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II Recent ID Fpubli cationsRecommendations for Presentation of
Mastitis-Related DataPart 1: Somatic Cell CountPart 2: Records of
Clinical Mastitisby a sub-group of ID F Group A2- Bovine M astit
isHistorically, somatic cell count data have been presented in
avariety of ways, making comparisons of data from differentsources
difficult, if not impossible. Milk somatic cell countsare
increasingly used to compare milk quality within regionsor states
of a country as well as among countries. The finalnumber used to
indicate the status of a country/region/milkcooperative can vary
greatly depending upon the method usedfor calculation. As the
demand for such comparisons increa-ses, so does the need for a
standardized method of calculation.A subgroup of A2 was organized
under the leadership of Olav0sterls (Norway) with the charge to
produce a documentrecommending standardized methods for
presentation ofsomatic cell count data. A section on presentation
of clinicalmastitis data is included as these data also suffer from
a lackof consistent method of presentation, and comparisons
amongstudies or reports are very difficult.
The document is presented in the form of a condensedversion for
quick reading and introduction to the subjectmatter, and as the
full text with complete detail. The docu-ment will be a useful
reference for those publishing datainvolving somatic cell counts
and/or incidence of clinicalmastitis cases, and that the document
will help bring clarity toan area in need of clarity.20 pp. ~
English onlyGuidleines for Evaluation of the Milking Processby J.
Hamann (Germany) (in conjunction w it h the ID FM achine M il ki ng
and M astit is Subgroup A2D of Group A2)The paper describes
guidelines to evaluate the entire process ofmechanical milking.
Application of the guidelines will result indetailed information on
interactions between machine, milkerand dairy cows, and the related
efficiency of milking, milkremoval and any risk of new infection of
the mammary gland.The guidelines are based mainly on evaluation of
the followingcriteria: (1) Operator action and behaviour; (2)
Animal factorsand behaviour; (3) Machine characteristics, and (4)
Generalconditions of housing and management.5 pp, ~ Engli sh and
FrenchDirectives pour IEvaluation des Processus de Traitepar J.
Hamann (Al lemagne) (en collabor at ion avec e Group e FILA2D du
Groupe A2 sur es M achines a rair e et a M ammit e)Ce document
decrit les directives destinies a evaluer le pro&dede traite
mecanique dans sa totalite. Lapplication de cesdirectives devrait
debaucher surdes informations detailleesrelatives aux interactions
entre dune part la machine, le laitieret les vaches laitieres, et
dautre part Iefticacite relative de latraite, lenlevement du lait
et tout risque de nouvelle infectionde la grande mammaire. Ces
directives se basent essentielle-ment sur levaluation des criteres
suivants: (1) action etcomportement de loperateur; (2) les animaux
et leur compor-tement; (3) parambres de la trayeuse, et (4)
conditions gener-ales de logement et de gestion.5 pp. - Anglais et
raqcaisBul leti n N o. 32111997, 36 pp au tot al, 1200 BEFDietary
Calcium in Healthby ID F Group of Expert s F22- Di etar y Calcium
and HealthThis is an update of a monograph on dietary calcium
andhealth published by IDF in 1991. Seven major topics arereviewed:
calcium and osteoporosis, calcium-iron inter-relationships, calcium
and colon cancer prevention, bioavail-ability of calcium calcium
and blood pressure, calcium andkidney stone formation, and sodium
and calcium metabolism.The topics are reviewed critically and
present a balanced andobjective view of the calcium and health
issue.34 pp. ~ English onlyBul leti n No. 32211997, 36 pp. in ot
al, 1200 BEF
World Dairy Situation 1997Result s of annual surv ey present ed
by t he President of Comm is-sion C at the Annual Session s (Reyk
jav ik ), August 1997This bulletin is the first revamped edition of
the World DairySituation report presented to Commission C at IDFs
AnnualSessions. In addition to the collation of figures and
commentsfrom IDF National Committees and other sources where IDFhas
no National Committees, contributions from the ZMP andMilk Marque
have significantly added to the publication. Milkproduction,
industrial milk processing, trade in dairy products,development of
demand and consumption, and prices for 1996are presented, along
with forecasts for 1997/98.
The dairy situation in 36 individual countries is summar-ized.42
pp. - English onlyBul leti n No. 32311997, 1300 BEFIDF Guidelines
for Hygienic Design and Maintenance of DairyBuildings andServi
cesby ID F Group of Expert s B48- Hy gienic Design and M
ain-tenance of Dair y Buil dings and Serv icesThis comprehensive
manual provides guidelines for the hygie-nic design and maintenance
of dairy buildings and servicesduring construction, renovation or
extensions. These guide-lines focus on practical aspects to be
applied by the dairyindustry and any other persons directly or
indirectly involvedin hygienic management of dairy processing.Bul
let in No . 32411997, 72 pp. 1600 BEFMajor Changes in the
International Dairy TradePapers present ed at t he Conference of
Commi ssion C held i nReykjavik, Iceland, 27 August 1997This
bulletin includes papers presented at the ConferenceMajor Changes
in the International Dairy Trade organizedby Commission C at IDFs
Annual Sessions in Reykjavik,Iceland, in August 1997
The new international trade regime for dairy products ingeneral
is discussed, but also with respect to the WTO andNAFTA in
particular. The regional developments are descri-bed for North
America, Western and Eastern Europe, LatinAmerica, the Middle East
and North Africa, and South EastAsia and the Far East. The specific
market trends are high-lighted by the developments in the global
consumption ofdairy products, in the cheese market and the
expanding ingre-dients market in the USA. Finally, the strength of
the dairysector is related to the strength of the European retail
chains.Bul l et i n No . 32511997, 72 pp., 1600 BEFThe World Market
for Cheese (Fourth Edition)by H. Herlev Sorensen (Denmark ) (ID F
Commi ssion C, GroupC2)The report presented here is based mainly on
a questionnaire,prepared by the Danish Dairy Board, and sent to the
IDFmember countries. Replies were received from 15
countries,representing approximately 75% of total world
cheeseproduction. The information given in the questionnaire
hasbeen supplemented by the usual statistical sources, such asFAO,
OECD, ZMP, etc. Data for the period 1987-1996 areincluded and
provide an overview of the latest trends andstructural changes in
total world cheese production, trade, andconsumption.
This report is an update of the results presented in
Bulletin307/1995.Bul l et i n No. 32611997, 46 pp., 1300 BEFRemoval
of Fats, Oils and Grease in the Pretreatment of DairyWastewatersby
ID F Group of Expert s B18-Control of Wat er & WasteWat er in
the Dairy IndustryLiquid wastes, resulting from the utilization of
milk in dairymanufacturing processes, require disposal. These
wastescontain a certain percentage of the raw material product.
The
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Recent IDF publications I11composition of whole milk contributes
not only BOD load fortreatment. but also has certain other
constituents whichbecome part of the waste. These principally are:
Fats, Oils andGrease (FOG). It is necessary for these to be reduced
inconcentration if not eliminated altogether, thus enabling
thebiological treatment to proceed without any inhibitors to
thebiological reduction of the organic matter in the wastewater.
Anumber of possible pretreatment systems are examined to seehow FOG
can be eliminated prior to the main treatmentprocess itself which
is generally of a biological nature.
The answers to an IDF questionnaire on the pretreatmentof dairy
wastewaters are presented and general conclusions aredrawn.
The final section presents a case study on
physico-chemicalwastewater treatment from a liquid milk plant in
Rotterdam,Holland.13 pp. ~~English only
Possible Implications of Milk Pasteurization on the Manu-facture
and Sensory Quality of Ripened Cheese: A Review*by R. Gruppin &
E. Beuvier (France)*Comprehensive summar_v qfa paper submitted to
the Internu-tionul Dairy JournalThe review takes a look at the most
significant changes in milkinduced by pasteurization in relation to
cheesemaking
elimination or stress of microorganismsactivation/inactivation
of indigenous milk pro-enzymesand enzymesdenaturation of serum
proteinsmodification of milk renettabilityconsequences on growth
and activity of starter and non-starter microorganisms:
It is clear that pasteurization of milk modifies the
biochem-istry and microbiology of ripening, and ultimately the
flavourand texture of cheese. The indigenous milk flora, with
itsdiversity of species and strains, appears to be responsible
forthe specific organoleptic quality of raw milk cheeses.4 pp.
English onl,vBulletin No. 3271997. 20 pp., 1000 BEF
BOOKMonograph on Residues and Contaminants in Milk and
MilkProductsby IDF Group of Experts A4-- Residues and Contuminunts
inMilk und Milk ProductsThe current monograph is the 4th issue of a
series of IDFpublications on chemical residues in milk and milk
products,which commenced as early as 1968. The need for more
foodfor human consumption for a growing population, and
higherstandards for both quantity and quality of the
commoditiesincluding food of animal origin have led to an increased
butprincipally safe ~~ use of chemicals in agriculture.
An influence of such production aids on milk and milkproducts
cannot be denied, but must, under all circumstances,be kept within
the frame of unaffected food safety. Theconsumers increased
awareness of a growing chemicaliza-tion of his/her daily food from
media information presents achallenge to the dairy industry to
ensure the unimpairedconfidence of the consumer regarding the
unconditionalwholesomeness and safety of milk and milk
products.
The recent implementaion of both the World Trade Orga-nization
and the incorporated Agreement of Sanitary andPhytosanitary
Measures which came into force on 1 January1995 concerns the
application of food safety and animal andplant health regulations.
The new scientific approaches toalmost unnegotiable food safety
contain the Hazard Analysisand Critical Point (HACCP) system, which
is expected torelieve, or at least complete, the end-product
testing executedso far but with only a few redundancies to the
food-producingecosystem.
These and some other related criteria form the backgroundfor
this 1997 update. This publication is not a scientific paper.Its
scientifically-based content is addressed to the dairy indus-try
and the interested public and all those who take part in
theproduction and preservation of safe milk and milk products.Food
additives and feed additives are not covered in thismonograph.132
pp. i A5,formut (March 1997) English on !XI. No. 9701, 2100 BEF.
1997, ISBN 92 9098 02.5 8
INTERNATIONAL DAIRY FEDERATIONINTERNET CONNECTIONVisit IDF at
http://www.fil-idf.orgIf you have no Web browser contact IDF via
e-mail at [email protected] IDF Home Page now has in
place its promised section on Codex Alimentarius. The new text
deals withIDFs input into Codex, principally to the Codex Committee
on Milk and Milk Products. The text takes intoaccount the decision
of the June 1997 Session of the Codex Alimentarius Commission.The
IDF Home Page deals with
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