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Reliable and Real-time Communication in Industrial Wireless Mesh Networks Speaker : Chih-Ching Chen Advisor : Dr. Ho-Ting Wu 2014/10/21

Reliable and Real-time Communication in Industrial Wireless Mesh Networks

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Reliable and Real-time Communication in Industrial Wireless Mesh Networks. Speaker : Chih-Ching Chen Advisor : Dr. Ho-Ting Wu 2014/10/21. Outline. Introduction Wireless Mesh Network Reliable Graph Routing Definitions Algorithms Conclusions References. Introduction. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Reliable and Real-time  Communication in  Industrial Wireless  Mesh Networks

Reliable and Real-time Communication in Industrial Wireless Mesh Networks

Speaker : Chih-Ching Chen

Advisor : Dr. Ho-Ting Wu

2014/10/21

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Outline

Introduction Wireless Mesh Network Reliable Graph Routing

Definitions Algorithms

Conclusions References

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Introduction

Wireless Mesh Network 具有與傳統有線網路截然不同的特性,包括隨時可能改變的網路型態、沒有方向或範圍限制的移動等,因此,它 需 要 一 種 新 的 路 由 協 定( Routing Protocol ) 來 替 這 些 Node ( 節點)找出彼此聯繫的路徑。

在無線網路的環境中,時常會因為距離和雜訊的影響下而導致資料無法成功傳送,為了確保資料傳送的成功率上升,這裡敘述如何建立 reliable graph routing 。

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Wireless Mesh Network (1/2)

Wireless Mesh Network 是一種完全無線、可任意移動的網路架構,不需要基地台,所有 Node 可 以 任 意 地 進 行 連 結 , 且 每 個Node 同時具有 Router (路由器)的功能。

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Wireless Mesh Network (2/2)

在 Wireless Mesh Network 網路架構中,當其中一個 Node 發生問題,其他與它相連的 Node 會自動找 到 其 他 的 Node 代 替 , 也 就 是說, Wireless Mesh Network 不會因為一個 Node 無法發揮作用,就導致該 Node 以下的全部 Node 都跟著失去作用,而使用者可視情況需要隨時新增或移除一個 Node ,非常方便。

同時每個 Node 都必須擁有動態的 Routing 能力,讓每個裝置在接收訊息的時候,都能判斷這個訊息 是 “ 接 收 這 個 訊 息 ” 或 是 “ 傳 給 下 一 個Node” ,訊息也就是利用這樣的方式傳送到目的地。

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Reliable Graph Routing

為了增加傳送的資料可以到達目的地的成功率,這裡定義一些關於 Reliable Graph Routing 的概念。

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Source Routing

來源裝置到目的裝置在傳送資料之前先決定一條繞送方式,之後傳送資料只能依照此路徑傳送,

如 Figure 1 。

Figure 1 - Source routing

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Graph Routing

來源裝置到目的裝置能夠在傳送資料的過程中,選擇繞送的方式,如 Figure 2 。

Figure 2 – Graph routing

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Network Topology

以下 (Figure 3) 是一網路拓樸

Figure 3 – Network topology

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Uplink Graph

每個裝置都有到 Gateway 的路徑,如 Figure 4 。

Figure 4 – Uplink graph

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Broadcast Graph

從 Gateway 到每個裝置的路徑,如 Figure 5 。

Figure 5 – Broadcast graph

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Downlink Graph

從 Gateway 到其中一個裝置的路徑,如Figure 6 所示,實線為 Gateway 到裝置 4 ,虛線為 Gateway 到裝置 3 。

Figure 6 – Downlink graph

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Notations

G(V, E): original network topology (Figure 3) GU(VU, EU): uplink graph (Figure 4) GB(VB, EB): broadcast graph (Figure 5) GV(VV, EV): downlink graph (Figure 6) δi

-: device i 有多少 incoming degree δi

+: device i 有多少 outgoing degree

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Reliability Requirements and Reliable Graphs – Definition 1

Definition 1: 一有向圖 G(V, E) 的所有節點v 必須滿足 (k, m)-reliability 且 δv

- k, ≧δv

+ m≧ 。 若 k = 0, δv

- 則沒有限制 若 m = 0, δv

+ 則沒有限制

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Reliability Requirements and Reliable Graphs – Definition 2

Definition 2: 從有向圖 G(V, E) 找到一有向無環圖 GB(VB, EB) ( 其中 VB = V, EB 為 E 的子集合 ) ,此圖符合 (2, 0)-reliability 則是一 reliable broadcast graph ,其中 Gateway和 AP 不在此限制。

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Reliability Requirements and Reliable Graphs – Definition 3

Definition 3: 從有向圖 G(V, E) 找到一有向無環圖 GU(VU, EU) ( 其中 VU = V, EU 為 E 的子集合 ) ,此圖符合 (0, 2)-reliability 則是一 reliable broadcast graph ,其中 Gateway和 AP 不在此限制。

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Reliability Requirements and Reliable Graphs – Property 1

Property 1: GB 和 GU 都不會少於兩個AP 。

Proof: 假設只有一個 AP

v

AP

u

AP

u

v

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Reliability Requirements and Reliable Graphs – Definition 4

Definition 4: 從有向圖 G(V, E) 找到一圖GV(VV, EV) ( 其中 VV 為 V 的子集合 , EV 為E 的子集合 ) 。 其中節點 v 是唯一的目的端, Gateway 是唯一

的來源端 每一個中繼節點必須符合 (0, 2)-reliability 環路的長度必須為 2 ,並且在環路中的節點要

有一條方向往節點 v 符合以上三項條件則是一 reliable download

graph 。

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Reliability Requirements and Reliable Graphs – Property 2

Property 2: GV(VV, EV) 至少包含一條有向環路。

Proof: 假設裝置 v 鄰近 AP

A1

G

A2

v

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Difficulties in Achieving Completely Reliable Graphs

Figure 7 – Success ratio vs. Edge success probability

Figure 8 - Percentage of reliable nodes

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Constructing Reliable Broadcast Graph - Algorithm

G

A A

1 2 3

4 5

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Constructing Reliable Uplink Graph - Algorithm

G

A A

1 2 3

4 5

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Constructing Scalable Reliable Downlink Graph

為 什 麼 不 是 “ Constructing Reliable Downlink Graph”?

因 為 有 n 個 裝 置 要 從 G(V, E) 找 到 n 個GV(VV, EV) 會造成網路上不必要的配置開銷,並且考慮到裝置 v 的前一跳的節點若已 經 建 立 了 自 己 的 reliable downlink graph ,為何不將此 graph “reuse” 則能減少網路上的配置開銷,還能夠建立裝置 v的 reliable downlink graph 。

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Constructing Scalable Reliable Downlink Graph - constraints

u1 u2

v

C1

u1

u2

v

Gu2

C2

v

u1

u2

Gu1

C3

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Constructing Scalable Reliable Downlink Graph - Algorithm

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Constructing Scalable Reliable Downlink Graph

G

A A

1 2 3

4 5

u1 u2

v

C1u1

u2

v

Gu2

C2

v

u1

u2

Gu1

C3

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Conclusions

以上說明的這些演算法可以找到比較可靠的繞送方式,但對於比較邊緣裝置的可靠度較低,甚至只有一條連結可以連接,對此裝置的 Packet delivery ratio (PDR) 會比其他裝置還要低。

當底層使用 TDMA 的架構進行傳輸,在此並未詳細說明時槽的規劃。

假設在時槽規劃上,勢必會浪費一些時槽,但可以確保 PDR 會有所上升。

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References

Song Han, Xiuming Zhu, Aloysius K. Mok, Deji Chen, Mark Nixon, “Reliable and Real-time Communication in Industrial Wireless Mesh Networks,” Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS), 2011 17th IEEE, pp. 3-12, April 2011.

WirelessHART, 2010 International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC 62591.

無線網狀網路http://www.gss.com.tw/index.php/focus/eis/76-eis43/476-wireless-mesh-network

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Thanks for listening