Renewable Energy from Water and Subsurface Hans Gehrels

Renewable Energy from Water and Subsurface

Hans Gehrels

26 maart 2009Nationale Bodemconferentie, Rotterdam 2

Broad picture …

“We will restore science to its rightful place, and wield technology's wonders .......

We will harness the sun and the winds and the soil to fuel our cars and run our factories.”

Barack Obama in his

inaugural speech on

Jan. 20, 2009


Transition to renewable energy

• The combination of energy consumption and climate change requires a transition to renewable energy

• Goals of the Dutch Government: triple 20

• Reduce dependance on fossile fuels by • reducing energy use by 20%• Use 20% renewable energy, and • Decrease CO2-production with 20%

in 2020 (against 1990)

• At unaltered policy: half way


Research agenda REWS – three main themes

Trias energeticaBron: website ECN, maart 2009

2. Development of techniques for REWS

3. Combining water, subsurface and energy in spatial planning

1. Energy saving


1. Energy saving

• Energy neutral surface water management

• Optimization of hydraulics (waste water transport)


2. Development of techniques for REWS

• ATES • Effects on subsurface, new applications, monitoring, efficiency

• Energy from surface water• Design and effects, ecological impact on lakes and urban water

• Water movement (a.o. testing rotors, waves, tide)• Using facilities for testing of installations

• Energy from fresh-salt gradients: Blue energy • Labtesting of osmotic membrane modules

• Biomass• Effects of algae on surface waters


3. Combining water, subsurface and energy in spatial planning

• Local area approach to energie demand, -transport en –availability • ATES, surface water, geothermal, waste water, process

water, cooling water, remediation, …

• Heat management in the large rivers • Nation wide, cooling of electricity plants, …

• Combine techniques • A.o. ATES and bioremediation, ground water and surface

water

• Development of knowledge and information system for ATES and Geothermal• Web based application ThermoGIS-WKO

Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage


Geothermal systemClosed system Open system

Pipes and hoses

Up to 150 m bgs

No regulation

From 1 house

Saved back in 10 – 20 years

25.000 systems

temp.11 ºC

Wells

Up to300 m bgs

Licensing by law

From 50 houses


1000 systems

Wells

Up to 5000 m bgs

Licensing by law

From 1500 houses


1 system

Soil energy – different types


Open systems

Ca. 30% of NL energy is used for heating and cooling of buildings, i.e.: • IF ATES saves 50-70% fossil energy, • THEN - with only 1 renewable energy technique • 15-20% reduction of total energy use is feasable


Growth of open systems


Growth of open systems

2000 20081990

10 systems 1000 systems200 systems


Simulation of piezometric head and temperature contour lines – May


Simulation of piezometric head and temperature contour lines – Oct


Simulation of piezometric head and temperature contour lines – Apr


Temperature time series at 3 cells


Upconing of fresh-salt boundary

X (m)

die

pte

(m)

500 1000 1500 2000 2500

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

CONC

75007000650060005500500045004000350030002500200015001000500


Spatial planning

Increasing use of the subsurface – for:

• energy, but also • groundwater abstraction • infrastructure • In situ remediation• …

- requires 3D spatial planning


More with ATES

Research programme on application of ATES

Advies/ontwerp WKO (thermisch)

Nieuwe concepten WKO

Onderzoek WKO (therm/bio/geochem)

WKO en saneren

monitoringstools

Fundamenteel onderzoek (WKO)

WKO, saneren (mn biologie), ecologie

Praktisch onderzoek WKO

(bio/geochem), ecologie, biodiversiteit

WKO en saneren


Main themes and Research questions

Long term effects of ATES• What are the effects of ATES on

groundwater quantity and quality?

Protect and develop

New possibilities with ATES• Can we combine ATES with in-situ

remediation?• How can we integrate ATES in the

urban water cycle?• How do we arrive at a spatial planning

approach?


WP2: effects of (large scale) ATES

• Piezometric head: influence on aquifer; interaction shallow-deep; seepage

• Heterogeneity: understanding transport patterns; efficiency of heat storage

• Temperature: influence on aquifer in large scale application

• Natural chemistry: influence on natural composition

• Salinization: effect on fresh-salt patterns of large installations

• Pathogene bacteria: downward transport

• Natural deep bacteria: effect

• Geomechanics: effect on ground surface, settlement

• Effects after closing down: delay time

• High temperature storage: effects and possibilities

• Multiple systems: efficiency of storage


Interference


Risks of interference

Legenda

Kans op interferentie

redelijk (< 25 % kans op interferentie)

groot (25-50 % kans op interferentie)

zeer groot (> 50 % kans op interferentie)

Bodemgeschiktheid (cumulatieve dikte watervoerende lagen)

informatie ontbreekt

redelijk geschikt (0 - 100 m)

geschikt (100 - 200 m)

zeer geschikt (> 200 m)

Interferentiekaart energieopslag 2030

Legenda

Kans op interferentie

redelijk (< 25 % kans op interferentie)

groot (25-50 % kans op interferentie)

zeer groot (>50 % kans op interferentie)

Bodemgeschiktheid (cumulatieve dikte watervoerende lagen)

informatie ontbreekt

redelijk geschikt (0 - 100 m)

geschikt (100 - 200 m)

zeer geschikt (> 200 m)

Interferentiekaart energieopslag 2005

Estiation of the risk of interference in 2005 and in 2030 (IF Technology)


WP3: combining ATES with in situ remediation

• Remediative effect of continuous circulation

• Effect of pollution on ATES

• Effect of ATES on degradation

• Corrosion and clogging: design of ATES installation

• New concepts for the combination


WP4: ATES in water and energy cycle

• Analysis of opportunities and new posibilities

• Integrating spatial planning issues, water management objectives and energy goals

• Combine groundwater, surface water, process water, etc.


ATES …

Cooling

Heating

18 ◦C7 ◦C HE

ATES

Summer Summer


Cooling

Heating

18 ◦C7 ◦C

HE

ATES

Summer Summer

ATES combined with surface water

Questions?

Documents

Renewable Energy from Water and Subsurface Hans Gehrels