Release Area W16-5, Barcoo Sub-basin, Browse Basin, Western Australia

HighlightsBids close 23 March 2017 Under-explored area containing similar source rocks, reservoirs, seals and plays

as the adjacent Caswell Sub-basin petroleum province Adjacent to the Brecknock and Calliance gas fields to the north Gas shows in wells south of the release area Some 3D seismic coverage over the release area Further guidance available, please refer to 2016 Special Notices

Release Area W16-5 is located within the Barcoo Sub-basin, the southernmost depocentre of the Browse Basin, 190 km off the northwest coast (Figure 1) in water depths of 140–1400 m. Compared to the Caswell Sub-basin, this region is underexplored. The release area covers 34 graticular blocks (2810 km2) and is adjacent to the Brecknock and Calliance gas fields to the north. There are also gas shows in the Arquebus 1, Lombardina 1 and Sheherazade 1 wells to the south.

The Browse Basin is one of a series of extensional basins that form the Westralian Superbasin and has undergone six major tectonic phases during its development. This includes middle Carboniferous–early Permian extension; early Permian to Late Triassic thermal subsidence; Late Triassic to Early Jurassic inversion; Early to Middle Jurassic extension; Late Jurassic to Cenozoic thermal subsidence; and Middle Miocene to Holocene inversion (Figure 2).

The Barcoo Sub-basin forms one of the major depocentres of the Browse Basin, and is 200 km long (northeast–southwest) and 130 km wide (northwest–southeast) and contains up to 12 000 m of Paleozoic to Cenozoic sediments (Struckmeyer et al, 1998; Figure 2). The most likely source for hydrocarbons in this sub-basin is the Lower to Middle Jurassic Plover Formation, which is the source and host of dry gas occurrences in the adjacent Brecknock and Calliance gas fields. At the Brecknock and Calliance accumulations, the upper Plover Formation is the main reservoir, while the lower Plover Formation acts as the main reservoir at Torosa (Figure 2). The older sandstones were deposited in a fluvial-dominated upper delta plain, with the younger sandstones reflecting deposition in a tidally influenced lower delta plain environment (Tovaglieri et al, 2013; Tovaglieri and George, 2014). Some tuffaceous volcanics are also present at some locations within the lower Plover Formation (Tovaglieri et al, 2013).

Combined structural and stratigraphic plays include Jurassic horsts/tilted fault blocks and associated drape anticlines (Error: Reference source not found), and Cretaceous submarine canyon fill and basin floor fans. Miocene fault-reactivation inversion anticlines along the margin of the Barcoo Sub-basin and Leveque Shelf also provide structural traps (e.g. Lombardina structure drilled by the Arquebus 1, Lombardina 1 and Sheherazade 1 wells; South Galapagos 1 anticline; Figure 3).

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Figure 4 shows the existing data coverage of the region, with only one well, Omar 1, being located within the Release Area. 2D seismic coverage has an average 5 km line spacing in the Release Area. The Brecknock 3D (to the north) and Omar 3D (to the south) seismic surveys overlap parts of the Release Area.

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Petroleum systems elements

Barcoo Sub-basin

Sources Aptian–Cenomanian marine Jamieson Formation (oil-prone) Valanginian–Aptian marine Echuca Shoals Formation (oil-prone) Callovian–Valanginian marine Vulcan and Montara formations (oil-prone) Lower–Middle Jurassic fluvio-deltaic Plover Formation (oil- and gas-prone)

Reservoirs Lower Cretaceous marine Jamieson Formation Lower Cretaceous shallow marine sandstones and submarine fans of the Echuca Shoals

Formation Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous marine upper Vulcan Formation Middle–Upper Jurassic marine Montara (Ichthys) and lower Vulcan formations Lower–Middle Jurassic fluvio-deltaic Plover Formation Upper Triassic deltaic Nome Formation

Seals Regional Seals

Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous marine Vulcan Formation Lower Cretaceous marine Echuca Shoals and Jamieson formations

Intra-formational Seals

Lower–Middle Jurassic fluvio-deltaic Plover Formation

Traps Jurassic horsts/tilted fault blocks and associated drapes Faulted anticlines Cretaceous submarine canyon fill, basin floor fans and ‘ponded’ turbidite stratigraphic traps Miocene fault-reactivation inversion anticlines along the margin of the Barcoo Sub-basin and

Leveque Shelf

Infrastructure and marketsThe Release Area is in proximity to the Torosa, Brecknock and Calliance gas fields that were proposed for LNG and condensate development. The operator, Woodside Petroleum Limited, announced the Browse Joint Venture’s intention to commercialise these gas accumulations via a FLNG project in September 2013. As of June 2015, the Browse Joint Venture agreed to enter the front-end engineering and design (FEED) phase for the development. A final investment decision was made in early 2016 to shelve the project. The estimated resources are 15.4 Tcf of dry gas and 453 MMbbl of condensate (Woodside, 2015).

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Critical risksThe potential absence of oil-prone source rocks of suitable maturity is a risk in the Barcoo Sub-basin. The Upper Jurassic succession which contains the source rocks for many North West Shelf oil accumulations, is either thin or absent in the Barcoo Sub-basin. The Lower Cretaceous succession that provides the oil charge in the Caswell Sub-basin is immature to marginally mature in the Barcoo Sub-basin. Gas at Arquebus 1 ST1 suggests that source, maturity and relative migration/trap timing are not critical risks for gas prospectivity in the Barcoo Sub-basin if it is assumed that generation occurred within this depocentre. An alternative scenario proposed by Le Poidevin et al (2015) is that the gas in the Lombardina structure could result from the long-distance migration of gas spilt from the Calliance structure. The presence of an inferred oil column at Arquebus 1 has not been supported by subsequent fluid inclusion analysis (Lisk, 1996). Blevin et al (1997) attributed failure of the Sheherazade 1 well, which targeted the same structure, to a lack of up-dip lateral seal or reactivation and breach via Pliocene faults. As with the Caswell Sub-basin, the reservoir and seal quality is variable throughout the sub-basin (e.g. poor Plover Formation porosity due to cataclastic deformation as seen at Lombardina 1; Haston and Farrelly, 1993).

Marine and environmental information

Release area W16-5 Located 200 km from the Kimberley coastline, wholly over the western margin of the Barcoo Sub-basin in water

depths ranging from 100-1 500 m.

Seabed sediments are dominantly carbonate in composition, have increasing mud present with increasing depth, and likely include a large proportion of relict material.

Positioned within an area of continental shelf with significant demersal fish communities and located to the southwest of Scott Reef Complex.

Potential hazards: Tropical cyclones, macro tides and internal waves.

Release Area W16-5 is 200 km from the coast, and located wholly over the western margin of the Barcoo Sub-basin in water depths of 100-1 500 m, on terrace and slope geomorphology. One single pinnacle is located in the southwest. Seabed sediment is predominantly carbonate in composition, generally muddy sand in texture with sand dominant in shallower areas. Shallower sections with steeper slopes are likely to have a large proportion of hard rocky seabed. Release Area W16-5 is located in an area where surface waters are affected by the Leeuwin Current, and internal tides (Rayson et al, 2011).

Key ecological featuresKey ecological features include an ancient coastline at 125 m, continental shelf demersal fish communities and the commonwealth waters around the Scott Reef Complex (National Conservation Values Atlas, 2016).

Commonwealth marine reservesThe release area overlaps Kimberley Commonwealth Marine Reserve Multiple Use Zone IUCN VI.

Biologically important areasRelease area W16-5 overlaps with the following biologically important areas (National Conservation Values Atlas, 2016);

Pygmy Blue Whale migration route along the shelf edge at depths 500-1 000 m, and a known foraging area in the north,

Whale Shark foraging along the 200 m isobath.

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Information resourcesNational Conservation Values Atlas http://www.environment.gov.au/webgis-framework/apps/ncva/ncva.jsf

Conservation management Plan for the Blue Whale 2015-2025 http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/recovery/blue-whale-conservation-management-plan

Threatened species scientific committee conservation advice Megaptera noveangliae (humpback whale) http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/pubs/38-conservation-advice-10102015.pdf

Australian national shipwreck database http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/historic-shipwrecks/australian-national-shipwreck-database

Kimberley Commonwealth Marine Reserve http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/marine/marine-reserves/north-west/kimberley

ESD Report Series No. 5: Pearl Oyster Fishery http://www.fish.wa.gov.au/Documents/esd_reports/esd005.pdf

AFMA Commonwealth Fisheries http://www.afma.gov.au/fisheries/

Geoscience Australia products Browse Basin High Resolution Seismic Study – North West Shelf, Australia – Interpretation Report. Australian

Geological Survey Organisation Record 1997/38 by Blevin et al, 1997.

Browse Basin Well Composites. Dataset by Ryan et al, 2005.

Basement and Crustal Structure of the Bonaparte - Browse Basins. Conference abstract by Goncharov et al, 2003.

Interpreted Horizons and Faults for Seismic Survey 119. Browse Basin. Data package by Kennard et al, 2001.

Interpreted Horizons and Faults for Seismic Survey 130. Browse Basin. Data package by Kennard et al, 2001.

Line Drawings of AGSO – Geoscience Australia’s Regional Seismic Profiles, Offshore Northern and Northwestern Australia. Geoscience Australia Record 2001/36 by Colwell and Kennard 2001.

Regional geology and seismic

Stratigraphy Browse Basin Biozonation and Biostratigraphy Chart No. 32. Chart by Kelman et al, 2014.

Petroleum systems and accumulations Australian Petroleum Accumulations Report 7 Browse Basin: Western Australia and Territory of Ashmore and

Cartier Islands Adjacent Area, 2nd edition, Geoscience Australia Record 2015/10 By Le Poidevin et al., 2015.

Hydrocarbon Migration and Seepage in the Timor Sea and Browse Basin, North West Shelf, Australia: An Integrated SAR, Geological and Geochemical Study. Geoscience Australia Record 2001/11 by O’Brien et al, 2000.

Browse Basin Organic Geochemistry Study, North West Shelf, Australia. Australian Geological Survey Organisation Record 1997/57 by Boreham et al, 1998.

Subsidence and Thermal History Modelling: New Insights into Hydrocarbon Expulsion from Multiple Petroleum Systems in the Browse Basin. Conference abstract by Kennard et al, 2003.

Geoscience Australia Survey 267, Post Survey Report: Testing Natural Hydrocarbon Seepage Detection Tools on the Yampi Shelf, Northwestern Australia. Geoscience Australia Record 2005/15 by Jones et al, 2005.

Characterisation of Natural Gases from West Australian Basins. Publication by Boreham et al, 2000.

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Hydrocarbon Generation and Expulsion from Early Cretaceous Source Rocks in the Browse Basin, North West Shelf, Australia: A Small Angle Neutron Scattering and Pyrolysis Study. Geoscience Australia Record 2007/04 by Radlinski et al, 2006.

Source Rock Time Slice Maps: Offshore Northwest Australia, 2004. Dataset by West et al, 2004.

The Oils of Western Australia II. 2005. Publication by Edwards and Zumberge 2005.

Redefining the petroleum systems of the Browse Basin. Program and Abstracts. AOGC2014: the 18th Australian Organic Geochemistry Conference, 30 November–2 December 2014, Adelaide, South Australia by Edwards et al, 2014.

The source of oil and gas accumulations in the Browse Basin, North West Shelf of Australia: a geochemical assessment. AAPG International Conference and Exhibition, 13–16 September 2015, Melbourne, Australia, Abstract by Grosjean et al., 2015.

Marine Survey to Investigate Seal Integrity Between Potential CO2 Storage Reservoirs and Seafloor in the Caswell Sub-basin, Browse Basin, Western Australia: GA0345/GA0346/TAN1411 – Post-survey Report. Unpublished manuscript by Howard et al, 2016.

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