Repair procedures Norland Densitometer

REPAIR PROCEDURE 388S631 REV Q

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REPAIR PROCEDURE FORCENTRAL BONE DENSITOMETERS

388S631

Norland Medical SystemsW6340 Hackbarth RoadFort Atkinson, WI USA

53538-8999

Main Phone Line:1-800-333-84561-920-563-8456

FAX 1-920-563-8626

Customer Service:1-800-444-84561-920-568-4206

FAX 1-920-568-4216

E-Mail: [email protected]


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1 SCOPE........................................................................................................................................................................3

2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS ..................................................................................................................................3

3 DEFINITIONS ...........................................................................................................................................................3

4 RESPONSIBILITIES .................................................................................................................................................4

5 PROCEDURE.............................................................................................................................................................4

6 SERVICE SOFTWARE .............................................................................................................................................5

7 TESTING REQUIREMENTS....................................................................................................................................7

8 TEST PROCEDURE QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE .............................................................................................10

9 REPLACING THE SOURCE CONTROL BOARD................................................................................................14

10 SOURCE REPLACEMENT PROCEDURE............................................................................................................14

11 FILTER ASSEMBLY REPLACEMENT.................................................................................................................17

12 PMT TUBE IDENTIFICATION AND REPLACEMENT ...................................................................................... 17

13 LASER DIODE REPLACEMENT ..........................................................................................................................18

14 MAIN BOARD IDENTIFICATION.......................................................................................................................18

15 MOTOR DRIVER BOARD CONFIGURATION....................................................................................................19

16 LEVEL SCANNER ..................................................................................................................................................20

17 WIRING DIAGRAMS .............................................................................................................................................20

18 SOURCE/DETECTOR ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE ...........................................................................................23

19 LASER ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE ....................................................................................................................29

20 SET PMT GAINS.....................................................................................................................................................29

21 SOURCE COUNT RATE CHECK ..........................................................................................................................34

22 BEAM STABILITY TEST.......................................................................................................................................36

23 TABLE (RAIL ALIGNMENT) TEST .....................................................................................................................38

24 FUNCTION TESTS .................................................................................................................................................40

25 CURRENT LEAKAGE TEST .................................................................................................................................41

26 SKIP TEST...............................................................................................................................................................41

27 FILTER TEST ..........................................................................................................................................................42

28 DAILY CALIBRATION..........................................................................................................................................44

29 INITIAL CALIBRATION........................................................................................................................................45

30 QC SPINE PHANTOM SCANS ..............................................................................................................................47

31 FINAL FACTOR......................................................................................................................................................49

32 REGULATORY LABEL LOCATIONS..................................................................................................................50

33 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE............................................................................................................................53

34 XMAKEPRD............................................................................................................................................................54

35 FDA FORM 2579 USA ONLY .............................................................................................................................55

36 SERVICE REPORT FORM .....................................................................................................................................57


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1 SCOPE

1.1 To establish a uniform procedure for testing/repairing a X-Ray Bone Densitometer to ensure a properly operatinginstrument, a satisfied customer, and compliance with regulatory requirements.

2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

2.1 Control of Static Sensitive Material, SOP-G004

2.2 Form 2579 Procedure SOP-R009

2.3 Return Authorization (RA), SOP-N004

2.4 Return Authorization Tag Procedure 900S023

2.5 Completing the Service Report Form 900S064

2.6 Installation Procedure 433S146

2.7 On-site Assembly Procedure 432S055

2.8 Computer Replacement Procedure 398S039

3 DEFINITIONS

3.1 Service Agent: Service personnel that have completed technical training and demonstrated their ability tocomplete the requirements for installation and service support. This includes Service Center Technicians,Technical Support Engineers, and Third Party Service Engineers.

3.2 Devices: any units, assemblies, and accessories.

3.3 Complaint: Actual or potential safety hazard, death or injury above and beyond the intended use.

3.4 Problem: Software/hardware maintenance and/or repair.

3.5 Certified Component: Any component that would require the unit to have a certification label for that part, andwhen replaced, would be required to have an FDA 2579 form filled out. (i.e. HV Supply, X-Ray Source, PowerSupply Assembly, and M.I.D. Board)

3.6 HID: Hardware Identification Device.

3.7 RA: Return Authorization number.

3.8 4-Channel or QS: Any system using 3.X.X host software, QuikScan device, any scanner equipped with QShardware.

3.9 2-Channel: Any scanner using 2.5.X or lower revision host software.

3.10 Autoset: Scanners with autoset hardware can be identified by selecting SCOM from the XSST menu and enteringAD. If the response is My then autoset hardware is installed.

3.11 PMT: Photo Multiplier Tube

3.12 Indicates general caution, safety hazard, or information.

3.13 Indicates radiation from laser apparatus.

3.14 The READY light on the scanner front panel indicates the power is applied to the x-ray source.

3.15 The X-RAY light on the scanner front panel indicates the shutter is open and x-rays are being emitted.

3.16 The Laser light on the scanner front panel indicates the laser is turned on.


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4 RESPONSIBILITIES

4.1 The Service Agent is responsible for :

4.1.1 Repairing devices in accordance with this document.

4.1.2 Verifying all tests meet the specifications that are listed.

4.1.3 Completing the paperwork.

4.1.4 (USA only) Delivering the completed Form 2579 to Norland within one week of the activity if a certifiedcomponent has been replaced or a stationary scanner is moved to a different location. A replica of this formis included in this document.

4.1.5 Reporting to Product Support if these assembly instructions do not permit proper support for any deviceand/or its certifiable components for any reason.

4.1.6 Handling static sensitive devices with proper precautions.

4.1.7 Exercising electrical, x-ray and mechanical safety precautions when operating or repairing the device.

4.1.8 Returning all defective devices to Norland with a Return Authorization number.

4.2 The Service Agent is not permitted to make any modifications to certified components that could adversely affecttheir performance.

5 PROCEDURE

5.1 After a problem is reported and it is determined that on-site support is required a Service Agent is dispatched.

5.2 Customer Service Dispatch will give the Service Agent all necessary repair information.

5.3 All repairs must be authorized by Norland Customer Service

5.4 To obtain the authorization the customer must talk to Norland technical support, to determine that on-site supportis necessary.

5.5 An authorization number is given to the Service Agent.

5.6 Once on site, the Service Agent notifies Norland dispatch that they have arrived.

5.7 Service Agent allows the customer to communicate his/her concerns with the equipment.

5.8 The problem is recorded on the Service Report.

5.9 Service Agent begins his/her investigation of the customers reported problem, after which the Service Agentdetermines the failure/malfunction and records the diagnosis on the Service Report.

CAUTION: Exercise care whenever working around x-ray sources. Avoid unnecessary x-ray exposure. Do notpermit the beam to impinge on any part of your body at any time, especially your hands, arms and head. It isrecommended that you wear a radiation dose badge to monitor any radiation exposure.

CAUTION: Exercise caution while testing the mechanical movement. Keep hands and all objects clear of thearm assembly while in motion to avoid pinch points.

CAUTION: Exercise caution when working with the covers removed. To prevent electrical shock use cautionto avoid contact with exposed components.

5.10 Service Agent proceeds to correct the malfunction. The Service Agent will describe the corrective action taken toresolve the problem on the Service Report. Including all parts replaced.

5.11 If applicable, when a filter assembly or a source is replaced, the existing certification label for that component isremoved from the scanner. The new label is applied.

5.12 The Service Agent signs the Service Report indicating the scanner is working as intended and the test resultsmeet the listed specifications. Complete the service report using the Service Report Form Procedure, 900S064.


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5.13 Identify all unused or defective devices returning to Norland with a Return Authorization tag. Refer to the RATag Procedure, 900S023 to complete the RA tag information.

5.14 The Service Agent notifies Norland customer service that the repair is complete before leaving the customer site.

5.15 The authorization number is referenced on the Service Report and invoice.

5.16 The Service Agent sends Norland the appropriate documentation. For USA, send a completed FDA Form 2579to Norland within seven working days when a stationary scanner is moved or if a source, computer, or beamlimiter is replaced.

6 SERVICE SOFTWARE

SUPPLIES NEEDED:388A334 XR-Series Service Disk (for 2-channel scanners)398A020 Generic Tools Disk (for 4-channel scanners)433A165 Service Scanner Tools Disk (for 4-channel scanners)394A067 Service File Tools Disk (all scanners)

! 2-Channel:

Testing for 2-channel scanners will be performed from C:\BD\XRAY directory, using 388A334 XR-Series ServiceDisk revision 1.7.0. Type SERVICE to obtain the service tools in the BD\XRAY directory, or change to thatdirectory (cd\bd\xray) and then type SERVICE. To select a command, type the corresponding number and pressENTER. The computers communication cable must be on COMM 1 for the 1.7.0 Service tools. If the 1.7.0 ServiceDisk is re-installed it is also necessary to reinstall the latest revision of the Service File Tools AFTER the 1.7.0Service Disk.

388A334 XR-Series Service Disk, revision 1.7.0 installation instructions:

1. Place the disk in the 'A' drive.

2. At the DOS prompt type A:INSTALL, then press the enter key. When the XR Series Service SoftwareInstallation screen appears, press any key to continue. Using the up and down arrow keys select appropriateprinter, then press ENTER to continue. When the Installation Complete screen appears press any key toreturn to the DOS prompt.

3. Install the latest revision of the Service File Tools. See instructions below, under All Scanners.

! 4-Channel:

For 4-channel scanners the testing is performed from the Service Scanner Tools menu. Type XSST to access themenu. To select a command, press the corresponding letter. Update all 4-channel scanners to the latest revision ofthe 433A165 Service Scanner Tools. The latest revision of Generic Tools must be loaded BEFORE the ServiceScanner Tools.

398A020 Generic Tools installation instructions:

1. Insert the 398A020 GT disk into drive 'A'. Type A:INSTALL and press ENTER to begin installation. Atthe first screen reading Norland GT Disk Installation, press any key (except ESC) to continue.

2. After the installation has finished, press any key to exit to the DOS prompt. Remove the diskette from thedrive.

433A165 Service Scanner Tools (SST) installation instructions:

1. Insert the Service Scanner Tools disk 1 of 2 into the A drive. Type A:INSTALL and press ENTER tobegin installation. At the installation screen, press any key (except ESC) to continue.

2. You will be prompted for which type of printer you have installed. Use the arrow keys to select yourprinter from the menu, and press ENTER. If you have any printer from the HP DeskJet series, select HPDeskJet 500C.

3. At the tools resolution screen select 800 X 600 and press ENTER.

4. The files will decompress to the hard drive.


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5. Insert disk 2 when prompted.

6. After the installation has finished, press any key to exit. The software will check your computerconfiguration for the proper settings. Press ENTER to confirm and ENTER to return to the DOS prompt.

After upgrading the SST software reconfigure the system:

1. If the file Service.fil does not exist in the C:\XR26\SERVICE directory then create one by selectingServfil c -s from the XSST menu. Follow the on-screen prompts. If the scanner does not have anarm serial number, press enter to leave it blank.

2. Redefine table limits by selecting TLimit from the XSST menu.

3. Perform an initial peak by selecting PeakPick from the XSST menu, then press C to selectcharacterize, and press Y to confirm. When the graph is complete press ENTER to continue. ForDOS computers perform the next step before attempting to print.

4. For computers with a DOS operating system: edit the Autoexec.bat file to place the line if existsC:\XAUTO.BAT call XAUTO to the last command.

4.1 At the C:\ prompt type CD\ and press ENTER.

4.2 Type Edit autoexec.bat and press ENTER.

4.3 Use the arrow keys to move to the beginning of the if exists C:\XAUTO.BAT call XAUTOline.

4.4 Press the Shift, Cntl, and right arrow keys to select (highlight) that line.

4.5 Press the Shift and Del keys to remove the line.

4.6 Press the Del key again to remove the empty space.

4.7 Use the arrow keys to move the cursor below the last line.

4.8 Press the Shift and Ins keys to reinsert the if exists C:\XAUTO.BAT call XAUTO line. Itshould now be the last line of text.

4.9 Press Alt to activate the menus, press F to select File, press X to exit, and press ENTER to savethe changes and exit.

4.10 Press Cntl, Alt, and Del keys to reboot the computer.

! All Scanners:

For all scanners, upgrade to the latest revision of Service File Tools software.

394A067 Service File Tools installation instructions:

1. Insert the 394A067 SFT disk into drive 'A'. Type A:INSTALL, and press ENTER. At the installationscreen press ENTER to continue.

2. When installation is complete press any key to continue, remove the disk from drive 'A', and reboot thecomputer.

Type XSFT to access the Service File Tools menu. To select a command press the corresponding letter.

! WIN98 Computers:

To obtain a DOS prompt click on the Windows desktop Tools icon.

To re-initiate the host software, enter EXIT at the DOS prompt, and click on the host software icon.

! DOS Computers:

To obtain a DOS prompt (C:\>) click on Exit in the host software.

To re-initiate the host software, type XR, and press ENTER.


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7 TESTING REQUIREMENTS

The following is a list of the recommended tests to be performed after replacing major components. Refer to theappropriate section for detail instructions on how to perform the following tests.

All test data and calibration files should be copied to a disk after each repair or scanner move. This disk should becreated after all the testing has been completed. To create this disk, at the C:\ prompt type XMAKEPRD. This diskshould then be labeled with the facility name, scanner serial number, date and reason for the repair. This disk shouldbe included with all the paperwork and sent back to Norland Customer Service.

(The test specifications are in parenthesis.)

X-ray Source Filter Assembly1. Source Replacement Procedure 1. Source/Detector Alignment Procedure2. Source/Detector Alignment Procedure3. Laser Alignment4. Set PMT Gains5. Source Count Rate Check (Low energy 550k to 750k)6. Beam Stability Test (Voltage .1, Current 1.5 for2-

channel) (V.25 and I 3.0 for4-channel)7. Table Test [differential and integral min/max (+/-) .4]8. Function Tests9. Initial Calibration10. QC Spine Phantom Scans11. Final Factor ( precision and accuracy OK)12. If applicable, remove the existing source certification

label from the outside of the scanner and apply the newone.

13. XMAKEPRD14. Service Report15. FDA Form 2579

2. Laser Alignment3. Set PMT Gains4. Source Count Rate Check (Low energy 550k to 750k)5. Table Test [differential and integral min/max (+/-) .4]6. Remove the existing Beam limiter certification label on

the outside of the scanner and apply the new one.7. Filter Test8. Initial Calibration9. QC Spine Phantom Scans10. Final Factor (precision and accuracy OK)11. XMAKEPRD12. Service Report13. FDA Form 2579

Main Board1. Function Tests2. Daily Calibration (precision and accuracy OK)3. Function Test Emergency Shutoff Test Laser and X-

ray On Tests4. Move HID device to new board5. XMAKEPRD6. Service Report

Motor Driver Board1. Motor Driver Board Configuration (RA101, RB101, RC101, RD101)2. Skip Test3. Daily Calibration (precision and accuracy OK)4. XMAKEPRD5. Service Report

Power Tray1. Function Tests2. Daily Calibration3. XMAKEPRD4. Service Report

Power Supply Board1. Function Tests2. Daily Calibration (precision and accuracy OK)3. XMAKEPRD4. Service Report

Photo Multiplier Tubes1. Source/Detector Alignment Procedure2. Set PMT Gain3. Laser Alignment4. Source Count Rate Check (Low energy 550k to 750k)5. Table Test [differential and integral min/max (+/-) .4]6. Initial Calibration7. QC Spine Phantom Scans8. Final Factor (precision and accuracy OK)9. XMAKEPRD10. Service Report

Lower Cable1. Function Tests2. Daily Calibration (precision and accuracy OK)3. XMAKEPRD4. Service Report


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Charge Amplifier Board1. Source/Detector Alignment Procedure2. Set PMT Gain3. Laser Alignment4. Source Count Rate Check (Low energy 550k to 750k)5. Initial Calibration6. QC Spine Phantom Scans7. Final Factor (precision and accuracy OK)8. XMAKEPRD9. Service Report

High Voltage Board1. Source/Detector Alignment Procedure2. Laser Alignment1. Set PMT Gain4. Source Count Rate Check (Low energy 550k to 750k)5. Initial Calibration6. QC Spine Phantom Scans7. Final Factor (precision and accuracy OK)8. XMAKEPRD9. Service Report

Upper Cable1. Function Tests2. Daily Calibration (precision and accuracy OK)3. XMAKEPRD4. Service Report

Computer ReplacementRefer to the 398S039 Computer Replacement Procedure

X-axis Motor or Belt1. Source/Detectors Alignment Procedure2. Laser Alignment3. Daily Calibration or Initial Calibration4. QC Phantom Scans5. Final Factor (precision and accuracy OK)6. Service Report

PMT Bias Board1. Source/Detector Alignment Procedure2. Laser Alignment3. Set PMT Gain4. Source Count Rate Check (Low energy 550k to 750k)5. Initial Calibration6. QC Spine Phantom Scans7. Final Factor (precision and accuracy OK)8. XMAKEPRD9. Service Report

Complete PMT Assembly1. Source/Detector Alignment Procedure2. Laser Alignment3. Set PMT Gain4. Source Count Rate Check (Low energy 550k to 750k)5. Table Test [Differential & Integral Min/Max (+/-) .4]6. Initial Calibration7. QC Spine Phantom Scans8. Final Factor (precision and accuracy OK)9. XMAKEPRD10. 10. Service Report

Scanner Move1. Level Scanner2. Source/Detector Alignment Procedure3. Laser Alignment4. Set PMT Gains5. Source Count Rate Check (Low energy 550k to 750k)6. Table Test [differential & integral min/max (+/-) .4]7. Function Tests8. Current Leakage Test9. Initial Calibration10. QC Spine Phantom Scans11. Final Factor (precision and accuracy OK)12. FDA 2579 Form13. XMAKEPRD14. Service Report

Miscellaneous Repairs1. Daily Calibration2. XMAKEPRD3. Service Report

Preventive Maintenance1. Computer:

1.1 Scandisk and Xfcheck on all storage media1.2 Optimize hard drives1.3 Update service software as required1.4 AnitVirus check if software is available

2. X-ray Source:2.1. Check desiccant material [Lorad source only]


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2.2. Verify proper oil pump operation [Lorad sourceonly]

2.3. Check fan operation.2.3. Function Test - Radiation leakage check (< 15 mR)2.4. Perform Beam Stability Test (Voltage .1,

Current 1.5 for 2-channel) (V.25 and I 3.0 for4-channel)

3. Scanner:3.1. Clean and lubricate the rails3.2. Table Test [differential & integral min/max (+/-) .4]3.3. Check Laser Alignment3.4. Current Leakage Test3.5. Check all cables for wear and proper connections3.6. Check belts for proper tension.3.7. Tighten all hardware and make sure all brackets are

installed.3.8 Check Xdrift for long term performance3.9. Set PMT Gains3.10. Source Count Rate Check.3.11. Perform a Daily Calibration (Precision and

Accuracy OK)4. XMAKEPRD5. Service Report


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8 TEST PROCEDURE QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE

This is a quick reference guide for performing the tests. Refer to the appropriate sections for specific details.

SOURCE/ DETECTOR ALIGNMENT

CAUTION: EXERCISE CARE WHENEVER WORKING AROUND X-RAY SOURCES. IT ISRECOMMENDED THAT YOU WEAR A RADIATION DOSE BADGE TO MONITOR ANY RADIATIONEXPOSURE. DO NOT PERMIT THE BEAM TO IMPINGE ON ANY PART OF YOUR BODY AT ANY TIME,ESPECIALLY YOUR HANDS, ARMS AND HEAD.

! 2-Channel Scanners:

1. Type, SERVICE, then IS to initialize scanner.2. Type IDLE to bring source to idle power (70 kV).3. Position scanner arm to middle of table.4. Type PEAK to run the peak program, press enter twice the graph is complete.

5. MAKE SURE THE SHUTTER IS CLOSED, THEN PUT THE ALIGNMENT COLLET IN.6. Type CG to run count graph. Enter min/max. 0,180000. Type Y then press enter for scanner serial number

over 600.7. Align source, detectors, and filter assembly for maximum counts (typically 90,000-180,000)

8. MAKE SURE THE SHUTTER IS CLOSED, THEN REMOVE THE COLLET.

! 4-Channel Scanners:

1. MAKE SURE THE SHUTTER IS CLOSED, THEN PUT THE ALIGNMENT COLLET IN.2. Select the ALIGN command from the XSST menu.3. Align source, detectors, and filter assembly for maximum counts (typically 90,000-180,000).

4. MAKE SURE THE SHUTTER IS CLOSED, THEN REMOVE THE COLLET.

PMT GAIN ADJUSTMENT

CAUTION: CARE MUST BE EXERCISED WHILE PERFORMING THIS PROCEDURE TO AVOIDUNNECESSARY X-RAY EXPOSURE. STAY CLEAR OF THE BEAM PATH.

! For Scanners With Autoset Hardware:1. From the XSST service menu select GainPeak. This will ramp the source to full power and move the source

to the correct peak location. Verify there is nothing in the beam path.

2. A peak graph will be drawn. The high-energy (1/FL) peak channel should be 2250 50 and the low energy(1/IL) peak channel should be 1150 50.

3. If they are correct press Q to quit. Select PeakPick from the XSST menu. Press C to characterize the system.After peak has completed then press P to print. Attach the printout to the Service Report.

4. If they are not correct, select PAutoSet -R from the XSST menu. This will automatically adjust the gains.When it is finished select PeakPick from the XSST menu. Press C to characterize the system. After peak hascompleted then press P to print. Attach the printout to the Service Report.

! 4-Channel Scanners Without Autoset Hardware:

CAUTION: EXERCISE CAUTION WHEN WORKING WITH THE COVER REMOVED. TO PREVENTELECTRICAL SHOCK USE CAUTION TO AVOID CONTACT WITH EXPOSED COMPONENTS.


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Scanners with S/N 3600-5000 and 6600-8000:1. Select GainPeak from the SST menu.2. Adjust R23 on the Bias Board until the difference between the peaks is approximately 1100.3. Adjust R1 on the High Voltage Board until 1/FH peak is 2250 50 and the 1/IH peak is 1150 50.4. Repeat the GainPeak after each adjustment of R23 or R1.5. When it is finished select PeakPick from the XSST menu. Press C to characterize the system. After peak has

completed then press P to print. Attach the printout to the Service Report.

Scanners with S/N 1000-2000:1. Select GainPeak from the XSST menu.2. Adjust R3 (right) on the PMT HV/Laser PS board until the difference between the peaks is approximately

1100.3. Adjust R1 (left) on the PMT HV/Laser PS board until 1/FH peak is 2250 50 and the 1/IH peak is 1150 50.4. Repeat the GainPeak after each adjustment of R1 or R3.5. When it is finished select PeakPick from the XSST menu. Press C to characterize the system. After peak has

completed then press P to print. Attach the printout to the Service Report.

! PMT Gain Adjustment For 2-Channel Scanners:

CAUTION: EXERCISE CAUTION WHEN WORKING WITH THE COVER REMOVED. TO PREVENTELECTRICAL SHOCK USE CAUTION TO AVOID CONTACT WITH EXPOSED COMPONENTS.

1. Enter the following commands, SERVICE, IS2. Enter 12 to select Gains from the 1.7.0 Service menu.3. Position the arm to a convenient location4. Set the oscilloscope to 1 volt/div., .2 us/div, and AC input coupling5. Measurement will be taken on the 398A001 main board at TP5 & TP6 and ground at TP1; and at R19 and

R37 on the 388A004 main board.6. Adjust R23 on the PMT Bias board to obtain equal amplitudes, and adjust R1 on the PMT HV Bd to obtain

amplitude of 2 volts for 398A001 main board; or 4 volts on the 388A004 main board.

SOURCE COUNT RATE CHECK


! 2-Channel:1. Place the tabletop on the scanner, and put the calibration standard in place.2. Position the laser over point A on the calibration standard3. At the DOS prompt enter SERVICE, then FULL to bring the source to full power, PEAK to run the peak

program, press enter twice when the graph is complete, and CR to start the count graph program.4. When prompted enter 5 for the interval and 7 for the filter number.5. Let the program run for approx. 6 lines, then press enter to stop the program and press the Print Screen key

to obtain the printout.6. The limits for low energy (second column) are 550000 750000.

! 4-Channel Scanners:1. Select CRcheck from the XSST menu.2. With the tabletop in place, position the laser over point A on the calibration standard. Press MARK.3. Verify the Init 1 is 550000 750000.


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STABILITY TEST


! 2-Channel Scanners:1. Enter SERVICE, and then FULL to bring the source to full power.2. Make sure the tabletop is on, place the QC Phantom in the middle of the table, turn the laser on and position it

through just the acrylic part of the QC phantom.

3. MAKE SURE THE SHUTTER IS CLOSED, THEN PUT THE STABILITY COLLET IN.4. Type PEAK to run the peak program, press enter twice when the graph is complete.5. Type PA to set the DACs6. Type MON to start the program, follow the prompts to press ENTER to continue. Press F1 to create a new

file, and then enter the source S/N. Let test run for hour.7. Press ENTER to exit the test.8. To obtain the printout type MON then press F1 to obtain menu the hidden menu, F1 for auto scaled limit, F4

to view last file, then F7 to print.9. The limits are voltage should be less than .1 and current less than 1.5

10. MAKE SURE THE SHUTTER IS CLOSED AND REMOVE THE COLLET.

! 4-Channel Scanners:1. Select MON_STAB from the XSST menu.2. Follow the on-screen prompts, and press Y to characterize the scanner and 0 (zero) for cool down time.

3. MAKE SURE THE SHUTTER IS CLOSED, THEN PUT THE STABILITY COLLET IN.4. After 30 minutes press Q to quit.5. Verify theVoltage .25 %, and Current 3.0%.

6. MAKE SURE THE SHUTTER IS CLOSED AND REMOVE THE COLLET.

TABLE TEST (RAIL ALIGNMENT)

CAUTION: EXERCISE CAUTION WHILE TESTING THE MECHANICAL MOVEMENT. KEEP HANDSAND ALL OBJECTS CLEAR OF THE ARM ASSEMBLY WHILE IN MOTION TO AVOID PINCH POINTS.

CAUTION: CARE MUST BE EXERCISED WHILE PERFORMING THIS PROCEDURE TO AVOIDUNNECESSARY X-RAY EXPOSURE.

! 2-Channel Scanners:1. Type SERVICE and then press ENTER to access the service menu.2. Type 3 to begin the table test. This will set the x-ray to full power, run the peak program and find the table

limits. Follow the on-screen prompts.3. When prompted for the following questions, press ENTER at each question to accept the default.

R for rail alignment, A to acquire, type in the scanner serial number, and C for coarse scan.4. Follow the on-screen prompts to remove the calibration standard and the tabletop. Press the MARK button to

mark the reference point.5. Upon completion of the graph press F5 differential/integral, press F5 again for min/max, then press F7 to

print. When done printing press F9 to exit. The limits are .4/-. 4 for the two bottom graphs.

! 4-Channel Scanners:1. Select TLimit from the XSST menu.2. Select TABLE w from the XSST menu.3. When the test is complete press ENTER twice to display plots. Press P to print.4. The limits are .4.


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SKIP TEST


! 2-CHANNEL:1. Enter SERVICE, and then SKIPTEST to begin the program2. Follow the on-screen prompts, answer Y if it is a full-length table (XR36 or XR26) and N if it is a not a full-

length scanner (Eclipse). Answer N to loop continuously.3. When prompted, mark the reference point. Put a piece of tape on the tabletop and mark where the laser hits it.4. When the test is done, verify that the laser is back at the marked location.

! 4-CHANNEL:1. Select TLimit from the XSST menu.2. Select SkipTest from the XSST menu.3. Enter 1 for number of times to run the test.4. Enter N to check each portion of test.5. Enter H for high speed.6. Mark laser location on tabletop.7. When the test is done, verify that the laser is back at the marked location.

FILTER TEST

! 2-CHANNEL:1. Enter SERVICE, FULL, PEAK and 10 to select Filttest from the 1.7.0 Service menu.2. Mark points A and B on the calibration standard.3. Perform test and print results (press P) for filter 1, 2, and 3.4. Verify that filter 1 moves into the beam path in 7 ms and out within 6.5 ms. Verify that filters 2 and 3

move into the beam path in 8 ms and out within 6.5 ms.

! 4-CHANNEL:1. Select FiltTest from the XSST menu.2. Enter A for ALL.3. Mark points A and B on the calibration standard.4. On all 4 printouts, verify that the samarium has moved completely into the beam path within 8 ms. (bottom

plateau edge). Verify that the samarium has moved completely out of the beam path within 8 ms. (upperplateau edge). Confirm that here is no plateau shift in the 8 to 20 ms timeframe. While viewing the 1-3max/min plots, verify that there are no count rage variations that exceed 50% of the count rate range.

5. Press any key to continue.6. Press Q to quit. Press any key to continue.7. Attach the printouts to the Service Report.

INITIAL CALIBRATION AND FINAL FACTOR

1. At the DOS prompt, type FF_SET. Set the BMC (and optional Fat and Lean) factor to the default of 1.000.2. The calibration file needs to be renamed. At the C:/XR26 prompt type: REN CALIB.FILL

CAL(DATE).FIL. (i.e. ren calib.fil cal1020.fil, if the done on Oct 20th.)3. Initiate the host software and under the Setup Menu , select FIND TABLE DIMENSIONS4. When it completes defining the table dimensions, select BEGIN QA to start the calibration. Clear tabletop of

everything except for the calibration standard.

5. IMPORTANT: POST SIGNS THAT ARE CLEARLY VISIBLE THAT INDICATE X-RAYS AREBEING EMITTED AND THE SCANNER MUST NOT BE DISTURBED DURING THE INITIALCALIBRATION.

6. When the calibration is complete, select CANCEL to cancel the QC Scan. Go to the QA menu and selectSCAN QC PHANTOM. Enter 25 for the number of repetitions. .

7. Exit to DOS. At the C:/ prompt type FF_SET, answer Y for yes to have anew BMC Factor (lean and fat ifapplicable) computed, answer Y again to accept the propose factor.


NORLAND PAGE 14

8. Initiate the host software and under the QA menu select Scan QC Phantom. If time permits enter 16, otherwiseenter 3 or more. Verify the precision and accuracy for BMD (and optional fat and lean) are OK.

9 REPLACING THE SOURCE CONTROL BOARD

Before replacing the source control board measure the test points listed below to determine if replacing the source controlboard will fix the problem or ensure the new source control board will not be damaged.

9.1 Measure the following voltages on the source control board. The source can be at full x-ray power or zero power.If any of the voltages are missing, and the correct voltage is at the P10 (red/black and white/green wires),replacing the control board will fix the problem:

TEST POINT (TP) VOLTAGE RANGE DESCRIPTION1 +24 to 40 Main Power Input19 +9 to 11 +10 Volt Reference26 +4.98 to 5.02 +5 Volt Reference27 -9 to 11 -10 Volt Supply31 -14 to 16 -15 Volt Supply21 14.9 to 15.1 +15 Volt SupplyPin 4 of U18 5.87 to 6.11

9.2 Before replacing the source control board check the components listed below to ensure the new control board doesnot get damaged. If the following checks fail then replace the entire source.

9.2.1 Verify Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q3 are not shorted:Note: Q1 and Q2 will only have 15 ohms of resistance from leads 1 to 3, Pin 3 of Q3 and Q4 should be atground potential. All other leads should have at least 5 K ohms when testing from one lead to the other.

9.2.2 Verify the accumulator bag does not have air in it.Note: This can be inspected visually by looking at the tube running from the accumulator bag to the tank ofthe source. If the tube has more than inch of air there may be air in the source tank. Air in the tank willcause problems with the voltage transformers in the source.

9.3 If the control board is replaced, the following voltages should be checked immediately. If the voltages areincorrect, the system should be powered down and the source replaced.

TEST POINT (TP) VOLTAGE RANGE DESCRIPTION20 +3.92 to 4.08 X-ray Voltage25 -3.6 to 4.4 X-ray Voltage22 -4.85 to 5.14 X-ray Current Anode29 4.77 to 5.23 X-ray Current Anode23 4.89 to 5.18 X-ray Current Cathode24 4.88 to 5.19 X-ray Current Cathode

10 SOURCE REPLACEMENT PROCEDURE

CAUTION: Exercise care whenever working around x-ray sources. It is recommended that you wear a radiationdose badge to monitor any radiation exposure. Do not permit the beam to impinge on any part of your body at any time,especially your hands, arms and head.

IDENTIFICATION:

Lorad X-ray Source = Model number TXR26

Norland X-ray Source = Model numbers 391A051, 391A051J, or 391A168


NORLAND PAGE 15

REPLACEMENT PROCEDURE:

10.1 Refer to Source Wiring Diagram Section

10.2 If the original source is a Lorad and has desiccator tubes, turn the valve to the closed position.

10.3 For all models, disconnect and remove the original source from the scanner.

10.4 Place the new x-ray source onto the source mounting plate on the arm carriage. Align the source so the bottommounting tabs fit into the notches on the source mounting plate. Temporarily center the source on the plate.

10.5 Attach source to the mounting plate, using the following hardware, but do not tighten:

#6020371 - Screw - socket hd 1/4"-20 x 1-3/8" (Qty. 2)#6460006 - Washer - 1/4 flat washer, SAE (Qty. 2)

10.6 Remove the source top cover.

CAUTION: DO NOT OPERATE THE NORLAND SOURCE WITHOUT THE TOP COVER INSTALLED,BECAUSE THE FAN GUARD IS NOT IN PLACE.

10.7 If replacing a Lorad source with a Norland source configure filter assembly and source correctly:

If it is installed, remove the lead filter plate from the bottom of the filter casting assembly. Push the roll pin flush to the bottom surface of the filter casting assembly.

10.8 If installing a Norland source into a scanner with S/N lower than 600 (Low Intensity) and that has not beenupgraded to High Intensity or High Speed, configure the attenuator plugs accordingly (refer to chart). Removethe snap ring in the well of the source, and remove the samarium canister. For scanner serial numbers less than500 install the smaller plastic plug provided. If scanner serial number is 500 to 599 install the larger plastic plug.Reinstall the snap ring. Cut one end of R195 on the source control board (not necessary for source 391A051J, theresistor is already cut). R195 is located between R187 and TP33.

Secure or protect the resistor from shorting to another component, and cut the resistor so it may be reattached forfuture use if necessary.

SCANNER SERIAL NUMBER NORLAND SOURCEScanner S/N lower than 500 or that has NOT

been converted to New Beam Geometry,High Intensity (Mark II) or High Speed.

Remove the samarium canister, installthe smaller of the two plugsprovided, and cut one end or R195.

Scanner S/N 500 to 599, or any scanner upgradedto New Beam Geometry. (Finland and USA)

Remove the samarium canister, installthe larger of the two plugs provided,and cut one end of R195.

Scanner S/N higher than 600 or that has beenconverted to High Intensity (Mark II) orHigh Speed.

No change to the source is required.

10.9 Referring to SOURCE WIRING DIAGRAM section, center the filter casting assembly on the source with thefilter wiring exiting to the right side of the source. Secure the filter assembly using the following hardware:

6604206 - Screws (Qty 3)6460006 - Washers (Qty 3)

10.10 Referring to diagrams below, connect the various connectors and wires to specified locations as shown. Securethe middle cable assembly to the source.

CAUTION: Exercise caution when working with the cover removed. To prevent electrical shock use caution toavoid contact with exposed components.

10.11 Attach the red connector to the source control board P11.

10.12 Attach the ground wire to the right side of the source with screw and lock washer.


NORLAND PAGE 16

10.13 Attach the red/black and green/white wires.

10.13.1 For sources with the terminal block on the back cover: Loosen the source back cover enough to attach thered/black and green/white wires to the terminal block on the source back cover. The red/black should beon the left side when standing in front of the scanner (same side as the red wire on the terminal below).The green /white wires should on the right side (same side as the white wire).

White Wire

10.13.2 For all other scanners attach the wires directly to P10 of the source control board. The red/black wires goto the top pin and green/white wires go to the bottom. The middle pin is not used. See diagram below.

10.14 Secure the scanner middle cable to the source back panel using two cable ties.

10.15 Place the lead filter cover over the filter assembly and secure in place with top cover.

10.16 If there is an extra source certification label taped to the top of the source, apply it to the outside of the scanner.If there is an existing source certification label on the scanner it must be removed or covered with the new label.For scanners with S/N 1000-2000 and higher than 8000, apply it to the right side panel, below the last labelunder the power switch. For scanners with S/N 3000-8000 apply it to the back riser, under the scannercertification label. Refer to the Regulatory Label Location section.

NOTE: BEFORE RAMPING UP THE X-RAY TO ANY CURRENT OR VOLTAGE THE X-RAY SOURCEMUST BE ALLOWED TO REACH ROOM TEMPERATURE. FAILURE TO DO SO MAY RESULT INPERMANENT DAMAGE TO THE X-RAY TUBE.

CAUTION: TO PREVENT RADIATION EXPOSURE DO NOT RUN THIS OR ANY OTHER TEST THATREQUIRES THE X-RAY SOURCE TO OPERATE WITHOUT THE LEAD FILTER COVER IN PLACE.

GroundStrap

Red Connector to P11

Green Connector, P10 Red and Black wires

Green Connector, P10Green and White wires

Red Wire


NORLAND PAGE 17

10.17 Perform the recommended tests as outlined in the Testing Requirements section.

10.18 For USA, complete a FDA 2579 form. Send the 2579, printouts, XMAKEPRD, and the Service Report toNorland within 7 days.

11 FILTER ASSEMBLY REPLACEMENT

There are three part numbers:

388A053 Mark I (Original Beam Geometry)

388A350 Mark II (New Beam Geometry)

387A044 High Speed (Dynamic Filtration)

These parts are not compatible and the replacement filter assembly must be the same part.

The 387A044 is a filter assembly with matching circuit board. The board is attached to the top of the scanner mainboard. They are matched at the factory and must remain a set. If the filter assembly is replaced the board must alsobe replaced.

11.1 Remove the original filter assembly, and matching board (only for 387A044). Keep the original hardware.

11.2 If the filter assembly is being replaced in a system with a Lorad source (Model number TXR26) then remove thelower lead cover from the bottom of the original filter assembly and attach it to the new one.

CAUTION: TO PREVENT RADIATION EXPOSURE DO NOT OPERATE THE X-RAY SOURCEWITHOUT THE FILTER ASSEMBLY AND THE LEAD FILTER COVER IN PLACE.

11.3 Center the new filter assembly on the source and secure with the original mounting hardware.

11.4 Replace the lead filter cover.

11.5 Remove the original beam limiter certification label from the outside of the scanner. Fill in the appropriateinformation on the new label and apply it where the original label was removed.

11.6 Perform all the tests listed in the Testing Requirements section of this procedure.

11.7 For USA, complete a FDA 2579 form. Send the 2579, printouts, XMAKEPRD, and the Service Report toNorland within 7 days.

12 PMT TUBE IDENTIFICATION AND REPLACEMENT

IDENTIFICATION:

NORLAND PARTNUMBERS

MODEL NUMBER(on label)

PART NUMBER(on label)

Top PMT (High Energy) 4909050 1 XM.276/1.5A-X or 300-1082 300-1128

4909051 1 XM. 010/1.5A-XX or 300-1081 300-1127Bottom PMT (Low Energy)433D110 Only to be used in QS (4-Channel scanners)

If the low energy PMT has a model number 1 XM. 010/1.5A-X (one X at the end) and a serial number with lettersbefore JJ then it can only be used for two channel (non-QS) scanners.

If the low energy PMT has a part number 433D110 written on it. It can only be used for QS scanners.

All other PMTs can be used in any scanner.

Note: For scanners with S/N


NORLAND PAGE 18

REPLACEMENT PROCEDURE:

12.1 To make sure the new PMTs are reseated completely, mark the placement of the tube that is not being replaced.

12.2 Remove the hardware that secure the boards to the PMT holder.

12.3 Slide the boards and PMTs out of the holder.

12.4 CAUTION: DO NOT DISCONNECT THE UPPER CABLE CONNECTOR FROM THE BOARD IFPOSSIBLE.

12.5 NOTE: CAREFUL NOT TO DROP THE INTER BOARD SPACERS.

12.6 Replace the defective PMT. Make sure the PMTs are the same length.

12.7 Replace the original hardware.

12.8 CAUTION: IF THE UPPER CABLE HAD BEEN REMOVED FROM THE BOARD, VERIFY THATIT IS NOT RECONNECTED ONE PIN OFF.

12.9 Perform the recommended tests as outlined in the Testing Requirements section.

13 LASER DIODE REPLACEMENT

CAUTION: DO NOT STARE INTO THE LASER BEAM.

13.1 Remove the defective laser diode by removing the two set screws on the bottom of the shutoff block anddisconnecting the connector.

13.2 Install the new laser diode module into the shutoff block with the dimple on the front ring facing either of theslots in the block.

13.3 Secure laser diode with the two set screws. DO NOT OVER TIGHTEN OR IT WILL SHORT THELASER DIODE.

13.4 Reattach the connector.

13.5 Align the laser, perform a daily calibration, and complete a Service Report.

14 MAIN BOARD IDENTIFICATION

2-Channel and a 388A004 Main Board Replace with a 388A004 main board. If a 388A004 board is not availableit can be replaced with a 398A001 QS main board if a 398A003 QS charge amp board, and a 388A002 Bias boardrevision H or higher are also installed. The jumpers J1 and J2 must be installed on the Charge Amp board. The398A003 QS charge amp board and the 388A004 main board are not compatible.

Eclipse With Serial Numbers higher than 3500 and XR36 With Serial Numbers higher than 6500 Part number398A001 main board.

If the original main board has a HID (hardware identification device) make sure to move it to the new board orspecial options will not be enabled.

Scanners with S/N 1000 to 2000 or over 8000 Part number 433A080. (The 433A080 and the 398A001 QS mainboard look the same, but are not compatible. The easiest way to identify a 433A080 main board is to verify thefirmware is 433A082 and 433A081.)

If the original main board has a HID (hardware identification device) make sure to move it to the new board orspecial options will not be enabled.


NORLAND PAGE 19

15 MOTOR DRIVER BOARD CONFIGURATION

CAUTION: Exercise caution while testing the mechanical movement. Keep hands and all objects clear of thearm assembly while in motion to avoid pinch points.

The 387A017 motor driver board is backward compatible with all scanners.

Use the 387A075 upgrade kit to replace a 388A006 motor driver board.

For scanners with 2 amp motors the 387A017 motor driver board must be programmed. Refer to table below toremove the correct resistors.

StepperMotor

OutputCurrent

0 Ohm ResistorsTo cut andremove

X-Axis 2A 1.33A RA101, RB101Y-Axis 2A 1.33A RC101, RD101

Approximate location of the 0-ohm resistors on the motor driver board.

P3

RC101

P

1

P2

RD101

RA101 RB101

VR2


NORLAND PAGE 20

16 LEVEL SCANNER

16.1 MODEL XR26:

16.1.1 Level the scanner by placing a bubble level on the source plate, and moving the arm source plate to thecenter of the scanner. Adjust all four corner levelers until the rollers are off the floor or the frame is 2"off the floor and the frame is level in the X and Y-axis. Place the level on each perimeter edge of theframe and verify that all four positions are level. If the scanner is not level, adjust the appropriate levelersand also re-verify that the source plate is level in the X and Y-axis.

16.1.2 Lower the center levelers until they touch the floor. Re-verify the scanner is level.

16.2 ALL OTHER MODELS:

16.2.1 Set the scanner in its selected location, and move the arm to the center of the table. Adjust both left andright rear levelers to a height of approximately 1.5 inches below the bottom of the frame.

16.2.2 Place the bubble level in the Y axis direction on top of the arm base-plate and adjust rear levelers until thescanner is level.

16.2.3 Next move the bubble level to the X axis direction (while still on the arm base-plate) and adjust the frontmiddle leveler(s) until bubble position is correct.

16.2.4 Now turn down the remaining levels, two front outside and the middle level(s) in the rear, just enough torelieve any excessive stress points. Re-verify the scanner is level in both X and Y-axis.

17 WIRING DIAGRAMS

Limit Switch Wires for XR26, XR36, and Eclipse Scanners

Wire Colors (from left):BLACK, GREEN, WHITE, RED


NORLAND PAGE 21

LORAD SOURCE (MODEL TXR26):


NORLAND PAGE 22

NORLAND SOURCE (MODEL #391A051 OR 391A168):

GroundStrap

Red 4-Pin Connector

Green Connector,Red and Black wires

Green Connector,Green and White wires


NORLAND PAGE 23

18 SOURCE/DETECTOR ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE

CAUTION: EXERCISE CARE WHENEVER WORKING AROUND X-RAY SOURCES. IT ISRECOMMENDED THAT YOU WEAR A RADIATION DOSE BADGE TO MONITOR ANY RADIATIONEXPOSURE. DO NOT PERMIT THE BEAM TO IMPINGE ON ANY PART OF YOUR BODY AT ANY TIME,ESPECIALLY YOUR HANDS, ARMS AND HEAD.

18.1 ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE FOR 4-CHANNEL

SUPPLIES NEEDED: Beam Alignment Collet (388D454)

18.1.1 Center the X-ray source on the source mounting plate, so that the bottom mounting tabs of the source arecentered on the mounting screws from front to back. See FIG 1-B.

18.1.2 Remove the arm covers. For Eclipse and XR36 remove the front panel from the upper arm cover and re-attach it to the connector on the arm.

18.1.3 Select the Align program from the XSST menu. This will initialize the scanner, apply power to the x-raysource, run the PEAK and the count graph program.

18.1.4 When prompted to put in the correct collet, tape the Beam Alignment Collet (388D454, found in the backof the Operators Guide) into the aperture of the lower lead plate of the detector assembly. See Figure 3-E, and 3-D.

18.1.5 Select C for course scale from the menu.

18.1.6 Move the scanner arm and source to the desired location. Press the Mark button on the front panel ofthe scanner to begin the count graph.

18.1.7 Loosen the Belt Retainer plate from the PMT holder assembly. See FIG 3-B.

18.1.8 Move the PMT holder assembly, from front to back, to obtain the maximum counts. The count rate ismiddle number on the right side of the display. The count rate maximum will typically be between 90,000and 180,000. FIG 3-C.

18.1.9 Fasten down the Belt Retainer plate without decreasing the count rate. See FIG 3-B.

18.1.10 Loosen the source mounting screws on the source mounting plate. Using these screws, move the sourcefrom side to side to obtain the maximum counts. See FIG 1-B. (If the source cannot be moved to one sideenough to obtain maximum counts, then it may be necessary to remove the lead filter cover, then loosenand adjust the filter casting assembly).

CAUTION: X-RAYS ARE BEING EMITTED. EXERCISE CARE WHENEVER WORKING AROUND X-RAYSOURCES. IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT YOU WEAR A RADIATION DOSE BADGE TO MONITOR ANYRADIATION EXPOSURE. DO NOT PERMIT THE BEAM TO IMPINGE ON ANY PART OF YOUR BODY AT ANYTIME, ESPECIALLY YOUR HANDS, ARMS AND HEAD.

18.1.11 Loosen the Belt Retainer Plate and repeat steps to move the PMT holder back and forth and the sourceleft to right until maximum count rates are achieved.

18.1.12 Press the letter Q to exit the program. Press Q again to turn the source off.

18.1.13 CAUTION: VERIFY THE SHUTTER IS CLOSED. Then follow the prompt to REMOVE THEALIGNMENT COLLET (see FIG 2-D) and press any key to continue.

Note: Laser must be re-aligned after source alignment procedure.


NORLAND PAGE 24

18.2 ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE FOR 2-CHANNEL SCANNERS AND S/N 500 OR HIGHER

SUPPLIES NEEDED: Beam Alignment Collet (388D454)

18.2.1 Remove the upper and lower arm covers. For Eclipse and XR36, remove the front panel from the upperarm cover and reattach it to the front panel cable.

18.2.2 Enter SERVICE at the DOS prompt.

18.2.3 Enter IS on the computer to initialize the scanner. After the scanner has found the table origin move thescanner arm to the front and center of the table for alignment.

18.2.4 Tape the Beam Alignment Collet, found in the back of the Operator's Guide, into the lower lead plate ofthe detector assembly. For scanners with s/n 500-599 use Beam Alignment collet, 388D374. Forscanners with s/n higher then 599 use collet 388D454 (see figure 3-E). When taping the collet in place becareful not to tape to or damage the fluoroscopic screen. See FIG 3-D.

18.2.5 Enter IDLE on the computer to bring the source up to 70 Kev and .1 ma. (Wait one minute for the sourceto ramp up.)

18.2.6 Enter PEAK to run the peak setting program. After the graph is drawn on the screen press the ENTERkey twice to set the two discriminator levels.

18.2.7 Enter CG to run the count graph program. Respond to the request for count rate range with 0,180000,and press ENTER.

18.2.8 Enter Y when asked if the scanner s/n is above 600. By entering "Y" the CG program will automaticallyselect filter 4.

18.2.9 Remove the belt retainer plate from the PMT holder assembly. If it is notched on the bottom to fit intothe belt grooves then turn it over so the notches are on the top and the movement of the PMT holderassembly is not limited by the belt grooves. Replace the plate but do not fasten down. See FIG 3-B.

CAUTION: X-RAYS ARE BEING EMITTED. CARE MUST BE TAKEN TO STAY OUT OF THEBEAM PATH.

18.2.10 Move the PMT holder assembly, from front to back, to obtain the maximum Total on-screen counts.The count rate maximum will typically be between 90,000 and 180,000. FIG 3-C.

18.2.11 Fasten down the belt retainer plate without decreasing the count rate. See FIG 3-B.

18.2.12 Loosen the source mounting screws on the source mounting plate. Using these screws move the sourcefrom side to side to obtain the maximum total counts. See FIG1-B.

18.2.13 Loosen the belt retainer plate and repeat steps to move the PMT holder back and forth and the source leftto right until maximum count rates are achieved.

18.2.14 Press ENTER to exit the "CG" program.

18.2.15 VERIFY THE SHUTTER IS CLOSED, THEN REMOVE THE BRASS COLLET from the lowercollimator plate and return it to the Operator's Guide. See FIG 3-D.

18.2.16 Reinstall the upper arm cover. Be very careful to reconnect the front panel so that you are not one pinoff.


18.3 ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE FOR SCANNERS WITH S/N 499 OR LOWER

SUPPLIES NEEDED: Brass Alignment Collet (388D178)

18.3.1 Remove the upper and lower arm covers. Move the scanner arm to a convenient location for alignment.

18.3.2 At the 'C>' prompt, type SERVICE, then press the ENTER key. The "Norland XR-Series DiagnosticMenu" should appear on the screen.


NORLAND PAGE 25

18.3.3 Enter IS on the computer to initialize the scanner.

18.3.4 Remove the lower lead collimator plate from the PMT holder (will be replaced and aligned in a laterstep). See FIG 3-A.

18.3.5 Place the Brass Alignment Collet (388D178, found at the back of the Operator's Guide) into the hole inthe top of the filter casting assembly. See FIG 2-B.

18.3.6 Enter IDLE on the computer to bring the source up to 70 Kev and .1 ma.

18.3.7 Enter PEAK to run the peak setting program. After the graph is drawn on the screen press the ENTERkey twice to set the two discriminator levels.

18.3.8 Enter CG to run the count graph program. Respond to the request for count rate range with 0,180000.Enter N when asked if the scanner s/n is above 600. By entering "N" the CG program will automaticallyselect filter 3.

18.3.9 Remove the belt retainer plate from the PMT holder assembly. If it is notched on the bottom to fit into thebelt grooves then turn it over so the notches are on the top and the movement of the PMT holderassembly is not limited by the belt grooves. Replace the plate but do not fasten down. See FIG 3-B.

CAUTION: X-RAYS ARE BEING EMITTED. CARE MUST BE TAKEN TO STAY OUT OF THEBEAM PATH.

18.3.10 Move the PMT holder assembly, from front to back, to obtain the maximum Total on-screen counts. Thecount rate maximum will typically be between 90,000 - 150,000. FIG 3-C.

18.3.11 Fasten down the belt retainer plate without decreasing the count rate. See FIG 3-B.

18.3.12 Loosen the source mounting screws on the source mounting plate. Using these screws move the sourcefrom side to side to obtain the maximum Total counts. See FIG 1-B.

18.3.13 Loosen the belt retainer plate and repeat steps to move the PMT holder back and forth and the source leftto right until maximum count rates are achieved.

18.3.14 Press the ENTER key to exit the "CG" program and close the shutter. Replace the lower collimator plate,but do not tighten screws.

18.3.15 Enter CG to run the count graph program. Respond to the request for count rate range with 0,180000.Enter N when asked if the scanner s/n is above 600. By entering "N" the CG program will automaticallyselect filter 3.

CAUTION: X-RAYS ARE BEING EMITTED. CARE MUST BE TAKEN TO AVOID GETTING INTHE BEAM PATH.

18.3.16 Adjust the lower lead collimator plate position for maximum Total on-screen count rate. Tighten thelower lead collimator plate screws.

18.3.17 Press the ENTER key to exit the "CG" program.

18.3.18 VERIFY THAT THE SHUTTER IS CLOSED, then REMOVE THE BRASS COLLET and returnit to the Operator's Guide. See FIG 2-B.



NORLAND PAGE 26

FIGURE 1


NORLAND PAGE 27

FIGURE 2


NORLAND PAGE 28

FIGURE 3

388D454Beam Alignment Collet 8.7 MM.

(ACTUAL SIZE)


NORLAND PAGE 29

19 LASER ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE

The following procedure is for proper alignment of the laser.

CAUTION: DO NOT STARE INTO THE LASER BEAM.

SUPPLIES NEEDED: 5/64 ALLEN WRENCH

19.1 Turn on the laser.

19.2 Slightly loosen the two screws that hold the laser block.

19.3 Adjust the laser using the four Allen screws in the back of the laser shut-off block. The laser must pass throughthe center of the hole in the top of the filter assembly.

19.4 Tighten the two laser block screws. Make sure the laser stays centered in the hole of the filter assembly. Note:Make sure the laser diode is tight in the laser block and that it cannot turn inside the block

20 SET PMT GAINS

This procedure is used to set the photomultiplier tube gain circuit.

20.1 GAIN ADJUSTMENT FOR SCANNERS WITH AUTOSET HARDWARE

NOTE: Scanners with autoset hardware can be identified by selecting SCOM from the XSST menu and entering AD.If the response is My then autoset hardware is installed.

20.1.1 From the XSST service menu select GainPeak. Verify there is nothing in the beam path (tabletop ispermitted).

20.1.2 A peak graph will be drawn. The high-energy peak channel (1/FL) should be 2250 50 and the lowenergy peak channel ( 1/IL) should be 1150 50. Refer to GainPeak Example for location of the values.

20.1.3 If they are not correct then select PAutoSet R to set the detector gain. If they are correct skip to thenext line.

20.1.4 When autoset is complete select PeakPick to perform an initial peak.

20.1.5 Enter C to characterize the system. Press Y to confirm.

20.1.6 After the spectrum is displayed verify the 1/FL Peak is 2250 25, and the 1/IL Peak is 1150 25. If theyare not correct repeat the PautoSet R command.

20.1.7 Press P to print. Attach the printout to the Service Report.

20.2 GAIN ADJUSTMENT FOR 4-CHANNEL AND WITHOUT AUTOSET HARDWARE

CAUTION: USE INSULATED POT TRIM TOOL WHEN ADJUSTING POTENTIOMETERS TO PREVENTELECTRICAL SHOCK. CARE MUST BE EXERCISED WHILE PERFORMING THIS PROCEDURE TO AVOIDUNNECESSARY X-RAY EXPOSURE.

20.2.1 Remove the upper arm covers. For Eclipse and XR36 scanners, remove the front panel from the armcover and re-attach it to the upper arm cable.

20.2.2 From the XSST service menu select GainPeak. Verify there is nothing in the beam path (tabletop ispermitted).

20.2.3 A peak graph will be drawn. Refer to the example below. The high-energy peak channel (1/FL) should be2250 50 and the low energy peak channel (1/IL) should be 1150 50.


NORLAND PAGE 30

GAINPEAK EXAMPLE

2250 50 1150 50

20.2.4 If they are correct press Q to quit and return to the XSST menu. Perform an initial peak to characterizethe system by selecting PeakPick, pressing C to characterize, and Y to confirm. After the spectrum isdisplayed verify the values are correct and press P to print a hard copy. See the Characterize (Initial) PeakExample below. Attach the printout to the Service Report.

20.2.5 If they are not correct follow the steps below to adjust the peaks. The separation between peaks should be1100 25 channels. If the separation is not within that range, adjust the balance potentiometer. Forscanners (S/N 1000-2000) adjust R3 (right) on the PMT HV/Laser PS boards, and for Eclipse scanners(S/N 3600-5000) and XR36 scanners (6600-8000) adjust R23 on the Bias Board. Use the following tableas a guide for making the adjustment (it will vary from unit to unit). Press any key and R to repeat theGainPeak and pot adjustment until the channel separation is within range.

CAUTION: DO NOT MAKE THE ADJUSTMENTS WITH THE SHUTTER OPEN TO AVOIDUNNECESSARY X-RAY EXPOSURE.

Balance Pot Direction Number of

Adjustment Of Peak Channels

T CW High Energy: 100Low Energy: 50

T CCW High Energy: 100Low Energy: 50


NORLAND PAGE 31

20.2.6 Next adjust the HV potentiometer. For scanners (S/N 1000-2000) adjust R1 (left) on the PMT HV/LaserPS Board, for Eclipse scanners (S/N 3600-5000) and XR36 scanners (S/N 6600-8000) adjust R1 on theHigh Voltage Board. Obtain a high energy peak channel of 2250 50 and a low energy peak channel of1150 50. Use the following table as a guide for making the adjustment (it will vary from unit to unit).Press any key and R to repeat the GainPeak and pot adjustment until the amplitude is within range.

High Voltage Pot Direction Number ofAdjustment Of Peak Channels

T CW High Energy: 400Low Energy: 200

T CCW High Energy: 400Low Energy: 200

20.2.7 When the values are correct press Q to quit the GainPeak program.

20.2.8 Perform an initial peak, by selecting PeakPick from the XSST menu. Press C to characterize, and Y toconfirm. After the spectrum is displayed verify the values are correct and press P to print a hardcopy andattach it to the Service Report.

CHARACTERIZE (INITIAL) PEAK EXAMPLE


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20.3 PROCEDURE FOR 2- CHANNEL SCANNERS

SUPPLIES NEEDED: OSCILLOSCOPE, 60 MHzOSCILLOSCOPE PROBE, 1X

20.3.1 The communication cable must be on COMM 1. Enter the following commands:

SERVICE, press ENTER, to access the 1.7.0 Service menu12 to select Gains

20.3.2 When asked, Do you have scanner serial number 600 or higher?, do not respond.

20.3.3 Position the arm in convenient location and make sure the beam path is cleared.

20.3.4 Set the oscilloscope to .5 volt/div., .2 us./div., and AC input coupling.

20.3.5 Adjustment procedure:

Balance: R23 on PMT Bias Board OR R4 on the Charge Amplifier board, depending on the systemconfiguration, is adjusted to obtain equal amplitude on both channels.

Gain: R1 on the PMT HV Board is adjusted to obtain amplitude of 2.0 or 4.0 volts, depending on thetype of main board.

20.3.6 View the signal on TP5 of the 398A001 main board or the bottom of R19 on the 388A001 main board(see figure 20-2). Connect the ground lead to TP1 on the 398A001 main board and AGND on the388A001 main board.

20.3.7 Switch the scope probe to TP6 of the 398A001 main board or the bottom of R37 (see figure 20-2) on the388A001 main board.

20.3.8 Adjust R23 on the PMT Bias Board or R4 on the Charge Amplifier board (depending on the systemconfiguration) until both signals are the same amplitude.

20.3.9 After the signals are balanced then adjust R1 on the PMT High Voltage Board for the correct amplitude.For 398A001 main board adjust the upper peak to 2 volts in both channels from the baseline to the middleof the upper peak pulse cluster, similar in shape to figure 20-3. For 388A001 main board adjust the upperpeak for 4 volts and lower peak to 2 volts. See figure 20-3.

20.3.10 Readjust the balance and the gain as required to obtain the correct level for both signals. Press ENTERtwice to exit.

20.3.11 Remove the scope probes and replace the protective screen.


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FIGURE 20-2

FIGURE 20-3

Note: If usingHost Software 2.5.2 AND QSHardware - 398A001 main bd,with jumpers installed on thecharge amp bd adjust:UPPER PEAK 2.0 0.1VLOWER PEAK 1.0 0.1V


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21 SOURCE COUNT RATE CHECK

The purpose of the source count rate check is to optimize the count rates.

21.1 SOURCE COUNT RATE CHECK FOR 4-CHANNEL SCANNERS

21.1.1 Install the tabletop.

21.1.2 At the XSST menu select CRcheck. Follow the prompts to set the calibration standard in the calibrationposition. Turn the laser ON and move the arm to the position "A" on the calibration standard. Press theMark button to begin the count rates.

21.1.3 The source will ramp to full power, and the source will move to the back of the scanner to perform gainadjustment. Verify there is nothing but the tabletop in the beam path.

21.1.4 The arm will move back to the calibration standard and begin counting. Verify the Init1 count ratelisted under the COUNT RATE MEANS (5th column) is in the approximate range of 550000-750000counts. If the count rate is acceptable press Q and then ENTER to quit.

If the count rate is not acceptable then turn the scanner off, remove the source control board cover,and move the jumper on the control board. J2 is Hi, J3 is Low, and J4 is medium output. Thejumpers are located in the lower right corner (when standing in back of the scanner). Refer to thedrawing at the end of this section.

Repeat the source count rate check. If the count rate is still not correct then contact NorlandCustomer Service for assistance.

Press Q to quit the count rate program and then press any key to return to the XSST menu.

21.2 SOURCE COUNT RATE CHECK FOR 2-CHANNEL SCANNERS

21.2.1 Set the table top onto the scanner.

21.2.2 Place the calibration standard in position

21.2.3 At the C> prompt the following commands:ServiceIsFullPeak

21.2.4 When the peak graph is completed, press ENTER twice.

21.2.5 Turn the laser ON and move the arm to the position "A" on the calibration standard.

21.2.6 Enter CR to measure the count rate, enter an interval of 5 seconds and filter 7.

21.2.7 The low energy count rate must be in the range of 550000-750000 counts. . (The count rates aredisplayed as High Energy, Low Energy).

21.2.8 If the count rate is acceptable press ENTER to exit. Type OFF and press ENTER to power down thesource.

If the count rate is not correct, change the jumper on the source control board; turn the scanner off,remove the source control board cover, and move the jumper on the control board. J2 is Hi, J3 isLow, and J4 is medium output. The jumpers are located in the lower right corner (when standing inback of the scanner). Refer to the drawing at the end of this section.

Repeat the source count rate check. If the count rate is still incorrect contact Norland CustomerService for assistance.

Press ENTER to exit the CR program.

21.2.9 It testing is complete, replace the upper and lower arm covers.


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APPROXIMATE LOCATION OF THE JUMPERS ON THE SOURCE CONTROL BOARD.

J2J3J4

LEDs

Source Control Board

P12


NORLAND

22 BEAM STABILITY TEST

Beam stability is used to determine the current and voltage fluctuations of the x-ray source.

CAUTION: EXERCISE CARE WHENEVER WORKING AROUND X-RAY SOURCES. AVOIDUNNECESSARY EXPOSURE. DO NOT PERMIT THE BEAM TO IMPINGE ON ANY PART OF YOURBODY AT ANY TIME, ESPECIALLY YOUR HANDS, ARMS AND HEAD. IT IS RECOMMENDED THATYOU WEAR A RADIATION DOSE BADGE TO MONITOR ANY RADIA

22.1 BEAM STABILITY TEST FOR 4-CHANNEL SCANNERS

SUPPLIES NEEDED: Source Test Collet 388D455

22.1.1 From the XSST menu select Mon_Stab to start the stability test. Wcharacterize the scanner, type Y for yes, and press ENTER.

22.1.2 Type 0 (zero) and press ENTER for cool down time, if the source ienter 1-9 for hours, or 10 and higher for minutes.

IMPORTANT: If the source is warm, it must be completely cooled to

DISPLAYED INSTRUCTIONS: REQUIRED ACTION:This test runs for about 9 minutes.1: The tabletop is optional.

Install the tabletop.

2: Plastic is required:

Either place the small plastic attenuator on top of thesource,-or-Position the QC phantom such that the laser is in theAcrylic (clear plastic, or soft tissue) of the phantom.

Turn the laser on:

For scanners with the cleathe QC phantom on the tathe laser in the plastic (no

For scanners with the blacalibration standard on thposition, move the laser tstandard.

3: Tape the source test collet into the hole in the loweraperture.

Verify the shutter is close(388D455, found in the bsee figure below) into theassembly (see FIG 2-D inAlignment section).

Mark to continue Press the Mark button t

22.1.3 The XRAYFACT will complete in approximately 9 minutes and thFor approximately two minutes there will be numbers displayed ontwo minutes a graph will appear. Allow the software to gather datamake sure the unit is not tampered with and that nothing is placed iTION EXPOSURE. PAGE 36

hen asked, Do you wish to

s cool. If cool down time is needed

ambient temperature.

r acrylic QC phantom placeble, move the arm to positiont bone).

ck QC phantom place thee tabletop in the calibrationo point A on the calibration

d and tape the source test colletack of the Operator's Manual, lower opening of the detector the Source/Detector

o begin testing.

e stability test will automatically start. the right side of the screen. After the for 30 minutes. During this time,n the beam path.

388D455Stability Test Collet


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22.1.4 After 30 minutes press Q to quit the stability graph. The graph will automatically print. Press any key toreturn to the XSST menu.

22.1.5 Verify there is less than .25% change for voltage TTL % and less than 3.0% change for current TTL%.These values are displayed in the upper left corner. See example below.

22.1.6 If the stability doesn't meet these specifications check to see if the right collets have been used foralignment and for the stability test. Check the source alignment and if you are able to achieve morecounts, then cool the source for several hours to room temperature and rerun the stability test.

22.1.7 VERIFY THE SHUTTER IS CLOSED AND REMOVE THE SOURCE TEST COLLET FROMTHE LOWER APERTURE.

STABILITY TEST EXAMPLE (4-CHANNEL)

Voltage Limit 0.25%

Current limit 3.0%

22.2 BEAM STABILITY FOR 2-CHANNEL

SUPPLIES NEEDED: For scanner S/N 600 or above - Source Test Collet 388D455

Note: If unit has been on such that it has warmed up, the x-ray unit must be completely turned off to allow itto cool to ambient temperature

22.2.1 Enter the following commands:

ServiceIsFullPeak(After the graph is complete, press ENTER twice to set the two discriminators.)

22.2.2 Install the tabletop. Place the QC Phantom in the center of the scan area. Turn the laser on and positionit in the acrylic (soft tissue) of the phantom (verify the laser is not in the "bone").


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22.2.3 VERIFY THE SHUTTER IS CLOSED. For scanners with S/N 600 or higher tape the Stability TestCollet (388D455, found in the back of the operator's manual, see picture at the beginning of this section)into the lower aperture of the detector assembly. Scanners with S/N 599 or below do not need SourceTest Collet.

22.2.4 Enter PA to set the DAC values. The test will run for approximately 10 minutes and return to theC:\bd\xray> prompt.

22.2.5 Enter MON to start the stability test. When Press cr to continue is displayed press ENTER to continue,press F1 to create a new file, and enter source serial number upon request, and press ENTER.

22.2.6 For approximately two minutes there will be numbers displayed on the right side of the screen. After thetwo minutes a graph will appear. Allow data gathering for at least hour. During this time make surethe unit is not tampered with and that nothing is placed in the beam path.

22.2.7 After the graph appears to have leveled out press ENTER to exit the stability test.

22.2.8 Enter MON to review test results.

22.2.9 When Press cr to continue is displayed, press F1 for hidden menu. .

22.2.10 Press F1 for "Auto Scaled Limits".

22.2.11 Press F4 to "View Last File".

22.2.12 Press F7 to print copy, if a printout is desired.

22.2.13 Voltage must be less than .1% and current must be less than 1.5%. The values are displayed in the upperleft corner.

If the stability doesn't meet these specifications check to see if the right collet has been used. Check thesource alignment and if you are able to achieve more counts, then cool the source for several hours to roomtemperature and rerun the stability test.

22.2.14 Enter OFF to power down the x-ray source.

22.2.15 VERIFY THE SHUTTER IS CLOSED. Remove the Stability Test Collet from the lower aperture.

22.2.16 If testing is complete, replace the upper and lower arm covers.

23 TABLE (RAIL ALIGNMENT) TEST

The rail alignment test is executed to detect count variances at any table area location. These variances must be withinrecommended tolerances. Should specifications be exceeded, contact Norland Customer Service.


CAUTION: X-RAYS ARE BEING EMITTED DURING THIS TEST. STAY CLEAR OF THE BEAM PATH.

23.1 RAIL ALIGNMENT TEST FOR 4-CHANNEL SCANNERS

23.1.1 Remove the tabletop and the calibration standard.

23.1.2 From the XSST Menu select Tlimit define the table dimensions. Press any key to return to the XSSTmenu.

23.1.3 From the XSST select Table -w from the menu. This program will set the x-ray to full power, a test thegains, and begin the test. It will require approximately 12 minutes to complete.

23.1.4 When the test is complete press ENTER twice to display plots.


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23.1.5 Verify the Difference and Sum, max and min values are less than .4%. See example below.

23.1.6 Press P to print.

23.1.7 When the printing is complete press Q twice to quit and return to the XSST menu.

23.1.8 Attach the printout to the Service Report.

23.1.9 If the test failed, verify all collets have been removed, and re-level scanner. Rail alignment adjustmentsmay be performed and the test must be redone until the specifications have been met. Contact NorlandCustomer Service for the proper procedure on making these rail alignment modifications.

TABLE TEST EXAMPLE

Limit .40%

Limit .40%

23.2 RAIL ALIGNMENT FOR 2-CHANNEL SCANNERS

23.2.1 Enter SERVICE at a DOS prompt to obtain the 1.7.0 service tools menu.

23.2.2 Type 3, then press the ENTER key to select the table program. Follow the on screen prompts to pressENTER twice after the peak graph is displayed, and press ENTER to find table dimensions.

23.2.3 When you press any key to start the table program enter the responses listed below.

NOTE: The filter selection for this program is based on the scanner serial number that is entered. If thescanner has been upgraded to High Intensity (Mark II) or High Speed, then enter a serial number greaterthan 600. For more information contact Norland Customer Service.

Rail alignment or Table top test (R,T) : => rAcquire or Read data (A,R) : => aEnter Scanner serial number: => xxx ENTERCoarse or Fine scan (C,F) : => c

23.2.4 Following the prompts, remove the tabletop and calibration standard. Press ENTER to continue. PressENTER to mark the reference point. After taking a reference measurement the table scan will begin. Itwill require approximately 12 minutes to complete.

23.2.5 Upon completion a graph of uncorrected low and high-energy count rate will be displayed. Press F5 forthe differential/ integral display and F5 again for the min./max display. Verify the Uncorrected


NORLAND PAGE 40

Differential and Uncorrected Integral min/max limits are less than .4/-. 4. Press F7 to print a hardcopy.Press F9 to EXIT.

23.2.6 If the test failed, verify all collets have been removed, and re-level the scanner. Rail alignmentadjustments may be performed and the test must be redone until the specs have been met. ContactNorland Customer Service for the proper procedure on making these rail alignment adjustments.

24 FUNCTION TESTS

24.1 RADIATION LEAKAGE TEST FOR ALL SCANNERS

CAUTION: Exercise care whenever working around x-ray sources. It is recommended that you wear a radiationdose badge to monitor any radiation exposure. Do not permit the beam to impinge on any part of your body at anytime, especially your hands, arms and head.

SUPPLIES NEEDED: Victoreen Survey Meter Model 05-571

24.1.1 Inspect the source and filter assembly to make sure all shielding is in place and verify absence ofshielding damage.

24.1.2 At any DOS prompt, type IS, then press the ENTER key to initialize the scanner.

24.1.3 Type FULL, press the ENTER key, and wait one minute to bring the source to full power.

24.1.4 Remove the tabletop and move the arm/source to the center of its range for both "X" & "Y" motion.

24.1.5 Check the radiation levels of all surfaces of the source and filter assembly. Keep meter within 5 cm ofthe surface. Note that the instrument has a response time of about 5 seconds. Take your time scanningthe surfaces so you don't miss any leaks.

24.1.6 Verify leakage is less than 15 mR on all surfaces.

24.1.7 If the reading exceeds the maximum allowed, note the reading and location, turn off the source, andnotify Norland Customer Service. Record details on the Service Report.

24.2 SHUTOFF TEST FOR ALL SCANNERS

24.2.1 Power up the scanner. Initialize the scanner.

24.2.2 Enter idle to power up the source.

24.2.3 Turn on the laser by pressing the scanner control panel button.

24.2.4 Press the "EMERGENCY OFF" or HALT key on the front panel of the unit.

24.2.5 Verify that the source fan motor has been shut off, that the arm cannot be moved using the keypad, andall front panel lights are off.

24.3 LABEL TYPE/PLACEMENT VERIFICATION

Verify all regulatory labels are firmly affixed and properly located as shown in Regulatory Label LocationSection.

24.4 PRE-INDICATI0N VERIFICATION (USA only)

Verify that pre-indication of 100 kilovolts, milliamp, and scan time estimate appear on the same screens thatpermit the initiation of patient exposure. Verify this indication for all scan types enabled in the instrument.

24.5 X-RAY ON VERIFICATION

Under all control conditions, verify that the Scanner Control Panel "X-Ray On" indicator is illuminated whenthe X-Ray source is on, and is not illuminated when

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Repair procedures Norland Densitometer