Regulation, Innovation and GTB...International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019 67 years and counting! Regulation, Innovation and GTB The UN Palais

International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019


67 years and counting!

Regulation,

Innovation and GTB

The UN Palais des Nations, Geneva

International Symposium on Automotive LightingDarmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019

Geoffrey R DraperGTB President


Disclaimer

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The information presented in this document is based upon my personalviews that are not intended to represent the GTB opinion

Part of this document was presented in my Keynote speech at theISAL2019 Symposium on 25 September 2019

Geoffrey R DraperPresident

The International Automotive Lighting and Light Signalling Expert Group (GTB)


THEME

• Lighting Innovation is delivering acknowledged improvements in traffic safety but needs good regulation at a GLOBAL level

• The UN global regulatory system has contributed to these safety improvements over the past 67 years, strongly supported by GTB

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SOMETHING TO SHOUT ABOUT!

• To support ongoing innovation, major changes in the UN regulatory system are in progress with emphasis upon the development of performance-based technical requirements

• What shall be the future?

THE FUTURE


1958 Agreement on UN Harmonised Technical Regulations

1998 Agreement on UN Global Technical Regulations (UN GTR’s)

2018 GRE delivers the 1st Stage of its Simplification Plan – Launches 2nd Stage

1977 1st session of the Working Party on Lighting and Light-Signalling (GRE)

1953 1st session of UNECE Working Party on Construction of Vehicles (WP.29)

1950 1st session of UNECE Ad Hoc Working Group on the prevention of road accidents

1948 1st session of UNECE Inland Transport Committee

HISTORY OF REGULATORY DEVELOPMENT - UNECE

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1952 1st session of GTB in Brussels

GTB granted Special Consultative Status at UN ECOSOC

2011 GTB established as a legal association

2014


1950’s 1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s 2010’s 2020’s

1952

1st GTB Session

1977

1st Session of the Working Party on Lighting and Light-Signalling

GTB – Joint Working Party of ISO, IEC and CIE (Contributing to WP.29 and GRE)

2014

GTB granted Special Consultative Status at UN ECOSOC

May 19521st GTB Session - Brussels

June 2019127th GTB Session - The Hague-Scheveningen (NL)

(Austria, Belgium, China, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Netherlands, Poland, Slovenia,

Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, UK, USA)

2011 Legally Established Association

(Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,

Switzerland, UK, )

1953

1st Session UNECE Working Party on Construction of Vehicles (WP.29) - Became the World Forum on Harmonisation of Vehicle Regulation

GTB AND REGULATORY DEVELOPMENT

2000

GTB ceases to be a standardisation body

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THE GTB CONTRIBUTION

TECHNICAL STEERING COMMITTEE AND WORKING GROUP STRUCTURE

Technical Steering Committee

Chair: D. Puglisi

Vice-chair: B. Terburg

Secretary: F Matarazzo

WG Front Lighting

Chair: E. Blusseau

Secretary: F.Hay

WG Light Sources

Chair: B Terburg

Secretary: W. Schlager

WG Safety and Visual Performance

Chair: R. Neumann

Secretary: G. Langhammer

WG Signal Lighting

Chair: L. Schwenkschuster

Secretary: T. Bauckhage

WG Installation

Chair: N. Blomqvist

Secretary: M Grainger

WG Strategy

Chair: W. HuhnCo. chairs: P-H Matha, R Neumann

Secretary: D Puglisi

WG Photometry

Chair: D. Kooss

Secretary: W. van Laarhoven

TF Conformity of Production

Chair: M Pernkopf

Secretary: W. van Laarhoven

TF Vehicle Level Laboratory Testing Procedure

Chair: G Draper

Secretary: T Reiners

To continually strive to be the partner of choice of governmental regulatory bodies and to work with them to develop and maintain high quality, performance based, technology neutral, globally harmonised technical requirements.

GTB Mission Statement

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1950’s 1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s 2010’s 2020’s

Regulation - 1st entry into force

1 Headlamp 1960

2 R2 Light Source 1960

3 Retro-Reflector 1963

4 Rear- Registration Plate Lamp 1964

5 Sealed Beam Headlamp 1967

6 Direction Indicators 1967

7 Position & Stop lamps 1967

8 Halogen Headlamps 1967


10 EMC 1970

19 Front Foglamps 1971

20 H4 Headlamps 1971

23 Reversing Lamps 1971

27 Advance Warning Triangle 1972

31 Halogen Sealed Beam Headlamp 1975

37 Light-Sources 1978

38 Rear foglamp 1978


45 Headlamp Cleaners 1981

48 Installation 1982

50 Signal lighting devices for Cat 1 Motorcycles 1982

53 Installation - Category L3 1982

56 Headlamps for Mopeds 1983

57 Headlamps for Motorcycles 1983

65 Special Warning Lamps 1986

69 Rear Marking Plates for slow moving vehicles 1987

70 Rear Marking Plates for heavy & long vehicles 1987

72 Motorcycle halogen headlamps 1988

74 Installation - Category L1 1988

76 Headlamps for Mopeds driving & passing beam 1988

77 Parking Lamps 1988

82 Halogen headlamps for Mopeds 1989


87 Daytime Running Lamps 1990

88 Retro-reflective tyres 1991

91 Side-marker lamps 1993

98 Gas discharge headlamps 1996

99 Gas discharge light-sources 1996


112 Asymmetrical Passing beam / Driving beam headlamps 2001

113 Symmetrical Passing beam / Driving beam headlamps 2001

119 Cornering lamps 2005

123 Adaptive front-lighting systems 2007


128 LED Light-sources 2012

0 International Whole Vehicle Type Approval (IWVTA) 2018

148 Simplified Regulation - Light-signalling devices 2019

149 Simplified Regulation - Road Illumination devices 2019

150 Simplified Regulation - Retro-reflective devices 2019

UNECE HISTORY OF REGULATORY DEVELOPMENT

Conventional (Static) Lighting and light-signalling technologies

2007 - Adaptive Lighting Systems (ADB 2010)

2012 - “LED” Lighting SystemsProgress of Innovation

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EVOLUTION - FROM EURO-CENTRIC TO GLOBAL

UNECE Working Party on Construction of Vehicles (Europe)

World Forum on Harmonisation of Vehicle

Regulation (WP.29)

(Global Technical Regulations)(38 Contracting Parties)

0 Lighting & Signalling GTR’s

Road Safety

Environmental Protection

Trade

Technical requirements followed by 53 contracting parties and other countries including China, India, Korea. NOT recognised by the USA

Contracting parties include China and USA

(Reciprocal Acceptance of Type Approval)(53 Contracting Parties)

41 Lighting & Signalling Regulations (2012)

UN 1998 AgreementUN 1958 Agreement

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EVOLUTION – SIMPLIFICATION OF THE UN REGULATIONS

2012 EU and Japan - initiative at WP.29

➢ reduce the administrative burden➢ reduce the need for continual amendment by

transforming regulations to be performance based and technology neutral

The Reaction

o GTB proposed an approach to simplify the UN Regulations (WP.29 Meeting June 2012)

o GRE Established an informal working group (IWG-SLR) (September 2014)

o 32 Sessions of GRE IWG-SLR September 2014 to September 2019

o GTB is the main contributor of technical proposals and provides the secretariat

This initiative created the basis for removing barriers to innovation

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SIMPLIFICATION OF THE REGULATIONS

STAGE 1“Editorial simplification”

STAGE 2“Performance based / Technology neutral”

REWRITE THE NEW REGULATIONS WITH UPDATED PERFORMANCE BASED TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS SUITABLE FOR THE FUTURE

REDUCE 41 UN REGULATIONS TO 14 REGULATIONS + 1 RESOLUTION

Provide a structure that limits to a minimum the number of parallel amendments necessary to achieve a regulatory change

Reduce the number of active/non-frozen regulations

Reduce the administrative burden (caused by maintenance of Regulations) on the Contracting Parties, the UNECE secretariat (and associated UN services) and the affected industrial sector

Reduce ambiguity in the provisions to provide consistent interpretation

Define the essential requirements in performance (technology neutral) terms to provide opportunities for innovation

Determine whether the current regulatory text presents barriers to innovation and whether safety considerations are addressed

Develop, as far as possible, performance-based and technology-neutral requirements to ensure freedom for technical innovation within a framework of safety principles

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SIMPLIFICATION OF THE REGULATIONS – The GRE SLR Working Group

Initiative of the European Commission and Japan to reduce the administrative burden

of regular amendments to the UN Regulations (WP29 156th session). GTB Response at

WP29 157th session

March 2012

Formation of GRE Informal Working Group on Simplification of

Regulations (IWG – SLR)September 2014

IWG-SLR Drafts a detailed 2 Stage Plan

➢ Following the GTB Proposal at WP29 157th session (2012)

➢Adopted by GRE – April 2016 and WP29 – June 2016

January 2016

December 2017 Stage 1 Simplification Proposals to GRE for adoption

January 2018 Stage 2 Activity launched in Shenzhen China

October 2018GRE adopts the stage1 simplification documents and

forwards to WP.29 for its March 2019 session.

July 2018 IWG-SLR starts detailed study of GTB proposals for Stage 2

2019

32 meetings so far

GRE IWG-SLR Experts at 22nd SessionShenzhen, China, January 2018

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Stage 1 enters into force November 2019



SIMPLIFICATION OF THE UN REGULATIONS – STAGE 1

Structure of UN lighting Regulations after Stage 1

12345678192023273138505657697072767780879198104112113119123

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UN

Dev

ice

Reg

ula

tio

ns

NEW UN REGULATIONSUN R148 “Light Signalling Devices”UN R149 “Road Illumination Devices”UN R150 “Retro-Reflective Devices”

INSTALLATIONR-48, R-53, R-74, R-86

LIGHT SOURCESR-37, R-99, R-128(Simplified structure with reference to a Resolution, R.E.5)

VARIOUSR-10, R-45, R-65, R-88

ONLY14 Live

Regulations

Entry into force – November 2019

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STAGE 2

The overarching objective is to update and harmonize the technical requirements for

lighting and light-signalling to be suitable for global implementation under the 1958 and

1998 Agreements.

STAGE 2

STEP 1

Revise the technical requirements of the new LSD, RID and RRD UN Regulations, to

become technology neutral with performance-based and objective test requirements

taking into account glare and visibility.

Amendments will also be required to the installation UN Regulations taking into account

the work of IWG-VGL.

Informal submission to the eighty-second session of GRE October 2019

Final consideration at the eighty-third session of GRE April 2020

Adoption by WP.29 November 2020

STAGE 2

STEP 2

Simplify and update the technical requirements of the UN installation Regulations

(Nos. 48, 53, 74, 86), to become technology neutral with performance-based and

objective test requirements

Informal submission to the eighty-sixth session of GRE October 2021

Final consideration at the eighty-seventh session of GRE April 2022

Adoption by WP.29 November 2022

SIMPLIFICATION OF THE REGULATIONS - STAGE 2

Work plan and time schedule for “Stage 2”STAGE 2 = SIMPLIFIED REGULATIONS with technology neutral and performance-based requirements

Device Regulations

Installation RegulationsIssues: Apparent surface / single lamp definition

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Remove subjective

assessment



FROM DEVICE TO SYSTEM- BASED REGULATION”

2007Adaptive Passing Beam System (AFS)

2012LED Headlamp

2017 / 2019Simplified Light-Source Regulation + Resolution

3 New Device Regulations

2018 / 2022Technology Neutral / Performance Based Regulations

3 Device Regulations (LSD / RID / RRD) + 4 Installation Regulations

2020 -2025? Development of Technical Requirements for Adaptive Lighting Systems

❖ Regulatory System to encourage innovation and improved lighting and signalling performance

❖ Regulated Requirements for minimum performance for safety

❖ Combination with NCAP systems to stimulate competition to offer improved performance

2010Adaptive Driving Beam

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PROSPECT: 2022 -2030

Conventional device technologies for• Road illumination• Light signalling and retro-

reflectors• Lighting for sensors• Comfort lighting

• Based upon existing balance of glare and visibility

• Updated photometric performance requirements

Adaptive road illumination system

technologies

Technology NeutralPerformance Based technical requirements at vehicle level

Critical Question:How to transform these technical requirements

into Globally Harmonised Regulation?

Requires a new system-level approach

TWO DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO REGULATION

• Installation requirements • List of allowed devices• Mandatory / optional installation

1

2

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GLOBAL HARMONISATION

“DRIVING VISION NEWS” WORKSHOP - REGULATORY SESSIONSTO BUILD CONSENSUS TO DEVELOP GLOBAL TECHNICAL REGULATIONS (GTR’S)

15 Sessions 2012-2019

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➢ It is time to start working on globally

harmonised technical Regulations

➢ Globally harmonised technical requirements

shall be the future basis for lighting and light-

signalling regulation.

➢ New technologies need to have globally

harmonised technical requirements available

for application in all markets

➢ Concerns about committing resources to this

major task because of the previous failed

attempts.

Consensus following DVN Workshop Tokyo – June 2018

Participants• Korean vehicle manufacturers• Japanese Automobile Parts Industry Association (JAPIA)• India (ARAI)• Chinese Lighting manufacturer• Japanese Automotive Manufacturers Association (JAMA)• Japanese Government (MLIT and Chair of WP29- AC3 (Administrative

Committee for the UN 1998 Agreement)• UNECE - GRE Chair• GRE Chairman

Written statements from:• China (CATARC)• American Automotive Policy Council (representing Fiat Chrysler

Automobile, Ford Motor Company and General Motors Company)• The European Commission

GLOBAL HARMONISATION

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GOVERNMENT CONSENSUS TO DEVELOP GLOBALLY HARMONISED TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

Potential Primary Stakeholders

GRE NGO’s

CLEPA/MEMA/JAPIA, GTB, IEC, IMMA, OICA,SAE

CP’s of 1998 Agreement at GRE

China, EU, India, Japan, Republic of Korea, USA

▪ Regular item on the GRE agenda

▪ GTR’s for adaptive road illumination systems and their installation

➢ THE important and likely topic.

▪ No Progress will be made without a commitment from the USA

Status of Discussion with CP’s

CP’s = Contracting Parties to UNECE 1958 and 1998 AgreementsNGO’s = Non Governmental Organisations

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CURRENT CHALLENGES

Complete the simplification of the UN Regulations

China is simplifying the GB Standards in line with the UN technical requirements

USA FMVSS108 is “out of step” with innovation

New developments, e.g. Digital lighting for projection of driver assistance features onto the road surface

Comfort lighting around the vehicle – How to Regulate?

New opportunities for vehicle design freedom (e.g. “long /thin headlamps –new signal lighting arrangements)

Light signals for autonomous vehicles

Lighting for sensors

Currently on course for completion in 2022

Ongoing Synchronisation is an issue due to 5 year time-lag to amend the GB standards

This is a major obstacle to global harmonisation

How to convince regulators that there is no safety disbenefit?

Need careful assessment of the impact of high luminance to vulnerable road users

Following a GTB proposal WP.29 and WP.1 are working to decide whether such signals are required.

GTB has created a taskforce to study the requirements

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VISION TO 2030

➢ Ageing population

➢ Mega cities

• Need a new way to define minimum safety requirements using a performance based approach translated into objective measurement systems

• Major research required to demonstrate no safety disbenefits.

• Is it time to specify maximum luminance of lighting systems?

• Should the minimum safety requirements be based upon worst case, i.e. the ageing population?

DEVELOPMENTS TO BE CONSIDERED

• Adaptive road illumination systems

• Adaptive signalling systems

• Projection of driver assistance features on the road surface

• New vehicle styling and driver comfort features

• Vehicle levelling / Headlamp and sensor cleaning

• Autonomous vehicles – lighting for sensors and human / vehicle interaction

DEMOGRAPHIC INFLUENCES

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ADAPTIVE LED MATRIX SYSTEMS FOR ROAD ILLUMINATION - GREAT OPPORTUNITIES FOR INNOVATION

Need a new regulatory approach

Encourage improved forward visibility for the driverImproved glare control to other road users

Totally technology neutral / performance based requirements

Specify minimum visibility /maximum glare for safety In terms of:• the position on the road of the 3.0 isolux line • maximum illuminance on the eyes of the opposing driver

No cutoff / levelling requirements

Translate the “on road” photometric requirements into spherical coordinate test positions.Luminous intensity requirements that can be measured in the 25m laboratory.

Vehicle Level Laboratory Test Procedure

To validate the compliance of the adaptive beam system in terms of glare to oncoming drivers.

Objective testing to replace the current subjective evaluation or “on-road” photometry

Combine with NCAP systems To encourage manufacturers to exceed minimum safety levels

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VEHICLE LEVEL LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURE – Adaptive Road Illumination Systems

GTB VLLTP Taskforce Workshop (July 2019)

Photometric assessment in

laboratory

Vehicle system characteristics (Vehicle model

specific)

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THE NEED FOR RESEARCH

Vehicle level performance requirements

No cutoff requirementsNo levelling requirementsTechnology neutral

Manufacturer selects technology to satisfy minimum legal safety requirements

Manufacturer can elect to provide superior performance to improved NCAP ratings

ADAPTIVE MATRIX ROAD ILLUMINATION SYSTEMS

❖ Determine minimum safety requirements

❖ How far does a driver need to see along the road (minimum visibility isolux line) ➢ With and without opposing glare

❖ Maximum illuminance at drivers eyes for acceptable glare

❖ How to take account of the needs of the ageing population in terms of glare and visibility limits

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Perspective view based upon driver’s eye height of 1150mm

Glare zones according to the dynamic traffic geometry

Minimum road surface illumination based upon a 3.0 isolux line on a horizontal plane 25cm above the road surface (CIE TC4-45)

Regulatory Approach for Adaptive Systems

Minimum range of the 3.0 lux line along the kerb

(100m = minimum stopping distance at

100km/hour?)

Road illumination isolux boundaries to be defined and transformed into a matrix of spherical coordinates and luminous intensities

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WHAT DO WE HAVE TO DO?

➢Create and continuously update our vision for regulatory needs to support innovation

➢Contribute to the work of GRE to deliver the whole simplification programme by 2022

➢Develop proposals to amend the technical requirements, supported with independent research by globally reputed institutes

➢Promote the significant safety advantages of the new adaptive technologies to increase public awareness

➢ Lobby to build a consensus, among the Contracting Parties to the 1998 agreement, to develop GTR’s with political commitment to implement in national legislation

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67 years and counting!

Regulation,

Innovation and GTB

International Symposium on Automotive LightingDarmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019

Thank you for your attention

Documents

Regulation, Innovation and GTB...International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019 67 years and counting! Regulation, Innovation and GTB The UN Palais