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Remote sensing, promising tool of the future. Mária Szomolányi Ritvayné – Gabriella Frombach VITUKI CONSULT. MOKKA Conference, June 15. 2007. Remote Sensing (RS):. Images can be recorded from different sampling distance, in optional time and in the required wavelenght ranges - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Remote sensing, promising Remote sensing, promising tool of the futuretool of the future
Mária Szomolányi Ritvayné – Gabriella Frombach
VITUKI CONSULT
MOKKA Conference, June 15. 2007.
Remote Sensing (RS):
Images can be recorded from different sampling Images can be recorded from different sampling
distance, in optional time and in the required distance, in optional time and in the required
wavelenght rangeswavelenght ranges
Large amount of data can be detected from wide Large amount of data can be detected from wide
area, in a short timearea, in a short time
Invisible phenomena can be monitored, as wellInvisible phenomena can be monitored, as well
Change of the phenomena can be trackedChange of the phenomena can be tracked
MOKKA Conference, June 15. 2007.
It does not have an affect on the target objectIt does not have an affect on the target object
Lots of sensors are available depending on the required Lots of sensors are available depending on the required
wavelenght ranges wavelenght ranges
Measurable, phisical data can be collected during the Measurable, phisical data can be collected during the
operationoperation
Collected data can be integrated to databases storing Collected data can be integrated to databases storing
complex and spatial informationcomplex and spatial information
Benefits of RS
MOKKA Conference, June 15. 2007.
Electro-magnetics radiation from the space comes into Electro-magnetics radiation from the space comes into contact with the elements of the ground surfacecontact with the elements of the ground surface
Basis of RS
reflectreflect
absorbabsorb
passpass throughthrough(e.g. on water)
Their rates depend on the type and the status of the ground surfaceTheir rates depend on the type and the status of the ground surface
Objects of the ground surface have different spectral featuresObjects of the ground surface have different spectral features
Objects and shapes reflect a differing way in every single spectral Objects and shapes reflect a differing way in every single spectral rangerange
Multispectral data acquisition is based on this conceptMultispectral data acquisition is based on this concept
MOKKA Conference, June 15. 2007.
Electro-magnetics radiation
Its source is mainly the SUNIts source is mainly the SUN
Passive RS
Passive sensorsPassive sensors
Active RS
Active sensorsActive sensors
Measurement of the radiation coming from the Sun and reflected by the ground surface, or emitted by the objects themselves – efficiency depends on the weather conditions(cameras, multispectral, hyperspectral and termal scanners)
Both the source and the sensors are equiped on an airplane or a satellite(radars, lidars – distance meters)
MOKKA Conference, June 15. 2007.
Electro-magnetics spectra (1)
Only a part of the electro-magnetics spetra can be seen by the human eyes
Short wavelenght range < 400 nmUV, x-ray, -ray
Visible range: 400 – 800 nmVisible range: 400 – 800 nm
Long wavelenght range : > 800 nminfrared-, micro-, radio-waves
MOKKA Conference, June 15. 2007.
Electro-magnetics spectra (2)
Source: Dr. Csató, Éva 2000 MOKKA Conference, June 15. 2007.
Radiation of the Earth
Reflected solar radiation
Spectrum of electro-magnetics waves
Electro-magnetics spectra (3)
Wavelenght ranges, where the absorption of the atmosphere is minimal, are called
WINDOWSWINDOWS
O p t i c a l WINDOWO p t i c a l WINDOW Micro-waveMicro-wave WINDOWWINDOW
Source:
Presented by graphs spectral reflectance curves
Each materials and surface shapes have a special reflectance curve due to their own different features
Spectral reflection
Forrás: David Landgrebe
Forrás: Buiten,1993 Land coverLand cover
Clay contentClay content
Water contentWater content
MOKKA Conference, June 15. 2007.
Source:
Source:
WaterTreeSoil
The multispectral and hyperspectral (HS) imaging technologies are the most advanced generation of the RS
Advantages of the HS sensors: Nowadays measurments are taken on hundreds of bands (VIS 400-900 nm, NIR
900-1700 nm) Bandwidht < 10 nm Bands are continualcontinual, RS is on a contiguous contiguous wave-lenght Most of them are dual-camera (400-2400 nm) airborne sensor
Airborne Hyperspectral RS (1)
The HS imaging records the spatial and the spectral features of The HS imaging records the spatial and the spectral features of the samplesthe samples
Cél Objektív lencse
ImSpector Mátrix detektor Térbeli tengely
Sp
ek
trá
lis
te
ng
ely
Lencsék és PGP alkotók Bemenet
Source: FVMMGI
Scanning the surface of the sample storing the image made by the matrix sensor
Combination of the images
„spectral datacube”
HS information HS information datablockdatablock
MOKKA Conference, June 15. 2007.
Airborne Hyperspectral RS (2)
Building of the spectral classes from information
Computer data-analysis Predefined criteria
„Learning process” of the system – SPECTRAL DATABANKSPECTRAL DATABANK
Classification of the information by pixels
Statistical calculation
Class Conditional
Feature Extraction
Processing software - CLASSIFICATION CLASSIFICATION
System is already capable „to identify” the detected object.
MOKKA Conference, June 15. 2007.
Mapping of land uses Detection of the landcover Measurment of biomass Assessment of the phyto-plankton and
chlorophyll-a content of the surface waters (water pollution, eutrofization)
Status assessment of vegetation Mapping of the soil surface and –status:
• Soil water content• Mineral content• Extent and type of contaminationExtent and type of contamination• Investigation of the efficiency of Investigation of the efficiency of
remediationremediation
Status assessment of pavement and infrastructures
Etc.
Scope of the possible application (1) Environment protection – agriculture – industry
MOKKA Conference, June 15. 2007.
Environmental Environmental
datadataTransport modellingTransport modelling
Satellite and Satellite and airborne airborne
data data collectioncollection
Building of a field specific Building of a field specific spectral databasespectral database
Hyperspectral detection Hyperspectral detection of contaminated areasof contaminated areas
Scope of the possible application (2) Complex environment protection and agricultural application
Forrás: FVMMGI
Thank you for Thank you for attention!attention!
MOKKA Konferencia, 2007. június 15.