Renewable Energy Sources for the Development of Local Energy

Development of local energy supply with use of

renewable energy sources

Vladivostok, 2012

Delivered by:Engineer of Department of Alternative

Energy Sources and New TechnologiesJSC Sakha Energo

Dariya Eremeeva

Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is the largest region of the Russian Federation.The Republic includes 34 regions.Area of Yakutia is 3,1 million square km.

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Aldansky region

Electricity production 2,238

Population 3 700

Number of diesel PS 6

Oimyakonsky region


Population 2 675


Anabarsky region


Population 3 000


Abyisky region


Population 3 700


Bulunsky region


Population 4 900


Verhoyansky region


Population 7 800


Zhigansky region


Population 3 300


Verhnekolymsky region


Population 4 700


Kobyaisky region


Population 12 200


Momsky region


Population 3 700


Nizhnekolymsky region


Population 3 900


Olekminsky region


Population 21 600


Oleneksky region


Population 3 200


Srednekolymsky region


Population 5 300


Allaihovsky region


Population 3 400


Eveno-Bytantaisky region


Population 1 800


Ust’-Yansky region


Population 9 000


Arrangement of local systems of power supply of Sak ha EnergyTotal area – 2,2 million square km.Population – 97,8 thousandDiesel power stations – 125 pcs. (576 generators)Total power – 186,579 МWTEP – 1 pc. (7,5 МW; 76,4 Gcal/h)Wind turbine – 1 pc. (250 kW)PV plant – 2 pcs. (50 kW)Aerial lines – 1929 kmTransformer substations – 777 pcs.Electricity production – 266 million kWhHeat production – 125 000 Gcal.Fuel consumption:Diesel oil – 65 272 tonsCrude oil - 2 853 tonsCoal – 33 543 tonsGas – 2 495 thousand m3Employees on diesel stations – 1816 Cost of 1 kWh – 20,72 RUR (~ 0,67 USD).

Problems of local energy of Republic

Non-optimal structure of fuel balance, leading to s ignificant costs for diesel fuel – 47%

Seasonal nature of fuel delivery, short navigation terms, complex transport scheme with transfer from one kin d of

transport to another

The annual amount of credit (more than 2 billion ru bles) engaged for delivery of diesel fuel threatens the f inancial

stability of the company

High specific fuel consumption, unloads of equipmen t, wear of power transmission lines

The high level of losses in the distribution networ ks of low voltage (up to 25%), that combined with the high co st of

electricity resulting in significant financial loss es

Impossibility of technical modernization from the so urces formed from the local energy.

24,46 RUR/kWh

2012

(~ 0,79 USD)

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Diesel

fuel

90%

Oil

3%

Coal

4%

Gas

3%

Structure of fuel consumed by

JSC Sakha Energo for electricity

production

Fuel total

47%

Production

services

2%

Materials

6%

Wage

21%Travel

expenses

for staff on

leave

1%

Amortization

5%

Rental

1%

Other

expenses

2%

Contributions to

budget

8%

Expenses from

profit

7%

The electricity tariff structure of JSC Sakha Energo

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The dynamics of the flow rate and fuel pricefor electricity production in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

2001-2016 years

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Wind energySolar energy

Solutions

Alternative energy

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Wind energy resources in Russia at the height of 10 meters

The total solar radiation on a horizontal surface (per year)

Northern coastal zone of Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) has significant wind potential.

According to the researches potential of solar radiation of Yakutia is estimated more than in the Crimea and Krasnodar, and is more than 2000 hours of sunshine a year.

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Wind turbine Tacke TW 250 in Tiksi

Economic efficiencyElectricity outcome for 2007-2012 – 328 044 kWhDiesel fuel economy for 2007-2012 – 83,64 tons

The operating costs for wind turbine (spare parts, travel expenses)

2008 – 130 432,21 rubles (4 245,98 USD)2009 – 263 691,16 rubles (8 583,98 USD)2010 – 594 352,88 rubles (19 348,05 USD)2011 – 350 362,43 rubles (11 405,40 USD)Total: 1 338,839 thousand rubles (43 583,41 USD)

1. Rated power – 250 kW2. Rated output voltage – 400 В3. Wind turbine RPM – 424. Degree of automation – 35. Wind turbine diameter – 26 m6. Tower height – 30 m7. Operating range of the wind speed – 3-25 m/s8. Date of commissioning – 25.09.2007 9. Project cost - 20,681 million rubles (673 230 USD), including 9,749 million rubles (317 360 USD) – share of Government of Republic of Sakha(Yakutia) (equipment)

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47,556

60,018

120,228

24,840

59,868

43,782

0,000

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Выработка электроэнергии ВЭУ-

250 кВт п. Тикси с 2007 г., кВт*ч

12,018

14,551

27,276

3,060

13,087

9,837

0,000

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Экономия дизельного топлива

ВЭУ-250 кВт с 2007 г.,

Electricity production and diesel fuel economy of T acke TW250for the period 2007 – 2012

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Advantages and disadvantages of wind turbine Tacke T W250

Advantages:1. Diesel fuel economy;2. No emissions of harmful substances into the

atmosphere;3. Automated, no need in staff on duty.

Disadvantages:1. Often fail due to wear and tear;2. The lack of remote control and monitoring;2.1 No data on the power output to the network, the wind

speed, the technical condition of the equipment at the diesel power plant;

2.2 Permanent need of inspection of wind turbines by car, as result - a waste of fuel and time;

3. Non-arctic version of the equipment.

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Conclusions, recommendations, requirements

1. The equipment must be new, arctic version;2. Without hydraulic braking system;3. Direct-drive model;4. With pitch control;5. Ability to work offgrid;6. Installation without the use of a crane (Method of downward arrow);7. Maximum unit power - 100kW-150kW;8. Remote management and monitoring of wind farm by operations staff of diesel power

station; 9. Choosing a place with regard to the nature of wind speed and direction;10. Training for the staff for the repair and maintenance of wind turbines.

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Solar power plant of 10kWin Batamai, Kobyaisky region

Main characteristics of solar module:The open circuit voltage_______________44,2VShort-circuit current___________________5,79АRated voltage_______________________36.1VRated current________________________5,4АPeak power 195WMaximum system voltage 1000WEfficiency 14,7%Climatic performance -60 to +60СDimensions 1580х808х35Weight 15,1kgType of solar panels–monocrystalline, one-sidedWarranty 3 yearsLifetime 25 years

Composition of the solar power plant:• Solar modules JRM-195 (China) 52 pcs. – 10 140 W• 3-phase on-grid power inverter 1 pc. of 10 kW• Auxiliary equipment and materials

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14

1233

1022

307141 23 82

550

1217

1409 1439 1414

891

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

August September October November December January February March April May June July

Electricity output of Batamai solar power plant for period of

01.08.2011-31.07.2012, kWh

Solar power plant 30kWin Batamai, Kobyaisky region

Purpose: Solar power plant is designed to produce environmental-friendly electricity and for economy of diesel fuel

Lifetime: Solar modules – 25 years

Cost: 3 066 802,05 RUB (99 834 USD)• Solar modules – 1 688 726,58 RUB (54 973

USD)• Invertors – 508 319,60 RUB (16 547 USD)• Other equipment – 529 464,38 RUB

(17 236 USD)• Other expenses – 340 291,49 (11 078 USD)

Population of Batamai – 233

Type of loads: winter – 65/15 kW;summer – 38/3 kW.

Date of commissioning: 01.08.2012Composition of the solar power plant:• Solar modules JRM-195 (China) 52 pcs. - 10140 W• Solar modules FSM-230 (Russia) 73 pcs. – 16790 W• Solar modules FSM-250 (Russia) 13 pcs. – 3250 W• 3-phase on-grid power inverter 3 pcs. 10 kW each• Auxiliary equipment and materials

Economical effect from solar power plant of 30kW

Calculation of a payback period

Expected annual electricity production 30 000 kWhDiesel fuel economy 10,344 tone s

Calculations

Diesel fuel economy: 10,344 tones х 34,44 thous.rubles/ton (1 121 USD/ton) = 356,247 thous.rubles (11 597 USD)

Capital investments: 3 066,802 thous.rubles (99 834 USD)

Calculation of a payback period: 3 066,802 thous.ru bles (99 834 USD)/356,247 thous.rubles (11 597 USD) = 8,6 years

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Purpose: Solar power plant is designed to produce environmental-friendly electricity and for economy of diesel fuel

Lifetime: Solar modules – 25 years

Cost: 1 718 375,02 RUB ( USD)• Solar modules – 944 957,87 RUB ( USD)• Invertors – 322 000,00 RUB ( USD)• Other equipment – 379 417,15 RUB

( USD)• Other expenses – 72 000,00 ( USD)

Geographic coordinates of Yuchugei:Latitude 63°17'60'' Longitude 142°10'00''

Population – 317

Loads max and min: 120 kW / 10 kW

Date of commissioning: 07.06.2012

Composition of the solar power plant:• Solar panels FSM-230 (Russia) 87 pcs. – 20 010 W• 3-phase on-grid power inverter SMA (Germany) 1 pc. 10 kW • Auxiliary equipment and materials

Solar power plant of 20 kWin Yuchugei, Oimyakonsky region

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Advantages and disadvantages of solar power plantAdvantages:

• compactness of the equipment; • simplicity and ease of installation and use; • lifetime of up to 25 years; • absence of rotating and moving parts, which eliminates wear; • minimum cost of operation and low cost, i.e. lack of fuel consumption, continuous maintenance,

low depreciation, etc. • modularity, i.e. it is possible to increase or decrease the power of PV plant by changing the

number of panels and inverters; • adaptability, autonomy and the ability to be connected to the network; • wide operating temperature range: for power electronics from -20 ˚ C to +50 ˚ C, for panels from -

40 ˚ C to +50 ˚ C; • remote monitoring and control; • no harmful emissions.

Disadvantages:

• high cost of equipment; • relatively low efficiency (12-18% for solar cells based on monocrystalline silicon); • unstable existence of the solar radiation (night, clouds, smoke, fog, etc.); • seasonality of PV plant: from early November to mid-January sun exposure is greatly reduced; • need for tracking the sun.

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Sakhaenergo developed subprogram "Development of renewable energy sources and alternative fuels, energy efficiency and innovation projects" included in the state program of Sakha (Yakutia) "Energy conservation and energy efficiency in the years 2012-2016 and for the period up to 2020" by the decree of the President of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) № 1464 of 8 June 2012. Sub-program includes plans to build 5 wind farms, 51 solar power plants and 3 small hydropower plants of seasonal type.

Program for alternative renewable energy sources in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

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Thank you for attention !

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Documents

Renewable Energy Sources for the Development of Local Energy