•

Renewable Energy (RE) / Biomass in Germany

Tokyo 5 November; Morioka 7 November 2013

Content

1) German-Japanese RE-Cooperation

2) Climate RE Targets

3) Role of Biomass within RE Expension Strategy

4) Co-Benefits

Harald Neitzel

Federal Ministry for the Environment,

Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU)

Tel. +49 30 18 305 4265; e-mail: harald.neitzel@bmu.bund.de

1

The Climate Challenge:

the emissions gap

気候変動：排出量ギャップ

2

3

Current German-Japanese

Cooperation (1)

現行の日独連携 (1)

Commitments of Chancellor Merkel to support

Japanese Energy transition

Joint Conferences and Workshops on

Electro Mobility (Tokyo, 18 November 2011)

„Feed-In-Tariffs“ (Tokyo, 6 March 2012, in cooperation with

JREF)

Solar Thermal Energy (Tokyo, 22 June 2012)

2nd German-Japanese PV-Day (Tokyo, 13 November 2012)

Electro Mobility and Smart Grids (Berlin, 15-16 January

2013) Berlin),

Wind Energy Symposium (Tokyo, 26 February 2013)

3

4

Current German-Japanese

Cooperation (2)

現行の日独連携 (2)

German-Japanese Climate Change and Energy Event in

Nagoya, 24 October 2013 (Mr. Brenn)

Technology Solutions for Accelerated Renewable Energy

Deployment, 6th German-Japanese Environment

Dialogue Forum:

Tokyo, February 24/25th 2014

Grid integration of RE, in particular PV: t.b.c.

Biogas from organic waste (2014) (to be specified)

• Expert-Exchange on Nuclear Energy Standards and

administrative structures and procedures

• Numerous delegations from Japan on Renewable

Energy, Climate Change and Nuclear Energy issues

4

•

RE / Biomass

Tokyo 5 November; Morioka 7 November 2013

Content

2) Climate RE Targets

5

Introducing Remarks

イントロダクション

• Germany`s Energy Transition, in particular expansion of RE, under strong considerations (EU, OECD, IEA and other);

• Transition is running

• however: usually only bad news are communicated such as „costs out of control“, „grid expansion fails“, „RE cannot guarantee energy security“ etc.

• electricity flows with neighbouring countries: surplus abroad increases: 17 TWh (2012), 6 TWh (2011) ;

• at present: several controversial discussions in Germany on how to design next steps, even within Ministries, Parliament, Political Parties, business sector, researchers or NGO;

• however: strong consensus to proceed on „Energy Transition“ and outstanding role of RE in principle due to several rationales

Climate and

Energy Transition Targets

気候・エネルギー 移行目標

Climate Renewables Efficiency

Green

house

gases

(vs. 1990)

power Primary

energy

Primary

energy

power Energy

productivity

transport buildings

2020

- 40 % 35% 18% - 20% -10%

increase

to

2,1%/a

-10 %

- 40 %

Double

1 ---2 %

Refurbis-

ment p.a. 2030

- 55 % 50% 30%

2040 - 70 % 65% 45%

2050 - 80-95% 80% 60% - 50% -25%

7

Nuclear Energy: Phase-Out

Data and Remaining

Nuclear Capacities

原子力：フェーズアウト

データと残存容量

8

Renewable Energy: most important

pillar to reduce GHG emissions

再エネ：GHG削減の柱

•Germany: RE share of reduced 27 % GHG emissions 2011

(since 1990): appr. 39 %

9

German GHG Emission Trend

ドイツGHG排出トレンド1990 – 2011

on track to meet Kyoto target (21%):

京都議定書目標(21%)達成の見込み

2011: - 27%

-24.8%

580

475 479 458 452 440 449 459 460 473 468 462 464 470 445 416 432

94

82 83 81 81 82 81 81 78 76 77 76 75 73

77 75

74

156

156 150 152 141

131 134 124 122 124 130 128 132 141 136

117 124

72

55 65 56

54 50 46 53 50 42 41 41 41 35

42

38 37

169

179 178 179

182 187 183 179 176 170 169 161 157 154

154

153 154

131

130 144 139

133 121 119 132

122 123 114 112 114 89 108

99 103

1.232

974

748

43

40 38

35 32

29 27 26

1.246

1.118 1.137

1.101 1.075

1.040 1.039 1.054

1.033 1.031 1.020 998 999

977 976

912 937

© UBA 08.12.2011

0

200

400

600

800

1.000

1.200

Angaben

in Mio. t CO2

Äquivalente

2 -

remaining emissions

-40%-target

Kyoto-target -

Basic year

Households

Transport

Commerce,

Industry

Agriculture

Energy sector

GHG-emissions total

- 40% compared to

1990

10

Primary renewable energy provision has

increased from under 2% in 1990 to 11% with

biomass being the main driver

一次エネルギーに占める再エネ割合は増加、バイオマスは主要ドライバー

Source: AGEB 2013

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

Sh

are

of

RE

S

in t

ota

l P

EC

in

%

Pri

ma

ry E

nerg

y C

on

su

mp

tio

n (

PE

C)

in P

J

Renewables' contribution to primary energy consumption

Other Renewables

Biogas

Waste Biomass

Biofuels and liquid Biomass

Solid Biomass

Photovoltaik

Wind

Hydropower

Percentage Share in PrimaryEnergy Consumption

11

Renewable electricity generation has grown

steadily over the past decade reaching

almost 140.000 GWh in 2012

再エネからの発電は10年で順調に増加、

2012年に140,000 GWh

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

GW

h

Development of renewable electricity generation in Germany since 1990

Geothermal Energy

Photovoltaics

Biomass

Offshore Wind

Onshore Wind

Hydropower

Source: BMU 2012

30 %

35 %

15 %

20 %

12

Recent Development:

How much RE are in place?

再エネはどれくらい普及しているか？

13

Source: Energieszenarien 2011 (Prognos, EWI, GWS)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

2008 2015 2020 2025 2030

PJ

Importbalance RenewableElectricityImportbalance NonrenewableElectricityOthers

Renewable Energy

Gas

Oil

Lignite

Hard Coal

Nuclear

Coal will decrease while

renewables ramp up and overall

consumption declines

石炭使用量は減少、再エネは増加、

消費総量は減少

Primary Energy Consumption by Energy Carrier in PJ/year

according to the National Energy Scenarios

14

Electricity generation: RES-E share will

increase while total generation will

decline

発電：総発電量は減少、再エネ由来の割合は増加

Structure of gross electricity generation in the Energy scenario of the

Federal Government

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2008 2015 2020 2025 2030

TW

h

Other Renewables

Geothermal Energy

Photovoltaics

Biomass

Wind offshore

Wind onshore

Hydropower

Others

Pumped Storage

Oil

Gas

CCS (Lignite)

Lignite

CCS (Hard Coal)

Hard Coal

Nuclear

Source: Energieszenarien 2011 (Prognos, EWI, GWS)

15

Cross-Linking of Energy Sources

エネルギー資源のリンク

•

RE / Biomass

Tokyo 5 November; Morioka 7 November 2013

Content

3) Role of Biomass within RE Expension Strategy

Harald Neitzel

Federal Ministry for the Environment,

Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU)

Tel. +49 30 18 305 4265; e-mail: harald.neitzel@bmu.bund.de

17

18

Bioenergy: Controllable renewable energy technology バイオエネルギー：制御可能な再エネ技術

Applications for bioenergy: Electricity, heat & fuels

• Biogas (energy crops, also

fermentation of biological waste

materials)

• Sewage gas

• Landfill gas

• Solid biomass (including

biogenic share of waste)

• Liquid biomass (vegetable oil)

• Gaseous fuels (from

thermochemical gasification)

• Biodiesel

• Vegetable oil (niche

application)

• Bioethanol

• Biomethane

Biofuels Biomass (electricity & heat) Biogas (electricity & heat)

Photo: MT-Energie

18

Already over 20% of Germany’s

electricity production comes from

renewable sources

ドイツの発電量の20％以上は再エネ由来

Gas, 11.4%

Lignite, 25.6%

Nuclear Energy, 16.0%

Hard Coal, 19.2%

Oil, Pumped Storage Hydro

and Others, 6.0%

Wind, 7.3%

Biomass, 5.8%

Hydro, 3.3%

Solar, 4.6%

Waste, 0.8%

Renewables, 21.8%

Gross Electricity Production in 2012

Total RES 2012: 136.1 TWh

Source: AGEB und AGEE-Stat 2012 19

06.11.2013

ドイツにおける再エネ由来の発電の内訳（2012年）

20

Biomass use for electricity generation

increased rapidly in the past decade from 4.7

GWh in 2000 to 40.8 GWh in 2012

発電のバイオマス利用は10年間で急増

Source: AG EE-Stat 2012

Development of biomass* use for electricity supply in Germany

21

Over 90% of Germany‘s renewable heat

comes from biomass

ドイツにおける再エネ由来の熱の9割以上が

バイオマスから

Source: AG EE-Stat 2012 – method of data collection changed in 1997

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

Fin

al E

nerg

y (

he

at)

- G

Wh

Renewable heat supply in GER since 1990

Geothermalenergy

Solar thermalenergy

Biomass fromwaste

Biogas

Biofuels (liquid)

Biomass (solid)

4.9 %

4.19 %

5.82 %

8.76 %

1.87 %

74.46 %

22

06.11.2013

ドイツにおける再エネ由来の熱供給の内訳（2012年）

23

24

•

RE / Biomass

Tokyo 5 November; Morioka 7 November 2013

Content

4) Co-Benefits

25

Regional utilities

2%

Small local utilities

3%

International utilities

3% "Big 4" utilities

7%

Industrial companies and other

companies 7%

Farmers [biogas, PV]

9%

Funds / banks

[bioenergy, wind onshore]

11%

Project developers

[wind] 15%

Private owners

[PV, wind onshore]

42%

Source: trend:research, 2010: "Anteile einzelner Marktakteure an Erneuerbaren Energien Anlagen in Deutschland"

the unknown

economic

benefit:

2011 50% of

investments

by small

investors

Which benefits do arise from RE?

- ownership structure

再エネによってもたらされる利益とは？

- オーナーシップの内訳

26

Benefits of RE deployment:

再エネ普及による利益：

380.000 jobs from RES in 2011

Employment in Germany's renewable energy sources

sector

3,400

9,500

56,800

63,900

4,500

8,100

119,500

85,700

6,500

14,500

7,800

102,100

7,500

13,300

7,600

120,900

122,000

96,100

9,600

14,200

7,300

125,000

124,400

101,100

1,800

25,100

10,300

49,20080,600

128,000

0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000

Publicly assisted

research and

administration

Geothermal

energy,

ambient heat

Hydropower

Solar energy

Biomass

Wind energy

Increase: approx. 138 %

Figures for 2010 and 2011 are provisional estimate; deviations in totals are due to rounding;

Source: O’Sullivan (DLR), Edler (DIW), Nieder (ZSW), Rüther (ZSW), Lehr (GWS), Peter (Prognos): "Bruttobeschäftigung durch erneuerbare Energien im Jahr 2011 – eine erste Abschätzung", as at:

March 2012; interim report of research project „Kurz- und langfristige Auswirkungen des Ausbaus erneuerbarer Energien auf den deutschen Arbeitsmarkt“; image: BMU / Christoph Busse / transit

2004 2007 2009 2010 2011

160,500

jobs

277,300

jobs

339,500

jobs

367,400

jobs

381,600

jobs

28

Photovoltaics:€ 11.2 billion

Wind power: € 3.75 billion

Biomass: € 2.55 billion

Solar thermal energy: € 990 million

Geothermal energy: € 930 million

Hydropower: € 70 million

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Inve

stm

ent

in €

bill

ion

Investment in renewable energy systems in Germany (2012)

29

Investment in renewable energies in Germany

ドイツにおける再エネへの投資額

Source: BMU (2013)

Tens of billions of euros have been invested in renewable energy systems for years

29

Annual Volume of Investment for

electricity and heat-generating renewable

technologies Scenario 2011 A

再エネ技術による発電と熱供給への年間投資額

（2011年シナリオ）

- Scenario 2011 A -

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2030

2040

2050

2060

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

An

nu

al in

vestm

en

ts,

mill. o

f E

UR

2009/y

r

Hydropower Wind Photovoltaic Biomasselectricity

Geothermalelectricity

Importrenewables

Biomassheat

Solarheating

Geothermal &heat pumps

Hydrogenelectrolysis

30

Findings of RE Economic Value Chain

再エネ経済価値

• economic value added:

17 Bio. € (2012)

• Plus indirect effects by

suppliers, services and

taxes: 8.5 Bio €

• 66% benefit for

local communities

• further savings by

substituted oil, gas and coal:

6 Bio. €

33

34

35

Average price for electricity 電力の平均価格 (3 persons household in ct/kWh)

Future estimated cost development

of RE

再エネのコスト予測

Conclusions (1)

1. continuation of RE development will be the major pillar of German Energy Transition, in particular wind and PV;

2. future role of RE requires a wide variety of economic and technical requirements, in particular capacity markets, grid expansion, storage technologies, new applications;

3. (exaggerated) cost challenges are a short-term issue to be overcome;

4. challenges are well understood and in different stages of action including responsibilities for policy, business, scientific community and civil society;

5. Energy Transition is one of the most important major German post-war „Challenges“.

Conclusions (2)

(Bioenergy)

• Bioenergy will stay an important resource among other

renewables in Germany

• Bioenergy in Germany still has high potential for further

sustainable growth

• however – compared with wind and solar – potential is

limited

• Advantages of bioenergy as a continiously available

energy source has to be explored within an expanded

grid integration strategy of RE

Thank you for your attention!

More Information:

www.bmu.de/english

www.erneuerbare-energien.de/english