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Replanting grapevines using minimal fumigants
Michael McKenry, UC Riverside
In 2006 my MBAO talk was:
Replanting stone fruits with minimal or no fumigation
Hansens 536 Nemaguard
Apply Roundup to old trees and wait one year to replanton a different rootstock to mitigate the rejection component of the replant problem---- there was not a nematode problem at this site.
1 yr fallow > MB
Spring MS > fallow 1 yr
Today I will discuss a vine replant site where there are rejection and nematode components to the replant problem
Rootstock Field Experiment-San Benito Co.
Replant of Chardonnay with or without fumigation plus new
rootstocks(Larry Bettiga 1997-2002)
A methyl bromide application
\\kac\root\personal\MCKENRY\pre-p\\kac\root\personal\MCKEY\pre-plant
The Telone man of 1997
Our drenching equipment for metam sodium
110 lb/ac metam sodium in 3” water
…for attainment of surface control of nematodes
* = indicates a significant difference from the check at P = 0.05 according to Duncan's multiple range test.Fig. 2. Xiphinema index population associated with RS-2 grape rootstock 18 and 24 months after various treatments
0
4
8
12
16
X. in
dex
per
250
cm
3 so
il
MB 1,3D/MS Fallow check
Treatments
18 months
24 months
Nematode control value of nine rootstocks
1.annual soil samples from each rootstock2. Pruning data and yield data in the third and
fourth years
Fig 5. Nematode population associated with 9 grape rootstocks 60 months after various treatments. * = indicates a significant difference from RS-2 at P = 0.05 according to Duncan's multiple range test.
0
10
20
30
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50X.
inde
x p
er 2
50 c
m3
soil
RS-
2
RS-
3
039-
16
Boer
ner
6-19
B
10-1
7A
10-2
3B
8913
-02
8913
-21
Rootstocks tested
MB 1,3D/MS Fallow Untreated ck
* **
*
0
100
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400
M. x
enop
lax
per
250
cm
3 so
il
RS-
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RS-
3
039-
16
Boer
ner
6-19
B
10-1
7A
10-2
3B
8913
-02
8913
-21
Rootstocks tested
B
0
200
400
600
800
T. s
emip
emet
rans
per
250
cm
3 so
il
RS-
2
RS-
3
039-
16
Boer
ner
6-19
B
10-1
7A
10-2
3B
8913
-02
8913
-21
Rootstocks tested
C
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
P. h
amat
us p
er 2
50 c
m3
soil
RS-
2
RS-
3
039-
16
Boer
ner
6-19
B
10-1
7A
10-2
3B
8913
-02
8913
-21
Rootstocks tested
D
A
Chardonnay pruning weights (kg/vine) from nine rootstocks in 2001 + 2002
0
0.51
1.52
2.5
33.5
8913-02RS-38913-2110-23B039-1610-17ABoernerRS-26-19B
TeloneMBuntreated
a a
b a
b
a
a
a
a
aa
b
a a
b aa
a
a
b
a
b
a
c
aa
b
Chardonnay yield (kg/vine) of nine rootstocks in 2001 + 2002
0
5
10
15
20
25
8913-02RS-38913-2110-23B039-1610-17ABoernerRS-26-19B
TeloneMBuntreateda
a
b
a
b
a
b
a
a a
a
b
aa
a a
a
aa
b
aa
b
a
a
b
ab
What is the future of this vineyard?
• 5% of California vineyards have Grapevine Fan Leaf Virus, similar to this test site.
• Two of the 9 rootstocks provided tolerance to GFLV, 039-16 and RS-3. Meanwhile Boernerprovided some tolerance and 10-17A exhibited some tolerance as it aged.
• RS-3 and 10-17A provide broad nematode resistance.
• 10-17A and O39-16 provided tolerance to the rejection component of the replant problem.
Grapevine Fan Leaf Virus can kill some rootstocks….
…or provide various leaf patterns at 3 or 4 years after planting
A new rootstock with X. index resistance but no GFLV tolerance
Symptom expression may include zig zag design along branches
Boerner Rootstock in non fumigated soil after 4 years
The Replant Problem of tree or vine crops can be managed by:
“Starve existing soil ecosystem, replant different parentage”
We need more rootstock choices than we currently have!
Table 1. Rootstock responses to selected soil-borne problemsPest-Disease Problem Harmony Freedom O39-16 RS-3 RS-9 10-17A
Meloidogyne spp R R S R R Raggressive Meloidogyne spp HS HS S R R RPratylenchus vulnus S MR S R R RTylenchulus semipenetrans S S S ss ss ssXiphinema americanum S S S S S SXiphinema index R R R MR R RMesocriconema xenoplax S S S MR S SParatylenchus hamatus S S S R R SRejection component, RP S S T? S S T?Grapevine Fan Leaf Virus IT IT T T ? IT
