting Parties forapproval.

Contributions by the Contracting Parties shall be paidin freely convertible currency into an account or accountsestablished by the Commission in a banking institution of goodstanding.

The Commission may receive subventions, donations andlegacies from any suitable body, whether governmental ornongovernmental, provided that these are compatible with theobjectives of the Commission.

The Commission may determine from time to timeprocedures governing the disbursement of funds under the controlof the Commission.

Unless otherwise determined by the Commission, fundingshall be provided for the Commissioner from each ContractingParty and for the officers referred to in paragraph 3 of ArticleI to attend meetings of the Commission.

Members of the committees established by or pursuantto this Article shall be entitled to such allowances as may bedetermined from time to time by the Commission in relation toexpenses incurred in their attendance at meetings of theirrespective committees, or otherwise in connection with thedischarge of their responsibilities.

The Commission shall submit annual audited accounts tothe Contracting Parties not more than ninety days after theconclusion of the financial year to which they relate.

Article VII - Annual Report

The Commission shall submit annually to the ContractingParties a report on the discharge of its duties during thepreceding year. The recommendations received by the Commissionfrom its committees during such year shall be appended to theannual report, along with an explanation of the response of theCommission to each such recommendation.

Article VIII - Territorial Limits of Contracting Parties

Nothing in this Convention shall be interpreted asaffecting the existing territorial limits of the ContractingParties, or of their sovereignty in respect of the portions ofLake Victoria falling within the limits of their respectiveboundaries.

Article IX - Dispute Settlement

Any dispute concerning the interpretation or application ofthis Convention which cannot be settled by negotiation,conciliation, or similar means may be submitted to arbitrationat the request of any two members of the Commission. The partiesto the dispute shall appoint one arbitrator each. The twoarbitrators so appointed shall designate by mutual agreement thethird arbitrator, who shall be the President of the Tribunal.If one of the parties to the dispute does not appoint anarbitrator within two months of the appointment of the firstarbitrator, or if the President of the Tribunal has not beenappointed within two months of the appointment of the secondarbitrator, the Chairman of the Commission shall appoint thesecond arbitrator, or the President of the Tribunal as the casemay be.

Article X - Legal Status, Privileges and Immunities

The Commission shall possess legal personality and suchlegal capacity, as well as privileges and immunities, as may benecessary for the fulfilment of the Commission's objectives andfor the exercise of its functions. The Contracting Parties shallprepare a Protocol which shall set out the privileges andimmunities to be accorded to the Chairman, the ExecutiveSecretary, and other officers of the Commission,and which shallfurther set out the arrangements with the host State regardingthe operation of the Commission in the territory of the hostState and in the territories of the Contracting Parties.

Article XI - Signature, Ratification, Entry into Force andRenunciation

This Convention shall be open for signature by Kenya,Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania and shall be subjectto ratification.

Instruments of signature or ratification may be lodgedwith the Director General of the Food and AgricultureOrganisation of the United Nations.

The Convention shall enter into force thirty days afterthe instruments of ratification have been deposited. TheConvention shall remain in force unless renounced by two of thecontracting parties.

A Contracting Party may renounce this Convention ontwo years' written notice to the other Contracting Parties andto the depositary.

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5. An instrument of renunciation shall not have the effectof terminating this Convention; provided that both or either ofthe two Contracting Parties receiving such an instrument shallbe entitled to renounce this Convention in turn, by writtennotice to the other Contracting Parties and to the depositary,received at any time prior to the effective date of theinstrument of renunciation first received, in which case thisConvention shall terminate as of such effective date.

Article XII - Amendment

1. Proposals for the amendment of this Convention shallbe made in writing by a Contracting Party to the Depositary, whoshall notify the proposal to the other Contracting Parties.

2. No proposal for amendment shall be considered by theContracting Parties less than ninety days from the date on whichthe depositary notified the Contracting Parties of the proposal.

3. An amendment shall take effect thirty days after it hasbeen agreed to by all of the Contracting Parties.

4. The Executive Secretary shall promptly notify thedepositary of the amendment.

Article XIII - Depositary

The Director General of the Food and AgricultureOrganisation shall be the depositary of this Convention. Thedepositary shall:

send certified copies of this Convention to theContracting Parties and to any other government which sorequests;

arrange for the registration of this Convention, uponits entry into force, with the Secretariat of the United Nationsin accordance with Article 102 of the Charter of the UnitedNations;

(e) inform the Contracting Parties of the receipt of anyinstruments of signature or ratification of this Convention;

notify the Contracting Parties of the entry into forceof this Convention;

notify the Contracting Parties of any proposals for theamendment of this Convention in accordance with Article XII;

notify the Contracting Parties of any notice ofintention to renounce this Convention in accordance with ArticleXI.

APPENDIX 4

PROJECT PROFILES: LAKE VICTORIA FISHERIES RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT

PROFILE i Introduction of liftnet/catamaran fishing units inKenyan and Ugandan waters of Lake Victoria

PROFILE 2: Impact assessment of the expansion of industrialfish processing capacities around Lake Victoria

PROFILE 3: Biology and fishery of Rastrineobola argentea inLake Victoria

PROFILE 4: Control and monitoring of environmental changes ofthe Lake Victoria basin to abate pollution

PROFILE 5: Socio-economic changes in the Lake Victoriafisheries (Uganda Sector)

PROFILE 6: Lake Victoria regional aquatic resources assessmentproject

PROFILE 7: Stock assessment and management for Potamodromousspecies

PROFILE 8: Educational and training project for effectivecommunication between researchers, administrationsand the fishermen

PROFILE 9: Water Hyacinth: Surveillance, control and researchproject

PROFILE 10: Enforcement of management related regulations(Phase 1: Assessment)

PROFILE 11: Strengthening of the fisheries information system(Tanzania)

PROFILE 12: Establishment of a regional information unit on thefisheries of Lake Victoria.

Note: These project profiles were prepared by the IFIP Projectbased on proposals submitted by the research centres andfisheries departments of Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. Althoughreflecting priority requirements for research and management asadopted by the meeting, they remain indicative and no attempt wasmade at establishing priorities among these profiles.

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23

PROJECT PROFILES: LAKE VICTORIA FISHERIES RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT

PROFILE I

Title: Introduction of liftnet/catamaran fishing units

Main programme: More effective and rational exploitation ofpelagic fish stocks

Justification:

The fisheries of Lake Victoria are increasingly dependanton the exploitation of the small pelagic species Rastríneobolaargentea (dagaa). Annual catch of this species now representsabout 20% of total production, i.e. about 100,000 tonnes lake-wide. Dagaa is mostly exploited at night using light attractingdevices in connection with a variety of gear: beach seines,mosquito seines, scoop nets. These gear do have the majordisadvantage of not being selective, catching therefore juvenilesof many other species in addition to Rastríneobola argentea.

In Lake Tanganyika, similar pelagic species have long beenharvested by artisanal fishing units composed of a lift netoperated from a catamaran. This fishing technique is dominant inthe northern part of the Lake, and well adapted to localconditions of operation and management by small scale fishermen.Starting in 1989, a few Tanzanian fishermen transferred theirliftnet units to the Mwanza area. This transfer has proved verysuccessful, and it is estimated that around 50 such units wereoperating in this area of Lake Victoria by mid-1992. Anassessment of comparative economic performance undertaken throughthe IFIP Project has shown liftnet units to be far more efficientin terms of catch and financial returns, if compared withexisting harvesting methods.

The liftnet technology has already been demonstrated to beappropriate to the harvesting of dagaa and to the socio-economicenvironment of Lake Victoria artisanal fisheries. While the useof this new fishing method is rapidly expanding in the Mwanzaregion, it remains unknown in Kenya and Uganda. The fisheriesauthorities of both countries are aware of this development andhave recommended that the technology be tested and introduced assoon as possible. Indeed, the technology should allow foreconomic efficiency and reduce undue pressure on inshore stocksand juveniles of other key species such as Tilapia and Nileperch. It could furthermore divert some fishing effort away fromother species which are though to be heavily exploited, if notalready overexploited.

Type of Intervention: Regional with sub-stations atKisumu and Jinja; or national

5. Objective:

The objective of the project is to increase the economicefficiency of pelagic fishing on Lake Victoria, and torationalize concurrently the exploitation of the major fishstocks of Lake Victoria.

6. Main activities

The main activities to be undertaken in each country:

On the job training of technical staff in Tanzania andBurundi, and recruitment of local consultants fromthese countries (boat builders, gear makers and masterfishermen;Supervised construction of two liftnet fishing unitsby local builders, assisted by professionals fromTanzania;Organization of fishing trials and related training ofcrew and extension personnel for a period of 3 months;Elaboration and implementation of a monitoring systemfor the comparative assessment of performances by liftnets units and other pelagic fishing units;Organization of contacts with potential investors anddetermination of procedures for the sale of "pilot"units;Subsequent sale at cost of one unit, and the buildingand sale of a new one every 2 months up to a total of5 units to be sold to private entrepreneurs; oneremaining with the Fishery Department for furtherextension work;Planning of further extension work in connection witha follow up incentive programme in view of achievementsand results obtained during the first phase of theproject.

7. Duration: 18 months for the first phase.

8. Location: For Kenya: Kisumu; for Uganda: Jinja.

9. Staff requirements: (for each country): 1 senior fisheriesofficer responsible for the project, 1 fishingtechnologist, 2 extension officers, hired crew;consultants from Tanzania/Burundi (1 boat builder, 1

net maker, 2 master fishermen); technical advisor(technologist) and consultant (economist) foroperation, monitoring and assessment.

24

10. Equipment: (for each country) - US$

1 pick-up vehicle: 170002 fishing units (catamarans, lights, net): 200001 canoe with outboard engine (25 HP)for training/monitoring: 4000Tools, spare parts and misc.: 6000

Total equipment: US$ 47000

11. International Budget: (for each country) -US$

Consultants: 90000Training, contribution to field missions: 40000Equipment: 47000Operation and maintenance: 20000Reporting and misc. costs: 15000

Total per country: US$ 212000

Note: The project could be implemented simultaneously inboth countries. This would be more efficient but wouldrequire regular consultation.

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PROJECT PROFILES: LAKE VICTORIA FISHERIES RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT

PROFILE II

Title: Impact assessment of the expansion of industrialfish processing capacities around Lake Victoria.

Main programme: More rational exploitation of Nile perchstocks.

Justification:

The fisheries of Lake Victoria have undergone drasticchanges since the proliferation of Nile perch (Lates niloticus)in the late 70's. Nowadays, production has reached unprecedentedlevels and was estimated at over 500,000 tonnes lake-wide in1990. Nile perch constitutes the main fishery, with about 60% oftotal landings. Nile perch production has indeed reached the peaklevel of over 300,000 tonnes lake-wide during the last threeyears. Such high level of production has brought huge benefitsto fisher folks and consumers, in terms of revenues, employmentand cheap animal protein. It is estimated that the fisheries ofLake Victoria now represent an industry of about 270 million US$(sales at market price), which employs about 300000 people.

Against this background, is the well documented instabilityof the fisheries and of the ecosystem as a whole. The fisheriesare clearly booming has a result of drastic changes in speciescomposition, but the risk of subsequent collapse has been shownto be high in similar situations elsewhere. These changes,combined with increased nutrient levels and other negativedevelopments such as the proliferation of the water Hyacinth,have also had a major impact on the lake environment. Manyscientists are now expressing a growing concern about thisinstability and the risk of a rapid decline of the Nile perchstock. The risk of a rapid collapse of this stock, as alreadyobserved in the case of Lake Kyoga, is indeed quite likely. Atleast in the absence of a strict enforcement of appropriatemanagement measures.

A particularly disturbing evolution, given this background,is the rapid expansion of industrial fish processing plants inall three countries. Industrial processing for Nile perch filletsstarted in Kenya in the early 80's. There are now about 14 plantsin Kenya, with a capacity of about 25000 tonnes, but only halfare used primarily for Nile perch filleting. Exports of Nileperch fillets represented about 30,000 tonnes of fresh fish in1991: around 50% of Kenyan landings for this species.

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In Uganda and Tanzania, industrial processing started onlyin the late 80's, with relatively modest capacities. Since 1990,however, a proliferation of projects have been reported. This ledthe Ugandan authorities to consider authorizing new plants withina set maximum capacity. In Tanzania, fisheries authorities aremore and more concerned about a similar evolution which couldbring industrial capacity to well over 100,000 tonnes of freshfish if all plants are built. The problem is one of long termsustainability and economic viability vs extremely high shortterm profitability. In other words, it is one of public policy.

According to available estimates, the processing capacityof existing plants and of those under construction may reach180,000 tonnes in wet weight by the end of 1993. This wouldrepresent about 55% of present Nile perch landings. Meanwhile,quality control for exports, and the control of fish size arebecoming related issues of concern. Indeed with growing demand,fishermen are progressively switching to lower mesh sizes, whichin turn endangers the sustainability of the resource.

Type of Intervention: Regional project, Headquarters: Kisumu

Objective:

The objective of the project is to provide guidelines forthe control of industrial fish processing, so as to ensureeconomic efficiency in the exploitation of the Nile perchfishery.

Main activities:

The main activities to be undertaken by the project are:

An appraisal of existing and planned fish processingcapacity, of related fresh fish supply programmes, and ofthe current price structure of alternative Nile perchmarkets;

An assessment of the impact of increasing level ofindustrial fish processing and exports on the flow of Nileperch to various markets, and on ex-vessel and localconsumer prices for Nile perch and other fish;

i i) An assessment of main costs and benefits associated withalternative levels of industrial processing and exports.Recommendations for the controlled development of

industrial processing and exports;

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Analysis of the evolution of fish size in landings and atprocessing plants. Evaluation of the costs and benefitsassociated with the eventual imposition of a minimum fishsize for industrial processing; and

The elaboration of guidelines for quality control inrelation to export markets, related training.

Duration: 6 months

Location: All three countries; Headquarters Kisumu.

Staff requirements:

A consultant, fisheries economist (6 m/m) assisted by acounterpart from each country. A consultant, fish processingtechnologist with experience in quality control (2 m/m).

International Budget: (US$)

Consultants (8 m/m): 60000Mission cost: 20000Training Workshop: 5000Operation costs: 5000Reporting and misc. costs: 5000

TOTAL US$ 95000

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PROJECT PROFILES: LAKE VICTORIA FISHERIES RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT

PROFILE III.

Title: Biology and Fishery of Rastrineobola argentea in LakeVictoria.

Main programme:

Definition on lake-wide basis of demographicalcharacteristics of R. argentea relevant to stock assessment.Proposal of management plan in the perspective of pelagic fisherydevelopment.

Justification:

R. argentea is a small pelagic species endemic to LakeVictoria. It was not of commercial interest prior to the early1980's when its exploitation strongly increased in Tanzania andKenya. Nowadays R. argentea is second to Nile perch (Latesniloticus) in terms of catch, sustaining a fast developing andpromising fishery, which yielded 100,000 t out of the lake'stotal of 550,000 t in 1990.

There are two main reasons why this species is so important.It is a relatively cheap source of animal protein for foodconsumption and fish meal production. At the same time it playsa crucial role within the ecosystem, being one of the major preyof Nile perch, which is by far the most important commercialspecies of the lake. As such, Rastrineobola is the major linkbetween zooplankton and the apex predator.

The Nile perch stock after an impressive expansion duringthe 1980's is currently showing definite signs of decline. Thisis progressively leading fishermen to transfer some fishingeffort on valuable tilapiine species -with a risk of excessiveexploitation- and on Rastrineobola. It has to pointed out thatscientific knowledge on such a key-species of Lake Victoria islacking and insufficient to pursue any management of the stock.Once the necessary information on fishery biology of R. argen teais acquired, it will constitute the basis for further developmentof a selective pelagic fishery and its management, allowing thetransfer of some fishing effort away from the heavily exploitedcoastal stocks.

The IFIP Project recently organized a regional network oflocal scientists working on Rastrineobola. It also initiated, incollaboration with the three research centres concerned, a joint

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low-budget research programme on the species. The Working Grouphas the capacity to achieve the goals of this programme ifappropriate funding is made available.

Type of intervention:

Regional project to implemented by the specialized researchinstitutes (TAFIRI, KMFRI and UFFRO).

Objective:

Comprehensive investigation of R. argentea stock dynamicsand fishery exploitation, based on one year monitoring, focusingon:

Spatial and temporal distribution pattern;Reproductive biology and breeding areas;Larval surveys;Feeding ecology and predator-prey relationships;Growth and mortality rates;Fishery recruitment pattern;Population turnover rate (Production/Biomass ratio);Catch and effort assessment;Socio-economic aspects;Marketing and processing.

Main activities:

i) Monthly standardized data collection programme by major gearfor selected sampling sites;

Processing and analysis of laboratory samples;

Setting up standardized records and computerized dataprocessing and analysis;

Standardization of Catch Assessment Survey (CAS) in thethree countries.

Evaluation of fish processing methods, post-harvest loss andmarketing routes.

Duration: First phase: 18 months.

Location: In Tanzania: Mwanza (TAFIRI).In Kenya : Kisumu (KMFRI).In Uganda : Jinja (UFFRO).

9. International Staff requirements:

A consultant (fishery biologist): 2 m/m to initiate researchand to coordinate the final analysis. A consultant (economist):2 m/m to initiate research and to coordinate final analysis. Aconsultant (fishery biologist) 1.5 m/m for workshop andtraining on data processing.

10. Equipment (FOR EACH COUNTRY): US$

1 Small 4X4 vehicle: 150002 Locally built canoes w/25 hp engine(capacity 8 persons): 16000Nets (Rastrineobolalplankton): 14000Microscope, microtome, laboratory supplies1 computer plus accessories: 13000Miscellaneous: 15000

Total US$ 73000

11. International Budget: US$

PersonnelConsultants: 55000Contribution to field missions andquarterly meetings: 21000

Equipment: 219000

Operations: 35000

Reporting and miscellaneous cost: 15000

Total US$ 345000

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PROJECT PROFILES: LAKE VICTORIA FISHERIES RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT

PROFILE IV.

Title: Control and Monitoring of Environmental Changesof the Lake Victoria Basin to Abate Pollution

Main programme: Assessment of Environmental Changes andControl of Pollution

Justification:

The water and fisheries resources of Lake Victoriacontribute greatly to the nutrition and welfare of riparianpopulations. In terms of fish production alone, landings haveincreased 10 fold over the last two decades, reaching theunprecedented level of over 500,000 tonnes in 1991. It isimportant in this context to study such ecosystem and tounderstand how to control any factors which might severely anddetrimentally affects the lake environment.

With such knowledge, the governments concerned can planactivities which will ensure the sustainable exploitation of thelake basin resources, the conservation of the basin biodiversity,and sustainable development programmes within the basin. Apriority for these governments is to ensure a sustainableexploitation of the lake fisheries resources at high level ofproductivity.

On the international front, large freshwater ecosystemspresent intellectual challenges to modern limnology and ecology.The knowledge gained will be essential to enrich ourunderstanding of lakes in general.

Lake Victoria ecosystem has changed from what it was likethree decades ago. After years of systematic over exploitationthrough excessive effort and detrimental fishing practices, andfollowing the proliferation of Nile perch, many fish species havedisappeared, while other stocks have been considerably reduced.The population pressure in the catchment area has beenresponsible for vegetation clearance and deforestation for moreagricultural space and for fuel, building etc. These activitieshave been mismanaged and have resulted into a degradedterrestrial environment, soil erosion and increased inflow ofagrochemicals into the lake.

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The population has been rapidly growing and urbanisation ison the increase. This has resulted into greater loads of urbandomestic sewage effluent as well as increased industrial effluentloads into the lake system.

The last 30 years have produced remarkable and alarmingchanges in the ecosystem. Phytoplankton productivity hasincreased 2 to 3-fold. Water clarity, oxygen content and silicaconcentrations have been dramatically reduced. Much of thetremendous diversity of endemic fishes (300 species) has beenseverely affected, due in part to the introduction of thepredator species as well as other human activities.

There are three complementary or competing alternatives toexplain these extensive changes:

the introduction of Nile perch has altered the foodweb so that biomass now accumulates at lower trophiclevels;

nutrient inputs from the basin (and other forms ofpollution) have caused eutrophication and are likelyto cause more pollution problems; and

recent changes in climate have altered water columnstructure and caused mixing patterns to favourdevelopment of blue green algae and the loss of oxygenin bottom waters.

The research project proposed (control and monitoring ofenvironmental changes of the Lake Victoria basin to abatepollution) will particularly address itself to the threealternative scenarios above.

Type of intervention: Regional Project for the threeRiparian States.

Objective:

The overall objective is an understanding of the presentworking ecological mechanisms that govern the observed changesto the lake ecosystem. Then we shall be able to do the following:

(a) characterise the present state and trends of the lakeecosystem in order to permit prediction of futureconditions;

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(b) to use trends and impending changes in the lake todiagnose the strength of contributing factors;

(e) to assess in hindsight the major causes of the changesmeasured during this last 30 years;

to study the functional role of marginal wetland ofregulating and filtering of incoming material;and

to formulate an action programme for effective controlof pollution and for environmental management.

6. Main Activities:

In brief, the following activities will be undertaken inorder to fulfil the above objectives:

Carry out measurements for limnology; water quality;plankton and benthic organisms; seasonal, vertical andhorizontal distribution; food and feeding habits, etc;

Mary all the above data with similar fishery biologyand food-web data, and to critically analyze thesedata from a system viewpoint;

Carry out case studies of filtration of wetland,effluent, and of specific coastal ecosystems;

Formulate hypotheses concerning major environmentalchanges and put them to test;

Formulate action programme for effective control ofpollution and environmental management (second phase:control).

7. Duration: 3 years (assessment phase)

8. Location: Lake Victoria with the main laboratory at UFFRO,Jinja (Uganda), sub-stations at Kisumu (Kenya) andMwanza (Tanzania)

9. Staff Requirement:

Project Coordinator (International)Limnologist (International)Fishery Biologist (International)

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10. Equipment: US$

Meteorological station sets of equipment 80,000Liquid gas chromatography 40,000Specific ion electrodes and meters 25,000Set of microbiological equipment 20,000Current meters 10,000

Computers plus accessories 45,000

Vehicles 60,000Motor boats/engine 12,000Canoes (fibre glass) 6,000Sediment trap sets 9,000CO2 analyzers 30,000Miscellaneous Office equipment 60,000Total equipment US$ 397,000

11. International budget: (US$)

StaffProject Coordinator (36 m/m) 330,000Limnologist/water-quality specialist (36 m/m) 270,000Fishery Biologist (36 m/m) 270,000Consultants (12/m/m) 120,000Total staff cost: 990,000

Training: 180,000

Equipment: 397,000

Mission Cost: 60,000

Operation and maintenance: 180,000

Reporting and Miscellaneous 120,000

GRAND TOTAL US$ 1,927,000

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PROJECT PROFILES: LAKE VICTORIA FISHERIES RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT

PROFILE V

1 Title: Socio-economic changes in the Lake VictoriaFisheries (Uganda Sector)

Main programme: Socio - Economic Research

Justification:

The rationale for this project is predicated on theunderstanding that there is insufficient baseline data resultingfrom a thorough investigation of socio-economic changes in LakeVictoria fisheries and of their implications for the fishingcommunities. Baseline data is quite crucial for the formulationof development plans and policies to guide the management ofthese fisheries. In spite of recent effort undertaken with theassistance of,UNDP/FAO and MSU in particular, a comprehensiveassessment is required.

It has been noted that the proliferation of exotic species,capital and new technologies, as well as related governmentinterventions have led to the intensification of fisheriesproduction, processing and marketing. This process has greatlyaffected the feature of the fishery sector and the fishingcommunities.

The fisheries are going through a process of capitalisticintensification, whereby a growing number of fisherfolk withoutsubstantial capital outlay are finding it increasingly difficultto acquire fishing or processing equipment and to operate sideby side with medium to large size operators. For example, theownership and control of fishing effort is shifting from owneroperators who live in fishing communities, to investors who liveat significant distance from the lake. Consequently, many fishersare basically wage labourers. This is by no mean a new featureof the fisheries of Lake Victoria, but this dissociation betweencapital and labour has increased significantly in recent years.

This process has to a certain extent undermined the basisof the traditional fishery sector, and substantially affectedexisting structures of management and control by fisherfolkcommunities. This partly explains the proliferation of socio-economic conflicts among various operators and of practices whichmay be detrimental to the fisheries resources.

37

The marginalization of the traditional sector and evidenceof displacement having occurred under the new fisheries regime,are issues to be analyze in relation to the socio-economiccharacteristics of riparian communities. Of particular relevanceare: the decline in agricultural production in areas borderingthe Lake, poor sanitation system, lack of clean water, growingevidence of malnutrition and increasing levels of infant andchild morbidity and mortality.

4. Type of Intervention: National Project, (Uganda)

5. Objectives:

To examine the structure and nature of fishproduction, fish processing and marketing at thelocal, national and international levels;

To identify the types of capital and technologicalinvestments into the fisheries, and to assess theirimpact on the economic and social dynamics of thefishing community;

To examine the nature of demographic and genderchanges, and the implications of these changes;

To probe into the impact of large scale fishprocessing on fish consumption and on the activitiesof small-scale fish processors and traders;

To analyze related legal and administrative provisionsby authorities concerned;

To probe into traditional institutions and fisherfolkcommunity practices, and to analyze the extent towhich they can be useful channels for rational use andmanagement of the lake resources;

To examine the basis of malnutrition, and higherlevels of infant and child morbidity and mortality incoastal zones;

To examine linkages between sectoral growth, socialdifferentiation, and impoverishment.

6. Main Activities:

- Training of research personnel : Two weeks residentialcourse on social science research methodology for five

research assistants and coordinator;

Archival and library research;

Field researchPilot survey for sampling purposes;Intensive research in selected areas of the5 fishing regions of Lake Victoria (Uganda);

Analysis and processing of data/information;

Seminars and workshops to discuss the preliminary findings,and design complementary surveys;

Conduct of complementary survey;

Drafts of research findings;

Seminar to discuss research findings;

Final write up of Project Report and of relatededucational materials for dissemination.

Duration: 18 m/m

Location: Kampala, Uganda

Staff Requirements:One Project CoordinatorOne socio-economics expertFive Research Assistants

38

10. Equipment: (US$)

39

- 1 vehicle (4x4) 20 000- 1 computer and accessories 15 000- Miscellaneous office equipment 10 000

Total US$ 45 000

11. International Budget: (US$)

- Consultant (socio-economist) 4 m/m 36 000- Equipment 45 000- Contribution to mission costs 25 000- Operation and maintenance 30 000- Reporting and miscellaneous 30 000

Total US$ 166 000

40

PROJECT PROFILES: LAKE VICTORIA FISHERIES RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT

PROFILE VI.

Title: Lake Victoria Regional Aquatic ResourcesAssessment project

Main programme: Regional fish stock assessment.

Justification:

The fisheries of Lake Victoria have undergone drasticchanges since the proliferation of Nile perch in the late 70's.Nowadays, production has reached unprecedented levels andlandings lake-wide were estimated at over 500,00 in 1991. The newfisheries regime has brought huge benefits to fisherfolk andconsumers, in terms of revenues, employment, and cheap animalprotein.

Against this background , is the well documented instabilityof the fisheries and of the ecosystem as a whole. Many scientistsare now expressing growing concern about such instability and therisk of a rapid decline of the fishery sector in the absence ofproper management. There is indeed ample evidence that thefisheries are unsustainable given the present species compositionand yield levels.

Given the stakes and urgency of rapidly introducingfisheries management measures, a particularly disturbing factoris the total lack of relevant information on the status anddynamics of major stocks. Indeed, there has been no stockassessment in the deeper waters of the lake, and no coordinationof stock assessment lake-wide since the early 1970's. Stockassessment work undertaken then with the assistance of UNDP-FAOis no longer relevant given the drastic changes which haveoccurred, especially with respect to species composition.

There is therefore a need to assess changes in limnology andaquatic resources, and to evaluate the impact of these changeson major stocks. Information is also required on the temporal andspatial distribution of major commercial stocks, as well as onthe magnitude of their standing biomass and potential yields.

Recent effort undertaken with the assistance of the EEC hasled to the rehabilitation of research facilities in the threeriparian states. The need for the undertaking of the joint stockassessment programme on this basis has been identified by the

41

three countries concerned as a priority for concerted managementof fish stocks.

A regional stock assessment programme should focus morespecifically on the following:

(a) Limnology of Lake Victoria and environmental changes;

(b) Planktonic and benthic communities of the lake,

ecology and biology of aquatic resources; and

(c) Population dynamics and stock assessment for majorcommercial species.

4. Type of intervention:

Regional Research Project implemented by the three researchinstitutes: (KMFRI-TAFIRI-UFFRO).

5. Objective:

To evaluate the aquatic resources and factors influencingtheir distribution and magnitudes throughout the lake and propose

possible strategies for the development, management and

conservation of major fisheries and biodiversity.

6. Main activities:

Experimental fishing in various lake strata by depthzones and bottom types;

Acoustic surveys as above;

(b) Sampling for phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthicorganisms to establish energy pathways of the lakeecosystem;

(e) Collection of basic limnological, ecological and

biological information;

(d) Study of species interactions;

(e) Quantification of basic population dynamics parametersand estimation of yield potentials for major species.

7. Duration: Three years (3 years)

8 Location: Location of Headquarters to be determined

9. Staff Requirements:

Four Research Scientists (for each country).

Zoobenthos;Stock assessment;Plankton;Ecology.

Technical staff : research assistants/technicians

International Programme:

Coordinator-biologist (3 years)

42

10.

Stock assessment specialist (3 years)Consultants (12 man- months)

Equipment:

- Equipment for research vessels 150,000Laboratory equipment 60,000

- Various fishing gear 60,000- 3 four-wheel drive vehicles 120,000- Office equipment (computers, copiers,etc) 90,000

Total US$ 480,000

11. International Budget:

- Programme Coordinator (36 m/m) 330,000- Stock assessment specialist (36 m/m) 270,000

Consultant (12 m/m) 120,000Staff total US$ 720,000

Training 180,000Mission cost 60,000Operation & maint. (vessels) 180,000Operation & maint. (others) 120,000Reporting and Misc. 120,000Grand total US$ 1,860,000

43

PROJECT PROFILES: LAKE VICTORIA FISHERIES RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT

PROFILE VII

Title: Stock assessment and management for Potamodromousspecies.

Main programme: Resource assessment and fisheriesmanagement.

Justification:

Potamodromous species, and particularly Labeo victorianusand Barbus altianalls, were once among the most importantcommercial fish of Lake Victoria. Landing records from theriparian states indicated that a successful, seasonal fishery wasbased on the concentration of fish with ripe or running gonadsat the river mouths during the start of upward migration.

Since the 1960's, these species have been subjected to heavyand destructive over exploitation, and landings decreasedprogressively to very low levels. Currently, these species areconsidered insignificant in the commercial landings, and the fewwhich are caught are found only in the river systems throughoutthe year and not in the main lake.

These species have traditionally been exploited by smallscale fishermen as specific fisheries, and are considered lake-wide as high value products. If rehabilitated and properlymanaged, these fisheries could make a significant contributionto the economy of the local communities concerned.

Type of intervention: National project (Kenyan sector)

Objectives:

a) Study the ecology and biology of the Labeo, Clarias,Barbus, species with the purpose of rehabilitatingtheir fisheries.

(b) Assess the magnitudes of the anadromous andcatadromous species in the lake area, affluent riversand river mouths to generate information required forrational management.

6. Main activities:

To investigate the ecology and biology of thesespecies in rivers affluent to Kenya's portion of LakeVictoria;

To determine the effect of papyrus within theestuaries or river mouths on both upward and downwardmovement of these species;

Identification and sampling various stocks usingdifferent types of gear at established stations oneach river;

Measuring and recording physico-chemical parameterswithin sampled stations;

Study the food, breeding, growth and distribution ofeach species;

Establish competition for food between these speciesand Nile perch;

Study the population dynamics, assess stocks andinvestigate size at first maturity with a view toestablish appropriate effort level and gear forrational exploitation;

Investigate the role of the potamodromous species inthe conservation of biodiversity in Lake Victoria;

Organize regional workshop on research findings.

7. Duration: 30 months (2.5 Years)

8. Location: Kenyan portion of Lake Victoria (Kisumu)

9. Staff requirements: (National)

One coordinatorOne ecologist-limnologistOne biologist3 research assistants.

44

10. Equipment:

Chemicals (various) 10,000Fishing gears of various types 10,000Canoe and outboard engines 15,000Computer and accessories 20,000Vehicle - 4 wheel drive 25,000Total US$ 80,000

11. International Budget: (US$)

Consultants (6 m/m) 60 000Equipment 80 000Contribution to mission cost 30 000Operation and maintenance 25 000Reporting and miscellaneous 30 000Total US$ 225 000

45

46

PROJET PROFILES: LAKE VICTORIA FISHERIES RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT

PROFILE VIII

Title: Educational and training project for effectivecommunication between researchers,administrations and the fishermen

Main programme: Training programme for research and

management

Justification:

Over the last three decades, much effort has been put intofisheries research by the riparian states of Lake Victoria. Itis noted,however, that research has been insufficiently linkedto decision making. Furthermore, follow up on research findingsby the fisheries administrations concerned has also beendeficient in ensuring that the fisheries sector benefits fromthose findings. There has been, therefore, an information gapbetween research and the fishing industry, especially in the areaof fisheries management.

On the other hand, fishermen and the industry at large haveseldom been involved in the process of elaborating and enforcingfisheries management regulations. Participation of fishermen indrafting certain aspects of the fisheries legislation (e.g.

closed areas, closed seasons) would be helpful. Educating thefishermen on the need for regulatory measures is furtherrequired, and it is generally agreed that active participationof fisherfolk communities the enforcement of the laws andregulations (control and surveillance) is basic to the successfulimplementation of management programmes in the case of artisanalfisheries.

Given the socio-economic importance of Lake Victoria'sfisheries and growing concern about the predictable decline ofmajor stocks in the absence of proper management, effectivecommunication between fisheries research, administration and theindustry is a basic requirement. The proposed project aims ataddressing this issue as a contribution to effective fisheriesmanagement.

Type of intervention: Regional project involving the threeresearch centres and fisheriesadministrations concerned.

Objectives:

The objective of the project is to establish a framework foreffective communication between research, administration and theindustry so as to facilitate the management of the fisheries ofLake Victoria.

Main activities:

To elaborate a framework for improved communication betweenresearch and fisheries administration, especially in thearea of research planning, and in thé joint assessment ofresearch findings;

To translate the research findings into simple language forregular communication to the fishing industry;

To promote fishermen organizations so as to facilitateeffective consultation on key fisheries issues, as well asthe implementation of management related educationalprogramme;

To organize regular consultations on fisheries developmentand management issues between industry representatives andfisheries administrators-researchers;

To educate fishermen on fisheries legislations andmanagement, and to involve fisheries communities in theenforcement of certain regulations.

Duration: 2 years

Location: Headquarters in Mwanza, Tanzania.

Staff requirements:

Project coordinator: fisheries management expert withbackground in institutional building and training(internationally recruited);

3 national coordinators (fisheries administrators/scientists),and other national experts as required;

1 communication specialist (local expert).

47

10. Equipment:US$

48

- Video equipment 10 000

- Computer with printer/accessories 20 000

- Typewriters/copier 15 000

- 3 four-wheel vehicles 80 000

- 6 motors bikes 12 000

- Training equipment 10 000

- Miscellaneous equipment 10 000

Total US$ 157 000

11. International Budget:

- Project coordinator (24 m/m) 240 000

- National consultant (3 x 24 m/m) 72 000

- Consultants (4 m/m) 32 000

- Equipment 157 000- Training/workshops 90 000

- Operation and maintenance 40 000

- Reporting, etc. 30 000

Total US$ 661 000

49

PROJECT PROFILES: LAKE VICTORIA FISHERIES RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT

PROFILE IX

Title: Water Hyacinth: Surveillance, Control and ResearchProject

Main programme: Control of infestation by Water Hyacinth

Justification:

Lake Kyoga and Lake Victoria have recently been infested bythe Water Hyacinth (Elchornia crassipes), a most noxious waterweed. The widespread proliferation of the weed on the two lakesis expected to disrupt nutrient dynamics; biodiversity;biological processes such as fish feeding, breeding and nurseryactivities; and to interfere with fishing activities and watertransport. For Lake Victoria in particular, this unfortunatedevelopment is taking place at the time when the whole ecosystemis already stressed and unstable. Its impact is likely to bequite detrimental to fish production and to severely affect thefishing communities. In view of the considerable contribution ofthe fisheries sector to the local economies, there is an urgentneed to control the spread and proliferation of water hyacinthin this region.

The immediate impact of water hyacinth infestation is feltinshore, the centre of the highest rate of growth and a zone ofhigh biological diversity and productivity. Unfortunatelyecological knowledge about the coastal areas, including essentialbiological information on fisheries resources, is very limited.This project will allow for the compilation of various biologicaland ecological data in hyacinth infested and weed-free areaswithin the inshore zone. It will further aim at assessing theimpact of the weed and ways to control its proliferation.

Type of Intervention: National Project (Uganda) to be extendedlake-wide in second phase.

. Objectives:

The following small project is intended to contribute atnational level (Uganda) to a desirable regional effort to controlthe proliferation of water hyacinth on Lake Kyoga and LakeVictoria.

6. Main activities:

To provide up-to-date and reliable information on thedistribution and magnitude of water hyacinthinfestation in relation to fishing activities, eg.fishing grounds and fish landings; This information isvital for planning and co-ordination of weed controlstrategies.

To quantify the impact of this weed on the environmentand on related economic activities;

To identify zones of vital biological processes(breeding, feeding and nursery);

Effect immediate protection to vital ecological sitesin close collaboration with local communities, andgiving immediate priority to physical removal;

Assess and test control methods;

Consult with other countries concerned, and elaboratea joint strategy for weed control;

Related extension work, training and workshops.

Duration: Two years.

Location: UFFRO, Jinja (Uganda)

Staff Requirements:

9.1. National Staff

One fishery ecologist;One limnologist;One biologist;Support staff.

9.2. International Staff

Project Manager: Weed control specialist;Consultants: Research planning, data analysis.

50

10. Equipment: (US$)

51

- One four-wheel drive vehicle 20 000One computer and printer 15 000

- Two canoes 6 000Two outboard motors 25 hp 8 000

_ Sampling equipment 20 000_ Gillnets, seines, other gear 20 000_ Stationery and misc. 15 000

TOTAL USD 104 000

11. International Budget (USD)

- Project manager (24 m/m) 260 000- Consultants (6 m/m) 60 000- Support staff 20 000

Equipment 104 000Mission travel 40 000Operation and maintenance 40 000Reporting and miscellaneous 25 000

- Total US$ 549 000

Title: Enforcement of management related regulations(Phase 1: Assessment)

Main programme: Rational exploitation of major fish stocksthrough more effective regulation of fishingactivities.

Justification:

The fisheries of Lake Victoria have undergone drasticchanges since the proliferation of Nile perch (Lates niloticus)in the late 70's. Nowadays, production has reached unprecedentedlevels and was estimated at over 500,000 tonnes lake-wide in1990. Nile perch constitutes the main fishery, with about 60%of total landings. Nile perch production has indeed reached thepeak level of over 300,000 tonnes lake-wide during the last threeyears. Over the last 20 years, such high levels of productionhave brought huge benefits to fisherfolks and consumers, in termsof revenues, employment and cheap animal protein. It is estimatedthat the fisheries of Lake Victoria now represent an industry ofabout 270 million US$ (sales at market price), which employsabout 300,000 people.

Against this background, is the well documented instabilityof the fisheries and of ecosystem as a whole. The fisheries areclearly booming has a result of drastic changes in speciescomposition, but the risk of subsequent collapse has been shownto be high in similar situations elsewhere. These changes,combined with increased nutrient levels and other negativedevelopments such as the proliferation of the water Hyacinth,have also had a major impact on the lake environment. Manyscientists are now expressing growing concern about thisinstability and the risk of a rapid decline of the Nile perchstock. A rapid collapse of this stock, as already observed in thecase of Lake Kyoga, is indeed quite likely. At least in theabsence of a strict enforcement of appropriate managementmeasures.

Nile perch catches are at peak level, but slightlydecreasing in Uganda and more significantly in Kenya. Thisdownward trend may indicate the start of a rapid decline of theNile perch stock, with decreasing catch per unit of effort and

52

PROJECT PROFILES: LAKE VICTORIA FISHERIES RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT

PROFILE X

53

mesh size being presently observed in this fishery. Against thisbackground, the rapid expansion of industrial fish processing isanother particularly disturbing evolution.

If the management of the Nile perch fishery is regarded tobe of greater priority, a global approach is neverthelessrequired given the importance of species interactions. With theassistance of the UNDP/FAO IFIP Project, three national seminarswere organized late 1991 to address management issues. A regionalplan was drafted on this basis which needs to be further assessedand specified prior to implementation at national level.

Of major importance to the issue of fisheries management arethe elaboration of adequate regulations and their effectiveimplementation. Obviously, there would be tradeoffs betweenadequacy and enforceability, and only imperfect control would beachieved. The initial phase of the project aims at assessingregulations which could be applied to fishing activities, and attaking stock of the means available for the implementation ofselected management measure by the three countries concerned.

So far, research and planning work has focused onidentifying management issues and on a fairly general assessmentof management measures which would be required accordingly.Implementation of these measures, however, is likely to behindered by the lack of enforcement capabilities, as was the caseunder the previous fisheries regime in the 60's and 70's. Thestakes are now much greater and the economic and social dimensionof Lake Victoria's fisheries fully justifies a major effort tobring these fisheries under proper management. A second phase ofthe project would focus on strengthening control and surveillancecapabilities in all three countries.

Type of intervention: Regional assessment.

Objective:

The objective of the project is to ensure the rationalexploitation of Lake Victoria's fisheries through theimplementation of adequate management measures. The immediateobjectives of the first phase of the project is to assess theadequacy of proposed fisheries regulations as well as the meansavailable to all three countries for the implementation of suchregulations.

54

Main activities:

The main activities of the project in its initial phase are:

To review existing and proposed fisheries regulationsand to assess major regulations in relation to

estrablished criteria;

To carry out a specific study on gear selectivity andby-catches in the major gill net fisheries as todetermine appropriate gill net mesh size limits;

To assess enforcement capabilities at field level forcontrol and surveillance on land and waters;

To assess ways and means of improving these

capabilities, and to involve fishermen in thefisheries management process;

To propose a priority programme for management, and toelaborate a follow up project aimed at strengtheningenforcement capabilities in all three countries.

It should be noted that the project coordinator andcounterparts from all three countries will meet every two monthsto coordinate activities; and that two high level workshops willbe organized to review proposed management programmes.

Duration: 18 month for the first phase.

Location: Mwanza (Project Headquarters).

Staff requirement: (for each country) 1 counterpart, seniorfisheries officer (DOF, or Research Centres; with complementarybackgrounds); fisheries officers and extension staff as requiredfor field and survey work.

International staff: 1 biologist/management specialist (18m/m); consultants (8 m/m) in economics (management), socio-economics (fishermen participation), enforcement (MCS); nationalconsultants (24 m/m) for survey work.

11. Equipment: (Headquarters) US$.

2 Vehicles (4 x 4) 40,0003 canoes with engine (25 HP) 12,000Fishing nets 6,0001 Computer and accessories 15,000Office equipment 15,000Miscellaneous equipment 6,000

Total US$ 94,000

12. International budget: (US$)

55

- Biologist/management specialist (18 m/m) 160,000Consultants (8 m/m) 72,000National consultants (24 m/m) 36,000Regional meetings 30,000Field missions 40,000Equipment 94,000Operation and maintenance 30,000Reporting and misc. costs 25,000

TOTAL US$ 487,000

56

PROJECT PROFILES: LAKE VICTORIA FISHERIES RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT

PROFILE XI

1 Title: Strengthening of the fisheries information system(Tanzania)

2. Main programme: Improved monitoring of the fisheries sectorfor the proper management of Lake Victoria.

Justification:

The fisheries of Lake Victoria have undergone drasticchanges since the proliferation of Nile perch (Lates niloticus)in the late 701s. Nowadays, production has reached unprecedentedlevels and was estimated at over 500,000 tonnes lake-wide in1990. Nile perch constitutes the main fishery, with about 60% oftotal landings. Nile perch production has indeed reached the peaklevel of over 300,000 tonnes lake-wide during the last threeyears. Such high level of production has brought huge benefitsto fisherfolks and consumers, in terms of revenues, employmentand cheap animal protein. It is estimated that the fisheries ofLake Victoria now represent an industry of about 270 million US$(sales at market price), employing about 300,000 people.

In Tanzania, the production of Lake Victoria has reached theunprecedented level of 230,000 tons in 1991. As such, the Lakecontributes to 55.5 % of national fish production and fish hasbecome the first source of animal protein. Against thisbackground is the well documented instability of the fisheriesand of the ecosystem as a whole. The fisheries are clearlybooming as a result of drastic changes in species composition,but the risk of subsequent collapse has been shown to be high insimilar situations elsewhere. Many scientists are now expressinga growing concern about this instability, and the risk of rapidcollapse of the Nile perch stock in particular. Anotherdisturbing evolution is the rapid expansion of industrial fishprocessing plants.

The present concerns clearly call for improved monitoringand the strict enforcement of management measures. The data andinformation base of the three countries has been assessed invarious contexts in recent years and found to be quite weak. Thisis especially the case in Tanzania due to the lack of trainedpersonnel and means, and to the inadequacy of the institutionalframework through which data are collected and processed.

57

Whereas each country has its own data system, informationgathering should be tailored to the importance of specific waterbodies and fisheries. This is not yet the case. The informationon Lake Victoria and its key fisheries is not given theimportance they deserve.

The key issue is to make the information system a usefultool for decision making by the government and local authorities.The types of information required are linked to the evolution ofmajor stocks, markets, and corresponding industries atharvesting, processing and marketing levels.

Type of intervention: National project with Headquarters inMwanza, Tanzania

Objective:

The objective of the project is to establish an informationsystem for the monitoring of Lake Victoria fisheries sector andas a tool for proper management.

Main activities:

The main activities to be undertaken by the project are:

Strengthening of the present (catch, effort, price)data collection system, especially through training ofsupervisors and refresher courses for field staff(this work will complement the nation wide programmeinitiated under the ongoing UNDP/FAO Project);

Training of regional officers in data processing foreach of the three regions (Mara, Mwanza, Kagera);

Establishment of a Lake Victoria fisheries informationunit under the authority of the Department ofFisheries and TAFIRI;

Compilation of a yearly information bulletin whichwill give summaries on statistical information and onthe result of any work and surveys related to thefisheries of Lake Victoria;

Establishment of specific sites for monitoring fishprices and CPUE data;

Organization of yearly surveys for specificinformation items such as exports, input prices, longdistance trade/destinations, products);

Equipment: (US$)

58

vii) Conducting specific socio-economic surveys in allthree regions for costs and earnings as well asmarketing reviews (monitoring of selected sites).

Duration: 18 Months

Location: Mwanza (Headquarters)

Staff requirements:

National: Information unit to be composed of 2 seniorfisheries officers from DOF/TAFIRI, assisted by 2

junior officers. The unit assumes a coordinating rolefor all information matters related to Lake Victoria.Field staff from the regions and districts concernedas required.

Internationa1: A biologist/statistician (18 m/m); a

socio-economist (12 m/m); international consultants (3m/m); national consultants (survey work; 12 m/m).

2 vehicles (4 x 4) 40,0001 large canoe ( 55 HP) 10,0002 canoes (25HP) 10,0003 computers and accessories 50,00012 motor cycles 12,000Office equipment 10,0002 large copiers 20,000Training and misc. eq. 15,000

Total US$ 167,000

11. INTERNATIONAL BUDGET: (US$)

Biologist/statistician ( 18 m/m) 160,000Economist (18 m/m) 160,000Consultants (15 m/m) 45,000Support staff (36 m/m) 18,000Training 80,000Field Missions 25,000Equipment 167,000Operation and maintenance 60,000Reporting and Misc. costs 30,000

TOTAL US$ 745,000

59

PROJECT PROFILES: LAKE VICTORIA FISHERIES RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT

PROFILE XII

1 Title: Establishment of a regional information unit on thefisheries of Lake Victoria.

2 Main programme:

Regional information centre and establishment of a regionaldata base for the development and management of Lake Victoriafisheries.

3. Justification:

The fisheries of Lake Victoria have reached the un-precedented level of production of over 500,000 tons since 1989.As such, they represent over 25% of total production from inlandfisheries for Africa as a whole. The fishing industry employsover 300,000 people and has a turn-over'of about US$ 270 million.

Against this background, there is a well documentedinstability of the fisheries and of the ecosystem as a whole.With growing evidence of degradation of the lake environment andof a likely decline in the abundance of key species, this is amatter of great concern to the fisheries authorities of the threeriparian countries.

Steps are being taken for a regional approach to thesemanagement issues, and consideration has been given to thecreation of a regional Lake Victoria fisheries Commission (LVFC).A first step towards a regional initiative for the managementof Lake Victoria and its fisheries is the establishment of aregional information centre. The obvious role of such a unitwill be to centralize available documentation and information,and to compile selected data and information for disseminationto all three countries. A more difficult task will be theprogressive (and relative) harmonization of data collection andprocessing systems so as to allow for the compilation of aregional data base.

These functions are seen as a prerequisite to addressing atregional level any common issues relative to the development andmanagement of Lake Victoria fisheries and its environment.

Type of intervention: Regional project.

Objective: The objective of the project is to facilitate andto contribute to a regional approach to themanagement of Lake Victoria's fisheries, throughthe creation of a regional information base.

6 Main activities: The activities of the project will be:

To gather available documentation and information ofrelevance to Lake Victoria's fisheries and theirmanagement;

To organize the systematic collection of basic datafrom all three countries concerned, for compilationinto a regional data base;

To provide for the publication and dissemination ofselected information inclusive of a semestrial reviewof recent publications and a yearly statisticalreview;

To organize on this basis a regional documentationcentre for use by administrators and investigatorsconcerned with the fisheries of Lake Victoria.

Duration: 2 Years

Location: Site of LVFC

Staff requirement:

National: 1 Information Officer and 1 Librarian (LVFC).International: Consultants : documentation specialist (4m/m), monitoring and evaluation (2 m/m), local consultantsfor initial collection of information (6 m/m), local stafffor initial assistance (secretary, librarian 12 m/m each).

10. Equipment: (US$)

2 computers and accessories 20,0002 large size copiers 20,000Publishing equipment 15,000Other office equipment 20,000

60

Total US$ 75,000

11. International budget: (US$)

Consultants (6 m/m)

Local consultants and staff (30 m/m)Initial acquisition of documentationEquipmentPublishing and dissemination costsOperation and maintenanceMiscellaneous

TOTAL US$

61

54,00030,00020,00075,00018,00020,00016,000

233,000

LIST OF IFIP REPORTS - LISTE DES RAPPORTS PPEC

I. TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS / DOCUMENTS TECHNIQUES

Gréboval D., A. Bonzon, M. Giudicelli and E. Chondoma, Baseline Survey1989 report (1987) on inland fisheries planning, development and

management in Eastern/Central/Southern Africa. UNDP/FAO RegionalProject for Inland Fisheries Planning (IFIP). RAF/87/099-TD/01/89(En): 104p.

Gréboval D., A. Bonzon, M. Giudicelli et E. Chondoma, Rapport de l'étude de1989 base (1987) sur la planification, le développement et

l'aménagement des pêches continentales en Afrique Orientale/Centrale/Australe. Projet Régional PNUD/FAO pour la Planificationdes Pêches Continentales (PPEC). RAF/87/099-TD/01/89 (Fr): 110p.

Gréboval D., and B. Horemans (eds), Selected Papers presented at the1989 SADCC/FAO Training Workshop on Fisheries Planning, Victoria

Falls, Zimbabwe, 15-24 Novembre 1988. UNDP/FAO Regional Projectfor Inland Fisheries Planning (IFIP). RAF/87/099-TD/02/89 (En):138p.

Horemans B., et Maes M. (éds), Rapport de la Consultation technique sur les1989 lacs Cohoha et Rweru partagés entre le Burundi et le Rwanda

(Bujumbura, 13 et 14 Décembre 1989). Projet Régional PNUD/FAOpour la Planification des Pêches Continentales (PPEC).RAF/87/099-TD/03/89 (Fr): 94p.

Gréboval D., Management of the New Fisheries of Lake Victoria: Major socio-1989 economic issues. UNDP/FAO Regional Project for Inland Fisheries

Planning (IFIP), RAF/87/099-TD/04/89 (En): 25p.

Gréboval D. (ed), Principles of fisheries management and legislation of1990 relevance to the Great Lakes of East Africa: Introduction and

case studies. UNDP/FAO Regional Project for Inland :FisheriesPlanning (IFIP), RAF/87/099-TD/05/90 (En): 41p.

Report of the IFIP/SWIOP Workshop on Economic Aspects of Fisheries1990 Development and Management. UNDP/FAO Regional Project for Inland

Fisheries Planning (IFIP), RAF/87/099-TD/07/90 (En): 22p.

Corsi F., Evaluation des pêcheries zaYroises des lacs Idi Amin/Edouard et1990 Mobutu Sese Seko. Projet Régional PNUD/FAO pour la Planification

des Pêches Continentales (PPEC). RAF/87/099-TD/08/90 (Fr): 64p.

Corsi F., Evaluation of the Zairian Fisheries of Lakes Edward and Mobutu.1990 UNDP/FAO Regional Project for Inland Fisheries Planning (IFIP),

RAF/87/099-TD/08/90 (En): 60p .

62

63

Rapport de la première réunion du Comité consultatif du projet régional1990 pour la planification des 'D'eches continentales. Projet Régional

PNUD/FAO pour la Planification des Pêches Continentales (PPEC).RAF/87/099-TD/09/90 (Fr): 24p.

Report of the First Meeting of the Advisory Committee of the Regional1990 Project for Inland Fisheries Planning. UNDP/FAO Regional Project

for Inland Fisheries Planning (IFIP), RAF/87/099-TD/09/90 (En):22p.

Report of the Symposium on Socio-economic aspects of Lake Victoria1990 Fisheries. A Symposium organized by the IFIP Project under the

framework of the CIFA Sub-comittee for Lake Victoria, 24-27April, Kisumu, Kenya, UNDP/FAO Regional Project for InlandFisheries Planning (IFIP), RAF/87/099-TD/10/90 (En): 24p.

Maes M. (ed), Report on the Technical Consultation on Lake Mweru shared by1990 Zaire and Zambia, 08-10 August, Lusaka, Zambia, UNDP/FAO Regional

Project for Inland Fisheries Planning (IFIP), RAF/87/099-TD/11/90(En): 44p.

Maes M. (éd), Rapport de la Consultation technique sur le lac Mweru partagé1990 entre le Zaire et la Zambie, 08-10 aodt, Lusaka, Zambie, Projet

Régional PNUD/FAO pour la Planification des Pêches Continentales(PPEC). RAF/87/099-TD/11/90 (Fr): 45p.

Papers presented at the IFIP/SWIOP Workshop on Economic Aspects of1990 Fisheries Development and Management. UNDP/FAO Regional Project

for Inland Fisheries Planning (IFIP), RAF/87/099-TD/12/90 (En):122p.

Case studies presented at the IFIP/SWIOP Workshop on Economic Aspects of1990 Fisheries Development and Management. UNDP/FAO Regional Project

for Inland Fisheries Planning (IFIP), RAF/87/099-TD/13/90 (En):115p

Ssentongo G.W. (ed), Report of the First Workshop on Fisheries Statistics and1990 Information Systems for Lake Victoria. UNDP/FAO Regional Project

for Inland Fisheries Planning (IFIP), RAF/87/099-TD/14/90 (En):72p.

Rapport de la consultation Technique sur l'aménagement des pêcheries des1990 lacs Edouard et Mobutu, 17-21 septembre 1990, Kampala, Ouganda,

Projet Régional PNUD/FAO pour la Planification des PêchesContinentales (PPEC). RAF/87/099-TD/15/90 (Fr): 30p.

Report of Technical Consultation on Management of the Fisheries of Lakes1990 Edward and Mobutu, 17-21 September 1990, Kampala, Uganda,

UNDP/FAO Regional Project for Inland Fisheries Planning (IFIP),RAF/87/099-TD/15/90 (En): 26p.

Report of the National Workshop on Fishery Statistics and Information1990 Systems, 22-26 October 1990, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, UNDP/FAO

Regional Project for Inland Fisheries Planning (IFIP),

RAF/87/099-TD/16/90 (En): 33p.

64

Machena C. and V. Kanondo, A Review of the Fisheries of Lake Kariba and1991 their Management. UNDP/FAO Regional Project for Inland Fisheries

Planning (IFIP). RAF/87/099-TD/17/91 (En): 58p.

Rapport de la deuxième réunion du Comité consultatif du projet régional1991 pour la planification des pêches continentales. Projet Régional

PNUD/FAO pour la Planification des Pêches Continentales (PPEC).RAF/87/099-TD/18/91 (Fr): 25p.

Report of the Second Meeting of the Advisory Committee of the Regional1991 Project for Inland Fisheries Planning. UNDP/FAO Regional Project

for Inland Fisheries Planning (IFIP). RAF/87/099-TD/18/91 (En):23p.

Prado J., Beare R.J., Siwo Mbuga J., Oluka L.E. A catalogue of fishing1991 methods and gear used in Lake Victoria. UNDP/FAO Regional Project

for Inland Fisheries Planning (IFIP). RAF/87/099-TD/19/91 (En):104p.

Biribonwoha A.R. A Review of Fisheries Inputs in Kenya, Tanzania and1991 Uganda. UNDP/FAO Regional Project for Inland Fisheries Planning

(IFIP). RAF/87/099-TD/20/91 (En): 65p.

Rapport de la deuxième Consultation technique sur l'aménagement des1991 pècheries des lacs Edouard et Mobutu Sese Seko. Projet Régional

PNUD/FAO pour la Planification des Pêches Continentales (PPEC).RAF/87/099-TD/21/91 (Fr): 27p.

Report of the Second Technical Consultation on the Management of the1991 Fisheries of lakes Edward and Mobutu, 27-29 May 1991, Kinshasa,

Zaire. UNDP/FAO Regional Project for Inland Fisheries Planning(IFIP). RAF/87/099-TD/21/91 (En): 28p.

Leendertse K. and B. Horemans. Socio Economic Characteristics of

1991 the Artisanal Fishery in Kigoma region, Tanzania. UNDP/FAORegional Project for Inland Fisheries Planning (IFIP),

RAF/87/099-TD/22/91 (En): 104p.

Hanek G, K. Leendertse and B. Farhani. Socio-Economic Investigations of1991 Lake Kivu Fisheries. UNDP/FAO Regional Project for Inland

Fisheries Planning (IFIP), RAF/87/099-TD/23/91 (En): 55p.

Report on the Regional Training Course on Fish Stock Assessment, 21 January1991 - 15 February 1991, Kariba, Zimbabwe. Denmark funds-in-trust FI:

GCP/INT/392/DEN-Act. Rep. No 29 and UNDP/FAO Regional Project forInland Fisheries Planning (IFIP), RAF/87/099-TD/24/91 (En): 29p.

Bellemans M., Structural characteristics of the Burundi Fisheries in 19901991 and Historical Review. UNDP/FAO Regional Project for Inland

Fisheries Planning (IFIP), RAF/87/099-TD/25/91 (En): 26p.

Hoekstra T.M., A. Asila, C. Rabuor, O. Rambiri. Report on the census of1991 fishing boats and gear in the Kenyan waters of Lake Victoria.

UNDP/FAO Regional Project for Inland Fisheries Planning (IFIP),RAF/87/099-TD/26/91 (En): 36p.

65

Ssentongo G.W. and J.D. Nfamara. Report of a National Seminar on the1991 Development and Management of the Kenyan Fisheries of Lake

Victoria. UNDP/FAO Regional Project for Inland Fisheries Planning(IFIP), RAF/87/099-TD/27/91 (En): 124p.

Reynolds J.E., P. Mannini and D. F. Gréboval. Obscure Waters: The Fisheries1991 of the Mweru/Luapula Complex, Zambia - Report of an IFIP Review

Mission. UNDP/FAO Regional Project for Inland Fisheries Planning(IFIP), RAF/87/099-TD/28/91 (En): 87p.

Maes M., G. Ntakimazi et J. Ruremesha. Situation générale des lacs Cohoha1991 et Rweru et propositions d'aménagement. Projet Régional PNUD/FAO

pour la Planification des Pêches Continentales (PPEC).RAF/87/099-TD/29/91 (Fr): 61p.

Rapport de la deuxième Consultation technique portant sur l'aménagement des1991 pêcheries des lacs Cohoha et Rweru. Projet Régional PNUD/FAO

pour la Planification des Pêches Continentales (PPEC).RAF/87/099-TD/30/91 (Fr): 47p.

Ssentongo G.W. and F.L. Orach-Meza (eds.), Report of a National Seminar on1992 the Development and Management of Ugandan fisheries of Lake

Victoria. UNDP/FAO Regional Project for Inland Fisheries Planning(IFIP). RAF/87/099-TD/31/92 (En): 137p.

Gr'éboval D. et M. Maes, Caractéristiques et évolution des pêcheries des1991 lacs partagés d'Afrique centrale. Projet Régional PNUD/FAO pour

la Planification des Pêches Continentales (PPEC). RAF/87/099-TD/32/91 (Fr) : 35p.

Ssentongo G.W. and N. Dampha (eds), Report of the Technical Consultation1992 between Malawi and Mozambique on Lakes Malawi, Chilwa and Chiuta.

UNDP/FAO Regional Project for Inland Fisheries Planning (IFIP).RAF/87/099-TD/33/92 (En): 89p.

Leendertse K. et M. Bellemans, Caractéristiques socio-économiques des1991 patrons de pêche artisanale et coutumière dans la partie

burundaise du lac Tanganyika. Projet Régional PNUD/FAO pour laplanification des pêches continentales (PPEC). RAF/87/099-TD/34/91 (Fr): 87p.

Ssentongo G.W. (ed.), Report on the National Seminar on the Development and1992 Management of the Tanzanian Fisheries of Lake Victoria. UNDP/FAO

Regional Project for Inland Fisheries Planning (IFIP),

RAF/87/099-TD/35/92 (En): 86p.

Horemans B. and M. Hoekstra, Economic appraisal of the pelagic fishery of1992 Lake Kariba. UNDP/FAO Regional Project for Inland Fisheries

Planning (IFIP), RAF/87/099-TD/36/92 (En): 37p.

Leendertse, K et Mambona Wa Bazolana, Caractéristiques socio-économiques de1992 la pêche zairoise de la partie nord du lac Tanganyika. Projet

régional PNUD/FAO pour la planification des pêches continentales(PPEC). RAF/87/099-TD/37/92 (Fr): 76p.

66

Mannini P. (ed.), The Lake Victoria Dagaa (Rastrineobola argentea). Report of1992 the First Meeting of the Working Group on Lake Victoria

Rastrineobola argentea, 9-11 December 1991, Kisumu, Kenya.UNDP/FAO Regional Project for Inland Fisheries Planning (IFIP),RAF/871099-TD138192 (En): 84p.

Hoekstra T.M., The Artisanal Capture Fisheries of Lake Victoria, Kenya: major1992 socioeconomic characteristics of its fishermen and their fishing

units. UNDP/FAO Regional Project for Inland Fisheries Planning(IFIP), RAF/87/099-TD/39/92 (En): 78p.

Horemans B., Analyse économique des pêcheries burundaises du lac Tanganyika.1992 Projet régional PNUD/FAO pour la planification des pêches

continentales (PPEC). RAF/87/099-TD/40/92: 69p.

Hoekstra T.M. and J. Lupikisha, The artisanal Capture Fisheries of Lake1992 Tanganyika, Zambia: major socioeconomic characteristics of its

fishermen and their fishing units. UNDP/FAO Regional Project forInland Fisheries Planning (IFIP), RAF/87/099-TD/41/92 (En): 93p.

Socio-economic investigations (Bukoba Region, Tanzania). UNDP/FAO Regional1992 Project for Inland Fisheries Planning (IFIP), RAF/87/099-TD/42/92

(En): in preparation

Horemans B., Report of the Sub-regional Workshop on Fishery Bio-Economic1992 Modelling, 17-21 February 1992, Kariba, Zimbabwe. UNDP/FAO

Regional Project for Inland Fisheries Planning (IFIP),

RAF/87/099-TD/43/92 (En): in preparation

van der Hoeven J.J. and Y.L. Budeba, A marketing study on the Tanzanian part1992 of Lake Victoria: the Mwaloni Kirumba market, Mwanza, and the

export market for fresh fish and fillet. UNDP/FAO RegionalProject for Inland Fisheries Planning (IFIP), RAF/87/099-TD/44/92(En): in preparation

Gréboval D., (ed.), Report of a Regional Meeting for the Management of Lake1992 Victoria and the Creation of a Lake Victoria Fisheries

Commission. UNDP/FAO Regional Project for Inland FisheriesPlanning (IFIP). RAF/87/099-TD/45/92 (En): 68p.

Dunn I.G. and G. Ssentongo, Regional Framework for the Management of the1992 Fisheries of Lake Victoria. UNDP/FAO Regional Project for Inland

Fisheries Planning (IFIP). RAF/87/099-TD/46/92 (En): in

preparation

II. WORKING PAPERS / DOCUMENTS DE TRAVAIL

Bean C.E., Selected abstracts of basic references and current literature in1989 fisheries economics. UNDP/FAO Regional Project for Inland

Fisheries Planning (IFIP), RAF/87/099-WP/01/89 (En): 51p.

Ssentongo G. W., Fish and fisheries of shared lakes of Eastern/Central/1990 Southern Africa. UNDP/FAO Regional Project for Inland Fisheries

Planning (IFIP), RAF/87/099-WP/02/90 (En): 19p.

67

Nfamara J.D., Recent observations on the fisheries of lake Tanganyika. UNDP1990 /FAO Regional Project for Inland Fisheries Planning (IFIP),

RAF/87/099-WP/03/90 (En): 16p.

Proceedings of the Symposium on Socio-economic aspects of Lake Victoria1990 Fisheries. Volume 1 (unedited papers 1-7). UNDP/FAO Regional

Project for Inland Fisheries Planning (IFIP), RAF/87/099-WP/05/90(En): 114p.

Nfamara J.D., Improved method for smoking fish in the Kigoma region of Lake1990 Tanganyika, Tanzania. UNDP/FAO Regional Project for Inland

Fisheries Planning (IFIP), RAF/87/099-WP/06/90 (En): 23p.

Proceedings of the Symposium on Socio-economic aspects of Lake Victoria1991 Fisheries. Volume 2 (unedited papers 8-12). UNDP/FAO Regional

Project for Inland Fisheries Planning (IFIP), RAF/87/099-WP/07/91(En): 88p.

Gr6boval D. et Diquelou J., Expérimentation de la senne tournante1991 et coulissante dans les eaux burundaises du lac Tanganyika: Etude

de pr6-faisabilit6. Projet R6gional PNUD/FAO pour la

Planification des Pêches Continentales (PPEC). RAF/87/099-WP/08/91 (Fr): 20p.

Maes M., Leendertse K. et Mambona Wa Bazolana, Recensement des unite's de1991 pêche zairoise dans la partie nord du lac Tanganyika. Projet

R6gional PNUD/FAO pour la Planification des Pêches Continentales(PPEC). RAF/87/099-WP/09/91 (Fr): 61p.

Maes M. (ed.), Recueil de documents présent'es à la Consultation technique1991 des lacs Edouard et Mobutu partages entre le Zaire et l'Ouganda.

Projet Régional PNUD/FAO pour la Planification des PêchesContinentales (PPEC). RAF/87/099-WP/10/91 (Fr): 112p.

Nfamara, D., Introduction du Fumoir de type "Chorkor" au Burundi. Projet1992 R6gional PNUD/FAO pour la Planification des Pêches Continentales

(PPEC). RAF/87/099-WP/11/92 (Fr): 25p.

Nfamara D., Fish processing in the Kagera Region of Lake Victoria: a review.1992 UNDP/FAO Regional Project for Inland Fisheries Planning (IFIP).

RAF/87/099-WP/12/92 (En): 32p.

Pearce M.J., The Results of a Survey of the Fisheries of the Zambian waters1992 of Lake Tanganyika. UNDP/FAO Regional Project for Inland

Fisheries Planning (IFIP). RAF/87/099-WP/13/92 (En): 44p.

Mughanda M., Etat actuel de l'exploitation des pêcheries zairoises du lac1992 Edouard/Idi Amin : vers la destruction des populations

piscicoles. Projet Rêgional PNUD/FAO pour la Planification dePêches Continentales (PPEC). RAF/87/099-WP/14/92 (Fr): 36p.

Gréboval D., 'The fisheries of Lake Victoria : summary of project activities1992 to date'. UNDP/FAO Regional Project for Inland Fisheries Planning

(IFIP). RAF/87/099-WP/15/92 (En): 24p.

68

Gréboval D. and P. Mannini, The fisheries of Lake Victoria : Review of basic1992 data. UNDP/FAO Regional Project for Inland Fisheries Planning

(IFIP). RAF/87/099-WP/16/92 (En): 46p.