Regional Sector Update - RHB TradeSmart

Regional Sector Update

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16 March 2018 Energy & Petrochemicals | Regional Oil & Gas

Regional Oil & Gas Overweight (Maintained)

Stocks Covered: 17 Blockchain: From Mangoes To Cryptocurrencies Ratings (Buy/Neutral/Sell): 12 / 3 / 2

Last 12m Earnings Revision Trend: Positive Venezuela recently launched a cryptocurrency, the Petro. We doubt the success of such an issuance, due in part to US sanctions, as well as trust in the current Venezuelan Government. However, cryptocurrency uses blockchain technology, which we believe can change the way we do business in future. Oil majors have started to jump on the bandwagon. In this report, we delve into this technology and its possibilities. Venezuela remains the biggest wild card this year for crude oil supply (possibly falling by c.600kbpd). Our oil price per bbl forecasts is maintained at USD64 and USD60 for 2018-2019 respectively. Our Top Picks are PTT, PTTEP, PTTGC, Petronas Chemicals, Star Petroleum and Muhibbah.

Top Picks Target Price PTT Global Chemicals (PTTGC TB) – BUY THB108.45 Petronas Chemicals (PCHEM MK) – BUY MYR11.18 Venezuela’s “Petro” cryptocurrency

Source: CoinDesk

Venezuela’s crude oil production in steep declines

Source: OPEC, RHB

Blockchain technology is currently being used in various industries, from retailers to airlines. Dubai is also planning to have the first blockchain-powered government by 2020. A simple example of blockchain technology in action – multinational retailer Walmart tested this technology in tracking mangoes from farm to store. It was able cut down the time in tracing the origins of a packet of mangoes to a mere 2.2 seconds from six days, 18 hours and 26 mins previously. Other trialling blockchain include:

i. IRPC (IRPC TB, SELL, TP: THB6.43) and Bank of Ayudhya (BAY TB, NR) have deployed inter-ledger real-time international funds transfers, which enables the transfer of fund across countries in a matter of seconds rather than in 1-3 days previously.

ii. Royal Dutch Shell (Shell), Statoil and BP have formed a consortium with commodity trading houses and European banks to develop blockchain-based digital platforms for energy trading. This is expected to start by end-2018. Shell has also furthered its efforts by investing a minority interest in UK start-up Applied Blockchain Ltd.

Blockchain technology has the potential to increase efficiencies in supply chain management – reducing paperwork required, providing security, and lowering overall transaction and financing costs. Blockchain is also the technology behind cryptocurrencies. An oil-rich but cash-strapped nation. Venezuela has the world’s highest crude oil proved reserves (302bn bbls) and oil accounts for 95% of its foreign currency earnings. After years of mismanagement, though, crude oil production has fallen to historical lows. The EU and the US have also imposed sanctions against the Government. We estimate crude oil production could fall to average 1mbpd in 2018, falling 600kbpd from Dec 2017’s numbers. A presidential election is slated for 20 May. Should the current administration further consolidate power, it is possible that the US could impose further sanctions, banning Venezuelan crude imports and placing an embargo to the US oil and petroleum exports to the country – possibly putting a halt to domestic oil production altogether. Cryptocurrency may not be the answer. Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro has claimed that a pre-sale of the Petro raised USD5bn – a claim that the media has not been able to verify. The US Treasury Department has already claimed the Petro is a credit extension for Mr Maduro’s administration and is forbidden under the current sanctions. Successful or not, the Petro token has to be able to be converted into hard currency, or find dealer/suppliers willing to take payments in such tokens. As such, we believe the Petro may find it hard to succeed. We believe the real cause of Venezuela’s economic recession needs to be addressed. We believe global oil companies would be willing to enter Venezuela again under the right conditions and covert its oil assets into the cash the country so desperately needs.

Source: Company data, RHB

P/E (x) P/B (x) Yield (%)Dec-19F Dec-19F Dec-19F

Muhibbah Engineering BUY MYR3.00 MYR3.97 32.3 10.0 1.1 2.5 Petronas Chemicals BUY MYR8.10 MYR11.18 38.1 15.1 1.9 3.3 PTT Exploration & Production BUY THB115.50 THB123.00 6.5 12.6 1.1 3.2 PTT Global Chemical BUY THB95.50 THB108.45 13.6 11.6 1.4 4.2 Star Petroleum Refining PCL BUY THB17.30 THB19.55 13.0 16.7 1.4 3.0 PTT NEUTRAL THB560.00 THB572.01 2.1 12.3 1.6 3.3

Company Name Price Target% Upside

(Downside) Rating

Analyst Kannika Siamwalla CFA +66 2088 9744 [email protected]

http://www.efa.biz/

mailto:[email protected]

Regional Oil & Gas Regional Sector Update

16 March 2018


Blockchain And The Oil & Gas Industry Blockchain is already being used in various industries. Blockchain technology should be beneficial to companies that move products and people through complex supply chains. The technology is currently being used within (and between) first-adopter companies first. In the future, we expect governments using it.

Figure 1: Uses of blockchain in various industries

Various industries have already started using blockchain

Walmart (Retailer) The retailer is to start managing its supply chain via blockchain technology for 30 products in 2018. It has already tested the technology on its mango supply chain between the US, Mexico and some southern African countries last year. The mangoes would be tracked from tree to store using this technology – details provide would include harvest dates, location, and images of the fruit. The process would be simpler and more secure than barcodes, scanners and paper forms. Using blockchain technology, Walmart would be able to trace the origins of a bag of sliced mangoes within 2.2 seconds – under the older system it would have taken Walmart six days, 18 hours and 26 minutes to do the same thing.

British Airways (Airline) Blockchain technology has the potential to possibly cut information discrepancies between airlines, airports, and passengers. This would allow for a smoother flow for passengers. The airline has started to use blockchain technology for its London Heathrow, Geneva International Airport, and Miami International Airport flights. British Airways uploaded flight operations nearly continuously on its blockchain, allowing all parties to view the same information at the same time.

Everledger (Diamonds) Everledger started in 2014, using blockchain technology with the aim of certifying every diamond in the world. It already has 2.2mn diamonds on its registry. By recording 40 different measures for each stone, the company is able to trace the journey of a stone from when it is pulled out of the earth to the day it is purchased by a customer.

Dubai (At country level) Dubai has declared that it is to have the first blockchain-powered government in the world by 2020. This could streamline the real estate sector by moving the central records of all real-estate transactions into blockchain, thus making it easier and faster to transfer property titles.

Source: Wall Street Journal (WSJ), RHB

The multi-trillion dollar oil & gas industry, after being in existence since 1880, may start to embrace blockchain technology in the future. This industry is no stranger in adopting new technologies – it has used technology to lower breakeven costs from extracting oil. It also uses robots to operate huge remote drilling rigs and is able to tap into oil & gas reserves in ultra-deep seas, ie more than 1,500 metres in depth, via the use of new technologies.

What about blockchain technology? Oil majors like BP and Shell are looking to utilise blockchain technology to completely transform the way oil is bought and sold. And, by integrating blockchain into supply-line management and logistics, costs could be dramatically cut. In Nov 2017, a blockchain consortium was formed between Shell, Statoil, and BP, along with commodity trading houses Gunvor Group (Gunvor), Koch Supply & Trading, and Mercuria Energy Group (Mercuria). This grouping has the backing of banks ABN AMRO, ING, and Societe Generale. The purpose behind this is to develop a blockchain-based digital platform for energy commodities trading. This is expected to start by end-2018.

Although similar efforts for a trading platform such as this have failed before, this particular consortium of oil majors, trading houses and banks could be successful. The new venture is seeking regulatory approvals and would be run as an independent consortium. The aim of this consortium is to reduce administrative operations risks and cost of physical energy trading. It is also looking to improve the reliability and efficiency of bank-end operations. Note that this is a tool for trading and not a trading platform.

Mercuria has already shipped an oil cargo of African crude to China, selling it to one of its shareholders – China National Chemical Corp (ChemChina) – with ING and Societe Generale helping to execute the deal using blockchain technology. Shell has also furthered its move into blockchain technology, with its trading arm investing in a minority interest in UK start-up Applied Blockchain.


16 March 2018


What Is Blockchain? A brief summary of the new revolution that can change the way we do business in the future:

“Traditionally, organisations record transactions and isolate them to protect their accuracy and sanctity when conducting a business. Each organisation maintains its own separate record in order to independently verify the information.” (Deloitte)

Blockchain embraces the future of a sharing economy, in the sense that the ledger is no longer kept in isolation within an organisation but is a distributed consensus digital ledger that is shared and trusted.

According to Deloitte, there is one shared record that is distributed across all parties to the transaction. Each transaction – those that have taken place as well as the pending transactions – are batched and stored in a fixed structure called a block. This block would be verified as true and trustworthy via a consensus protocol, and is posted to the consortium members’ copies of the ledger. There is also a hash key that is specific to the transaction. If the block has been tempered with, the key becomes invalid, making tampering immediately evident to all parties.

When a new block is posted to the ledger, it is linked to and from the proceeding block, using their respective hash keys. This creates a fully traceable and verifiable un-tampered record in a chain, thus a blockchain. From any block, it is possible to access all previous or subsequent blocks linked together in the chain, thus a blockchain. This allows the participating parties – and only those parties – to share the accessible, transparent and trusted information. This is much very much like the how the World Wide Web freed up information and communications, and has transformed the way in which businesses, governments and our lives operate.

Blockchain has the potential to disrupt every major industry in the world. It uses a shared database that updates itself in real-time. It can also process and settle transactions in minutes using computer algorithms with no need for third-party verification – this creates more efficiency and provides huge cost savings. This is the same technology behind the Bitcoin electrocurrency.

At the moment, the challenge is on the legal-side, where blockchain technology is still not recognised by many governments around the world. The banks are working within their jurisdictions to make sure it can work worldwide.

Figure 2: Blockchain rules and regulations

The US According to the congressional resolution proposed in Jul 2016 in the US, “Blockchain technology with the appropriate protections has the potential to fundamentally change the manner in which trust and security are established in online transactions through various potential applications in sectors including financial services, healthcare, energy, property management and intellectual property management”. The US Government has not exercised its constitutional pre-emptive power to regulate blockchain to the exclusion states. As such, it is up to the states to introduce their own rules and regulations. In 2017, at least eight US states have worked on bills to accepted or promote the use of Bitcoin and blockchain technology. Most important developments for blockchain regulation and implementation in the US has been in Arizona (recognition of smart contracts), Vermont (blockchain as evidence), Chicago (real estate records) and Delaware (corporate registry, share issuance and trade, and maintenance of corporate stock on blockchain). Bitcoin is set to be given the same financial safeguards as traditional assets. The US Commodity Futures Trading Commission has granted cryptocurrency trading platform operator LedgerX approval to become the first federally-regulated digital currency options exchange and clearinghouse in the US. Europe The EU Commission is working on blockchain to support distributed ledger-based projects. The commission is considering growing its efforts in supporting more projects related to the distributed ledger technology. It also wants to pilot projects to foster decentralised innovation ecosystems, as well as help reshape interactions between consumers, producers, creators and among citizens, business and administrations to end benefit society. Switzerland is one of the main European hubs for cryptocurrencies and blockchain development. This has been spearheaded by Crypto Valley Association, a Swiss non-profit blockchain and cryptographic technology ecosystem, which has started to develop an Initial Coin Offerings (ICO) Code of Conduct.

Source: Business Insider


16 March 2018


Figure 3: Blockchain in the public sector

Source: Deloitte, Fletcher School at Tufts University (Mar 2017)

How does blockchain fit into the oil and gas industry? A simple example – for the oil industry, when a cargo of oil moves from seller to buyer via a trader, the ship captain has to stamp the bill of lading to acknowledge receipt of cargo for shipment. The papers go through to the customers, surveyors, agents and officials. The carrier of the cargo also has to issue letters of indemnity in case documents are not processed in time.

With the possibility of standardised blockchain contracts, the entire process could:

i. Reduce the amount of paperwork required;

ii. Be safer;

iii. Lower transaction and financing costs.


16 March 2018


Figure 4: International shipping and customs

Source: Deloitte


16 March 2018


What about Venezuela’s use of cryptocurrencies? Venezuela is facing the worst economic crisis in its history, with its oil production now at historic lows. The country is oil-rich but cash-strapped.

Venezuela has the world’s largest proved crude oil reserves at 302bn bbls, which is larger than Saudi Arabia’s 266bn bbls. It also has 5.7trn cu m of natural gas when compared to Saudi Arabia’s 8.6trn cu m, according to OPEC. In 1998, Venezuela’s crude oil production was 3.4mbpd. By 2016, its production averaged 2.1mbpd and fell further by 238kbpd to 1.9mbpd in 2017.

President Maduro’s government expects output to stabilise at 2.5mbpd this year. However, with possible large investments required to boost production – and taking into consideration the country’s brain drain and Petroleos de Venezuela’s (PDVSA) debt of USD65bn – we believe such targets may be difficult to reach. We expect crude oil production to average 1mbpd in 2018 under our base case scenario – note that Venezuela’s Dec 2017 production was 1.6mbpd. Worst case scenario for the country would be a complete halt of crude oil production – and this could happen should the US impose further sanctions on its oil industry.

Figure 5: Venezuela’s crude oil production steep decline Figure 6: 2017’s constant crude oil production decline

Source: OPEC,RHB Source: OPEC,RHB

A long history of mismanagement. In 4Q17, there was a purge at state-run PDVSA by Mr Maduro, where 70 senior managers were jailed on corruption charges and military generals – with no industry experience – were named to run the firm. This has more or less paralysed the state oil company.

This is not the first time such events have happened – in 2002 PDVSA workers staged a strike in after a coup failed to remove former president Mr Hugo Chavez from power. The government at the time subsequently fired c.18,000 of the company’s personnel. Below is a sample of the mismanagement of Venezuela’s oil & gas industry over the years. However, mismanagement is not limited to this sector alone, but spans across industries like agriculture, finance, steel, telecommunications, and more.

Figure 7: A long history of mismanagement

A history of mismanagement in Venezuela's oil & gas sector 2007 The Hugo Chavez’s government takes a majority stake in four oil projects in the vast Orinoco heavy crude

belt, worth an estimated USD30bn in total. Exxon Mobil Corp and ConocoPhillips quit the country as a result and filed arbitration claims. Late last year,

an arbitration panel ordered Venezuela to pay Exxon USD908m.

France’s Total SA and Norway’s StatoilHydro ASA received about USD1bn in compensation after reducing its holdings in the heavy crude belt. Britain’s BP and US firm Chevron Corp remain as minority partners at the time.

2008 Mr Chavez’s administration implements a windfall tax of 50% for prices over USD70 per bbl and 60% on oil over USD100 per bbl. Oil reaches USD147 that year, but soon slumps.

2009 The Chavez administration seizes a major gas injection project belonging to Williams Companies Inc (Williams) and a range of assets from local service companies. In 2012, the energy minister at the time said the Government would pay USD420m to Williams and one of its US partners, Exterran Holdings, for the takeover.

2010 The Government seizes 11 oil rigs from Oklahoma-based Helmerich & Payne Inc.

Source: Reuters, RHB


16 March 2018


All said, oil accounts for 95% of Venezuela’s foreign currency earnings, so the oil production decline would make it more difficult for the Government to import everything from machinery to medicine. According to the Wall Street Journal (WSJ), malnutrition is spreading among the young and elderly, and social stability within the country is fraying. The US and EU have imposed a series of sanctions against the ruling officials, with the US blacklisting members of the Constituent Assembly. It has also frozen all of Mr Maduro’s assets that are subject to US jurisdiction. The EU has also banned arm sales to Venezuela and is lining up initiatives to freeze assets and impose travel restrictions.

Crude oil production could come to a grinding halt. This could happen should the 20 May presidential election in Venezuela allows Mr Maduro to further consolidate his power. Further sanctions by the US on the country’s oil sector could bring crude oil production to a complete halt. This could include a ban on Venezuelan crude imports and an embargo on US light oil and refined products.

The country’s current efforts to negotiate a debt restructuring have not been successful, in part due to the current US sanctions restricting Venezuela’s access to financial markets. Of note, the US imported an average of 442kbpd as of Feb 2018, down from 749kbpd over the same period previously. The US also exports light oil to PDVSA so that it can mix this commodity with its extra heavy crude. The average crude oil and petroleum products exports to Venezuela stood at 77kbpd for 2017 and 75kbpd for 2016.

A collapsing economy. President Maduro’s efforts to consolidate power have led to crackdown on the oil industry. This has all but paralysed PDVSA. This coincided with the final quarter of 2017’s rapid declines in crude oil production. The depressed crude oil production is likely to worsen Venezuela’s economy.

The country is currently in a recession (GPD shrank 16% in 2016 with no improvements in 2017) with hyperinflation to top 2,000% in 2018, according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF). According to Reuters, Venezuelans are now skipping meals or are eating whatever they can scrounge from garbage bins.

The Government has already defaulted on more than USD700m in bonds. The opposition has blamed the inefficient state-led economic model, and rampant corruption has been blamed for the oil industry’s meltdown. On the other side, the Maduro camp has alleged that US-backed opposition supporters have sabotaged the oil sector.

This brings us to Venezuela’s cryptocurrency and barter trade. It was reported earlier this year that the cash-strapped country had offered some foreign pharmaceutical companies alternatives to cash, in the form of diamonds, gold and coltan to settle USD5bn in payments that were still outstanding. It was not clear if any companies accepted the offer. However, the severe cash shortage has led the Venezuelan Government to look at issuing a cryptocurrency.

Venezuela launches its own cryptocurrency in February. President Maduro claims his government had raised USD5bn in a pre-sale of the Petro, with 83,000 individuals investing from 127 countries. The media has considered this statement as odd, considering that the Petro can only be used for the payment of domestic taxes. Earlier reports stated that the pre-sale raised USD735m, where the WSJ indicated that there was no way to verify such claims.

The Petro token is not really a cryptocurrency, which is created by developers through blockchain technology. The token is more of an exchange-traded fund (ETF) that is backed by Venezuela crude. In turn, this token is backed by the Government. The motive for the Petro coin seems more towards circumventing the financial sanctions placed upon the country, where ETFs would normally be sold in the international capital markets. Last year the US imposed sanctions that barred banks from transactions with the Venezuelan Government and PDVSA. The US Treasury Department has claimed that the Petro was essentially “an extension of credit to the Venezuelan government”, which was strictly forbidden under the US sanctions.

Venezuela seems to be launching another token soon, which would be backed by gold. Sceptics abound and have expressed doubts that the currency would be able to thrive due to the lack of trust in the current government.

Cryptocurrencies remain the Wild West of investing. With crypto currencies, you can earn millions or lose everything in a very short period of time. The complete collapse of crypto projects is sometimes caused by interventions by the regulators or the result of mistakes by their project teams. This is in terms of security, where errors in coding have caused systems to be vulnerable, which have led to outright theft. There may also be scams, where projects owners have intentionally tried to be unsuccessful and take all the money raised.


16 March 2018


It seems investors have more faith in start-up crypto projects – where hundreds are launched daily and a vast majority have failed – rather than investing in the Petro or Venezuela’s gold tokens. In the case of this nation, we believe that, no matter how its assets (eg petroleum, gold, et al) are converted into digital currencies, the country would still have to convert it into hard currency or find dealers/suppliers willing to take such payments in tokens.

We believe such a task would be difficult to succeed, and the real cause of its economic recession needs to be addressed at its core. With Venezuela’s 302bn bbl of proved crude oil reserves, global oil companies were willing to stick with the previous Chavez government and – to a certain extent – with the current administration. Under the right conditions, global oil companies should be more than willing to enter this country again and convert its oil assets into the cash Venezuela so desperately needs.

Figure 8: Venezuela launches the Petro cryptocurrency

Source: ETHNews

We note that the design of the Petro has been controversial, with the white paper changing by the day. To our understanding, Venezuela is to issue 100m Petro tokens, with the entire issuance valued at USD6bn. According to Reuters, the Government is to sell USD2.3bn worth of Petros in a private offering at a discount of up to 60%, with USD2.7bn to be offered to the public a month later. Pre-sales started on 20 Feb and is slated to end on 19 Mar. The opposition party in Venezuela seems to have already declared the Petro an illegal debt issuance.


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RHB Guide to Investment Ratings Buy: Share price may exceed 10% over the next 12 months Trading Buy: Share price may exceed 15% over the next 3 months, however longer-term outlook remains uncertain Neutral: Share price may fall within the range of +/- 10% over the next 12 months Take Profit: Target price has been attained. Look to accumulate at lower levels Sell: Share price may fall by more than 10% over the next 12 months Not Rated: Stock is not within regular research coverage

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Hong Kong This report is issued and distributed in Hong Kong by RHB Securities Hong Kong Limited (興業僑豐證券有限公司) (CE No.: ADU220) (“RHBSHK”) which is licensed in Hong Kong by the Securities and Futures Commission for Type 1 (dealing in securities) and Type 4 (advising on securities) regulated activities. Any investors wishing to purchase or otherwise deal in the securities covered in this report should contact RHBSHK. RHBSHK is a wholly owned subsidiary of RHB Hong Kong Limited; for the purposes of disclosure under the Hong Kong jurisdiction herein, please note that RHB Hong Kong Limited with its affiliates (including but not limited to RHBSHK) will collectively be referred to as “RHBHK.” RHBHK conducts a full-service, integrated investment banking, asset management, and brokerage business. RHBHK does and seeks to do business with companies covered in its research reports. As a result, investors should be aware that the firm may have a conflict of interest that could affect the objectivity of this research report. Investors should consider this report as only a single factor in making their investment decision. Importantly, please see the company-specific regulatory disclosures below for compliance with specific rules and regulations under the Hong Kong jurisdiction. Other than company-specific disclosures relating to RHBHK, this research report is based on current public information that we consider reliable, but we do not represent it is accurate or complete, and it should not be relied on as such. United States This report was prepared by RHB and is being distributed solely and directly to “major” U.S. institutional investors as defined under, and pursuant to, the requirements of Rule 15a-6 under the U.S. Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Accordingly, access to this report via Bursa Marketplace or any other Electronic Services Provider is not intended for any party other than “major” US institutional investors, nor shall be deemed as solicitation by RHB in any manner. RHB is not registered as a broker-dealer in the United States and does not offer brokerage services to U.S. persons. Any order for the purchase or sale of the securities discussed herein that are listed on Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad must be placed with and through Auerbach Grayson (“AG”). Any order for the purchase or sale of all other securities discussed herein must be placed with and through such other registered U.S. broker-dealer as appointed by RHB from time to time as required by the Exchange Act Rule 15a-6. This report is confidential and not intended for distribution to, or use by, persons other than the recipient and its employees, agents and advisors, as applicable. Additionally, where research is distributed via Electronic Service Provider, the analysts whose names appear in this report are not registered or qualified as research analysts in the United States and are not associated persons of Auerbach Grayson AG or such other registered U.S. broker-dealer as appointed by RHB from time to time and therefore may not be subject to any applicable restrictions under Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) rules on communications with a subject company, public appearances and personal trading. Investing in any non-U.S. securities or related financial instruments discussed in this research report may present certain risks. The securities of non-U.S. issuers may not be registered with, or be subject to the regulations of, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Information on non-U.S. securities or related financial instruments may be limited. Foreign companies may not be subject to audit and reporting standards and regulatory requirements comparable to those in the United States. The financial instruments discussed in this report may not be suitable for all investors. Transactions in foreign markets may be subject to regulations that differ from or offer less protection than those in the United States. OWNERSHIP AND MATERIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Malaysia RHB does not have qualified shareholding (1% or more) in the subject company (ies) covered in this report except for: a) - RHB and/or its subsidiaries are not liquidity providers or market makers for the subject company (ies) covered in this report except for: a) - RHB and/or its subsidiaries have not participated as a syndicate member in share offerings and/or bond issues in securities covered in this report in the last 12 months except for: a) - RHB has not provided investment banking services to the company/companies covered in this report in the last 12 months except for: a) - Thailand RHB Securities (Thailand) PCL and/or its directors, officers, associates, connected parties and/or employees, may have, or have had, interests and/or commitments in the securities in subject company(ies) mentioned in this report or any securities related thereto. Further, RHB Securities (Thailand) PCL may have, or have had, business relationships with the subject company(ies) mentioned in this report. As a result, investors should exercise their own judgment carefully before making any investment decisions. Indonesia PT RHB Sekuritas Indonesia is not affiliated with the subject company(ies) covered in this report both directly or indirectly as per the definitions of affiliation above. Pursuant to the Capital Market Law (Law Number 8 Year 1995) and the supporting regulations thereof, what constitutes as affiliated parties are as follows: 1. Familial relationship due to marriage or blood up to the second degree, both horizontally or vertically; 2. Affiliation between parties to the employees, Directors or Commissioners of the parties concerned; 3. Affiliation between 2 companies whereby one or more member of the Board of Directors or the Commissioners are the same; 4. Affiliation between the Company and the parties, both directly or indirectly, controlling or being controlled by the Company; 5. Affiliation between 2 companies which are controlled, directly or indirectly, by the same party; or


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6. Affiliation between the Company and the main Shareholders. PT RHB Sekuritas Indonesia is not an insider as defined in the Capital Market Law and the information contained in this report is not considered as insider information prohibited by law. Insider means: a. a commissioner, director or employee of an Issuer or Public Company; b. a substantial shareholder of an Issuer or Public Company; c. an individual, who because of his position or profession, or because of a business relationship with an Issuer or Public Company, has access to

inside information; and d. an individual who within the last six months was a Person defined in letters a, b or c, above. Singapore RHB Research Institute Singapore Pte Ltd and/or its subsidiaries and/or associated companies do not make a market in any securities covered in this report, except for: (a) - The staff of RHB Research Institute Singapore Pte Ltd and its subsidiaries and/or its associated companies do not serve on any board or trustee positions of any issuer whose securities are covered in this report, except for: (a) - RHB Research Institute Singapore Pte Ltd and/or its subsidiaries and/or its associated companies do not have and have not within the last 12 months had any corporate finance advisory relationship with the issuer of the securities covered in this report or any other relationship (including a shareholding of 1% or more in the securities covered in this report) that may create a potential conflict of interest, except for: (a) - Hong Kong The following disclosures relate to relationships between RHBHK and companies covered by Research Department of RHBSHK and referred to in this research report: RHBSHK hereby certifies that no part of RHBSHK analyst compensation was, is or will be, directly or indirectly, related to the specific recommendations or views expressed in this research report. RHBHK had an investment banking services client relationships during the past 12 months with: -. RHBHK has received compensation for investment banking services, during the past 12 months from: -. RHBHK managed/co-managed public offerings, in the past 12 months for: -. On a principal basis. RHBHK has a position of over 1% market capitalization of: -. Additionally, please note the following: Ownership and material conflicts of interest: RHBSHK policy prohibits its analysts and associates reporting to analysts from owning securities of any company covered by the analyst. Analyst as officer or director: RHBSHK policy prohibits its analysts, and associates reporting to analysts from serving as an officer, director, advisory board member or employee of any company covered by the analyst. RHBHK salespeople, traders, and other non-research professionals may provide oral or written market commentary or trading strategies to RHB clients that reflect opinions that are contrary to the opinions expressed in this research report. This research report is not an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any security in any jurisdiction where such an offer or solicitation would be illegal. It does not constitute a personal recommendation or take into account the particular investment objectives, financial situations, or needs of individual clients. Clients should consider whether any advice or recommendation in this research report is suitable for their particular circumstances and, if appropriate, seek professional advice, including tax advice.

Kuala Lumpur Hong Kong Singapore

RHB Research Institute Sdn Bhd Level 3A, Tower One, RHB Centre

Jalan Tun Razak Kuala Lumpur 50400

Malaysia Tel : +(60) 3 9280 8888 Fax : +(60) 3 9200 2216

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Jakarta Shanghai Bangkok

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Jl. Jenderal Gatot Subroto No. 42 Jakarta 12710, Indonesia Tel : +(6221) 2783 0888 Fax : +(6221) 2783 0777

RHB (China) Investment Advisory Co. Ltd.

Suite 4005, CITIC Square 1168 Nanjing West Road

Shanghai 20041 China

Tel : +(8621) 6288 9611 Fax : +(8621) 6288 9633

RHB Securities (Thailand) PCL

10th Floor, Sathorn Square Office Tower 98, North Sathorn Road, Silom

Bangrak, Bangkok 10500 Thailand

Tel: +(66) 2 088 9999 Fax : +(66) 2 088 9799

Documents

Regional Sector Update - RHB TradeSmart