Relevant activities in EMEP Wenche Aas EMEP/CCC (NILU) EMEP Monitoring programme Expansion to the EECCA region, HTAP QA/QC

Relevant activities in EMEP

Relevant activities in EMEP

Wenche AasEMEP/CCC (NILU)

• EMEP Monitoring programme

• Expansion to the EECCA region, HTAP

• QA/QC

Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC , EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007

Monitoring programme/strategy:Level 1•Main ions in precipitation and in air •heavy metals in precipitations•ozone •PM10 and PM2.5 mass •meteorology

at ca 125 sites

Level 2, supersite (joint EMEP/GAW)• POPs• Heavy metals in air and aerosols• VOC• EC/OC, OC speciation• Mineral Dust• PM speciation incl. gas particle ratio

+ all level 1 activities

15-20 sitesBoth levels are mandatory by all Parties


Challenges to implement the strategyChallenges to implement the strategy

Level 1 Some Parties have difficulties to find national

resources, most problems in Eastern Europe Many sites lack a few parameters to get a

complete measurement program of level 1

Level 2 POPs and Hg monitoring receives little attention VOC receives little attention (but EU directive

addressing PAHs offers assistance) Full chemical speciation of particles is difficult.

It’s costly, and there are problems to harmonise methodology (i.e for EC/OC)


Intercontinental transport of Hg

Total annual Hg deposition in the Northern

Hemisphere

Mercury deposition to Europe:contribution of continents of NH

4%12%

3%5%

15%

61%

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Eur

ope

Asi

a

Am

eric

as

Nor

ther

nA

fric

a

Oce

ans

Sou

thH

emis

.

Tota

l Hg

depo

sitio

n, t/

y

NaturalAnthropogenic

POPs and O3 are also important topics in HTAP


Current ”integration” initiatives

WMO-GAW SACs and WCCs EECCA region, monitoring capacity Capacity building and improvement in infrastructures Field data resources – meta data compilation (ACCENT) Quality assurance documentation archive (ACCENT) Initiatives towards “data flow harmonisation” Harmonisation of monitoring strategies should be

considered

HTAPHTAP


New EMEP sites in the EECCA regionNew EMEP sites in the EECCA region

MD: Leovo

KZ: Borovoye

GE: Abastumani

AR: Amberd

Support from:

CAPACT http://www.unece.org/ie/capact

Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs

EECCA: East Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia


CAPACT project (2004 –2007):CAPACT project (2004 –2007):

“Capacity Building for Air Quality Management and the Application of clean Coal Combustion Technologies in Central Asia”

http://www.unece.org/ie/capact/

Objective

The project will address the technological gaps and raise awareness of air quality management within the institutions in Central Asia. (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan)

Improved policies for air quality management (emission, monitoring, reporting etc).

Investments in technologies for cleaner combustion of coal.

Improved national energy policies.


Expectations, EECCA countries Expectations, EECCA countries

A very important region with very little monitoring today High emissions Strategic area for hemispheric transport issues Links EMEP and EANET

Expected that most countries will sign the EMEP protocol soon.

Need to establish EMEP level 1 sites in each country. Support can be found, i.e. from foreign aid money, EU,

UNECE.

Training and capacity building is necessary.


WMO

ICP


Why QA/QC is vitalWhy QA/QC is vital

Comparable measurements needed to make regional and global assessments

Need methods that are easy to use, cheap and long lasting for trend analysis (changing methodology may affect the trend

A harmonisation of methodology has been developed during the last 30 years and are still developing


QA activities in EMEPQA activities in EMEP• Site characterization

• Documentation of methods and material -detection limits, precision, accuracy,-instructions for maintenance and calibration

• Manual and standard operating procedures (SOPs)

• Lab intercalibration

• Co-located experiments (field comparison)

• Training courses

• Data checking and validation-e.g calculate ion balance and time trends

• Flagging data


Necessary national QA/QC activitiesNecessary national QA/QC activities Proper siting for representative measurements Use recommended field and lab methods

Follow QA/QC procedures in field and lab

Evaluate the data and flag or delete biased or erroneous data

Report data in proper format and meta data: information of methods detection limits Precisions siting information


Plotting time trends

Plotting annual dataset

Plotting ion balance

Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC , EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007http://www.nilu.no/trajectories/ All EANET sites is also included


Field inter-comparisons, SO4 in air

Field inter-comparisons, SO4 in air

Estonia

Spain


Zingst (DE09)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360

julian day, 2000

gS

/m3

Filterpack

TCM

y = 0.87x + 0.34

R2 = 0.26

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

TCM

filt

erp

ack

Schauinsland (DE03)

0

2

4

6

8

10

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360

julian day, 2000

gS

/m3

Filterpack

TCM

y = 1.18x - 0.05

R2 = 0.87

0

2

4

6

8

10

0 2 4 6 8 10

TCM

filt

erp

ack

Comparison of SO2 measurements (filterpack vs. TCM) in GermanyComparison of SO2 measurements (filterpack vs. TCM) in Germany


Summary of co-located SO2 measurementsSummary of co-located SO2 measurements


Measurement and model intercomparisonMeasurement and model intercomparison

Cd in precip at FI17

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1990,Jan 1992,Jul 1995,Jan 1997,Jul 2000,Jan 2002,Jul

Mod

Obs??

NO

ES


Lab intercomparisons annuallyLab intercomparisons annually


QA flags based on lab and field intercomp.QA flags based on lab and field intercomp.

qa flagg field lab qa flagg field lab qa flagg field qa flagg field lab qa flagg field labAT 22-- B - - - - - - - - - - - -CH 3200 B A 33-- B - - - - - - - - -CZ 12-- B - 0300 - A - - 00 - A --00 - ADE 0100 A A --00 - A 00-- A --00 - A --30 - BDK 0000 A A --00 - A 00-- A --00 - A --00 - AEE 1200 B A 6210 B A - - - - - - - -ES 32-- B -- 30-- B -- 00-- A - - - --20 - AFI 1010 A A - - - 00-- A --00 - A --00 - AFR 2003 B C - - 20-- BGB 1010 B A 5300 B A 00-- A - - - -HU - - - 1310 B A - - - - --40 - BIE 00-- A - 5000 B A - - - - - -LT 1000 B A 3200 B A 10-- B 1010 B A --00 ALV 5010 B A 0200 B A 22-- B 1030 B B 0210 A ANL 11-- B - 03-- - - 00-- A - - - -NO 0000 A A 0020 A A 00-- A --20 - A --00 - APL 0010 A A 4340 B B 01-- A --00 - A --01 - APL05 2000 B A 5200 B A 32-- B --10 - A --00 - ASE 0000 A A 1010 B A 00-- A --00 - A --00 - ASI 0031 A B --00 - A 20-- B --00 - A --00 - ASK --10 - A 5300 B A - - --00 - A - - -TR 0010 A A --00 - A - - --10 - A --20 - AYU - - - 53-- B - - - - - - -

SNH4SO2 NO2 SO4 SNO3


Intercomparison between networksIntercomparison between networks

CAPMon / EMEP -2007

EANET / EMEP –2006

Global intercomparison:

lab WMO GAW PC

Field – nothing


NH4 Na

SO4

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

nm

ol/

m3 )

NILU

PCD

NO3

Field intercomparisons, EMEP -EANETField intercomparisons, EMEP -EANET


SummarySummary

Global and hemispheric issues are more and more important

Lack of sites and measurements in several parts of the world

Need for further harmonisation of methods

QA/QC activities across the different regional networks are necessary Initiative within the EU project ACCENT for a

common meeting this autumn/winter

Passive sampler and low cost denuder to be used in

monitoring

Passive sampler and low cost denuder to be used in

monitoring

Wenche AasEMEP/CCC (NILU)


Passive samplersPassive samplersAdvantages Excellent for high spatial resolution Representativity studies Inexpensive Easy to use, and high flexibility No need for electricity nor a real station /site Long term exposure – E.g: cumulative uptake of

ozone to forest

Disadvantages Inaccurate compared to active sampler Long sampling time (episodes not detected) Should be checked against active sampler


Passive samplers can be an alternative method in some casesPassive samplers can be an alternative method in some cases

From IVL, Sweden

SO2 will be better taken from filterpack

NH3 and HNO3 is good supplements to filterpack to correct for gas/particle distribution –low cost denuder even bettre alternative

Depending on purpose of monitoring:

NO2 and O3 may be replace active sampler

But for health warnings and assessment hourly data are needed

POPs – good alternative for spatial assessment


POP passive sampler campaignPOP passive sampler campaign

Selected POPs: PAHs PCBs, HCHs, HCB, “New” POPs (PBDEs)

Objectives:

•To gain new insight into the spatial patterns

•consistent sampling and analytical methodologies

•passive air samplers as a complementary measurements

•supporting model validation


Passive samplers for POP- samplers developed that provide samplers developed that provide weekly, monthly or yearly time weekly, monthly or yearly time integrated air conc.integrated air conc.

Polyethylene

PUF


AccuracyAccuracyAccuracyAccuracy Passive samplers and active samplers

deployed at the same site/duration

Within a factor of 2 for various PAHs Including higher molecular weight compounds associated with particles…

0.01

0.1

1

10

0.01 0.1 1 10

Active sampler based air concentration (ng m -3)

Pas

sive

sam

ple

r b

ased

air

con

cen

trat

ion

(n

g m

-3)

Bartkow et al 2004

Jaward et al 2004

x = y


Nitrogen depositionNitrogen deposition NOx dry deposition relatively small

NH3 and HNO3 dry dep is important and it necessary to study the gas particle distribution between NO3 vs HNO3 and NH3 and NH3. Vd between gas an particle is very different

Filterpack method can be biased due to NH3NO3 evaporation from aerosol filet and/or HNO3 NH3 deposition on humid aerosol filter

Low cost denuder measurements is a good supplement/alternative – 1 month measurements

Documents

Relevant activities in EMEP Wenche Aas EMEP/CCC (NILU) EMEP Monitoring programme Expansion to the EECCA region, HTAP QA/QC