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REPASO14 MAR 2011 – DÍA 24Neurolingüística del español
SPAN 4270
Harry Howard
Tulane University
ORGANIZACIÓN DEL CURSO
http://www.tulane.edu/~howard/SPAN4130-Neurospan/
El curso es apto para un electivo en neurociencia.
Neurolinguistics and linguistic aphasiology está en reserva en la biblioteca.
Human Research Protection Program http://tulane.edu/asvpr/irb/index.cfm Before beginning research at Tulane University,
all research personnel must complete the CITI Training Program; this can be completed at www.citiprogram.org.
03/14/11
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SP
AN
4130 - Harry H
oward - T
ulane University
REPASO
03/14/11S
PA
N 4130 - H
arry How
ard - Tulane U
niversity
3
SUMMARY OF LATERALIZATION OF WORD SEMANTICS
LH RH
Quickly selects most familiar or dominant meaning (convergent processing) while suppressing other less closely related meanings
Slowly selects multiple meanings (divergent processing) that are weakly associated
Primes words that share many semantic features > closely associated words
Primes words that share few semantic features > loosely associated words
Primes the most frequent meaning of an ambiguous word
Primes the less frequent meaning of an ambiguous word
Automatic (unconscious) processing
Consciously controlled and attentive processing
03/14/11
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SP
AN
4130 - Harry H
oward - T
ulane University
SUMMARY OF LATERALIZATION OF PHONOLOGY
LH RH
lexical, phrasal, clausal stress;
lexical tone in Thai/Chinese
sentence type
emotional intonation
categorical distinctions graded/continuous distinctions
rapid cues > small window of temporal integration
slow cues > large window of temporal integration
high frequency: formants low frequency: fundamental
time-dependent and sequential, i.e. temporal order, sequence, and duration of sounds and of intervals between sounds
time-independent, i.e. pitch and harmonic structure (spectral) > inability to perceive frequency-related information
[temporal cues] [spectral cues]
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SP
AN
4130 - Harry H
oward - T
ulane University
¿DEBE HABER UNA EXPLICACIÓN COMÚN PARA TODAS LAS DIFERENCIAS ENTRE LOS DOS HEMISFERIOS?
HI HD
fonología Factor A Factor B
semántica
léxicaFactor C Factor D
HI HD
fonología Factor A Factor B
semántica
léxicaFactor A Factor B
Teoría 1 Teoría 2
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N 4130 - H
arry How
ard - Tulane U
niversity
6
O sea, ¿cuál es la mejor, la teoría 1 o la 2?
RELACIONES CATEGÓRICAS O COORDINADAS EN LA VISIÓN ESPACIAL
Categórica(el punto verde está
sobre/debajo de la barra)
Coordinada(el punto verde está
cerca/lejos de la barra)
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SP
AN
4130 - Harry H
oward - T
ulane University
CODIFICACIÓN FINA O GRUESA
HI: codificación fina – campos receptivos pequeños sin solapamiento
HD: codificación gruesa – campos receptivos grandes con solapamiento
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N 4130 - H
arry How
ard - Tulane U
niversity
8
11 22 33
44 55 66
77 88 99
11 22
33 44
9 neuronas indizan 9 regiones del campo visual
11 22
4 neuronas indizan 8+ regiones del campo visual
22
UNA EXPLICACIÓN COMÚN PARA LA DIFERENCIAS ENTRE LOS DOS HEMISFERIOS
Teoría 2
03/14/11S
PA
N 4130 - H
arry How
ard - Tulane U
niversity
9
HI HD
fonologíacodificación
finacodificación
gruesa
semántica
léxicacodificación
finacodificación
gruesa
LA ORGANIZACIÓN SEMÁNTICA DEL LÉXICOHoy es divertido pero desorganizado
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SP
AN
4130 - Harry H
oward - T
ulane University
GRANULARITY OF SEMANTIC PROCESSING (BEEMAN) On receipt of a word, the LH mediates focused
activation of the limited subset of semantic content that is tied to the most frequent meaning or to the context at hand defined by precedent words or sentences. The activation concentrated on context-relevant
content works to keep that meaning available for subsequent language comprehension.
In contrast, on the receipt of a word, the RH characteristically generates diffuse activation related to the word's semantic content, including even weakly associated connotative components. In and of itself, the activation of a particular
connotative association of a stimulus may not be strong enough to render that association available for conscious interpretation.
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SP
AN
4130 - Harry H
oward - T
ulane University
FINE VS. COARSE SEMANTIC CODING … when people read or hear a word, the LH uses
relatively fine semantic coding to quickly select a single relevant meaning or a few relevant features, discarding the others This makes the LH extremely adept for most language
tasks. In contrast, the RH employs relatively coarse semantic
coding to weakly activate several meanings and many features of the word, including features that are only distantly related to the input word, given the context. This makes the RH less adept at many language tasks
because diffusely activated semantic fields provide only a coarse interpretation of an individual word's meaning.
Diffusely activated semantic fields also provide a poor basis for selecting individual semantic representations, because activation is distributed over many representations, rather than one or a few representations being much more active than the others.
03/14/11
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SP
AN
4130 - Harry H
oward - T
ulane University
tiene morro chato
tiene morro chato
CODIFICACIÓN FINA O GRUESA
HI: codificación fina – campos receptivos pequeños sin solapamiento
HD: codificación gruesa – campos receptivos grandes con solapamiento
03/14/11S
PA
N 4130 - H
arry How
ard - Tulane U
niversity
13
se come en el des-
ayuno
se come en el des-
ayuno
es comes-
tible
es comes-
tible
vive en el
campo
vive en el
campo
Kevin BaconKevin Bacon
tiene morro chato
tiene morro chato
tiene el rabo corto
tiene el rabo corto
dice "oink"dice
"oink"
tiene las
patas cortas
tiene las
patas cortas
es gordo
es gordo
se come en el
desayuno
se come en el
desayuno
es comestible
es comestible
dice "oink"dice "oink"
Kevin
B
aco
nK
evin
B
aco
n
tiene morro chato
tiene morro chato
tiene el rabo corto
tiene el rabo corto
tiene las
patas cortas
tiene las
patas cortas
es gordo
es gordo
SUMMARY OF LATERALIZATION
LH: fine coding RH: coarse coding
No overlap & small receptive field → quickly selects most familiar or dominant meaning (convergent processing) while suppressing other less closely related meanings
Much overlap & large receptive field → slowly selects multiple meanings (divergent processing) that are weakly associated
No overlap → primes closely associated words
Much overlap → primes loosely associated words
No overlap → primes most frequent meaning (assumed to be most active)
Much overlap → primes less frequent meanings (assumed to be less active)
No overlap → categorical distinctionsMuch overlap → graded/continuous distinctions
Small receptive field = small window of temporal integration → rapid cues
Large receptive field = large window of temporal integration → slow cues
Small receptive field = high frequency Large receptive field = low frequency
03/14/11
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SP
AN
4130 - Harry H
oward - T
ulane University
EL PRÓXIMO DÍAConceptos básicos de la morfología
HOET §3.1
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SP
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4130 - Harry H
oward - T
ulane University