Relative Clauses March 13- Modified

8/11/2019 Relative Clauses March 13- Modified

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RELATIVE CLAUSES

Read the sentences below.

1. The credit card that you lostis in my car.

2. The bridge which brokehas been repaired

3. The tall man who is wearing the red T-shirtis my uncle.

4. The student who won the awardwants to study in the USA

5. The moie which you watched last nighthas won seeral !scars.

". She is a teacher that all students like.

#. The boo$ that you wantedis on my table.

%n the sentences aboe what &unction is per&ormed by the underlined clauses' relatie clauses(

)*hat in&ormation do they gie us(

) what do the clauses begin with(

) which words describe people(

) which words describe things(

)*hat part o& speech is who, which/that(

+*hat are relatie pronouns(

)*hat are the nouns'noun phrases that who/which /that refer to?

Try to de&ine a relatie clause now,

1. A relatie clause gies more in&ormation about ------------ and ---------------

2. They usually begin with the words ------------ ----------------- or ---------------

3. --------------- is used to tal$ about people

4. ))))))))))))))) and -------------- are used to tal$ about things.

5. ))))))))))))))))))) can be used to tal$ about both things and people.


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/ow compare these sentences with sentences 13 and 5.

A0 The credit card is in my car which you lost.

0 The moie has won seeral !scars which you watched yesterday.

0 The student wants to study in the USA who won the award.

/ow read sentences 1 3 and 5 again. ompare the in&ormation in the sentences. o sentencesA and contain the same in&ormation( Are these sentences correct(

)*hy are they incorrect( *hat changes need to be made so that the sentences coney the right

meaning(True or False, A relatie clause must ALWAYSbe placed net to the noun or pronounit relates to.

/ow loo$ at these sentences,

1. This is the house where % was born.

2. The time when % was born was midnight.

3. The author whose boo$ won the /obel ri6e will isit 7uscat this month.

Are these sentences similar to sentences 1)#(

o the relatie clauses per&orm the same &unction( *hat are the relatie pronouns in the three

sentences(

EXERCISE1.

omplete each sentence with the correct relatie pronouns.

CO2Emissions

According to marine biologist !2 emissions --------------- has risen sharply in recent

years are causing great damage to the marine ecosystem much more than preiously belieed.

The obseration which was made at a recent science con&erence has become a cause o& great

concern to enironmentalists. Robert 8unter ------------- is a well $nown marine biologist

together with other scientists has collected an enormous amount o& data. The data has been

collected &rom o&& the coasts o& %taly and apua /ew 9uinea ------------- high

concentrations o& !2occur. A ":; decline in &ish species was noticed especially in areas

--------------- carbonic acid was the highest. This data eplains the almost total

disappearance o& certain arieties o& &ish. The maimum damage occurs in summer

-------------- the temperature is highest.


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EXERCISE 2

*or$ in pairs. Read the passage.

10 Underline all the relatie clauses

20 ircle the noun which it modi&ies.

Lakes too are affected by lobal War!"#$%

A study was conducted recently to &ind out the e&&ect

o& global warming on la$es. The scientists who did the

study wor$ed &or /ASA. The scientists say the data

which was conducted on 1"# la$es< gie scientists a new way to measure the impact o& climate

change around the world. The scientists say that the in&ormation about global warming should

concern eery country and eery person who lies on earth not =ust scientists. >ery year

representaties &rom di&&erent countries meet at some important city where they discuss climateissues. According to alderon one o& the representaties at the climate con&erence the time when

any action must be ta$en is now? @ater will be too late.

&EFI'I' A'& '(')&EFI'I' RELATIVE CLAUSES

Read the &ollowing pairs o& sentences.

A1. 7y sister who is a doctor will isit me net wee$.

A2. 7y house which oerloo$s the beach is epensie.

A3. 7y sister who lies near 7t. esuius has no plans o& moing anywhere else.

1. 7y sister who is a doctor will isit me net wee$.

2. 8ouses that oerloo$ the beach are epensie.3. eople who lie near olcanoes hae to be on the alert at all times.

- /otice the punctuation in the aboe sentences. oes the punctuation ma$e a di&&erence in

the meaning(

- %n sentence A1 A2 and A3 is the in&ormation who is a doctor,rwhich overlooks the

beachand who lives near Mt. Vesuviusabsolutely essential Bnecessary0( !r is it =ust

additional in&ormation aboutsister and house

- %n sentences 1 2 and 3 can the relatie clause be remoed( + *hy or why not(

Sentences li$e A1 A2 and A 3 are called non de&ining relatie clauses. Sentences 1 2 and

3 are called de&ining clauses.omplete the sentences about de&ining and non de&ining relatie clauses. hoose &rom the

words gien, essential (necessary), commas (2), additional, non-essential,

%n non)de&ining clauses the in&ormation gien by the relatie clause is not ----------. The

in&ormation is --------------This in&ormation is put within -----------. %n de&ining

relatie clauses the in&ormation is ---------- to the meaning o& the sentence. /o

---------- are used


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EXERCISE *

*hich o& these relatie clauses are de&ining and which are non)de&ining(

Cor non)de&ining clauses punctuate the sentences by putting commas in the correct places.

1. @etDs isit a country where it is always bright and sunny. ---------------------

2. A camel is an animal which is &ound in hot desert regions. ---------------------

3. 7y neighbor who wor$s in ! is getting married. ---------------------

4. 7ar$ Twain who wrote Tom Sawyer is my &aorite author. ---------------------

5. % hae lost the boo$ that % borrowed &rom the library ----------------------

.

EXERCISE +%

omplete the sentences.

1. An ory is an animal that

------------------------------------------------------------------

2. % li$e sub=ects which -------------------------------------------------

3. This is a moie that ----------------------------------------------------

4. riers who ----------------------------------------------------------

5. !man has many places where --------------------------------------------

". *inter is the time o& year when ------------------------------------------

#. The students who ----------------------------------- ---are mar$ed absent.


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E. >ening is the time when ------------------------------------------------

F. % li$e holidaying in places where -------------------------------------------

1:. >ercise which --------------------------------------should be done regularly


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EXERCISE , A-E .

*or$ in teams. Unscramble these words to ma$e a sentence containing a relatie clause. A timelimit will be gien to you by your teacher. The team with the most correct answers wins.

1. Gapan ) the tsunami ) was ) disaster ) that deastated ) the biggest ) o& 2:11

---------------------------------------------------------------------

2. was ) Stee Gobs ) o& Apple ) died ) the >!) who ) in 2:11.

----------------------------------------------------------------------

3. o& driers ) that tests ) ar racing ) an eciting sport ) the s$ill and courage + is

----------------------------------------------------------------------

4. when ) are + eams ) usually held ) is Cebruary ) the month

---------------------------------------------------------------------

5. hae )where )earthHua$es ) are &reHuent ) specially )ountries + designed) houses)


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EXERCISE /

*or$ with a partner. Read the tet. %t contains seen errors in the use o&

pronouns. orrect the errors and rewrite the tet. The &irst one has been done. T0e Sudde# &"saeara#ce of &"#osaurs

There are many theories whicheplain the sudden disappearance o& dinosaurs.

The theory which most o& the scientists accept it are the asteroid theory and the climate change

theory. According to two &amous scientists who their names are ----------------- and----------------- a huge asteroid crashed into the earth 1": million years ago. 8uge

amounts o& dust rose into the earthDs atmosphere and preented the sunlight &rom entering the

earth. As a result the plants died. onseHuently the dinosaurs also died that suried on plants. A

second theory which is the rapid change in the earthDs climate. At that time dinosaurs ruled the

earth the di&&erence between temperatures at the poles and at the eHuator was not much.

8oweer the earthDs temperature suddenly &ell and the climate became ery cold which was

moderate be&ore. The etreme cold $illed the dinosaurs.

EXERCISE %

ombine the sentences into one sentence. %t must contain a relatie clause.

>ample, 1. 7uscat is situated on the coast.

2. %t is the capital o& !manAnswer, 7uscat which is the capital o& !man is

situated on the coast

>ample, 1. % hae a &riend. 2. She is a dentist.Answer, % hae a &riend who is a dentist.

4a. ollution is high in certain areas.

4b. ensity o& tra&&ic is more in these areas.

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2a. Gapan is a country.

2b. >arthHua$es occur &reHuently here.

-------------------------------------------------------------------

5a. %n the west o& the USA wild&ires are common.

5b. 8ere the weather is hot and dry

----------------------------------------------------------------------1a

"a. Recent discoeries point to the possibility o& li&e on other planets.

"b. These discoeries hae been made by /ASA

---------------------------------------------------------------------.

1a. 7t. inatubo is a olcano.

1b. %t is in the hilippines.

1c. it caused great enironmental damage in 1FF".

-------------------------------------------------------------------

3a olcanoes deposit nutrients.


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3b. These nutrients are ery aluable

3c. these nutrients are good &or the soil

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Ea. 9liese 5E1g is a new planet.

Eb. %t has the right si6e and location &or li&e.

Ec. %t is 2: light years away.

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EXERCISE 3

Read the passage about >S!.

>S!, The >nironmental Society o& !man

The >S! is an enironmental group in !man. %t is mainly a whale and dolphin research group.

!manDs waters are home to about 2:; o& cetaceans. The >S! group consists o& local olunteer

scientists. They are independent researchers. The group wor$s to rescue whales. !n September

1F 2::E the team wor$ed &or seeral hours on a beach in ar$a. Recently >S! organi6ed an

anti littering campaign in the amaniyat %slands with the aim o& reducing litter. The group gies

presentations to people publishes articles in local media and deelops educational material to

raise awareness about the need to protect the enironment.

'o4 "!ro5e t0e te6t by add"#$ !ore deta"ls% T0e deta"ls 0a5e bee# $"5e# "# t0e se#te#ces

belo4% F"#d t0e best lace for t0e "#for!at"o#% F"rst c0a#$e t0e se#te#ces "#to relat"5e

clauses. T0e# re4r"te t0e te6t%

They are stranded on beaches or entangled in &ishing nets


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A dolphin had been stranded at this place

%t a&&ects the enironment o& the amaniyat %slands

Their wor$ is recogni6ed and approed by the 7inistry o& >nironment and limate

A&&airs.

%t is the collectie name &or whales and dolphins.

They wor$ together to collect and spread $nowledge about !manDs cetaceans.

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Relative Clauses March 13- Modified