REPORT CORUNNA DOWNS PROJECT: SOIL ......Soil Resource Assessment and Waste Characterisation Status: Final December 2016 Project number: 83503495 Child No.: COR-SS-16001 Our ref: CORU-SS-16001_Corunna

REPORT

CORUNNA DOWNS PROJECT: SOIL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT AND WASTE CHARACTERISATIONPrepared for Atlas Iron LimitedDecember 2016

© MWH Australia Pty Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any material form or communicated by

any means without the permission of the copyright owner.

This document is confidential. Neither the whole nor any part of this document may be disclosed to any third party without the prior

written approval of MWH and Atlas Iron Limited.

MWH Australia Pty Ltd undertook the work, and prepared this document, in accordance with specific instructions from Atlas Iron

Limited to whom this document is addressed, within the time and budgetary requirements of Atlas Iron Limited. The conclusions

and recommendations stated in this document are based on those instructions and requirements, and they could change if such

instructions and requirements change or are in fact inaccurate or incomplete.

MWH Australia Pty Ltd has prepared this document using data and information supplied to MWH Australia Pty Ltd, Atlas Iron Limited

and other individuals and organisations, most of whom are referred to in this document. Where possible, throughout the document

the source of data used has been identified. Unless stated otherwise, MWH Australia Pty Ltd has not verified such data and

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on out of context.

The conclusions and recommendations contained in this document reflect the professional opinion of MWH Australia Pty Ltd, using

the data and information supplied. MWH Australia Pty Ltd has used reasonable care and professional judgment in its interpretation

and analysis of the data. The conclusions and recommendations must be considered within the agreed scope of work, and the

methodology used to carry out the work, both of which are stated in this document.

This document was intended for the sole use of Atlas Iron Limited and only for the use for which it was prepared, which is stated in

this document. Any representation in the document is made only to Atlas Iron Limited. MWH Australia Pty Ltd disclaims all liability

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MWH Australia Pty Ltd has conducted environmental field monitoring and/or testing for the purposes of preparing this document.

The type and extent of monitoring and/or testing is described in the document.

Subject to the limitations imposed by the instructions and requirements of Atlas Iron Limited, the monitoring and testing have been

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ordinarily exercised by reputable environmental consultants in similar circumstances. MWH Australia Pty Ltd makes no other

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does not warrant that the maps provided are error free. MWH Australia Pty Ltd does not purport to represent precise locations of

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mapping data (including accuracy, reliability, completeness or suitability) and accepts no liability for any loss, damage or costs

relating to any use of the data.

Corunna Downs Project: Soil Resource Assessment and Waste Characterisation

Status: Final December 2016Project No.: 83503495 Child No.: COR-SS-16001 Our ref: CORU-SS-16001_Corunna Downs Soil and Waste Characterisation_Rev0

This document has been prepared for the benefit of Atlas Iron Limited. No liability is accepted by this company or any employee or sub-consultant of this company with respect to its use by any otherperson.

This disclaimer shall apply notwithstanding that the report may be made available to Atlas Iron Liminted and other persons for an application for permission or approval to fulfil a legal requirement.

QUALITY STATEMENTPROJECT MANAGER PROJECT TECHNICAL LEAD

Matt Braimbridge Tracey Hassell

PREPARED BY

………………………………............... 22/12/2016Bronwyn Smedley/Tala Al-Obaidi

CHECKED BY

………………………………............... 22/12/2016Tracey Hassell

REVIEWED BY

………………………………............... 22/12/2016Matt Braimbridge

APPROVED FOR ISSUE BY

………………………………............... 22/12/2016Matt Braimbridge

PERTH41 Bishop Street, Jolimont , WA 6014TEL +61 (08) 9388 8799, FAX +61 (08) 9388 8633

REVISION SCHEDULE

Rev No.

Date DescriptionSignature or Typed Name (documentation on file)

Prepared by Checked by Reviewed by Approved by

A 2/12/16 Draft for Client Comment BS/TA TH MB MB0 22/12/16 Final BS/TA TH MB MB


Status: Final December 2016Project number: 83503495 Child No.: COR-SS-16001 Our ref: CORU-SS-16001_Corunna Downs Soil and Waste Characterisation_Rev0

Executive Summary

MWH Australia Pty Ltd (MWH) was commissioned by Atlas Iron Limited (Atlas) to complete a baseline soil

survey and waste characterisation programme for the Corunna Downs Project (the Project). The Project

is located approximately 33 kilometres (km) south of the Marble Bar township in the Pilbara region of

Western Australia (WA). The Study Area for the soil survey encompassed an 18,845 hectare (ha) parcel

of land. A separate Public Road Upgrade (PRU) area assessed comprised 655 ha of land.

The aim of the assessment was to characterise the soil and mine waste materials associated with future

mining activities at the Project, to facilitate the development of an initial soil and mine waste inventory, to

identify preliminary rehabilitation and landform design requirements, and associated recommendations for

rehabilitation and mine closure activities.

Seven soil-landform associations were identified within the Study and PRU Areas, , namely ‘calcrete’,

‘granite hillock’ ‘undulating hills and valleys’, ‘drainage lines’, ‘flats’, ‘scree slopes’ and ‘ridgelines’.

The physical, chemical and geochemical characteristics of mine waste materials were assessed from 48

representative waste rock samples collected from drill holes within the Split Rock, Shark Gully and Runway

proposed mine areas; and the Glen Herring area which is not part of the current Project, but has been

identified as having similar lithologies to the proposed mine areas. Review of mine waste lithology

information for the deposits indicated that the mine waste materials can be grouped into seven waste

units, namely, ‘chert’, ‘clastic sediment (shale)’, ‘jaspilite’, ‘jaspilite / BIF’, ‘BIF’, ‘BIF/chert’ and ‘surficial’.

Surface Soil Characteristics

The surface soils assessed from the Corunna Downs Study Area were broadly characterised as follows:

generally shallow (particularly within the ‘scree slopes’ and ‘ridgelines’ landform associations);

typically classed as ‘sandy loams’ or ‘sandy clay loams’;

generally contain a high percentage of coarse material (>2 mm);

predominantly single-grained to weakly-aggregated in structure;

exhibit partial clay dispersion upon severe disturbance;

prone to hardsetting;

‘moderate’ to ‘moderately rapid’ drainage class;

‘low’ to ‘moderate’ water holding capacity;

neutral pH;

predominately non-saline;

typically low in organic carbon and moderate in plant-available nutrients;

non-sodic; and

typically below the limit of reporting (LOR) for the majority of total metals tested, with some samples

reporting concentrations of total Cu and Ni above the site-specific Ecological Investigation Levels

(EILs).



Mine Waste Characteristics

The mine waste materials assessed from the Split Rock, Shark Gully, Runway and Glen Herring area

were broadly characterised as follows:

<2 mm fraction typically classed as ‘loamy sands’ and ‘clay loams’;

exhibited partial clay dispersion, some samples were stable;

prone to hardsetting (clastic sediment (shale) and some BIF samples only);

‘moderate’ water holding capacity;

neutral pH;

predominately non-saline (highest salinity recorded for clastic sediment (shale));

typically low-to-moderate in organic carbon and plant-available nutrients;

predominantly non-sodic;

variable total metal concentrations, mostly above the LOR with some concentrations above EILs for

the ‘clastic sediment (shale)’. Minor exceedances of nickel were recorded at concentrations similar

to topsoil; and

non-acid forming (NAF).

Net Acid Production Potential (NAPP) and NAG results are used to determine the classification of samples

in relation to potential for acid generation. The majority of mine waste samples were classified as NAF.

Two samples (from jaspilite and BIF waste units) were classified as Uncertain based on conflicting NAPP

and NAG results. The NAPP values for the two samples were considered to be very low (0.1 and 0.01 kg

H2SO4/tonne). Both samples had ANC values below detection limit, and low sulfur values. Based on the

low potential for acid generation from these samples, these samples are considered to be NAF and the

overall risk of acid-generation associated with waste rock samples from the Study Area is considered to

be low.

Topsoil Management Recommendations

The surface soils (0 to 0.2 m) from the ‘drainage lines’, ‘flats’, ‘scree slopes’ and ‘ridgelines’ landform

associations are considered a valuable source of rehabilitation material. Generally speaking, the soils

from these landform associations have a high coarse rock fragment content, a moderately rapid hydraulic

conductivity, are predominately non-saline and non-sodic, indicating a low inherent erodibility.

Soil Stripping

Specific topsoil management recommendations which can optimise the success of future rehabilitation

are as follows:

it is recommended that the upper 0.2 m (topsoil) of the soil profiles from the ‘scree slopes’ and

‘ridgelines’, which are likely to comprise the bulk of the mining disturbance area, is stripped and

placed in stockpiles as one soil unit;



any rock fragments, coarse woody debris, surface litter, plant roots and vegetative material present

within the top 0.2 m of the soil profiles should be collected and stockpiled with the topsoil;

machinery operators should minimise the frequency and intensity of disturbance so they do not

compromise the structural integrity of the material; and

soil stripping should occur as close as possible to the time when the proposed disturbance is

scheduled to commence.

Soil Stockpiling

where possible all stripped topsoil material should be paddock-dumped into piles no greater than

two metres in height. The piles should have adequate distance between them so as to create a

series of mounds and troughs;

stockpiles along linear road alignments may be windrowed to the edge of the road;

stockpiles should be reseeded with local, native species as soon as possible; and

excessive traffic and disturbance of the stockpiles should be minimised to prevent erosion.

Mine Waste Management Recommendations

The likely high amount of coarse rock fragments and relatively benign nature of the waste rock (excluding

that of the clastic sediment (shale) and waste units containing a high proportion of fine-grained material

when mined) indicates that the majority waste material is not likely to be ‘hostile’ to the growth of native

vegetation and is likely to be relatively resistant to surface erosion. The clastic sediment (shale) waste

unit is likely to be the most friable and readily weathered of the waste materials, has the highest clay

content, highest salinity, hardsetting characteristics and total metal concentrations. Based on the physical

and chemical characteristics of this unit, these mine wastes are likely to be the most erodible and should

not be placed on the outer surfaces of constructed waste landforms.



Atlas Iron LimitedCorunna Downs Project: Soil Resource Assessment and Waste Characterisation

CONTENTSExecutive Summary ................................................................................................................................. iv 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................5

1.1 Scope and Objectives....................................................................................................................7 2 Description of Project Area ...........................................................................................................7 2.1 Biogeographical Region.................................................................................................................7 2.1.1 Land Use.................................................................................................................................8

2.2 Climate ..........................................................................................................................................8 2.3 Geology ....................................................................................................................................... 10 2.3.1 Regional Geology ................................................................................................................. 10 2.3.2 Local Geology ....................................................................................................................... 10

2.4 Regolith and Soils........................................................................................................................ 11 2.5 Land Systems .............................................................................................................................. 13 2.6 Mine Waste Summary..................................................................................................................15 3 Materials and Methods ................................................................................................................ 16

3.1 Sampling Regime ........................................................................................................................ 16 3.1.1 Surface Soil Samples............................................................................................................16 3.1.2 Mine Waste Rock Samples ...................................................................................................16

3.2 Test Work and Procedures ..........................................................................................................18 4 Results and Discussion ............................................................................................................... 18

4.1 Surface Soils ............................................................................................................................... 18 4.1.1 Surface Soil Morphology Descriptions ..................................................................................18 4.1.2 Soil Physical Characteristics.................................................................................................18

4.1.2.1 Soil profile morphology .........................................................................................................18 4.1.2.2 Soil Texture........................................................................................................................... 19 4.1.2.3 Soil Structure ........................................................................................................................ 20 4.1.2.4 Structural Stability................................................................................................................. 20 4.1.2.5 Soil Strength ......................................................................................................................... 21 4.1.2.6 Hydraulic Conductivity ..........................................................................................................22

4.1.2.7 Soil Water Retention .............................................................................................................23 4.1.3 Soil Chemical Characteristics ...............................................................................................24 4.1.3.1 Soil pH and Electrical Conductivity .......................................................................................24



4.1.3.2 Soil Organic Matter ............................................................................................................... 26 4.1.3.3 Cation Exchange Capacity and Exchangeable Sodium Percentage.....................................27 4.1.3.4 Soil Nutrients ........................................................................................................................ 27 4.1.3.5 Total element concentrations................................................................................................30

4.2 Mine Waste.................................................................................................................................. 30 4.2.1 Sample Descriptions .............................................................................................................30 4.2.2 Physical Characteristics........................................................................................................31 4.2.2.1 Texture.................................................................................................................................. 31 4.2.2.2 Structural Stability................................................................................................................. 31 4.2.2.3 Material Strength .................................................................................................................. 32 4.2.2.4 Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity..........................................................................................33 4.2.2.5 Water Retention Properties...................................................................................................34 4.2.3 Chemical Properties Related to Plant Growth ......................................................................35 4.2.3.1 Soil pH and Electrical Conductivity .......................................................................................35 4.2.3.2 Organic Matter ...................................................................................................................... 36 4.2.3.3 Cation Exchange Capacity and Exchangeable Sodium Percentage.....................................38 4.2.3.4 Plant Available Nutrients.......................................................................................................38 4.2.4 Geochemical Characteristics ................................................................................................39 4.2.4.1 Acid Base Accounting ...........................................................................................................39 4.2.4.2 Mine Waste Multi-element Composition................................................................................40 4.2.4.2.1 GAI........................................................................................................................................ 40 4.2.4.2.2 Total Multi-elements.............................................................................................................. 40 4.2.4.2.3 Leachable Multi-elements .....................................................................................................41 5 Landform Association Mapping ...................................................................................................42 6 Preliminary Soil Resources and Mine Waste Inventory ..............................................................45 7 Conclusions and Recommendations ...........................................................................................46

7.1 Summary of surface soil characteristics and management recommendations ............................50 7.2 Surface Soil Stripping and Stockpiling Recommendations ..........................................................52 7.2.1 Soil stripping ......................................................................................................................... 52 7.2.2 Soil stockpiling ...................................................................................................................... 52

7.3 Summary of Mine Waste Characteristics and Management Recommendations .........................53 7.4 Preliminary Waste Landform Design Recommendations.............................................................55 8 References.................................................................................................................................. 56

LIST OF TABLESTable 2-1: Soil units located within the Corunna Downs Project Area ...................................................11 Table 2-2: Land Systems occurring within the Project Area ....................................................................13 Table 2-3: Summary of anticipated waste rock volumes from the Project area .......................................15 Table 4-1: Summary for Emerson Aggregate Test results for surface soils.............................................21



Table 4-2: Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) values for surface soils...............................................23 Table 4-3: Summary for Emerson Aggregate Test results for mine waste (<2mm fraction) ....................32 Table 4-4: Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) values for waste rock .................................................34 Table 6-1: Preliminary soil resource inventory for the proposed disturbance foot print in the Study Area

(not includinig PRU Area)........................................................................................................46 Table 6-2: Preliminary mine waste inventory for the Corunna Project .....................................................46 Table 7-1: Summary of physical and chemical characteristics of surface soil from the Corunna Downs

Study Area .............................................................................................................................. 48 Table 7-2: Summary of physical, chemical and geochemical characteristics of mine waste rock from the

Corunna Downs Study Area....................................................................................................49 Table 8-1: Classification scheme for identification of potential AMD risk.................................................10 Table 8-2: Summary of sample specific EIL trigger values for the topsoil samples. ................................11 Table 8-3: Summary of EIL trigger values used for the seven waste units ..............................................13 Table 8-4: Assessment criteria for multi-elements in soil materials. ........................................................14 Table 8-5: Assessment criteria for leachable elements in DI water solution............................................15

LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1-1: Regional location of the Corunna Downs Project ....................................................................6 Figure 2-1: Climate data for Marble Bar Weather Station (Station ID 004106; BOM, 2016)......................9 Figure 2-2: Soil units and sample locations within the Project Area ........................................................12 Figure 2-3: Land Systems and sample locations within the Project area.................................................14 Figure 3-1: Location of surface soil sample sites and soil description sites.............................................17 Figure 4-1: Surface soil average particle size distribution and soil texture triangle plot ..........................19 Figure 4-2: Individual and average coarse material content values for surface soils...............................20 Figure 4-3: Individual and average MOR values for surface soils............................................................22 Figure 4-4: Water retention curves for selected surface soil samples .....................................................24 Figure 4-5: Individual and average soil pH (CaCl2) values for surface soils ............................................25 Figure 4-6: Individual and average soil pH (H2O) values for surface soils ...............................................25 Figure 4-7: Individual and average EC (dS/m) values for surface soils ...................................................26 Figure 4-8: Individual and average soil organic carbon (%) values for surface soils ...............................27 Figure 4-9: Individual and average plant-available nitrogen (mg/kg) concentrations for surface soils.....28 Figure 4-10: Individual and average plant-available phosphorus (mg/kg) concentrations for surface

soils ..................................................................................................................................... 29 Figure 4-11: Individual and average plant-available potassium (mg/kg) concentrations for surface soils29 Figure 4-12: Individual and average plant-available sulfur (mg/kg) concentrations for surface soils.......30 Figure 4-13: Average particle size distribution of the soil-sized fraction (<2 mm) of mine waste

samples............................................................................................................................... 31 Figure 4-14: Average MOR values for mine waste (<2mm fraction) ........................................................33



Figure 4-15: Water retention characteristics of mine waste rock samples collected from the Split Rock

deposit ................................................................................................................................ 35 Figure 4-16: Average soil pH (CaCl2) values for mine waste samples.....................................................36 Figure 4-17: Average EC (dS/m) values for waste rock samples.............................................................37 Figure 4-18: Individual and average SOC (%) values for waste rock samples ........................................37 Figure 4-19: Geochemical classification chart for mine waste samples collected from the Study Area...40 Figure 5-1: Landform associations within the Corunna Downs Study Area .............................................43 Figure 5-2: Landform associations within the Corunna Downs within the PRU Area...............................44

APPENDICESAppendix A Sample Collection and Analysis Summary Appendix B Soil Sample Site Descriptions Appendix C Analytical Results Tables Appendix D Laboratory Reports Appendix E Methods Descriptions


Status: Final December 2016Project No.: 83503495 Child No.: COR-SS-16001 Page 5 Our ref: CORU-SS-16001_Corunna Downs Soil and Waste Characterisation_Rev0

1 Introduction

MWH Australia Pty Ltd (MWH) was commissioned by Atlas Iron Limited (Atlas) to complete an assessment

of soil resources and characterisation of mine waste materials for the proposed Corunna Downs Project

(the Project). An initial baseline soil and waste characterisation study for the Corunna Downs Project was

undertaken by MWH in 2013. The proposed mine plan and disturbance area has since been revised and

additional information relating to the mining targets (including new open pit areas: Runway Pit, Shark Gully

and Razorback, as well as previous planned open pit - Split Rock) and the extent of planned disturbance

related to infrastructure and transport corridors, including the Public Road Upgrade (PRU) is now

available. This assessment combines the previous baseline assessment data and findings with information

obtained from the additional disturbance areas to provide an updated assessment of surface soil

resources and mine waste characterisation for the Project.

The Project is located approximately 33 kilometres (km) south of the Marble Bar township, in the Pilbara

Region of Western Australia (Figure 1-1). The total Study Area for this assessment encompassed

approximately 19,500 hectare (ha) area of land, including the 18,845 ha Mine Site Area and the 655 ha

PRU area. The combined Study area includes the mine, infrastructure and transport corridor areas (Study

Area) and the PRU Area (Application Area).

The overall aim of the soil assessment and mine waste characterisation programme was to assess the

potential soil resources and mine waste materials present, to identify potentially problematic materials,

and identify materials that may be suitable for use as a rehabilitation resource. It is intended that the

information presented within this report be used to facilitate mine planning and approval processes related

to rehabilitation, mine waste handling, landform design and mine closure planning, via the optimal use of

available soil resources and mine waste materials in rehabilitation prescriptions.



Figure 1-1: Regional location of the Corunna Downs Project



1.1 Scope and ObjectivesA baseline soil and waste characterisation study for the original Corunna Downs Project was undertaken

by MWH (formerly Outback Ecology) in 2013. The baseline assessment objectives were to assess the

characteristics of topsoil, subsoil and mine waste materials within the Mine Site Study Area, to identify

potentially problematic materials and identify materials that were suitable for use as rehabilitation

resources. The Study Area comprised the area of major disturbance associated with mining (Split Rock

open pit) and infrastructure known at that time. The assessment outcome provided a broad assessment

of surface soils within the area, and an assessment of characteristics of mine waste associated with the

Split Rock deposit. Recommendations were also provided for surface soil stripping and stockpiling.

Updates to the original mine plan associated with the Project have been made. Additional information

relating to the extent of mining targets (including new open pits: Runway, Shark Gully and Razorback)

and the extent of planned disturbance related to infrastructure and associated transport corridors is now

available. Therefore, the key objective of the Phase 2 study is to combine the information available from

the original assessment with the new information (including extent of disturbance, and additional mine

waste samples) to assist with rehabilitation, mine waste handling, landform design and mine closure

planning related to the updated Project.

Specifically the objectives of the Phase 2 soil and waste characterisation study were to:

Extrapolate current baseline soil information to the refined disturbance footprint;

Assess the physical, chemical and geochemical characteristics of mine waste materials from

available drill samples associated with proposed pit areas not previously assessed (including

Runway Pit, Shark Gully and Razor Back) and other areas with similar geology (Glen Herring);

Provide updated recommendations for soil stripping, handling and stockpiling, and identify any

potentially problematic materials that may affect landform design options and associated

rehabilitation parameters; and

Update the soil and waste inventory with refined volumes of materials likely to be available during

mining operations.

2 Description of Project Area

2.1 Biogeographical RegionThe Project is located within the Chichester sub-bioregion which encompasses 47% (83,700 km2) of the

Pilbara bioregion (McKenzie et al., 2009). The Pilbara bioregion has a semi-desert tropical climate, with

active drainage in the Fortescue, De Grey and Ashburton River systems (McKenzie et al., 2003). The

Chichester sub-bioregion is characterised by undulating Archaean granite and basalt plains with

significant areas of basalt ranges (Kendrick and McKenzie, 2001). The northern part of this sub-bioregion

is relatively flat and undulating, being dominated by large alluvial floodplains associated with the De Grey



River system and its tributaries (McKenzie et al., 2003). The Project is associated with ranges in the

upper catchment area of the De Grey river system. The local area is dominated by an approximately

north-south ironstone range, elevated above low, rolling hills, stony plains dominated by Triodia spp.

hummocky grasslands and drainage systems.

The Chichester Plateau is drained to the north by numerous rivers in the De Grey and Port Hedland

hydrographic basins which either discharge into the ocean or into marshy flats. Groundwater, originating

from direct rainfall infiltration and runoff, occurs throughout the region in the Precambrian basement rocks,

Phanerozoic sedimentary basins and Cainozoic deposits. Groundwater is generally readily available and

of good quality with low levels of nutrients, contaminants and salinity. Most of the Pilbara groundwater

salinities are less than 3,000 mg/L TDS (fresh) (Eberhard et al. 2005).

2.1.1 Land UseLand tenure in the Pilbara consists primarily of pastoral leases, with other crown reserves, such as

Aboriginal reserves, and leasehold reserves (McKenzie et al., 2003). National parks and reserves, and

unallocated crown land are the other major land use categories present in the region (McKenzie et al.,

2003). In the Chichester subregion, the dominant land uses are pastoralism (i.e. grazing of native pasture

by cattle), Aboriginal lands and reserves, vacant crown land and crown reserves, conservation, and mining

(Kendrick and McKenzie, 2001). The Chichester subregion has 6.6% of its land surface reserved under

some form of conservation tenure, including the Abydos-Woodstock reserve (60 km west of the Study

Area), Millstream-Chichester National Park (190 km west), Mungaroona Range Nature Reserve (116 km

south-west) and Meentheena ex-pastoral lease (54 km east) (Kendrick and McKenzie, 2001).

The majority of the Study Area lies within the Panorama (90%) and Eginbah Pastoral Stations (1%) and

the remaining (9%) comprises unallocated crown land. Evidence of pastoral activity is widespread in the

Study Area particularly around water holes and drainage lines, with cattle, pasture grasses such as Buffel

Grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) and land degradation frequently observed in such areas. Historically, mining

activity has been highly active in the vicinity of the Study Area, and in the western portion of the Study

Area which possess a legacy of tracks, clearings, small mining camps and abandoned shafts.

2.2 ClimateThe Study Area is located within the northern section of the Pilbara bioregion, which experiences a semi-

arid climate characterised by hot, humid summers and relatively warm, dry winters (BOM, 2016). In the

ith

low rainfall (BOM, 2016).

Tropical cyclones typically occur between January and April, bringing sporadic drenching rainfall events

(Leighton 2004). The closest Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) weather station to the Study Area is located

at Marble Bar (Station Number 004106, previously Station Number 004020), situated approximately 33

km to the north of the Project area .



Summer in the Pilbara occurs from December to February when the mean maximum temperature for

Marble Bar is 41.8°Celcius (C) and the mean minimum temperature is 27.1°C (Figure 2-1). Over the

whole year, Marble Bar averages 98 days above 40° C (Leighton 2004). Winter occurs from June to

August when the mean maximum temperature for Marble Bar is 30.3°C and the mean minimum

temperature is 12°C (Figure 2-1). Weather data collected from Marble Bar indicates that rainfall occurs

mainly in the first half of the year with a mean average rainfall of approximately 370 millimetres (mm)

(BOM, 2016). Rainfall within the Study Area can be highly localised and unpredictable with substantial

fluctuations occurring from year to year.

Figure 2-1: Climate data for Marble Bar Weather Station (Station ID 004106; BOM, 2016)

Pan evaporation was measured over a 16 year period between 1968 and 1988 (Station ID 004020).

Average daily evaporation ranged between 5.4 mm in June and July, to 12.9 mm in December (BOM,

2016). While the data is aged, based on the climate characteristics, evaporation is likely to exceed rainfall

for the majority of the year, including during the wet season (December to April). Runoff and seepage

associated with recharge is possible, but is likely to be dependent on the duration and intensity of

successive rainfall events. For the majority of the year (April to November) runoff is likely to be associated

with intermittent, short duration storm events. Average rainfall during this period is generally less than 20

mm, therefore generation of significant volumes of seepage is less likely. Runoff and seepage generation

during the wet season is likely to be associated with high volume and high intensity rainfall events, and

while seepage generation is probable, runoff and associated sediment erosion is likely to be of greater

consideration in the design of waste landforms, and the management of potentially problematic soil and

mine waste materials.

0

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Mean rainfall Mean evaporationMean max. temp. Mean min. temp.



2.3 Geology2.3.1 Regional GeologyThe Project area encompasses the Coongan and Kelly greenstone belt features in the Archean East

Pilbara Craton. The belts extend approximately 60 km south of the Glen Herring area (a potential deposit

not included in the current Project Area) and are flanked by the Shaw granitoid complex to the west and

the Corunna Downs granitoid complex to the east. The greenstone terrane in the East Pilbara Craton,

comprises a lower greenstone sequence dominated by mafic volcanics grading irregularly into felsic

volcanics and sediments. The greenstone package is assigned to the Pilbara Supergroup and includes

metamorphosed mafic to ultramafic rocks, felsic to intermediate volcanics, amphibolite, clastic sediments

(sandstone, shale and siltstone), mafic to ultramafic intrusive sills, chert and Banded Iron-Formation.

Metamorphic grades vary from widespread greenschist facies to amphibolite or hornblende-hornfels facies

along the contacts with granitic complexes. The regional granitoid complexes are composed of gneissic

granitoid and migmatite in large, dome-shaped intrusions (Atlas, 2014).

2.3.2 Local GeologyLocally, the geology in the vicinity of the Project area comprises Cleaverville Formation rocks of the Gorge

Creek Group located in the Coongan greenstone belt. The dominant lithotypes in the Project area are

banded iron formation, chert and volcanically derived clastic sediments (commonly shales). The banded

iron formation rocks are associated with jaspilite, and interbedded cherts and goethite-rich units. Thicker

shale and sandstone sediments are typically recessive and outcrop is generally limited to areas of

significant relief. The shales contain variable iron content, and in the vicinity of the Spilt Rock deposit are

sulfidic (contain pyrite) and carbonaceous below the weathering horizon.

The iron ore is distributed through mineralised banded iron formation units, and in some of the deposits

outcrops as massive geothitic ironstone with slightly vuggy-botryoidal to massive-compact textures. Other

ore units include goethitic banded ironstone and haematitic ironstone. Ore morphology is described by

deposit below (Atlas, 2014).

Glen Herring area geology is characterised by north-south trending macrobands of goethite-

haematite rich iron ore with interbanded jaspelitic, banded iron formation and chert and shale units.

Glen Herring is not part of the current Project area.

Shark Gully deposit is situated in the central core of a synform. Surrounding rock units include

mineralised banded iron formation and cherty and shale units that are interbedded within the ore.

The mineralisation is bound by underlying high-magnesium, unmineralised banded iron formation.

Razorback deposit occurs as a northwest striking zone of haemataite and goethite rich ore hosted

in a sequence of enriched and mineralised banded iron formation and interbedded cherts. The ore

outcrops at the surface and extends to a depth of 150 metres below ground surface (mbgs).

Runway deposit occurs as a sheet of haematite and goethite enriched ore that outcrops at the

surface and extend to 180 mbgs.



2.4 Regolith and SoilsThe Cleaverville Formation is overlain by weathered iron-rich regolith and/or thin, loose Tertiary soils. The

Tertiary weathering are dominated by three regolith types:

Massive, bedded or pisolitic goethite-limonite laterite (ferricrete);

Silcrete; and

Quatz-limontite-clay laterite.

The ferricretes are best preserved in local depressions on top of ridge areas, and in palaeo-drainage

channels. Thicknesses range from less than two meters thick up to ten metres. The ferricrete mostly has

a porous pisolitic or earthy lateritic texture, but can occur with sandy or gritty texture in the south east of

the Project area. Silcrete commonly occurs along the flanks of ridges, underlying a thin veneer of ferricrete.

It is often massive, and yellow-brown in colour. The quartz-limonite-clay regolith is developed over areas

of clastic sediment and in some drainage lines. The quartz-limonite-clay regolith is typically yellow to light

brown and comprises sand-sized quartz and limonite stained clay and silt derived from wreathing of the

clastic sedimentary basement rocks.

Based on the reference Soil Units (ASRIS, 2014) two soil types were present in the Project area (Table 2-1; and Figure 2-2). The majority of the Project area and is characterised by shallow, dissected stony

soils (Oa11) and brown loams (GF1). Some of the western section of the Study area is characterised by

the hard red (Fa12) soil units.

Table 2-1: Soil units located within the Corunna Downs Project AreaSoil Unit

Code Summary Description

Fa12Earthy loams and coarse sands overlying granite. In topographical lows, red earths may dominate, with hard red soils and coarse soils along creek lines. Minor areas of calcareous loams are associated with calcrete.

Gf1Soils are generally shallow and stony, with large areas of no soil over exposed rock outcrop. Dominant soils are brown loams with earthy loams. Slightly thicker soils may occur on lower slopes and valley floors.

Oa11Dissected stony pediments and hills occurring at the foot of unit Gf1. Soils comprise hard alkaline red soils with remnant residual mesas of basement rock. Shallow soils are associated with rock outcrops, with cracking clays and calcareous loams over basic basement rocks.

Data Source: Australian Soil resource Information system (ASRIS, 2014)



Data Source: Australian Soil resource Information system (ASRIS, 2014)

Figure 2-2: Soil units and sample locations within the Project Area



2.5 Land SystemsA regional survey was undertaken in the Pilbara region between 1995 and 1999 by the Department of

Agriculture (now the Department of Agriculture and Food) and the Department of Land Administration

(now Landgate) to develop a comprehensive description of the biophysical resources and assess the

vegetation composition and soil condition within the region. This information was used by Van Vreeswyk

et al., (2004) to classify and map the land systems of the Pilbara according to similarities in landform, soil,

vegetation, geology and geomorphology.

The Study Area is comprised of eight Land Systems, of which the Rocklea and Capricorn Land Systems

occupy the most area (Table 2-2; and Figure 2-3).

Table 2-2: Land Systems occurring within the Project Area

Extent in Study Area

Land System Description Hectares

(ha)Percent

(%)

Rocklea Basalt hills, plateaux, lower slopes and minor stony plains supporting hard (and occasionally soft spinifex) grasslands 11,576 60%

Capricorn Hills and ridges of sandstone and dolomite supporting low shrublands or shrubby spinifex grasslands 4,086 21%

Talga Hills and ridges of greenstone and chert and stony plains supporting hard and soft spinifex grasslands 2,191 11%

Granitic Rugged granitic hills supporting shrubby hard and soft spinifex grasslands 294 2%

Macroy Sandy/Stony plains and occasional tor fields based on granite supporting hard and soft spinifex shrubby grasslands 115 1%

River

Narrow, seasonally active flood plains and major river channels supporting moderately close, tall shrublands or woodlands of acacias and fringing communities of eucalypts sometimes with tussock grasses or spinifex

314 2%

Boolgeeda Stony lower slopes and plains below hill systems supporting hard and soft spinifex grasslands or mulga shrublands 482 2%

Satirist Stony plains and low rises supporting hard spinifex grasslands, and gilgai plains supporting tussock grasslands 385 2%

TOTAL 19,443 100%

Land systems data source: (Van Vreeswyk et al., 2004)



Data Source: (Van Vreeswyk et al., 2004)

Figure 2-3: Land Systems and sample locations within the Project area



2.6 Mine Waste SummaryEstimate volumes of mined waste materials from each of the five deposits are summarised by lithology in

Table 2-3. A Waste Characterisation study was undertaken by Atlas for the original Split Rock deposit

prior to engaging MWH to undertake a more formal assessment of mine waste materials for the deposit.

The only lithology that was found to have elevated sulfur was the carbonaceous shale (geozone 102)

located in the footwall of the Spilt Rock open pit. This shale unit also represented the highest volume of

anticipated waste material from that deposit. Manganese was found to be slightly elevated in most

geozone units, and silica, aluminium, magnesium, potassium, calcium and titanium were elevated in

clastic sediment and chert units (geozone, 102, 104, 112 and 113). Metal and metalloid elements were

not included in the original geochemical assessment for Spilt Rock (Atlas, 2014).

Table 2-3: Summary of anticipated waste rock volumes from the Project area

Geozone Code Lithology Volume (bcm) Volume (tonnes)Split Rock101,106,108 Jaspilite 577,915 1,449,551102, 112, 113 Clastic sediment (shale) 1,508,360 3,012,433103, 105, 107, 109 Banded Iron Formation 833,188 2,121,286104 Chert 164,328 348,200110 Shale/Chert 47,108 104,626

111 Jaspilite/ Banded Iron Formation 374,015 867,524

TOTAL 3,504,914 7,903,620Razorback102, 104, 106 Chert 189,572 441,299103, 105 Banded Iron Formation 283,041 660,041TOTAL 472,613 1,101,340Runway

103, 106 Clastic sediment (siltstone and shale) 8,905 19,342

104, 109 Banded Iron Formation 613,156 1,458,727105, 108 Chert 11,492 26,368TOTAL 633,553 1,504,437Shark Gully102 Banded Iron Formation 333,327 895,365

Data Source: (Atlas, 2016).



3 Materials and Methods

3.1 Sampling Regime3.1.1 Surface Soil SamplesThe baseline field survey was conducted by MWH (then Outback Ecology) in March 2014. A total of 53

‘surface’ soil samples were collected from 31 sites located within the Mine Site Study Area (Figure 3-1).

At each sampling site, the soil was described (soil profile morphology, soil structure, root distribution)

based on the Australian Soil and Land Survey Handbook (McDonald et al. 1998). Soil samples were

collected using hand tools, with sites chosen to represent the range of landforms and associated soils

present in the Project area. At several soil sampling sites, only one sample depth was able to be collected,

as soils were thin and competent, rocky substrate restricted excavation to approximately 0.1 mbgs.

The phase 2 field survey was conducted in July 2016. A total of seven field observation sites were recorded

in the Corridor Study Area (Figure 3-1). The sites were chosen to represent additional disturbance areas

within the proposed infrastructure and transport corridor areas. The sites were chosen to enable

extrapolation of data collected and findings made during the initial soil survey, including new landform

types encountered in those areas. A summary of samples is provided in Table A-1: Appendix A

3.1.2 Mine Waste Rock SamplesThe mine waste samples for the Spilt Rock deposit were sent to MWH in March 2014. Samples comprised

23 drill core samples (including sub-samples) collected from five different drill holes within the proposed

Split Rock open pit footprint. The samples were selected by Atlas personnel to be representative of waste

rock lithologies from that deposit.

Mine waste samples for the Runway and Shark Gully deposits were selected by MWH from available drill

core and reverse circulation drill chip samples. Samples were also selected from the Glen Herring area,

which has similar geological units to the planned mining areas. Samples from Razorback were not

available for collection due to disturbance at the drill sites. A total of 25 additional samples were chosen

to be representative of the different waste lithologies from the three deposits.

A summary of the selected samples, drill holes and lithologies is provided in Table A-2: Appendix A.



Figure 3-1: Location of surface soil sample sites and soil description sites



3.2 Test Work and ProceduresThe soil survey was conducted in accordance with the Western Australia (WA) Department of Mines and

Petroleum (DMP), Guidelines for Mining Proposals in Western Australia (DMP 2016) and the

Commonwealth Department of the Environment and Energy Leading Practice Sustainable Development

Program for the Mining Industry (DRET 2006). Geochemical testwork procedures and analytical methods

were performed in accordance with the methodologies set out in the Global Acid Rock Drainage (GARD)

Guide (INAP, 2009), and Department of Environment Regulation (DER) ‘Assessment and Management of

Contaminated Sites’ (DER, 2014).

Soil physical testwork (with the exception of particle size distribution) was conducted by MWH staff in the

MWH in-house Soils Laboratory. Analysis of Particle size distribution and soil chemical testwork was

conducted at CSBP Soil and Plant Laboratory. Geochemical testwork, including total element analysis

was conducted at ALS Environmental Laboratory. Summaries of methods for analysis and interpretation

of results are provided in Appendix D (Original laboratory reports for CSBP and ALS) and Appendix E.

A summary of testwork conducted on each samples is provided in Table A-1 and Table A-2: Appendix A.

4 Results and Discussion

4.1 Surface Soils4.1.1 Surface Soil Morphology DescriptionsA description of the surface soil characteristics and ground surface at each site has been documented

(Appendix B), with a summary of the measured physical, chemical and morphological parameters

tabulated for each site (Appendix C and D). The vegetation descriptions given for each site are based

on observations made by MWH personnel in the field. Individual soil characteristics are discussed in

further detail in Sections 4.1.2 and 4.1.3.

4.1.2 Soil Physical Characteristics4.1.2.1 Soil profile morphology

The surface soil profiles within the Study Area exhibited considerable variation in terms of morphological

characteristics, based on their occurrence within different landscape positions on naturally occurring

landform features. Within the Study Area, seven distinct landform associations were identified, namely:

‘calcrete’, ‘granite hillock’ , undulating hills and valleys’, ‘drainage lines’, ‘flats’, ‘scree slopes’ and

‘ridgelines’. Soils on granite hillocks were absent or very thin so no samples were collected in this landform

association.

The Study Area is dominated by ridgelines, scree slopes and undulating hills. Consequently the surface

soils were typically shallow and dominated by a high proposition of coarse fragments. There were some

weak-to-moderate aggregates within some samples, however the majority of the soils were single-grained.

Competent rocky outcrops were common, particularly at locations high in the landscape. The soil



observation sites visited in the 2016 survey were found to have similar surface soil characteristics to the

sample sites visited in the 2014 survey.

4.1.2.2 Soil Texture

There were a range of particle size distributions exhibited by the surface soils throughout the Study Area,

with soil textures ranging from loamy sand (approximately 5% clay) to light/medium clay (approximately

40 to 45% clay) (Figure 4-1). The soil sized fraction (<2 mm) of the majority of the soil samples were

classed as sandy loams or sandy clay loams.

Soils located higher in the landscape, from the ‘scree slopes’ and ‘ridgeline’ landform associations, were

typically classed as sandy loams to sandy clay loams. Soil located lower in the landscape from the

‘calcrete’, ‘undulating hills and valleys’, ‘drainage lines’ and ‘flats’ landform associations, contained slightly

higher clay contents and were typically classed as sandy clay loams to light clays.

Figure 4-1: Surface soil average particle size distribution and soil texture triangle plot

Coarse material content (>2 mm) content was variable, ranging between 5.8 and 81.5%, and largely

dependent on position within the landscape (Figure 4-2). The average coarse material content was lowest

in soils from the ‘calcrete’ landform association, and highest in soils from the ‘scree slopes’ and ‘ridgeline’

landform associations.



Notes: Error bars represent standard error

Figure 4-2: Individual and average coarse material content values for surface soils

4.1.2.3 Soil Structure

The surface soils within the Study Area were typically either single-grained or weakly-aggregated in

structure. The soils located lower in the landscape (‘calcrete’, ‘undulating hills and valleys’, ‘flats’,

‘drainage lines’) typically contained weak-to-moderate strength aggregates. Soils located higher in the

landscape (‘scree slopes’ and ‘ridgelines’) were mostly single-grained.

4.1.2.4 Structural Stability

The majority of the soils from the Study Area were identified as either Emerson Class 3a (slaking,

remoulded soil dispersed completely), Emerson Class 3b (slaking, remoulded soil dispersed partially) or

Emerson Class 5 (slaked, 1:5 soil to water remains dispersed) (Table 4-1). Three samples (from the

‘undulating hills’ and ‘calcrete’ areas low in the landscape), were identified as Emerson Class 2 (slaking,

soil dispersed partially). These partially dispersive soil materials have the potential to become problematic

(e.g. hardsetting, low infiltration, high erodibility) particularly following severe disturbance (e.g.

earthworks) or heavy rainfall. Care should be taken to minimise the handling of these soil materials where

possible, particularly when wet, with consideration given to the appropriate placement of dispersive

materials in reconstructed soil profiles and waste landforms.

Seven samples were identified as Emerson Class 4 (slaking, contained gypsum/carbonates). Samples

identified as Emerson Class 4 were again located lower in the landscape, found within the ‘calcrete’ and

‘flats’ landform associations.



Table 4-1: Summary for Emerson Aggregate Test results for surface soils

Landform Association

Depth (m)

Number of

samplesEmerson

Class1 Description

Calcrete0 to 0.1 3 2 and 4

Slaked, class 2 soils with partial dispersion (Class 2) and carbonates/gypsum present in some samples (Class 4)

0.1 to 0.2 3 4 Slaked, carbonates/gypsum present

Undulating hills and valleys

0 to 0.1 3 2, 3b and 6

Slaked, class 2 soils with partial dispersion and some samples stable (Class 6)

0.1 to 0.2 3 2, 5 and 6 Slaked, class 2 soils with partial dispersion and some samples stable (Class 6)

Drainage lines0 to 0.1 5 3a, 3b

and 5Slaked, soils dispersive on disturbance (Class 3a), some soils may be dispersive on wetting (Class 5)

0.1 to 0.2 5 3a, 3b and 5

Slaked, soils dispersive on disturbance (Class 3a), some soils may be dispersive on wetting (Class 5)

Flats0 to 0.1 1 4 Slaked, carbonates/gypsum present

0.1 to 0.2 1 4 Slaked, carbonates/gypsum present

Scree slopes0 to 0.1 8 3a, 3b


0.1 to 0.2 3 3a to 3b Slaked, soils partially to completely dispersive on disturbance

Ridge lines0 to 0.1 11 3a, 3b


0.1 to 0.2 7 3a, 3b and 5

Slaked, soils dispersive on disturbance (Class 3a),some soils may be dispersive on wetting (Class 5)

Notes:1 Emerson Class (after Moore, 1998)Shading represent good moderate and poor soil structural stability characteristics based on lowest class present

4.1.2.5 Soil Strength

MOR results for the surface soils were highly variable, ranging between 0.0 and 595.8 kPa. The majority

of the soil samples from the ‘flats’, ‘drainage lines’ and ‘ridgelines’ landform associations reported values

below the 60 kPa threshold, and are therefore not considered prone to hardsetting (Figure 4-3). The

majority of the soil samples from the ‘calcrete’, ‘undulating hills and valleys’ and ‘scree slopes’ landform

associations reported values above the 60 kPa threshold, and are therefore considered particularly prone

to hardsetting. The highest MOR results were recorded by samples from the ‘calcrete’ landform

association, ranging between 44.5 and 595.8 kPa, followed by samples from the ‘undulating hills and

valleys’ landform association, ranging between 141.8 and 389.9 kPa.



Notes: Error bars represent standard error. Red line indicates 60 kPa threshold for potential restrictions to plant and root

development.

Figure 4-3: Individual and average MOR values for surface soils

4.1.2.6 Hydraulic Conductivity

The drainage class of the soil samples from the Study Area ranged between ‘slow’ and ‘very rapid’ (Table 4-2). The majority of the samples were classed as ‘moderate’ or ‘moderately rapid’. Samples that

contained a higher percentage of coarse material (>2 mm fraction) generally reported a more rapid

hydraulic conductivity. The surface soils are considered relatively free-draining, however the Ksat values

are likely to decrease substantially if the soils are heavily compacted.



Table 4-2: Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) values for surface soils

Landform association Site Depth

(m) Soil textureCorse

fragments (%)

Ksat(mm/hr) Drainage Class

CalcreteCDS01 0 to 0.1 Silty loam 6 2.1 SlowCDS22 0 to 0.1 Sandy clay loam 70 61.7 Moderate

Undulating hills and valleys CDS08 0 to 0.1 Sandy clay loam 35 87.2 Moderately rapid

Drainage linesCDS04 0 to 0.1 Sandy loam 8 50.4 ModerateCDS16 0 to 0.1 Sandy clay loam 57 37.5 ModerateCDS27 0 to 0.1 Sand 75 >260 Very rapid

Flats CDS24 0 to 0.1 Sandy clay loam 64 66.8 Moderately rapid

Scree slopesCDS07 0 to 0.1 Sandy loam 75 72.8 Moderately rapidCDS29 0 to 0.1 Sandy Loam 70 146 Rapid

RidgelinesCDS11 0 to 0.1 Sandy clay loam 70 225 RapidCDS15 0 to 0.1 Sandy clay loam 62 30.1 ModerateCDS26 0 to 0.1 Sandy clay loam 68 118 Moderately rapid

Notes:Shading represent good moderate and poor characteristics related to infiltration of surface water

4.1.2.7 Soil Water Retention

The water retention characteristics of ten surface soil samples were assessed. The samples comprised

soils from the ‘calcrete’, ‘undulating hills and valleys’, ‘ridgeline’, ‘drainage line’ and ‘scree slopes’ soil

associations.

There was significant variation in the water retention characteristics between the different soil associations

(Figure 4-4). As the water pressure increases the amount of water that is held within the pores of the soil

materials is reduced. The soil water (% volume) at 10 kPa is considered to be the field capacity of the

soil (upper storage capacity [USL]) and 1500 kPa is considered to be the wilting point (lower storage limit

[LSL]) of the soil. Field capacity is the percentage of water remaining in a soil two or three days after it

has been saturated and free drainage has practically ceased. Wilting point is the percentage of water in

the soil at which plants wilt and fail to recover.

The USL (% volume; <2 mm fraction) ranged between 23.0 and 43.2%. This means that when the soil

samples are at field capacity, 23.0 to 43.2% of the volume (<2 mm fraction) is comprised of water. The

LSL ranged between 12.5 and 27.5%. This means that when the soil samples are at wilting point 12.5 to

27.5% of the volume is comprised of water. The plant-available water (PAW), (% volume) of the soil

fraction (<2 mm) ranged between 5.9 and 25.3% (i.e. USL minus LSL).

Taking the percentage of coarse material into consideration, the USL of both the soil and coarse fractions

combined (i.e. the total material) ranged between 5.8 and 40.7%. The PAW content of the coarse and

fine fractions ranged between 1.5 and 14.8%. These are relatively low PAW values, but are typical of

weathered surface soils in the Pilbara region, particularly those with moderate to high coarse material

contents.



Notes: curve is representative of average values for each landform association

Figure 4-4: Water retention curves for selected surface soil samples

4.1.3 Soil Chemical Characteristics4.1.3.1 Soil pH and Electrical Conductivity

There was significant variation in soil pH values between the soils from the Study Area (Figure 4-5 and

Figure 4-6). Soil pH (CaCl2) ranged between pH 4.5 (moderately acidic) and pH 8.7 (strongly alkaline).

Soils located higher in the landscape (‘scree slopes’ and ‘ridgelines’ landform associations) were typically

more acidic, with the majority of samples classed as ‘slightly acidic’ or ‘moderately acidic’. Soils located

lower in the landscape (‘calcrete’, ‘undulating hills and valleys’, ‘drainage lines’ and ‘flats’) were more

neutral or alkaline. The majority of the samples from the ‘undulating hills and valleys’ and ‘drainage lines’



landform associations were classed as ‘neutral’. Samples from the ‘calcrete’ and ‘flats’ landform

association were classed as either ‘moderately alkaline’ or ‘strongly alkaline’.

Notes: error bars represent standard error

Figure 4-5: Individual and average soil pH (CaCl2) values for surface soils


Figure 4-6: Individual and average soil pH (H2O) values for surface soils



The EC of the soils from the Study Area ranged between less than 0.01 dS/m (non-saline), and 3.47 dS/m

(extremely saline). Overall, the majority of the soil samples were classed as either ‘non-saline’ (Figure 4-7), with the exception of samples collected from the ‘calcrete’ landform association which were classed

as either ‘very saline’ or ‘extremely saline’. Samples from site CDS08 from the ‘undulating hills and

valleys’ landform association also reported high EC values of 1.36 dS/m (very saline) and 2.92 dS/m

(extremely saline). With the exception of the sites from the ‘calcrete’ landform association and site CDS08

from the ‘undulating hills and valleys’ landform association, the soils from the Study Area are considered

‘non-saline’.


Figure 4-7: Individual and average EC (dS/m) values for surface soils

4.1.3.2 Soil Organic Matter

The SOC% of the soil samples ranged between 0.14% and 1.44% (Figure 4-8). These results are

considered ‘low’ (<1% SOC) to ‘moderate’ (1 to 2% SOC). Low SOC% is common in most natural Western

Australian soils from arid regions. As would be expected, there was a general decrease in SOC% with

soil depth. There was no apparent relationship between SOC% and landform association.




Figure 4-8: Individual and average soil organic carbon (%) values for surface soils

4.1.3.3 Cation Exchange Capacity and Exchangeable Sodium Percentage

The majority of the samples assessed from the Study Area reported exchangeable sodium (Na+) values

below the detection limit (BDL) (Appendix D). These samples are therefore considered non-sodic. The

only samples to report exchangeable Na+ values above the BDL were from the ‘calcrete’ landform

association. One of the four soil samples from the ‘calcrete’ area reported an ESP of 13.7% and is

therefore classed as sodic. The remaining ‘calcrete’ samples reported results less than 6%, and are

therefore considered non-sodic.

4.1.3.4 Soil Nutrients

Plant-available nitrogen

The plant-available nitrogen concentrations of the soils from the Study Area were variable, ranging

between less than 1 mg/kg, and 231 mg/kg (Figure 4-9). Plant-available nitrogen concentrations were

highest in soils from the ‘calcrete’ and ‘undulating hills and valleys’ landform associations, situated lower

in the landscape.



Notes: error bars represent standard error. Logarithmic scale used.

Figure 4-9: Individual and average plant-available nitrogen (mg/kg) concentrations for surface soils

Plant-available phosphorus

The majority of the samples from the Study Area reported ‘low’ concentrations of plant-available

phosphorus. Plant-available phosphorus concentrations ranged between 2 mg/kg (low) and 25 mg/kg

(high) (Figure 4-10). There was little apparent correlation between plant-available phosphorus

concentration and position within the landscape.

Plant-available potassium

The majority of the samples from the Study Area reported ‘moderate’ concentrations of plant-available

potassium. Plant-available potassium concentrations ranged between 82 mg/kg (moderate) and 498

mg/kg (high) (Figure 4-11). There was little apparent correlation between plant-available potassium

concentration and position within the landscape.

Plant-available sulfur

The plant-available sulfur concentrations of the soils from the Study Area were highly variable, ranging

between 0.9 and 1638.0 mg/kg (Figure 4-12). Plant-available sulfur concentrations were highest in soils

from the ‘calcrete’ and ‘undulating hills and valleys’ landform associations, situated low in the landscape.



Notes: error bars represent standard error.

Figure 4-10: Individual and average plant-available phosphorus (mg/kg) concentrations for surface soils

Notes: error bars represent standard error.

Figure 4-11: Individual and average plant-available potassium (mg/kg) concentrations for surface soils



Notes: error bars represent standard error. Logarithmic scale used.

Figure 4-12: Individual and average plant-available sulfur (mg/kg) concentrations for surface soils

4.1.3.5 Total element concentrations

Four of the 20 samples analysed (all from the ‘drainage lines’ landform association) reported Ni

concentrations above the EIL for Ni in soils (NEPM, 2013) of 60 mg/kg. One sample from the ‘undulating

hills and valleys’ landform association reported a Cu concentration in excess of the EIL. Six samples,

from various landform associations, reported Ni concentrations in excess of the relevant EIL criteria. No

other metals were measured above the respective EILs. These results are considered typical of highly

weathered, Pilbara soils.

4.2 Mine Waste 4.2.1 Sample DescriptionsFor the 2014 study, a total of 23 samples were collected from the Split Rock deposit. The samples were

grouped into five waste units, chert, clastic sediment (shale), jaspilite, jaspilite/BIF and surficial. In 2016

and additional 25 samples were sent to MWH from the Shark Gully, Runway deposits, and the Glen

Herring area. Samples were grouped into three main lithologies based on descriptions provided by Atlas

geologists, BIF, BIF/chert and Jaspilite/BIF. A summary of samples and lithological descriptions is

provided in Table A-2: Appendix A.



4.2.2 Physical Characteristics4.2.2.1 Texture

There were a range of particle size distributions exhibited by the mine waste samples, with textures of the

soil sized fraction ranging from sand (less than 5% clay) to light clay (35 to 40% clay) (Figure 4-13). The

soil sized fraction (<2 mm) of the majority of the mine waste samples were classed as sands or loamy

sands (approximately 5% clay). Samples from the clastic sediment (shale) waste unit contained the

highest amount of clay, and were typically classed as clay loams (30 to 35% clay).

Figure 4-13: Average particle size distribution of the soil-sized fraction (<2 mm) of mine waste samples

4.2.2.2 Structural Stability

The majority of the soil fraction from the mine waste samples was classified as either Emerson Class 3a

(slaked, remoulded <2 mm fraction dispersed completely) or Emerson Class 3b (slaked, remoulded <2

mm fraction dispersed partially) (Table 4-3). These partially dispersive mine waste materials have the

potential to become problematic (e.g. hardsetting, low infiltration, high erodibility) particularly following

severe disturbance (e.g. earthworks) or heavy rainfall. Care should be taken to minimise the handling of

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Surficial

Clastic sediment

Chert

Jaspilite and BIF

BIF

BIF/Chert

BIF

BIF

Spl

it R

ock

Gle

n H

errin

gR

unw

ayS

hark

Gul

ly

Particle size distribution (%)

% Clay % Silt % Sand



these materials where possible, particularly when wet, with consideration given to the appropriate

placement of dispersive materials in reconstructed soil profiles and waste landforms.

Two samples were identified as Emerson Class 4 (slaking, contained gypsum/carbonates). Samples

identified as Emerson Class 4 were located in the upper five metres of the clastic sediment (shale) and

surficial waste units in the Spilt Rock deposit area. The some of the BIF and BIF/Chert units in the Shark

Gully, Runway and Glen Herring areas (seven of a total of 24 samples) were classed as Emerson Class

5, and are considered to be potentially dispersive following prolonged wetting. A total of two BIF samples,

one each from the Runway and Glen Herring areas, were classed as Emerson Class 6 indicating that the

samples are not likely to be dispersive. In general BIF samples were prone to structural decline on

disturbance; however the presence of some samples that were classed as Emerson Class 5 and 6

indicates that the soil sized fraction of some of the BIF units has the potential to be structurally stable.

Table 4-3: Summary for Emerson Aggregate Test results for mine waste (<2mm fraction)

Deposit LithologyNumber

of samples

Emerson Class1 Description

Split Rock

Surficial 3 3a, 3b and 4

Slaked, soils partially to completely dispersive on disturbance (Class 3a and 3b), andcarbonates/gypsum present in some samples (Class 4)

Clastic sediment 14 3a, 3b

and 4

Slaked, soils partially to completely dispersive on disturbance (Class 3a and 3b), and carbonates/gypsum present in some samples (Class 4)

Chert 2 3b Slaked, soils partially dispersive on disturbanceJaspilite and BIF 4 3b Slaked, soils partially dispersive on disturbance

Glen HerringBIF 5 3a, 3b, 5

and 6Slaked, soils partially dispersive on disturbance, dispersive on wetting or stable

BIF/Chert 2 3a and 5 Slaked, soils partially dispersive on disturbance, some samples dispersive on wetting

Runway BIF 7 3a, 5 and 6

Slaked, soils dispersive on disturbance, dispersive on wetting or stable

Shark Gully BIF 2 5 Slaked, soils potentially dispersive with prolonged wetting.

Notes:1 Emerson Class (after Moore, 1998)

Shading represent good moderate and poor soil structural stability characteristics based on lowest class present at depth

4.2.2.3 Material Strength

A modified MOR test was conducted on the <2 mm fraction of the mine waste samples. Many of the

samples collected from the Spilt Rock deposit (14 of the 38 samples tested) reported a MOR above the

60 kilopascal (kPa) critical value (Figure 4-14). The highest MOR results were reported by samples from

the clastic sediment (shale) waste unit. Some waste rock samples from BIF and surficial lithologies also

reported ‘high’ MOR. The soil sized fraction of the waste materials from the clastic sediment (shale), BIF

and surficial waste units may be prone to hardsetting.



Notes: Red line indicates 60 kPa threshold for potential restrictions to plant and root development

Figure 4-14: Average MOR values for mine waste (<2mm fraction)

4.2.2.4 Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity

Eight mine waste samples were analysed for saturated hydraulic conductivity. The samples collected

from the Split Rock deposit area were classed as ‘moderately rapid’, ‘rapid’ and ‘very rapid’ (Table 4-4).

Samples collected from the Glen Herring, Runway and Shark Gully areas had slower drainage classes

compared to Spit Rock deposit samples. Drainage classes ranged from Moderate to Extremely slow.

There was no clear relationship between clay content and drainage class. The samples form Spit Rock

are considered to be free-draining. Samples from Glen Herring, Runway and Shark Gully indicate that the

soil-sized fraction of the mine waste may be problematic with respect to waterlogging, infiltration and

erosion. However, waste units that are dominated by >2mm sized, competent materials are likely to have

higher Ksat characteristics when placed in WRL.

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Surficial

Clastic sediment

Chert

Jaspilite and BIF

BIF

BIF/Chert

BIF

BIF

Split

Roc

kG

len

Her

ring

Run

way

Shar

kG

ully

MOR (kPa)



Table 4-4: Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) values for waste rock

Deposit Depth (m) Soil texture Ksat(mm/hr) Drainage Class

Split Rock

Surficial Light clay to sand 119 to 280 Moderately to very rapidClastic sediment Clay loam 179 Rapid

Chert Sand - NAJaspilite and BIF Clayey sand to sand - NA

Glen HerringBIF Loamy sand 10.5 to 44.9 Moderately slow to

ModerateBIF/Chert Sandy loam 1.56 Slow

Runway BIF Loam to loamy sand 0.33 to 8.49 Moderately to extremely slow

Shark Gully BIF Sandy loam to loamy sand 4.01 to 7.08 Moderately slow to slow

Notes:Shading represent good moderate and poor characteristics related to infiltration of surface water

4.2.2.5 Water Retention Properties

The water retention characteristics of eight mine waste material samples were assessed from the Split

Rock deposit using the pressure plate analytical method. Maximum water holding potential (field capacity)

of eight samples from the Glen Herring, Runway and Shark Gully areas were assessed using gravimetric

water content analytical method.

The water retention characteristics of the samples collected from Spit Rock were typically considered

moderate, however, there was significant variation in the water retention characteristics between the

different waste units (Figure 4-15). The USL (% volume; <2 mm fraction) ranged between 9.5 and 51.2%.

This means that when the samples are at field capacity, 9.5 to 51.2% of the volume (<2 mm fraction)

comprises of water. The LSL ranged between 2.5 and 27.9%. This means that when the soil samples

are at wilting point 2.5 to 27.9% of the volume comprises of water. The plant-available water (PAW), (%

volume) of the soil fraction (<2 mm) ranged between 7.0% (low) and 24.6% (high). The majority of the

samples reported PAW values considered to be moderate.

The water retention characteristics of the waste samples collected from Glen Herring, Runway and Shark

Gully areas were generally high. The USL (% volume including coarse fraction) ranged between 20.6 and

34.8%. This means that at field capacity, the samples contain up to 34.8% water. Samples with high field

capacity water storage volumes may be favourable for use in landform design where water storage and

release properties are desirable.



Figure 4-15: Water retention characteristics of mine waste rock samples collected from the Split Rock deposit

4.2.3 Chemical Properties Related to Plant Growth4.2.3.1 Soil pH and Electrical Conductivity

The pH (CaCl2) of the mine waste samples ranged between pH 6.1 (neutral) and pH 7.6 (moderately

alkaline), with the majority of samples classed as ‘neutral’ (Moore 1998) (Figure 4-16). Similarly, in terms

of ratings, the majority of the mine waste pH (H2O) results were classed as ‘neutral’. There was no clear

relationship between pH and waste unit.



Figure 4-16: Average soil pH (CaCl2) values for mine waste samples

The majority of the mine waste samples reported EC values classified as non-saline (<0.2 dS/m) based

on the standard USDA and CSIRO categories (Figure 4-17). The EC results generally ranged between

<0.01 dS/m (non-saline), and 0200 dS/m (slightly saline). Four samples collected from the Split Rock

deposit area reported EC values above 0.200 dS/m (non-saline) and were classified as ‘slightly’ to ‘very

saline’. All four samples were from the clastic sediment (shale) waste unit.

4.2.3.2 Organic Matter

The organic carbon percentage for the mine waste samples ranged between less than 0.05% (low) and

0.94% (high). The organic carbon percentage within the majority of the samples was considered low

(<0.10%) based on the ratings for A2 and B horizons (Moore 1998) (Figure 4-18). The highest organic

carbon result was measured in clastic sediment (shale) waste unit sample WCCD0031B from the 44.5 to

44.9 m depth interval.

4 5 6 7 8 9

Surficial

Clastic sediment

Chert

Jaspilite and BIF

BIF

BIF/Chert

BIF

BIF

Split

Roc

kG

len

Her

ring

Run

way

Shar

kG

ully

pH (CaCl2)



Figure 4-17: Average EC (dS/m) values for waste rock samples

Figure 4-18: Individual and average SOC (%) values for waste rock samples

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

Surficial

Clastic sediment

Chert

Jaspilite and BIF

BIF

BIF/Chert

BIF

BIF

Split

Roc

kG

len

Her

ring

Run

way

Shar

kG

ully

Electrical Conductivity (dS/m)

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Surficial

Clastic sediment

Chert

Jaspilite and BIF

BIF

BIF/Chert

BIF

BIF

Split

Roc

kG

len

Her

ring

Run

way

Shar

kG

ully

Soil Organic Carbon (%)



4.2.3.3 Cation Exchange Capacity and Exchangeable Sodium Percentage

A total of 28 mine waste samples were selected for exchangeable cation analysis. The majority of the

samples analysed were classified as non-sodic (Appendix C).

A total of 16 samples reported exchangeable Na+ values below the detection limit (BDL). These samples

are therefore classified as non-sodic. These results suggest that waste rock samples generally have a

low likelihood of problems related to sodicity and clay dispersion.

Eight samples were classified as sodic with ESP results between 6 and 29%. Six samples were classified

as highly sodic, with ESP values greater than 15%. Three samples classed as sodic were from the clastic

sediment (shale) waste unit, the remaining samples were from the BIF or jaspilite/BIF units. The samples

with sodic and highly sodic results indicate that there is an increased risk of clay dispersion, hardsetting

and erosion if these materials are placed on the surface of reconstructed landforms. Care should be taken

to minimise the handling of the materials from the clastic sediment (shale) and more clay rich BIF waste

units where possible, particularly when wet, with consideration given to their placement away from the

outer surfaces of constructed waste landforms.

4.2.3.4 Plant Available Nutrients

Plant-available nutrients (N, P, K and S) were analysed for the soil sized fraction (<2 mm) of the mine

waste samples. This information provides an indication of the ability of the mine waste to support

vegetation growth, in order to assist in identifying mine waste that may be suitable for use as a near

surface rehabilitation material on waste landforms.

As would be expected for crushed waste rock, the plant-available nutrient concentrations of the mine

waste were typically low, with several samples not detected above the laboratory LOR for plant-available

phosphorus or plant-available potassium (Appendix C). The plant-available nutrient results are discussed

in further below.

Plant-available nitrogen concentrations were low, ranging between <1 mg/kg, and 4 mg/kg. Despite low

concentrations of plant-available nitrogen, these results are considered typical for mine waste materials,

though are significantly lower than that of the surface soils of the Corunna Downs Study Area.

Plant-available phosphorus concentrations ranged between <2 mg/kg, and 7 mg/kg. The majority of the

mine waste samples reported concentrations below the detectable limit (<2 mg/kg). These results are

‘low’, however, they are considered typical for mine waste materials.

Plant-available potassium concentrations for mine waste samples ranged between less than 15 mg/kg

(low), and 255 mg/kg (high). The majority of the samples reported concentrations considered ‘moderate’

(Moore 1998). Plant-available potassium was not measured above the detectable limit for samples from

the chert, chert/BIF, jaspilite/BIF and clastic sediment (shale) (80+ m depth interval only), and some BIF



waste units. Concentrations of plant-available potassium were relatively high for the for the shale waste

materials from higher in the profile.

Plant-available sulfur concentrations of the mine waste were highly variable, ranging between 0.7 and

1409 mg/kg. There was no clear relationship between waste unit and plant-available sulfur concentration.

4.2.4 Geochemical Characteristics4.2.4.1 Acid Base Accounting

All 48 mine waste samples were assessed for geochemical properties relating to potential acid formation.

A summary of acid forming characteristics is provided below:

Paste pH values (2016 samples only) were circum-neutral, ranging from 6.3 to 8.2 pH units;

Paste EC values (2016 samples only) were generally non-saline, ranging from 30 to 1,420 uS/cm;

Total sulfur (Total-S) values ranged from < 0.01% to 0.52%;

Sulfide sulfur values (2016 samples only) ranged from <0.01% to 0.05% and are considered to be

low.

ANC values that ranged from <0.5 to 296 kg H2SO4/tonne (average 36 kg H2SO4/tonne);

NAPP values were generally below zero, with two samples having positive NAPP values of 0.01

and 0.1 kg H2SO4/tonne.

NAG-pH values were all greater than 4.5 pH units, ranging from 5.4 to 9.1 pH units;

NAG (pH 4.5) values of <0.1 kg H2SO4/tonne; and

NAG (pH 7.0) values that ranged between < 0.1 and 12.9 kg H2SO4/tonne

Net Acid Production Potential (NAPP) and NAG results are used to determine the classification of samples

in relation to potential for acid generation. The majority of samples were classified as NAF. Two samples

(from jaspilite and BIF waste units) were classified as Uncertain based on conflicting NAPP and NAG

results (Figure 4-19). The NAPP values for the two samples were considered to be very low (0.1 and 0.01

kg H2SO4/tonne). Both samples had ANC values below detection limit, and low sulfur values. Based on

the low potential for acid generation from these samples, these samples are considered to be NAF. The

overall risk of acid-generation associated with mine waste samples from the Study Area is considered to

be low.



Figure 4-19: Geochemical classification chart for mine waste samples collected from the Study Area

4.2.4.2 Mine Waste Multi-element Composition

4.2.4.2.1 GAI

The geochemical abundance index (GAI) results are provided Appendix C – Table 4. Across the four

deposits, six out of the seven waste units were not found to be enriched in any element relative to average

crustal abundances. The clastic sediment (shale) waste unit reported an average concentration of mercury

that was enriched relative to the average crustal abundance.

4.2.4.2.2 Total Multi-elements

Total elemental concentrations were analysed for mine waste samples from the all four deposits. Samples

from the clastic sediment (shale) waste unit reported concentrations of cadmium, copper, nickel, zinc and

mercury above the respective EIL. Two samples from the ‘jaspilite’, one sample from the ‘jaspilite / BIF’,

one sample from the ‘surficial’ and eight samples from the ‘BIF’ waste units reported concentrations of

nickel equal to, or marginally above, their site-specific EIL (Appendix E). The total elemental

concentrations of the clastic sediment (shale) waste unit are significantly higher than the topsoils from the

Study Area.

No other waste units reported elemental concentrations above the respective EIL.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

-300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300

NAG

pH

NAPP kg H2SO4/tShark Gully Runway Glen Herring Split Rock

UNC

PAFUNC

NAF



4.2.4.2.3 Leachable Multi-elements

Waste samples from the Shark Gully, Runaway and Glen Herring areas were analysed for leachable

elements under deionised (DI) water leaching conditions using the Australian Standard Leaching

Procedure (ASLP) method. All waste samples (excluding two samples from the BIF waste unit) reported

leachable concentrations of zinc that exceeded the GIL fresh water trigger value. Eleven samples across

the three waste units exceeded the GIL fresh water trigger value for soluble copper. Of these samples,

six samples also exceeded the ANZECC fresh water trigger value for soluble copper. Isolated

exceedances in soluble lead, mercury and nickel were observed across the BIF and BIF/Chert waste units

with respect to the GIL and/or ANZECC fresh water screening criteria. No waste samples reported

concentrations of soluble elements that exceeded the Livestock Drinking Water guideline criteria.



5 Landform Association Mapping

Landform associations were identified within the Study Area based on field observations of morphological

differences between the soil profiles and their occurrence within different landscape positions. A landform

association map was produced for the Study Area and the PRU area, derived from the field observations

and interpretation of aerial photography. The landform association map provides a means of delineating

soil materials within potential disturbance areas that may be considered for salvage, storage and use as

a rehabilitation resource in future rehabilitation and mine closure activities.

Within the Study Area, seven landform associations were identified, namely: ‘calcrete’, ‘granite hillock’

‘undulating hills and valleys’, ‘drainage lines’, ‘flats’, ‘scree slopes’ and ‘ridgelines’ (Figure 5-1). The PRU

area has four identified landform associations ‘calcrete’, ‘drainage lines’. ‘scree slopes’ and ‘undulating

hills and valleys’.

The majority of the Study Area is dominated by several ridgelines, scree slopes (foothills and stony rises)

and undulating hills and valleys. Consequently the surface soils were typically shallow and dominated by

a high coarse fragment content. The PRY are is dominated by undulating hills and valleys and calcrete.



Figure 5-1: Landform associations within the Corunna Downs Study Area



Figure 5-2: Landform associations within the Corunna Downs within the PRU Area



6 Preliminary Soil Resources and Mine Waste Inventory

The development of a soil and mine waste inventory has been shown to be an effective method of planning

for the most suitable and efficient use of available soil and mine waste resources for landform design and

rehabilitation. A preliminary inventory of potential soil and mine waste resources has been developed for

the Study Area, based on the characterisation of surface soils, mine waste, and landform association

mapping (Table 6-1 and Table 6-2). It is recommended that the volumes of mine waste materials

expected from the mining areas be added to the inventory as the information becomes available.

The landform associations presented in Section 6 represent the total potential soil resources that occur

within the Study Area. Areas have been calculated based on the proposed disturbance footprint within the

development envelope including the mine site and infrastructure corridor (for the Study Area), and the

proposed disturbance footprint outside previously cleared areas (for the PRU Area). It is recommended

that the preliminary soils inventory be updated as clearing and topsoil salvaging activities progress. The

actual volumes of soil able to be collected from any specific disturbance areas is likely to vary to a degree,

due to access restrictions and outcropping rock.

It is also recommended that the soil and mine waste inventory be utilised to develop a rehabilitation

materials balance, once the design of constructed waste landforms is finalised, to facilitate the optimal

use of available rehabilitation resources. Once the surface areas of constructed waste landforms and

other disturbance areas associated with the Project become available, the available soil and mine waste

resources can be quantified and reconciled against rehabilitation requirements. Refer to Section 7 for

specific considerations for waste placement and waste landform design.



Table 6-1: Preliminary soil resource inventory for the proposed disturbance foot print in the Study Area (not includinig PRU Area)

Landform association

Study AreaSuitability for salvage and

rehabilitation useArea of Landform association (ha) %

Approx. topsoil

stripping depth (m)

Potential volume topsoil (m3) 1

Calcrete 6.71 2% - None Not recommended

Granite hillock2 12.9 3% - None Presence of soil unlikely

Drainage lines 4.43 1% 0.2 8,858RecommendedRidgelines 209 49% 0.2 418,639

Scree slopes 79.1 19% 0.2 158,198Undulating hills and valleys 99.7 24% - None Not recommended

Flat 11.0 3% 0.2 22,073 RecommendedTOTAL 3 423 100% 846,283

Notes:1 The presence of outcropping rock and rock hardcaps may decrease the volume of salvageable topsoil material. This needs to be taken into account for rehabilitation planning.2 Granitic uplands and outcrops were located in the far western section of the Study Area and were dominated by rock outcrop. 3 Landform associations in the haul road alignment are not included in the total area

Table 6-2: Preliminary mine waste inventory for the Corunna Project

Lithology Estimated volume (bcm)

Estimated tonnage (tonnes)

Considerations for waste rock landform

placement

Clastic sediment (shale) 1,517,265 3,031,775 Not suitable for near-surface

Chert and Shale/Chert 412,500 920,493Suitable for near-surface

Jaspilite 577,915 1,449,551

BIF 2,062,712 5,135,419 Clay-rich units are not suitable for near surface

Jaspilite/BIF 374,015 867,524 Suitable for near surfaceTOTAL 4,944,407 11,404,762

7 Conclusions and Recommendations

The primary objective of this report was to characterise the existing surface soils and mine waste materials

from the Corunna Downs Study Area, and to identify potentially problematic soil and mine waste which

may have implications for material handling and placement during mining operations and for use in

rehabilitation activities. Information contained within this report can be used to assist the planning of

appropriate soil and mine waste handling and placement, and associated landform design and

rehabilitation protocols for the Project.

The assessment of the surface soils and landforms within the Study Area has identified seven landform

associations, namely: ‘calcrete’, ‘granite hillock’, ‘undulating hills and valleys’, ‘drainage lines’, ‘flats’,



‘scree slopes’ and ‘ridgelines’. The assessment of the mine waste samples from the Split Rock, Shark

Gully, Runway and Glen Herring areas was based on seven waste lithologies, namely ‘chert’, ‘clastic

sediment (shale)’, ‘jaspilite’, ‘jaspilite / BIF’, ‘BIF’, ‘BIF/chert’ and ‘surficial’. The additional soil survey areas

observed in 2016 were not found to differ significantly from the soils sampled during the 2014 survey.

Extrapolation of the results to landform association areas in both the Mine Area and Infrastructure Corridor

areas was able to be made.

The following sections provide a summary of the individual measured physical and chemical

characteristics of the surface soils (Section 7.1) from each of the landform associations within the Study

Area, and mine waste material (Section 7.3) from representative waste units expected to be encountered

during mining operations of the Split Rock deposit. A summary of the physical and chemical characteristics

of the soils and mine waste materials are detailed in Table 7-1 and Table 7-2 respectively.

Coru

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Low

(0.7

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te C

hara

cter

isat

ion_

Rev

0

Tabl

e 7-

2:Su

mm

ary

of p

hysi

cal,

chem

ical

and

geo

chem

ical

cha

ract

eris

tics

of m

ine

was

te r

ock

from

the

Cor

unna

Dow

ns S

tudy

Are

a

Was

te u

nit

Phys

ical

cha

ract

eris

tics

Che

mic

al c

hara

cter

istic

sG

eoch

emic

al c

hara

cter

istic

s

Text

ure

Stab

ility

1, 2

Wat

er r

eten

tion1,

3pH

and

sal

inity

Nut

rien

ts a

nd

SOC

%ES

PA

MD

pot

entia

lTo

tal e

lem

ents

4So

lubl

e el

emen

ts5

Sur

ficia

lS

and

to li

ght c

lay

Slig

htly

dis

pers

ive

(3a,

3b

& 4

)P

oten

tially

har

dset

ting

Mod

erat

ely

to v

ery

rapi

d K

sat

Mod

erat

e P

AW

% a

nd

max

imum

wat

er

hold

ing

pote

ntia

l

Neu

tral p

H, N

on-s

alin

eH

igh

SO

C. L

ow N

, P,

S, m

oder

ate

KH

ighl

y so

dic

NA

F(N

i)N

A

Cla

stic

sed

imen

t (s

hale

)Lo

amy

sand

to li

ght

clay

Slig

htly

dis

pers

ive

(3a,

3b

& 4

)P

oten

tially

har

dset

ting

Rap

id K

sat

Mod

erat

e P

AW

% a

nd

high

max

imum

wat

er

hold

ing

pote

ntia

l

Neu

tral t

o m

oder

atel

y al

kalin

e pH

, Non

-sa

line

to v

ery

salin

e

Mod

erat

e to

hig

h S

OC

. Lo

w N

, P, l

ow to

hig

h K

and

S

Non

-sod

ic to

hig

hly

sodi

cN

AF

Ele

vate

d C

u, N

iN

A

Che

rtS

and

–lik

ely

to

cont

ain

coar

se-fr

actio

n

Slig

htly

dis

pers

ive

(3b)

Non

-har

dset

ting

Low

PA

W%

Low

m

axim

um w

ater

ho

ldin

g po

tent

ial

Neu

tral p

H, N

on-s

alin

eLo

w S

OC

. Low

N, P

, K

, SN

on-s

odic

NA

FN

ot e

leva

ted

NA

BIF

/Che

rtN

A

Var

iabl

e; s

light

ly

disp

ersi

ve to

non-

disp

ersi

ve(3

a &

5)

Low

pot

entia

l to

be

hard

setti

ng

Slo

w K

sat

Mod

erat

e m

axim

um

wat

er h

oldi

ng p

oten

tial

Neu

tral p

H, N

on-s

alin

eLo

w S

OC

. Low

N, P

, K

, SN

on-s

odic

NA

FN

ot e

leva

ted

Ele

vate

d Zn

, Cu

BIF

San

dy lo

am to

cla

y –

likel

y to

con

tain

co

arse

-frac

tion

Var

iabl

e; s

light

ly

disp

ersi

ve to

non

-di

sper

sive

(3a,

3b,

5 &

5)

Non

-har

dset

ting

Mod

erat

e to

slo

w K

sat

Mod

erat

e to

hig

h m

axim

um w

ater

ho

ldin

g po

tent

ial

Neu

tral p

H, N

on-s

alin

e to

slig

htly

sal

ine

Low

SO

C. L

ow N

, P,

low

to m

oder

ate

K a

nd

S

Non

-sod

ic to

hig

hly

sodi

c

NA

F, o

r Unc

erta

in w

ith

low

pot

entia

l to

be

acid

-form

ing

(Ni)

Ele

vate

d Zn

, Cu

BIF

and

Jas

pilit

e/B

IFLo

amy

to c

laye

y sa

nd

–lik

ely

to c

onta

in

coar

se-fr

actio

n

Slig

htly

dis

pers

ive

(3b)

Non

-har

dset

ting

Mod

erat

e to

slo

w K

sat

Mod

erat

e to

hig

h m

ax

wat

er h

oldi

ng p

oten

tial

Neu

tral p

H, N

on-s

alin

eLo

w S

OC

. Low

N, P

K,

SN

on-s

odic

to h

ighl

y so

dic

NA

F, o

r Unc

erta

in w

ith

low

pot

entia

l to

be

acid

-form

ing

(Ni)

Ele

vate

d Zn

, Cu

Not

es: F

igur

es in

bra

cket

s re

pres

ent a

vera

ge v

alue

s. S

hadi

ngre

pres

ents

aver

age

valu

es w

ith b

road

ratin

gs o

f goo

d, m

oder

ate

and

poor

for e

ach

para

met

er re

lativ

e to

sui

tabi

lity

for p

lant

gro

wth

, ove

rall

mat

eria

l sta

bilit

yan

d ge

oche

mic

al c

hara

cter

istic

s. R

efer

to

App

endi

x E

for m

etho

d an

d cl

assi

ficat

ion

syst

ems.

1.

Bas

ed o

n th

e <2

mm

siz

e fra

ctio

n 2.

Sta

bilit

y as

sess

men

t bas

ed o

n so

il-si

zed

(<2m

m) f

ract

ion

MO

R a

nd E

mer

son

aggr

egat

e te

st. P

oten

tially

dis

pers

ive

prop

ertie

s m

ay b

e m

aske

d by

the

flocc

ulat

ing

effe

cts

of h

igh

salin

ity.

3.W

ater

rete

ntio

n ba

sed

on K

sat,

Pla

ntav

aila

ble

wat

er (P

AW

, % v

ol) f

or s

oil f

ract

ion

(<2

mm

) for

sel

ecte

d sa

mpl

es a

nd m

axim

um w

ater

hol

ding

pot

entia

l ass

esse

d at

fiel

d ca

paci

ty.

4.

‘Ele

vate

d’ to

tal e

lem

ent c

once

ntra

tions

indi

cate

resu

lts a

bove

rele

vant

Eco

logi

cal I

nves

tigat

ion

Leve

ls (E

ILs)

for s

oils

5.

‘Ele

vate

d’ s

olub

le e

lem

ent c

once

ntra

tions

indi

cate

resu

lts e

xcee

ding

GIL

and

AN

ZEC

C c

riter

ia. N

o ex

ceed

ance

s to

Liv

esto

ck d

rinki

ng c

riter

ia w

ere

reco

rded

.



7.1 Summary of surface soil characteristics and management recommendations

The physical and chemical characteristics of the surface soils from the ‘calcrete’ landform association

were:

non-dispersive;

moderate amount of coarse rock fragments;

considered prone to hardsetting (high soil strength);

moderate hydraulic conductivity and moderate water holding capacity;

strongly alkaline pH;

extremely saline;

relatively high concentrations of plant-available nutrients; and

sodic.

Soils on the ‘granite hillock’ landform association were not present due to the continuous rock outcrop and

were not assessed as part of this study.

The physical and chemical characteristics of the surface soils from the ‘undulating hills and valleys’

landform association were:

variable, dispersive to non-dispersive;

moderate amount of coarse rock fragments;


moderately rapid hydraulic conductivity and low water holding capacity;

neutral pH;

moderately saline;

relatively high concentrations of plant-available nutrients; and

non-sodic.

The physical and chemical characteristics of the surface soils from the ‘drainage lines’ landform

association were:

partly dispersive;

moderate coarse rock content;

not considered prone to hardsetting (low soil strength);


neutral pH;

non-saline;

low-to-moderate concentrations of plant-available nutrients;

non-sodic; and



concentrations of total Ni above EILs.

The physical and chemical characteristics of the surface soil sampled from the ‘flats’ landform association

were:

non-dispersive;

high amount of coarse rock fragments;


moderately rapid hydraulic conductivity;

moderately alkaline pH;

non-saline;

low-to-moderate concentrations of plant-available nutrients; and

non-sodic.

The physical and chemical characteristics of the surface soil sampled from the ‘scree slopes’ landform

association were:

partly dispersive;




neutral pH;

non-saline;

low-to-moderate amounts of plant-available nutrients; and

non-sodic.

The physical and chemical characteristics of the surface soil sampled from the ‘ridgelines’ landform

association were:

partly dispersive;




slightly acidic pH;

non-saline;

low-to-moderate concentrations of plant-available nutrients; and

non-sodic.

The surface soils (0 to 0.2 m) from the ‘drainage lines’, ‘flats’, ‘scree slopes’ and ‘ridgelines’ landform

associations are considered to be a valuable resource as rehabilitation material. Generally, the soils from

these landform associations had a high coarse rock fragment content, moderately rapid hydraulic

conductivity, were non-hardsetting or slightly hardsetting, and were predominately non-saline and non-



sodic, indicating a low inherent potential for erosion. The surface soils from within these landform

associations within the Study Area are considered suitable for use as a surface rehabilitation material of

constructed landforms. Topsoil stripping and stockpiling recommendations are detailed in Section 7.2.

7.2 Surface Soil Stripping and Stockpiling RecommendationsTopsoil refers to the fraction of surface soil which is enriched in organic matter, nutrients, seed and has a

high degree of microbial activity. The topsoil (to a depth of approximately 0.2 m) from four of the six

surveyed soil-landform associations is considered a valuable source of rehabilitation material.

7.2.1 Soil strippingSpecific topsoil (0 to 0.2 m) management recommendations which can optimise the success of future

rehabilitation are as follows:

it is recommended that the upper 0.2 m (topsoil) of the soil profiles from the ‘scree slopes’ and

‘ridgelines’, which are likely to comprise the bulk of the mining disturbance area, is stripped and

placed in stockpiles as one soil unit. It is recommended that the topsoil from the ‘calcrete’ and

‘undulating hills and valleys’ are not salvaged and stockpiled;

any rock fragments, coarse woody debris, surface litter, plant roots and vegetative material present

within the soil profiles should be collected and stockpiled with the soil;

machinery operators should minimise the frequency and intensity of disturbance so they do not

compromise the structural integrity of the material; and

soil stripping should occur as close as possible to the time when the proposed disturbance is

scheduled to commence.

stripping of soils along the haul road alignment should be restricted to the little more than the width

of the road.

7.2.2 Soil stockpilingWhere possible, all stripped soil should be paddock-dumped into piles no greater than two metres

in height. The piles should have adequate distance between them so as to create a series of

mounds and troughs;

stockpiles should be reseeded with local, native species as soon as possible; and

excessive traffic and disturbance of the stockpiles should be minimised to prevent erosion.

For soils stripped from the haul road alignment, stockpiles should be windrowed into low-height stockpiles,

adjacent to the road and located on the undisturbed ground side of surface water drainage structures/bund

to minimise erosion of the topsoil resource. Where possible, windrows should be protected with vegetation

debris.

Based on the above recommendations and considerations, the potential volumes of topsoil that may be

salvaged from the total Study Area are presented in the preliminary soil resources inventory in Section 6.

At the time of the survey, the final proposed areas of disturbance associated with mine development were



not available. It is recommended that once this information is available, the soil resources inventory is

updated to reflect the actual topsoil resource available for future rehabilitation activities.

7.3 Summary of Mine Waste Characteristics and Management Recommendations

The physical, chemical and geochemical characteristics of the soil sized fraction (<2 mm) of the ‘chert’

mine waste unit were:

slightly dispersive;


‘low’ water holding capacity;

neutral pH;

non-saline;

low-to-moderate amounts of plant-available nutrients;

non-sodic; and

non-acid forming (NAF).

The physical, chemical and geochemical characteristics of the soil sized fraction (<2 mm) of the ‘clastic

sediment (shale)’ waste unit were:




neutral to moderately alkaline pH;

saline;


non-sodic;

concentrations of total elements (Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn and Hg) above EILs; and

NAF.

The physical, chemical and geochemical characteristics of the soil sized fraction (<2 mm) of the ‘jaspilite’

waste unit were:


not prone to hardsetting (low soil strength);


neutral pH;

non-saline;


non-sodic;

concentrations of Ni above site-specific EILs; and



NAF.

The physical, chemical and geochemical characteristics of the soil sized fraction (<2 mm) of the ‘jaspilite

/ BIF’ and BIF waste units were:


variable tendency to be prone to hardsetting (low soil strength);

‘moderate’ to ‘high’ potential water holding capacity;

neutral pH;

non-saline;


non-sodic;

concentrations of Ni above site-specific EILs but similar concentrations to topsoil; and

NAF.

The physical, chemical and geochemical characteristics of the soil sized fraction (<2 mm) of the ‘surficial’

waste unit were:


prone to hardsetting (high soil strength);


neutral pH;

non-saline;


sodic;

concentrations of Ni above site-specific EILs; and

NAF.

The likely high amount of coarse rock fragments and relative chemically and geochemically benign nature

of the mine waste from the majority of the waste lithology units, excluding that of the clastic sediment

(shale) waste unit, indicates that the waste material from the Corunna Downs deposits are not likely to be

‘hostile’ to the growth of native vegetation and is likely to be relatively resistant to surface erosion.

Generally speaking, the soil sized fraction of the mine waste materials (excluding the clastic sediment

(shale) waste unit) have a rapid hydraulic conductivity, are predominately non-hardsetting, non-saline,

non-sodic and NAF. Some waste units that are dominated by finer-fraction soil materials (clay and silt)

may have an increased tendency to be hardsetting and have relatively low rates of hydraulic conductivity.

Mine waste units (clastic sediments) have the potential to contain elevated concentrations of total

elements (cadmium, copper, nickel, zinc and mercury). Erosion of soil-sized sediment and associated

leaching of solutes from mine waste into the environment has the potential to cause impact to downstream

surface water ecosystems. Based on the local climate data, seepage of surface water through WRL is

likely to be minor, or be associated with high volume rainfall events. Based on the leachate test results,



seepage through WRL into groundwater has the potential to contain elevated concentrations of some

elements (zinc and copper) that may be problematic with respect to localised sensitive groundwater

dependant ecosystems. However, results should be compared to background groundwater concentrations

to determine if the concentrations have the potential to be significant. The potential for seepage to impact

beneficial uses of groundwater (livestock drinking water) is considered to be low.

7.4 Preliminary Waste Landform Design RecommendationsThe benign nature of the majority of the mine waste indicates that the waste material requires little specific

management. All waste units, excluding the ‘clastic sediment (shale)’ waste unit, are considered suitable

for near-surface placement in constructed waste rock landforms. Due to the potential for fine-fraction

sediment to occur in the waste units (shale and siltstone), minimisation of erosion of sediment (containing

potentially elevated concentrations of total and soluble multi-elements) to the environment during

operations is recommended. This may be achieved with construction of toe bunds at the bases of WRL to

capture sediment and prevent it from moving off site with surface water.

Based on the physical and chemical characteristics of the materials, it is recommended that the clastic

sediment (shale) waste is not deposited at, or close to the surface of constructed landforms. It is also

recommended that further analyses of the acid forming potential of the shale waste materials is conducted

as the Project develops and more waste samples become available.

The design of the waste rock landforms should take into account the best practice design concepts, to

minimise the concentration of surface water as far as practicable to slow rates of erosion of fine-grained

sediment. The likely success of rehabilitation growth on the mine waste material will be enhanced by the

use of a finer soil material (such as the salvaged topsoil) as a surface growth medium, placed on stable

surfaces. Consideration should be made to the concentration of topsoil resources on the flat upper

surfaces of constructed waste landforms with any application of soil to the slopes of waste landforms being

well incorporated with competent mine waste to enhance surface armour and mitigate erosion.



8 References

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Atlas (2014) Corunna Downs Project: Split Rock Waste Characterisation Study. Atlas Iron Limited, 8th

May 2014

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Appendices



Appendix A Sample Collection and Analysis Summary

Tabl

e A-

1: F

ield

Sam

ple

Sum

mar

y Sh

eet:

Soil

sam

ples

Cor

unna

Dow

ns P

roje

ct

MW

H G

loba

lPa

ge 1

of 1

From

ToEa

stin

gN

orth

ing

Text

ure

Stru

ctur

eSt

reng

thH

ydau

lic

Con

duct

ivit y

Wat

er

Ret

entio

nPa

rtic

le

Size

pH a

nd

ECEx

ch.

Cat

ions

PAN

Org

. CAB

ATo

tal

Elem

ents

Solu

ble

Elem

ents

CD

S01

0-0.

120

140

0.1

7734

7676

2409

3R

ockl

eaFl

atC

alcr

ete

NR

xx

xx

xx

xx

xx

xC

DS0

1 0.

1-0.

220

140.

10.

2R

ockl

eaC

alcr

ete

NR

xx

xx

xx

xC

DS0

2 0-

0.1

2014

00.

177

3125

7623

483

Roc

klea

Ris

eC

alcr

ete

NR

xx

xx

xx

xC

DS0

2 0.

1-0.

220

140.

10.

2R

ockl

eaC

alcr

ete

NR

xx

xx

xx

xx

CD

S03

0-0.

120

140

0.1

7731

3976

2277

8R

ockl

eaSl

ope

Und

ulat

ing

hills

& v

alle

ysN

Rx

xx

xx

xx

xx

CD

S03

0.1-

0.2

2014

0.1

0.2

Roc

klea

Und

ulat

ing

hills

& v

alle

ysN

Rx

xx

xx

xC

DS0

4 0-

0.1

2014

00.

177

4492

7622

462

Roc

klea

Flat

Dra

inag

e lin

eN

Rx

xx

xx

xx

xx

xC

DS0

4 0.

1-0.

220

140.

10.

2R

ockl

eaD

rain

age

line

NR

xx

xx

xx

xx

CD

S05

0-0.

120

140

0.1

7734

1776

2213

4R

ockl

eaSl

ope

Scre

e sl

ope

NR

xx

xx

xx

xx

xC

DS0

6 0-

0.1

2014

00.

177

5584

7622

795

Roc

klea

Slop

eSc

ree

slop

eN

Rx

xx

xx

xx

xC

DS0

6 0.

1-0.

220

140.

10.

2R

ockl

eaSc

ree

slop

eN

Rx

xx

xx

xC

DS0

7 0-

0.1

2014

00.

177

4174

7622

266

Roc

klea

Slop

eSc

ree

slop

eN

Rx

xx

xx

xx

CD

S08

0-0.

120

140

0.1

7759

2376

2338

6R

ockl

eaFl

atU

ndul

atin

g hi

lls &

val

ley

NR

xx

xx

xx

xx

xx

CD

S08

0.1-

0.2

2014

0.1

0.2

Roc

klea

Und

ulat

ing

hills

& v

alle

yN

Rx

xx

xx

xx

xC

DS0

9 0-

0.1

2014

00.

177

6216

7623

374

Cap

ricor

nSl

ope

Rid

gelin

e, to

pN

Rx

xx

xx

xx

xC

DS1

0 0-

0.1

2014

00.

177

6232

7623

456

Cap

ricor

nSl

ope

Rid

gelin

e, e

dge

NR

xx

xx

xx

xx

CD

S10

0.1-

0.2

2014

0.1

0.2

Cap

ricor

nR

idge

line,

edg

eN

Rx

xx

xx

xC

DS1

1 0-

0.1

2014

00.

177

6357

7623

384

Cap

ricor

nSl

ope

Rid

gelin

e, e

dge

NR

xx

xx

xx

xx

CD

S11

0.1-

0.2

2014

0.1

0.2

Cap

ricor

nR

idge

line,

edg

eN

Rx

xx

xx

xx

CD

S12

0-0.

120

140

0.1

7767

7976

2353

9C

apric

orn

Flat

Rid

gelin

e, to

pN

Rx

xx

xx

xx

xC

DS1

3 0-

0.1

2014

00.

177

6056

7623

103

Cap

ricor

nSl

ope

Scre

e sl

ope

NR

xx

xx

xx

xx

xC

DS1

4 0-

0.1

2014

00.

177

6179

7622

707

Cap

ricor

nSl

ope

Rid

gelin

e, e

dge

NR

xx

xx

xx

xx

xC

DS1

4 0.

1-0.

220

140.

10.

2C

apric

orn

Rid

gelin

e, e

dge

NR

xx

xx

xx

xC

DS1

5 0-

0.1

2014

00.

177

6135

7622

327

Cap

ricor

nFl

atR

idge

line,

top

NR

xx

xx

xx

xC

DS1

5 0.

1-0.

220

140.

10.

2C

apric

orn

Rid

gelin

e, to

pN

Rx

xx

xx

xC

DS1

6 0-

0.1

2014

00.

177

5800

7621

919

Cap

ricor

nFl

atD

rain

age

line,

upl

and

NR

xx

xx

xx

xx

xx

xC

DS1

6 0.

1-0.

220

140.

10.

2C

apric

orn

Dra

inag

e lin

e, u

plan

dN

Rx

xx

xx

xC

DS1

7 0-

0.1

2014

00.

177

6355

7623

806

Cap

ricor

nSl

ope

Scre

e sl

ope

NR

xx

xx

xx

xx

CD

S18

0-0.

120

140

0.1

7762

4076

2410

7C

apric

orn

Flat

Rid

gelin

e, to

pN

Rx

xx

xx

xx

xx

CD

S18

0.1-

0.2

2014

0.1

0.2

Cap

ricor

nR

idge

line,

top

NR

xx

xx

xx

CD

S19

0-0.

120

140

0.1

7768

5476

2454

6C

apric

orn

Slop

eR

idge

line,

top

NR

xx

xx

xx

xx

xC

DS2

0 0-

0.1

2014

00.

177

6449

7625

343

Cap

ricor

nFl

atR

idge

line,

top

NR

xx

xx

xx

xx

CD

S20

0.1-

0.2

2014

0.1

0.2

Cap

ricor

nR

idge

line,

top

NR

xx

xx

xx

CD

S21

0-0.

120

140

0.1

7758

9776

2142

2C

apric

orn

Slop

eSc

ree

slop

eN

Rx

xx

xx

xC

DS2

1 0.

1-0.

220

140.

10.

2C

apric

orn

Scre

e sl

ope

NR

xx

xx

xx

CD

S22

0-0.

120

140

0.1

7734

0276

2485

4R

ockl

eaFl

atC

alcr

ete

NR

xx

xx

xx

xx

CD

S22

0.1-

0.2

2014

0.1

0.2

Roc

klea

Cal

cret

eN

Rx

xx

xx

xC

DS2

3 0-

0.1

2014

00.

177

3090

7624

908

Roc

klea

Flat

Broa

d dr

aina

ge li

neN

Rx

xx

xx

xx

xC

DS2

3 0.

1-0.

220

140.

10.

2R

ockl

eaBr

oad

drai

nage

line

NR

xx

xx

xx

xx

CD

S24

0-0.

120

140

0.1

7730

1176

2231

9R

ockl

eaFl

atFl

atN

Rx

xx

xx

xx

xC

DS2

4 0.

1-0.

220

140.

10.

2R

ockl

eaFl

atN

Rx

xx

xx

xC

DS2

5 0-

0.1

2014

00.

177

2953

7621

995

Roc

klea

Slop

eU

ndul

atin

g hi

lls &

val

ley

NR

xx

xx

xx

xx

CD

S25

0.1-

0.2

2014

0.1

0.2

Roc

klea

Und

ulat

ing

hills

& v

alle

yN

Rx

xx

xx

xx

xC

DS2

6 0-

0.1

2014

00.

177

8018

7628

974

Cap

ricor

nSl

ope

Rid

gelin

e, to

pN

Rx

xx

xx

xx

xC

DS2

6 0.

1-0.

220

140.

10.

2C

apric

orn

Rid

gelin

e, to

pN

Rx

xx

xx

xC

DS2

7 0-

0.1

2014

00.

177

7839

7628

896

Cap

ricor

nSl

ope

Dra

inag

e lin

e, u

plan

dN

Rx

xx

xx

xx

xx

xC

DS2

7 0.

1-0.

220

140.

10.

2C

apric

orn

Dra

inag

e lin

e, u

plan

dN

Rx

xx

xx

xx

CD

S28

0-0.

120

140

0.1

7774

8076

2843

8C

apric

orn

Slop

eR

idge

line,

top

NR

xx

xx

xx

xx

CD

S29

0-0.

120

140

0.1

7774

0976

2809

5C

apric

orn

Slop

eSc

ree

slop

eN

Rx

xx

xx

xx

xx

CD

S30

0-0.

120

140

0.1

7767

2776

2566

1C

apric

orn

Slop

eBr

oad

drai

nage

line

NR

xx

xx

xx

xx

CD

S30

0.1-

0.2

2014

0.1

0.2

Cap

ricor

nBr

oad

drai

nage

line

NR

xx

xx

xx

xC

DS3

1 0-

0.1

2014

00.

177

6644

7625

532

Cap

ricor

nSl

ope

Scre

e sl

ope

NR

xx

xx

xx

xx

CD

S31

0.1-

0.2

2014

0.1

0.2

Cap

ricor

nSc

ree

slop

eN

Rx

xx

xx

xx

Gle

n H

errin

g20

16-

-77

5291

7631

897

Cap

ricor

n-

Rid

gelin

es &

Scr

eesl

opes

NR

Gle

n H

errin

g20

16-

-77

4834

7632

580

Cap

ricor

n-

Rid

gelin

es &

Scr

eesl

opes

NR

Gle

n H

errin

g20

16-

-77

0917

7632

292

Roc

klea

-Sc

rees

lope

s (F

ooth

ills

& St

ony-

rises

)N

RSS

M1

2016

--

7787

4776

3383

3C

apric

orn

-U

ndul

atin

g H

ills

&Val

leys

NR

Site

K20

16-

-77

9142

7639

210

Roc

klea

-Sc

rees

lope

s (F

ooth

ills

& St

ony-

rises

)N

RSi

te L

2016

--

7800

7376

3605

6R

iver

-Fl

atN

RSi

te N

/ Pro

pose

d ca

mp

2016

--

7798

6176

3348

1Bo

olge

eda

-Fl

atN

R

Not

es:

NR

= n

ot re

cord

ed

Soil

Phys

ical

Tes

twor

kSo

il C

hem

ical

Tes

twor

kG

eoch

emic

al T

estw

ork

Land

Sys

tem

Mor

phol

ogy

Dat

e Sa

mpl

edSa

mpl

e ID

Stud

y D

ate

Dep

th (m

)Sa

mpl

e Lo

catio

nSi

te D

escr

iptio

n

Tabl

e A-

2: F

ield

Sam

ple

Sum

mar

y Sh

eet:

Min

e W

aste

sam

ples

Cor

unna

Dow

ns P

roje

ct

MW

H G

loba

lP

age

1 of

2

From

ToEa

stin

gN

orth

ing

Fiel

d Te

xtur

eSt

ruct

ure

Stre

ngth

Hyd

aulic

C

ondu

ctiv

ity

Wat

er

Ret

entio

n W

CC

D00

1420

14D

iam

ond

DH

CD

DH

0006

0.8

1.6

NR

NR

Spi

lt R

ock

Cla

stic

sed

imen

t (S

hale

)11

3S

hale

cla

y ric

hN

Rx

xx

xW

CC

D00

1520

14D

iam

ond

DH

CD

DH

0006

2222

.8N

RN

RS

pilt

Roc

kC

last

ic s

edim

ent (

Sha

le)

113

Sha

le c

lay

rich

NR

xx

xW

CC

D00

1620

14D

iam

ond

DH

CD

DH

0006

35.8

36.5

NR

NR

Spi

lt R

ock

Cla

stic

sed

imen

t (S

hale

)11

3S

ilici

fied

shal

eN

Rx

xW

CC

D00

1720

14D

iam

ond

DH

CD

DH

0006

60.8

61.3

NR

NR

Spi

lt R

ock

Cla

stic

sed

imen

t (S

hale

)11

2C

arbo

nace

ous

shal

eN

Rx

xx

WC

CD

0018

2014

Dia

mon

d D

HC

DD

H00

074.

55

NR

NR

Spi

lt R

ock

Cla

stic

sed

imen

t (S

hale

)11

2S

ilici

fied

shal

eN

Rx

xW

CC

D00

1920

14D

iam

ond

DH

CD

DH

0007

43.5

44N

RN

RS

pilt

Roc

kC

hert

111

Che

rtN

Rx

xx

WC

CD

0020

2014

Dia

mon

d D

HC

DD

H00

0749

.550

NR

NR

Spi

lt R

ock

Che

rt11

1C

hert

NR

xx

xW

CC

D00

2120

14D

iam

ond

DH

CD

DH

0007

68.1

68.7

NR

NR

Spi

lt R

ock

Jasp

ilite

110

Jasp

ilite

NR

xx

xW

CC

D00

22A

2014

Dia

mon

d D

HC

DD

H00

08N

RN

RS

pilt

Roc

kS

urfic

ial

-La

terit

e / s

oils

: 0 -

0.8

grav

elN

Rx

xx

x

WC

CD

0022

B20

14D

iam

ond

DH

CD

DH

0008

NR

NR

Spi

lt R

ock

Sur

ficia

l-

Late

rite

/ soi

ls: 0

.8 -

2.3

cem

ente

d iro

nsto

neN

Rx

xx

WC

CD

0022

C20

14D

iam

ond

DH

CD

DH

0008

NR

NR

Spi

lt R

ock

Sur

ficia

l-

Late

rite

/ soi

ls: 2

.3 -

2.6

whi

te c

lay

NR

xx

xx

xW

CC

D00

2320

14D

iam

ond

DH

CD

DH

0008

5152

NR

NR

Spi

lt R

ock

Cla

stic

sed

imen

t (S

hale

)10

2S

hale

cla

y ric

hN

Rx

xx

WC

CD

0024

2014

Dia

mon

d D

HC

DD

H00

0854

.655

.2N

RN

RS

pilt

Roc

kC

last

ic s

edim

ent (

Sha

le)

102

Sili

cifie

d sh

ale

NR

xx

xW

CC

D00

2520

14D

iam

ond

DH

CD

DH

0008

5656

.8N

RN

RS

pilt

Roc

kC

last

ic s

edim

ent (

Sha

le)

102

Car

bona

ceou

s sh

ale

NR

xx

xW

CC

D00

2620

14D

iam

ond

DH

CD

DH

0008

60.6

61.4

NR

NR

Spi

lt R

ock

Cla

stic

sed

imen

t (S

hale

)10

2S

hale

, cla

y-ric

hN

Rx

xx

WC

CD

0027

2014

Dia

mon

d D

HC

DD

H00

0867

.468

NR

NR

Spi

lt R

ock

Jasp

ilite

101

Jas p

ilite

NR

xx

xW

CC

D00

2820

14D

iam

ond

DH

CD

DH

0008

8182

NR

NR

Spi

lt R

ock

Cla

stic

sed

imen

t (S

hale

)10

1C

arbo

nace

ous

shal

eN

Rx

xx

WC

CD

0029

2014

Dia

mon

d D

HC

DR

D01

7485

.686

.1N

RN

RS

pilt

Roc

kJa

spili

te/B

IF10

4Ja

s pili

te /

band

ed-ir

on fo

rmat

ion

(BIF

)N

Rx

xx

WC

CD

0030

2014

Dia

mon

d D

HC

DR

D01

7493

.594

NR

NR

Spi

lt R

ock

Jasp

ilite

/BIF

104

Jasp

ilite

/ B

IFN

Rx

xx

WC

CD

0031

A20

14D

iam

ond

DH

CD

RD

0176

NR

NR

Spi

lt R

ock

Cla

stic

sed

imen

t (S

hale

)10

2C

arbo

nace

ous

shal

e: 4

4.0

- 44.

5 tra

nsiti

onal

NR

xx

xW

CC

D00

31B

2014

Dia

mon

d D

HC

DR

D01

76N

RN

RS

pilt

Roc

kC

last

ic s

edim

ent (

Sha

le)

102

Car

bona

ceou

s sh

ale:

44.

5 - 4

4.9

shal

eN

Rx

xx

WC

CD

0032

2014

Dia

mon

d D

HC

DR

D01

7650

51N

RN

RS

pilt

Roc

kC

last

ic s

edim

ent (

Sha

le)

102

She

ared

car

bona

ceou

s sh

ale

NR

xx

xW

CC

D00

3320

14D

iam

ond

DH

CD

RD

0176

53.3

54N

RN

RS

pilt

Roc

kC

last

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edim

ent (

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le)

102

Sul

phid

ic c

arbo

nace

ous

Sha

leN

Rx

xC

DW

120

16D

iam

ond

DH

CD

DH

0015

32.9

33.3

NR

NR

Sha

rk G

ully

BIF

NR

Goe

thite

NR

CD

W2

2016

Dia

mon

d D

HC

DD

H00

1535

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RN

RS

hark

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lyB

IFN

RG

oeth

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d ch

ert

NR

CD

W3

2016

Rev

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Circ

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hark

Gul

lyB

IFN

RG

oeth

itic-

Hae

mat

iteN

Rx

xx

xC

DW

420

16R

ever

se C

irc.

CD

RC

0212

1618

NR

NR

Sha

rk G

ully

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NR

Che

rtN

Rx

xx

xC

DW

520

16D

iam

ond

DH

CD

DH

0012

1.6

2.15

NR

NR

Run

way

BIF

NR

Goe

thite

NR

CD

W6

2016

Dia

mon

d D

HC

DD

H00

126.

87.

2N

RN

RR

unw

ayB

IFN

RC

lay

NR

xx

xx

CD

W7

2016

Dia

mon

d D

HC

DD

H00

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RN

RR

unw

ayB

IFN

RG

oeth

iteN

RC

DW

820

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ever

se C

irc.

CD

RC

0413

610

NR

NR

Run

way

BIF

NR

Goe

thiti

c-H

aem

atite

NR

xx

xx

CD

W9

2016

Rev

erse

Circ

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DR

C04

1316

18N

RN

RR

unw

ayB

IFN

RG

oeth

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mat

iteN

Rx

xC

DW

1020

16R

ever

se C

irc.

CD

RC

0413

1820

NR

NR

Run

way

BIF

NR

Goe

thite

NR

xx

CD

W11

2016

Rev

erse

Circ

.C

DR

C04

1324

26N

RN

RR

unw

ayB

IFN

RG

oeth

iteN

Rx

xC

DW

1220

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ever

se C

irc.

CD

RC

0413

2830

NR

NR

Run

way

BIF

NR

Goe

thite

NR

xx

xx

CD

W13

2016

Rev

erse

Circ

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DR

C04

528

10N

RN

RR

unw

ayB

IFN

RG

oeth

itic-

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mat

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Rx

xC

DW

1420

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ever

se C

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CD

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0369

24

NR

NR

Gle

n H

errin

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IFN

RG

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iteN

Rx

xx

xC

DW

1520

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ever

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irc.

CD

RC

0369

68

NR

NR

Gle

n H

errin

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IFN

RB

ande

d Iro

n Fo

rmat

ion

NR

xx

CD

W16

2016

Rev

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DR

C03

6916

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RG

len

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ring

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NR

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ded

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Form

atio

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xC

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ever

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CD

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2426

NR

NR

Gle

n H

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IFN

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ande

d Iro

n Fo

rmat

ion

NR

xx

xx

CD

W18

2016

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DR

C03

6932

34N

RN

RG

len

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ring

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/Che

rtN

RC

hert

NR

xx

xx

CD

W19

2016

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Circ

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DR

C03

6934

36N

RN

RG

len

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ring

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/Che

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xx

CD

W20

2016

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DR

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len

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ring

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ded

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Appendix B Soil Sample Site Descriptions

Site ID: CDS01

Site description: Calcrete flat

Landform association: Calcrete

Land System: Rocklea

Plate 1: Soil surface at Site CDS01

Plate 2: Vegetation at Site CDS01

Sample site description

0-0.1 m: Calcareous topsoil with strong polyhedral aggregates, 5 to 30 mm in size. Rounded and sub-rounded coarse fragmentscomprised approximately 15% of the material and were 2 to 20 mm in size. No root material.

0.1-0.2 m: Weak polyhedral aggregates, 5 to 45 mm in size. No coarse fragments. No root material.

Ground surface

No surface crust, cryptogam or leaf litter cover. Rounded and sub-rounded coarse fragments covered approximately 90% of the soil surface and were 2 to 20 mm in size. No active erosion. Site is flat.

Vegetation description:

No vegetation present at sample site. Triodia spp. located nearby.

Site ID: CDS02

Site description: Calcrete rise






0-0.1 m: Calcareous topsoil with weak polyhedral aggregates, 5 to 20 mm in size. Sub-rounded coarse fragments comprised approximately 20% of the material and were 2 to 80 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘few’.

0.1-0.2 m: Weak polyhedral aggregates, 5 to 40 mm in size. Rounded and sub-rounded coarse fragments comprised approximately 15% of the material and were 2 to 40 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘many’.

Ground surface

No surface crust or cryptogam cover. Leaf litter cover was less than 5%. Sub-rounded coarse fragments covered approximately 75% of the soil surface and were 2 to 80 mm in size. Site is located on a gentle slope. No erosion, however livestock surface disturbance / compaction was evident.


Various grasses and herbs present, a few Triodia spp. and Eucalyptus spp. trees nearby.

Site ID: CDS03

Site description: Granite low rise near drainage line

Landform association: Undulating hills and valleys





0-0.1 m: Rocky topsoil with weak platy-to-polyhedral aggregates, 5 to 20 mm in size. Platy coarse fragments comprised approximately 50% of the material and were 5 to 60 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘few’.

0.1-0.2 m: Single-grained. Platy coarse fragments comprised approximately 60% of the material and were 2 to 60 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘few’.

Ground surface

No surface crust or cryptogam cover. Leaf litter cover was approximately 10%. Platy and sub-angular coarse fragments covered approximately 95% of the soil surface and were 5 to 300 mm in size. Site is located on a gentle slope. No erosion.


Dominated by Triodia spp., with a sparse overstorey of Acacia spp. and Eucalyptus spp. trees.

Other comments:

Some calcareous coarse material present. Outcropping granite rock present.

Site ID: CDS04

Site description: Drainage line

Landform association: Drainage line





0-0.1 m: Silty topsoil with weak platy-to-polyhedral aggregates, 5 to 50 mm in size. Sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments comprised less than 10% of the material and were 5 to 30 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘many’.

0.1-0.2 m: Moderate polyhedral aggregates, 5 to 25 mm in size. Sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments comprised less than 10% of the material and were 5 to 30 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘many’.

Ground surface

Moderate platy surface crust with approx. 20% leaf litter cover. No cryptogams. Coarse fragments covered less than 10% of the soil surface. Site is relatively flat. Some minor erosion was present.


Dead and unhealthy Acacia spp. tree overstorey, with an understorey that comprised Solanum lasiophyllum shrubs, grasses, weeds, seedlings and herbs. Evidence of livestock grazing present.

Site ID: CDS05

Site description: Granite scree slope

Landform association: Scree slope





0-0.1 m: Rocky topsoil with moderate platy-to-polyhedral aggregates, 2 to 20 mm in size. Platy and sub-angular coarse fragments comprised approximately 50% of the material and were 2 to 60 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘few’.

Ground surface

Slight surface crust between coarse fragments. No cryptogams, less than 5% leaf litter cover. Platy and sub-angular coarse fragments covered approximately 95% of the soil surface and were 5 to 200 mm in size. Site is located on a slope. No erosion.


Dominated by Triodia spp., with herbs and seedlings.

Other comments:

Some calcareous coarse material present.

Site ID: CDS06

Site description: Scree slope






0-0.2 m: Rocky topsoil with strong polyhedral aggregates, 2 to 10 mm in size. Sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments comprised approximately 50% of the material and were 5 to 35 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘common’.

Ground surface

No surface crust or cryptogam cover. Leaf litter cover was less than 5%. Platy and sub-angular coarse fragments covered approximately 95% of the soil surface and were 5 to 150 mm in size. Site is located on a slope. No erosion.


Dominated by Triodia spp., with a few Acacia hilliana shrubs.

Site ID: CDS07

Site description: Mid-scree slope






0-0.1 m: Rocky topsoil, predominately single-grained. Platy and sub-angular coarse fragments comprised approximately 80% of the material and were 2 to 120 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘common’.

Ground surface

No surface crust or cryptogam cover. Leaf litter cover was less than 5%. Platy and sub-angular coarse fragments covered 100% of the soil surface and were 5 to 200 mm in size. Site is located on a slope. No erosion.


Scattered Triodia spp.

Other comments:

Fire burnt through area approximately six months prior to soil survey.

Site ID: CDS08

Site description: Valley between ridgelines, undulating






0-0.1 m: Rocky topsoil with weak platy-to-polyhedral aggregates, 2 to 20 mm in size. Platy and sub-angular coarse fragments comprised approximately 20% of the material and were 2 to 25 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘few’.

0.1-0.2 m: Weak polyhedral aggregates, 2 to 20 mm in size. Sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments comprised approximately 10% of the material and were 2 to 10 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘few’.

Ground surface

Moderate platy surface crust between coarse fragments. No cryptogams, less than 5% leaf litter cover. Platy and sub-angular coarse fragments covered approximately 70% of the soil surface and were 2 to 200 mm in size. Site is flat. No erosion present.


Moderate density Acacia spp. shrubs with a Triodia spp. understorey.

Site ID: CDS09

Site description: Top of ridgeline

Landform association: Ridgeline

Land System: Capricorn




0-0.1 m: Rocky topsoil, single-grained. Sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments comprised approximately 60% of the material and were 5 to 20 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘many’.

Ground surface

No surface crust or cryptogam cover. Leaf litter cover was less than 5%. Sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments covered 100% of the soil surface and were 5 to 30 mm in size. Site is located on a gentle slope. No erosion.


Scattered Triodia spp. and Solanum lasiophyllum seedlings.

Other comments:


Site ID: CDS10

Site description: Edge of ridgeline






0-0.1 m: Rocky topsoil, predominately single-grained. Sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments comprised approximately 60% of the material and were 5 to 25 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘common to many’.

0.1-0.2 m: Single-grained. Sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments comprised approximately 60% of the material and were 5 to 25 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘few to common’.

Ground surface

No surface crust or cryptogam cover. Leaf litter cover was less than 5%. Sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments covered 100% of the soil surface and were 5 to 60 mm in size. Site is located on a gentle slope. No erosion.


Scattered Triodia spp. seedlings.

Other comments:


Site ID: CDS11







0-0.1 m: Rocky topsoil, predominately single-grained. Rounded and sub-rounded coarse fragments comprised approximately 60% of the material and were 5 to 100 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘common’.

0.1-0.2 m: Single-grained. Rounded and sub-rounded coarse fragments comprised approximately 60% of the material and were 5 to 100 mm in size. Root abundance classified as‘few’.

Ground surface

No surface crust or cryptogam cover. Leaf litter cover was approximately 15%. Sub-rounded and rounded coarse fragments covered 100% of the soil surface and were 5 to 100 mm in size. Site is located on a slope. No erosion.


Dominated by Triodia spp. and grasses, with a mid-storey of Acacia spp. shrubs and a sparse overstorey of Eucalyptus spp. trees.

Site ID: CDS12







0-0.1 m: Rocky topsoil, predominately single-grained. Sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments comprised approximately 70% of the material and were 5 to 200 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘common’.

Ground surface

No surface crust or cryptogam cover. Leaf litter cover was less than 5%. Sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments covered approximately 95% of the soil surface and were 5 to 200 mm in size. Site is flat. No erosion.


Dominated by Triodia spp. with Acacia spp. and Grevillea wickhamii shrubs.

Other comments:

Outcropping granite rock present.

Site ID: CDS13

Site description: Lower scree slope






0-0.1 m: Rocky topsoil with weak polyhedral aggregates, 5 to 15 mm in size. Platy and sub-angular coarse fragments comprised approximately 60% of the material and were 5 to 50 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘few’.

Ground surface

No surface crust, cryptogam or leaf litter cover. Platy, blocky and sub-angular coarse fragments covered 100% of the soil surface and were 5 to 200 mm in size. Site is located on a slope. No erosion.


Triodia spp. seedlings.

Other comments:


Site ID: CDS14








0.1-0.2 m: Single-grained. Sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments comprised approximately 70% of the material and were 5 to 50 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘common’.

Ground surface

No surface crust or cryptogam cover. Leaf litter cover was approximately 10%. Sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments covered 100% of the soil surface and were 5 to 100 mm in size. Site is located on a slope. No erosion.


Dominated by Triodia spp. with Acacia hilliana and Grevillea wickhamii shrubs.

Other comments:

Outcropping rock present.

Site ID: CDS15







0-0.1 m: Rocky topsoil with weak polyhedral aggregates, 5 to 10 mm in size. Sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments comprised approximately 65% of the material and were 5 to 70 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘common’.

0.1-0.2 m: Single-grained. Sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments comprised approximately 40% of the material and were 5 to 40 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘common’.

Ground surface

No surface crust or cryptogam cover. Leaf litter cover was less than 5%. Sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments covered 100% of thesoil surface and were 2 to 70 mm in size. Site is flat. No erosion.


A couple of species of grass, with burnt / dead unidentifiable shrubs.

Other comments:

Fire burnt through area approximately six months prior to soil survey. No Triodia spp. present. Outcropping rock present.

Site ID: CDS16

Site description: Upland drainage line






0-0.1 m: Silty topsoil with weak polyhedral aggregates, 5 to 20 mm in size. Sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments comprised approximately 60% of the material and were 5 to 90 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘many’.

0.1-0.2 m: Single-grained. Sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments comprised approximately 60% of the material and were 5 to 60 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘many’.

Ground surface

Weak surface crust between coarse fragments. No cryptogams; less than 5% leaf litter cover. Sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragment cover was variable, ranging between 70 and 100% of the soil surface, and were 5 to 200 mm in size. Site is relatively flat. Some minor water erosion present.


Triodia spp. seedlings with a couple of species of grass. A few recovering (were burnt in the 2013 fire) Eucalyptus spp. trees present.

Other comments:

Fire burnt through area approximately six months prior to soil survey. Site located between a ridgeline and a granite outcrop.

Site ID: CDS17

Site description: Mid-scree slope






0-0.1 m: Rocky topsoil with weak polyhedral aggregates, 2 to 25 mm in size. Sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments comprised approximately 50% of the material and were 2 to 90 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘many’.

Ground surface

No surface crust, cryptogam or leaf litter cover. Sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments covered approximately 95% of the soil surface and were 2 to 200 mm in size. Site is located on a slope. No erosion present.


Triodia spp. and other unidentifiable seedlings.

Other comments:


Site ID: CDS18







0-0.1 m: Rocky topsoil with weak–to-moderate polyhedral aggregates, 5 to 20 mm in size. Sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments comprised approximately 60% of the material and were 2 to 100 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘few’.


Ground surface

Slight surface crust between coarse fragments. No cryptogams, less than 5% leaf litter cover. Sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments covered approximately 95% of the soil surface and were 2 to 100 mm in size. Site is flat. No erosion present.


Scattered grasses.

Site ID: CDS19







0-0.1 m: Rocky topsoil, predominately single-grained. Blocky and sub-angular coarse fragments comprised approximately 80% of the material and were 2 to 30 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘few’.

Ground surface

No surface crust or cryptogam cover. Leaf litter cover was approximately 10%. Blocky and sub-angular coarse fragments covered 100% of the soil surface and were 2 to 30 mm in size. Site is located on a gentle slope. No erosion.


Dominated by Acacia hilliana shrubs with Grevillea wickhamii, G. pyramidalis and Senna spp. shrubs. A few scattered Triodia spp. also present.

Site ID: CDS20







0-0.1 m: Rocky topsoil, predominately single-grained. Blocky and sub-angular coarse fragments comprised approximately 70% of the material and were 2 to 80 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘common’.


Ground surface

No surface crust or cryptogam cover. Leaf litter cover was less than 5%. Blocky and sub-angular coarse fragments covered 100% of the soil surface and were 2 to 70 mm in size. Site is flat. No erosion.


Scattered Triodia spp. with a few Ptilotus calostachyus shrubs.

Other comments:


Site ID: CDS21








Ground surface

No surface crust or cryptogam cover. Leaf litter cover was approximately 5%. Sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments covered 100% of the soil surface and were 10 to 40 mm in size. Site is located on a gentle slope. No erosion.


Dominated by Triodia spp. with Acacia hilliana shrubs, Senna spp. shrubs, Ptilotus calostachyus shrubs, Solanum lasiophyllum seedlings and a few Eucalyptus spp. trees.

Site ID: CDS22

Site description: Calcrete rise






0-0.1 m: Rocky topsoil, predominately single-grained. Sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments comprised approximately 90% of the material and were 2 to 50 mm in size. No root material.


Ground surface

No surface crust or cryptogam cover. Leaf litter cover was less than 5%. Sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments covered approximately 90% of the soil surface and were 2 to 60 mm in size. Site is relatively flat. No erosion.


Scattered Triodia wiseana with various herbs and grasses. A few recovering Acacia spp. trees and shrubs (were burnt in the 2013 fire) and Solanum lasiophyllum seedlings.

Other comments:

Fire burnt through area approximately six months prior to soil survey. Outcropping calcareous rock present.

Site ID: CDS23

Site description: Flat, broad drainage line






0-0.1 m: Silty topsoil with moderate platy-to-polyhedral aggregates, 5 to 20 mm in size. Sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments comprised less than 10% of the material and were 2 to 10 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘few’.

0.1-0.2 m: Moderate-to-strong polyhedral aggregates, 5 to 40 mm in size. Sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments comprised less than 10% of the material and were 2 to 10 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘many’.

Ground surface

No surface crust or cryptogam cover. Leaf litter cover was less than 5%. Sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments covered approximately 90% of the soil surface and were 2 to 60 mm in size. Site is relatively flat. No erosion.


Dominated by two species of Acacia shrubs with moderately distributed Triodia spp.

Site ID: CDS24

Site description: Broad flat area

Landform association: Flat





0-0.1 m: Gravelly topsoil with weak platy-to-polyhedral aggregates, 2 to 15 mm in size. Platy, sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments comprised approximately 50% of the material and were 2 to 30 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘few’.

0.1-0.2 m: Single-grained. Platy, sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments comprised approximately 50% of the material and were 2 to 40 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘many’.

Ground surface

Weak, platy surface crust with patchy cryptogam cover, up to 10% of soil surface. Approximately 5% leaf litter cover. Platy, sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments covered approximately 50% of the soil surface and were 2 to 50 mm in size. Quartz coarse fragments present. Site is relatively flat. No erosion, however livestock surface compaction was evident.


Various herbs and grasses with some scattered Triodia spp. seedlings. A few Eucalyptus spp. saplings present.

Site ID: CDS25

Site description: Broad, undulating valley






0-0.1 m: Rocky topsoil with moderate polyhedral aggregates, 5 to 50 mm in size. Sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments comprised approximately 30% of the material and were 2 to 45 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘few’ to ‘common’.


Ground surface

No surface crust or cryptogam cover. Leaf litter cover was less than 5%. Sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments covered 100% of the soil surface and were 2 to 50 mm in size. Quartz coarse fragments present. Site is located on a gentle slope. No erosion.


Various herbs and grasses with some scattered Triodia spp. seedlings.

Other comments:


Site ID: CDS26







0-0.1 m: Rocky topsoil with a few weak polyhedral aggregates, 2 to 10 mm in size. Sub-angular coarse fragments comprised approximately 75% of the material and were 2 to 40 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘few’.

0.1-0.2 m: Single-grained. Sub-angular, sub-rounded and blocky coarse fragments comprised approximately 75% of the material and were 2 to 65 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘many’.

Ground surface

No surface crust or cryptogam cover. Leaf litter cover was less than 5%. Sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments covered approximately 95% of the soil surface and were 2 to 60 mm in size. Site is located on a gentle slope. No erosion.


Dominated by Triodia spp. with a few Grevillea wickhamii shrubs.

Other comments:

Termites present.

Site ID: CDS27

Site description: Upland drainage line






0-0.1 m: Rocky topsoil, single-grained. Sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments comprised approximately 95% of the material and were 2 to 50 mm in size. No root material.

0.1-0.2 m: Single-grained. Sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments comprised approximately 95% of the material and were 2 to 100 mm in size. No root material.

Ground surface

No surface crust or cryptogam cover. Leaf litter cover was approximately 10%. Sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments covered 100% of the soil surface and were 2 to 300 mm in size. Site is located on a gentle slope. Some minor water erosion present.


Acacia turmida and Grevillea wickhamii overstorey with Triodia spp. understorey.

Other comments:


Site ID: CDS28







0-0.1 m: Rocky topsoil, single-grained. Blocky and sub-angular coarse fragments comprised approximately 70% of the material and were 2 to 50 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘common’.

Ground surface

No surface crust or cryptogam cover. Leaf litter cover was approximately 10%. Blocky and sub-angular coarse fragments covered 100% of the soil surface and were 2 to 50 mm in size. Site is located on a gentle slope. No erosion.


Dominated by Triodia spp. understorey with Acacia aneura and Eucalyptus spp. trees.

Other comments:

Outcropping ironstone rock present.

Site ID: CDS29

Site description: Upper scree slope






0-0.1 m: Rocky topsoil with a few weak polyhedral aggregates, 2 to 10 mm in size. Angular and sub-angular coarse fragments comprised approximately 80% of the material and were 2 to 90 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘common’.

Ground surface

No surface crust or cryptogam cover. Leaf litter cover was approximately 5%. Angular and sub-angular coarse fragments covered 100% of the soil surface and were 2 to 150 mm in size. Site is located on a slope. No erosion.


Dominated by Triodia spp. understorey with Grevillea wickhamii and Eucalyptus spp. trees.

Other comments:


Site ID: CDS30

Site description: Broad drainage line in a valley between ridgelines






0-0.1 m: Rocky, silty topsoil with weak polyhedral aggregates, 2 to 15 mm in size. Blockyand sub-angular coarse fragments comprised approximately 70% of the material and were 2 to 80 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘common’.

0.1-0.2 m: Single-grained. Blocky and sub-angular coarse fragments comprised approximately 60% of the material and were 2 to 60 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘common’.

Ground surface

Weak, patchy, platy surface crust. No cryptogam cover. Leaf litter cover was less than 5%. Blocky and sub-angular coarse fragment cover was variable, ranging between 10 and 60% of the soil surface, and were 2 to 80 mm in size. Site is located on a gentle slope. Some minor water erosion was present.


Mostly unidentifiable seedlings, with Triodia spp., Grevillea wickhamii and Acacia spp. nearby.

Other comments:


Site ID: CDS31







0-0.1 m: Rocky topsoil, predominately single-grained. Angular and sub-angular coarse fragments comprised approximately 70% of the material and were 2 to 60 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘common’.

0.1-0.2 m: Single-grained. Angular and sub-angular coarse fragments comprised approximately 40% of the material and were 2 to 90 mm in size. Root abundance classified as ‘many’.

Ground surface

No surface crust or cryptogam cover. Leaf litter cover was less than 5%. Sub-angular and sub-rounded coarse fragments covered 100% of the soil surface and were 2 to 200 mm in size. Site is located on a slope. No erosion.


Mostly unidentifiable seedlings and grasses, with Eucalyptus spp. seedlings, and recovering (from fire) Grevillea wickhamii shrubs.

Other comments:

Fire burnt through area approximately six months prior to soil survey. Outcropping rock present.

Site ID: Glen Herring


Landform association: Ridgelines and Screeslopes


Plate 63: Soil surface at Site Glen Herring

Plate 64: Vegetation at Site Glen Herring

N/A

Ground surface

Weak surface crust and cryptogam cover. Leaf litter cover was less than 2%. Angular and sub-angular coarse fragments covered 98% of the soil surface and were 5 to 60 mm in size. No erosion.


Sparse Triodia sp. understorey with sparse Eucalyptus upperstorey and Acacia shrubs

Surface description

Rocky red-brown soil. Flat surface with hummocky micro-relief.



Landform association: Ridgelines and Screeslopes




Surface description

Rocky red-brown soil. Gentle sloping surface with hummocky miro-relief.

Ground surface

Firm surface crust with cryptogam cover. Leaf litter cover was less than 5%. Angular and s-angular coarse fragments covered 95% of the soil surface and were 10 to 40 mm in size. No erosion.


Dominant understorey of Triodia sp. with moderate Acacia and Eucalyptus upperstorey



Landform association: Screeslopes (Foothills and stony-rises)




Surface description

Rocks over red-brown sandy soil. Flat surface with hummocky micro-relief.

Ground surface

Weak surface crust and no cryptogam cover. Leaf litter cover was less than 1%. Angular and sub-angular coarse fragments covered 60% of the soil surface and were 5 to 40 mm in size. No erosion.


Dominant understorey of Triodia sp. with sparse upperstorey of Acacia and Eucalyptus. Few Acacia shrubs.

Site ID: SSM1




Plate 69: Soil surface at Site SSM1

Plate 70: Vegetation at Site SSM1

Surface description

Flat, rocky surface with pale brown sandy soil.

Ground surface

No surface crust or cryptogam cover. Leaf litter cover was less than 2%. Angular coarse fragments covered 30% of the soil surface and were 2 to 60 mm in size. No erosion.


Triodia upperstorey with sparse Grevillea upperstorey

Site ID: Site K

Site description: Undulating hill/slope

Landform association: Screeslopes (foothills and stony-rises)


Plate 71: Soil surface at Site K

Plate 72: Vegetation at Site K

Surface description


Ground surface

Firm surface crust and no cryptogam cover. Leaf litter cover was less than 1%. Angular and sub-angular coarse fragments covered 50% of the soil surface and were 2 to 40 mm in size. No erosion.


Dominant understorey of Triodia sp with sparse mid-storey Grevillea sp.

Site ID: Site L



Land System: River

Plate 73: Soil surface at Site L

Plate 74: Vegetation at Site L

Surface description

Yellowish red sandy soil. Flat surface with hummocky micro-relief.

Ground surface

No surface crust or cryptogam cover. Leaf litter cover was less than 2-5%. Sub-angular coarse fragments covered 1% of the soil surface and were 1 to 5 mm in size. No erosion.


Dominant understorey of Triodia sp. (some grazed by cattle) with sparse mid-storey Acacia shrubs and sparse Grevillea upperstorey

Site ID: Site N/ Proposed Camp



Land System: Boolgeeda

Plate 75: Soil surface at Site N

Plate 76: Vegetation at Site N

Surface description


Ground surface

Slight surface crust and no cryptogam cover. Leaf litter cover was less than 1%. Angular and sub-angular coarse fragments covered 5a0% of the soil surface and were 2 to 50 mm in size. No erosion.


Dominant understorey of Triodia sp with midstorey Acacia shrubs



Appendix C Analytical Results Tables

Tabl

e 1

Soil

Phys

ical

Tes

t Res

ults

Soils

and

Was

te R

ock

Cha

ract

eris

atio

n St

udy

- Cor

runa

Dow

ns P

roje

ct

MW

H G

loba

l Pa

ge 1

of 2

Ana

lyte

Gro

upin

gC

oars

e M

ater

ial

Con

tent

1

Ana

lyte

Coa

rse

Mat

eria

l C

onte

nt (>

2 m

m)

Sand

(0.0

6 - 2

.00

mm

)Si

lt(2

- 60

μm

)C

lay

(<2 μm

)Fi

eld

Text

ure

Text

ure

(det

erm

ined

from

PS

D)

Mun

sell

colo

ur

code

Mun

sell

colo

ur

desc

ript

ion

LOR

0.1

11

1N

AN

AN

AN

AU

nits

%%

%%

NA

NA

NA

NA

Scre

enin

g le

vel

--

--

--

--

Land

Sys

tem

/ D

epos

itLa

ndfo

rm A

ssoc

iatio

n /

Was

te U

nit

Mat

eria

l Typ

eD

epth

Inte

rval

(m

)D

rillh

ole

IDSa

mpl

e ID

Roc

klea

Cal

cret

eTo

psoi

l0-

0.1

-C

DS

01 0

-0.1

5.8

4734

20Li

ght C

lay

Silty

loam

--

Roc

klea

Cal

cret

eTo

psoi

l0.

1-0.

2-

CD

S01

0.1

-0.2

27-

--

Ligh

t Cla

y-

--

Roc

klea

Cal

cret

eTo

psoi

l0-

0.1

-C

DS

02 0

-0.1

34-

--

Ligh

t Cla

y-

--

Roc

klea

Cal

cret

eTo

psoi

l0.

1-0.

2-

CD

S02

0.1

-0.2

3449

3219

Ligh

t Cla

ySi

lty lo

am-

-R

ockl

eaU

ndul

atin

g hi

lls &

val

leys

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S03

0-0

.157

--

-Sa

ndy

Cla

y Lo

am-

--

Roc

klea

Und

ulat

ing

hills

& v

alle

ysTo

psoi

l0.

1-0.

2-

CD

S03

0.1

-0.2

63-

--

Cla

y lo

am S

andy

--

-R

ockl

eaD

rain

a ge

line

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S04

0-0

.18.

280

614

Sand

y Lo

amSa

ndy

loam

--

Roc

klea

Dra

ina g

e lin

eTo

psoi

l0.

1-0.

2-

CD

S04

0.1

-0.2

17-

--

Loam

y Sa

nd-

--

Roc

klea

Scr

ee s

lope

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S05

0-0

.154

7016

14Sa

ndy

Cla

y Lo

amSa

ndy

loam

--

Roc

klea

Scr

ee s

lope

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S06

0-0

.157

--

-Li

ght C

lay

--

-R

ockl

eaS

cree

slo

peTo

psoi

l0.

1-0.

2-

CD

S06

0.1

-0.2

66-

--

Cla

y lo

am S

andy

--

-R

ockl

eaS

cree

slo

peTo

psoi

l0-

0.1

-C

DS

07 0

-0.1

75-

--

Sand

y Lo

am-

--

Roc

klea

Und

ulat

ing

hills

& v

alle

yTo

psoi

l0-

0.1

-C

DS

08 0

-0.1

3558

1329

Ligh

t Med

ium

Cla

ySa

ndy

clay

--

Roc

klea

Und

ulat

ing

hills

& v

alle

yTo

psoi

l0.

1-0.

2-

CD

S08

0.1

-0.2

31-

--

Ligh

t Med

ium

Cla

y-

--

Ca p

ricor

nR

idge

line,

top

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S09

0-0

.172

--

-C

lay

loam

San

dy-

--

Ca p

ricor

nR

idge

line,

edg

eTo

psoi

l0-

0.1

-C

DS

10 0

-0.1

7370

921

Sand

y C

lay

Loam

Sand

y cl

ay lo

am-

-C

a pric

orn

Rid

gelin

e, e

dge

Tops

oil

0.1-

0.2

-C

DS

10 0

.1-0

.273

--

-Sa

ndy

Cla

y Lo

am-

--

Ca p

ricor

nR

idge

line,

edg

eTo

psoi

l0-

0.1

-C

DS

11 0

-0.1

69-

--

Sand

y C

lay

Loam

--

-C

a pric

orn

Rid

gelin

e, e

dge

Tops

oil

0.1-

0.2

-C

DS

11 0

.1-0

.276

--

-Sa

ndy

Cla

y Lo

am-

--

Ca p

ricor

nR

idge

line,

top

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S12

0-0

.162

6511

24C

lay

Loam

Sand

y cl

ay lo

am-

-C

a pric

orn

Scr

ee s

lope

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S13

0-0

.175

5814

28C

lay

Loam

Sand

y cl

ay-

-C

a pric

orn

Rid

gelin

e, e

dge

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S14

0-0

.174

6811

21Lo

amSa

ndy

clay

loam

--

Ca p

ricor

nR

idge

line,

edg

eTo

psoi

l0.

1-0.

2-

CD

S14

0.1

-0.2

75-

--

Cla

y Lo

am-

--

Ca p

ricor

nR

idge

line,

top

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S15

0-0

.162

--

-Sa

ndy

Cla

y Lo

am-

--

Ca p

ricor

nR

idge

line,

top

Tops

oil

0.1-

0.2

-C

DS

15 0

.1-0

.263

--

-Li

ght C

lay

--

-C

a pric

orn

Dra

inag

e lin

e, u

plan

dTo

psoi

l0-

0.1

-C

DS

16 0

-0.1

5771

920

Sand

y Lo

amSa

ndy

clay

loam

--

Ca p

ricor

nD

rain

age

line,

upl

and

Tops

oil

0.1-

0.2

-C

DS

16 0

.1-0

.254

--

-Sa

ndy

Loam

--

-C

a pric

orn

Scr

ee s

lope

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S17

0-0

.169

--

-Sa

ndy

Loam

--

-C

a pric

orn

Rid

gelin

e, to

pTo

psoi

l0-

0.1

-C

DS

18 0

-0.1

6776

1014

Sand

y C

lay

Loam

Sand

y lo

am-

-C

a pric

orn

Rid

gelin

e, to

pTo

psoi

l0.

1-0.

2-

CD

S18

0.1

-0.2

76-

--

Sand

y C

lay

Loam

--

-C

a pric

orn

Rid

gelin

e, to

pTo

psoi

l0-

0.1

-C

DS

19 0

-0.1

7066

1420

Cla

y Lo

amSa

ndy

clay

loam

--

Ca p

ricor

nR

idge

line,

top

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S20

0-0

.173

--

-Lo

am-

--

Ca p

ricor

nR

idge

line,

top

Tops

oil

0.1-

0.2

-C

DS

20 0

.1-0

.280

--

-Sa

ndy

Cla

y Lo

am-

--

Ca p

ricor

nS

cree

slo

peTo

psoi

l0-

0.1

-C

DS

21 0

-0.1

67-

--

--

--

Ca p

ricor

nS

cree

slo

peTo

psoi

l0.

1-0.

2-

CD

S21

0.1

-0.2

72-

--

Sand

y C

lay

Loam

--

-R

ockl

eaC

alcr

ete

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S22

0-0

.170

--

-Sa

ndy

Cla

y Lo

am-

--

Roc

klea

Cal

cret

eTo

psoi

l0.

1-0.

2-

CD

S22

0.1

-0.2

68-

--

Sand

y C

lay

Loam

--

-R

ockl

eaB

road

dra

ina g

e lin

eTo

psoi

l0-

0.1

-C

DS

23 0

-0.1

14-

--

--

--

Roc

klea

Bro

ad d

rain

a ge

line

Tops

oil

0.1-

0.2

-C

DS

23 0

.1-0

.213

--

-Sa

ndy

Cla

y Lo

am-

--

Roc

klea

Flat

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S24

0-0

.164

--

-Sa

ndy

Cla

y Lo

am-

--

Roc

klea

Flat

Tops

oil

0.1-

0.2

-C

DS

24 0

.1-0

.266

--

-Sa

ndy

Loam

--

-R

ockl

eaU

ndul

atin

g hi

lls &

val

ley

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S25

0-0

.161

6918

13Li

ght C

lay

--

-R

ockl

eaU

ndul

atin

g hi

lls &

val

ley

Tops

oil

0.1-

0.2

-C

DS

25 0

.1-0

.259

6718

15Li

ght C

lay

Loam

--

Ca p

ricor

nR

idge

line,

top

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S26

0-0

.168

--

-Sa

ndy

Cla

y Lo

am-

--

Ca p

ricor

nR

idge

line,

top

Tops

oil

0.1-

0.2

-C

DS

26 0

.1-0

.277

--

-Sa

ndy

Cla

y Lo

am-

--

Ca p

ricor

nD

rain

age

line,

upl

and

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S27

0-0

.175

--

-Sa

nd-

--

Ca p

ricor

nD

rain

age

line,

upl

and

Tops

oil

0.1-

0.2

-C

DS

27 0

.1-0

.282

--

-Sa

nd-

--

Ca p

ricor

nR

idge

line,

top

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S28

0-0

.166

6812

19Lo

amSa

ndy

clay

loam

--

Ca p

ricor

nS

cree

slo

peTo

psoi

l0-

0.1

-C

DS

29 0

-0.1

70-

--

sand

y lo

am-

-C

a pric

orn

Bro

ad d

rain

age

line

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S30

0-0

.167

689

23Sa

ndy

Cla

y Lo

amSa

ndy

clay

loam

--

Ca p

ricor

nB

road

dra

inag

e lin

eTo

psoi

l0.

1-0.

2-

CD

S30

0.1

-0.2

71-

--

Sand

y C

lay

Loam

--

Ca p

ricor

nS

cree

slo

peTo

psoi

l0-

0.1

-C

DS

31 0

-0.1

7574

1016

Sand

y Lo

amSa

ndy

loam

--

Ca p

ricor

nS

cree

slo

peTo

psoi

l0.

1-0.

2-

CD

S31

0.1

-0.2

78-

--

Sand

y lo

am-

-S

plit

Roc

kC

last

ic s

ed (s

hale

)W

aste

Roc

k0.

8-1.

6C

DD

H00

06W

CC

D00

14-

4521

34-

Cla

y lo

am-

-S

plit

Roc

kC

last

ic s

ed (s

hale

)W

aste

Roc

k22

.0-2

2.8

CD

DH

0006

WC

CD

0015

-33

3433

-Si

lty c

lay

loam

--

Spl

it R

ock

Cla

stic

sed

(sha

le)

Was

te R

ock

35.8

-36.

5C

DD

H00

06W

CC

D00

16-

5425

20-

Silt y

loam

--

Spl

it R

ock

Cla

stic

sed

(sha

le)

Was

te R

ock

60.8

-61.

3C

DD

H00

06W

CC

D00

17-

--

-Lo

amy

sand

--

-S

plit

Roc

kC

last

ic s

ed (s

hale

)W

aste

Roc

k4.

5-5.

0C

DD

H00

07W

CC

D00

18-

875

8-

Loam

y sa

nd-

-S

plit

Roc

kC

hert

Was

te R

ock

43.5

-44.

0C

DD

H00

07W

CC

D00

19-

952

3-

Sand

--

Spl

it R

ock

Che

rtW

aste

Roc

k49

.5-5

0.0

CD

DH

0007

WC

CD

0020

--

--

Sand

--

-S

plit

Roc

kJa

spilit

eW

aste

Roc

k68

.1-6

8.7

CD

DH

0007

WC

CD

0021

--

--

Cla

yey

sand

--

-S

plit

Roc

kS

urfic

ial

Was

te R

ock

0-0.

8C

DD

H00

08W

CC

D00

22 A

--

--

Ligh

t cla

y-

--

Spl

it R

ock

Sur

ficia

lW

aste

Roc

k0.

8-2.

3C

DD

H00

08W

CC

D00

22 B

-91

36

-Sa

nd-

-S

plit

Roc

kS

urfic

ial

Was

te R

ock

2.3-

2.6

CD

DH

0008

WC

CD

0022

C-

--

-C

lay

loam

san

dy-

--

Spl

it R

ock

Cla

stic

sed

(sha

le)

Was

te R

ock

51.0

-52.

0C

DD

H00

08W

CC

D00

23-

--

-C

lay

loam

san

dy-

--

Spl

it R

ock

Cla

stic

sed

(sha

le)

Was

te R

ock

54.6

-55.

2C

DD

H00

08W

CC

D00

24-

--

-C

lay

loam

san

dy-

--

Spl

it R

ock

Cla

stic

sed

(sha

le)

Was

te R

ock

56.0

-56.

8C

DD

H00

08W

CC

D00

25-

--

-C

laye

y sa

nd-

--

Spl

it R

ock

Cla

stic

sed

(sha

le)

Was

te R

ock

60.6

-61.

4C

DD

H00

08W

CC

D00

26-

--

-Li

ght c

lay

--

-S

plit

Roc

kJa

spilit

eW

aste

Roc

k67

.4-6

8.0

CD

DH

0008

WC

CD

0027

-81

109

-Lo

amy

sand

--

Spl

it R

ock

Cla

stic

sed

(sha

le)

Was

te R

ock

81.0

-82.

0C

DD

H00

08W

CC

D00

28-

--

-Lo

amy

sand

--

-S

plit

Roc

kJa

spilit

ic /

BIF

Was

te R

ock

85.6

-86.

1C

DR

D01

74W

CC

D00

29-

915

4-

Sand

--

Spl

it R

ock

Jasp

ilitic

/ B

IFW

aste

Roc

k93

.5-9

4.0

CD

RD

0174

WC

CD

0030

--

--

Cla

yey

sand

--

-S

plit

Roc

kC

last

ic s

ed (s

hale

)W

aste

Roc

k44

.0-4

4.5

CD

RD

0176

WC

CD

0031

A-

829

9-

Loam

y sa

nd-

-S

plit

Roc

kC

last

ic s

ed (s

hale

)W

aste

Roc

k44

.5-4

4.9

CD

RD

0176

WC

CD

0031

B-

--

-Si

lt y lo

am-

--

Spl

it R

ock

Cla

stic

sed

(sha

le)

Was

te R

ock

50.0

-51.

0C

DR

D01

76W

CC

D00

32-

--

-Si

lty lo

am-

--

Spl

it R

ock

Cla

stic

sed

(sha

le)

Was

te R

ock

53.3

-54.

0C

DR

D01

76W

CC

D00

33-

875

8-

Loam

y sa

nd-

-S

hark

Gul

l yB

IFW

aste

Roc

k32

.8-3

3.3

CD

DH

0015

CD

W01

-74

1016

-Sa

ndy

loam

--

Sha

rk G

ull y

BIF

Was

te R

ock

35.5

-36.

2C

DD

H00

15C

DW

02-

8210

8-

Loam

y sa

nd-

-S

hark

Gul

l yB

IFW

aste

Roc

k10

-12

CD

RC

0212

CD

W03

-78

148

-Lo

amy

sand

2.5

YR 3

/6D

ark

red

Sha

rk G

ull y

BIF

Was

te R

ock

16-1

8C

DR

C02

12C

DW

04-

806

14-

Sand

y lo

am2.

5 YR

3/6

Dar

k re

dR

unw

a yB

IFW

aste

Roc

k1.

6-2.

15C

DD

H00

12C

DW

05-

529

39-

Cla

y-

-R

unw

a yB

IFW

aste

Roc

k6.

8-7.

2C

DD

H00

12C

DW

0663

--

--

-2.

5 YR

3/6

Dar

k re

dR

unw

a yB

IFW

aste

Roc

k15

.8-1

6.3

CD

DH

0012

CD

W07

--

--

--

--

Run

way

BIF

Was

te R

ock

6-10

CD

RC

0413

CD

W08

-80

128

-Lo

amy

sand

5 YR

3/4

Dar

k re

ddis

h br

own

Run

wa y

BIF

Was

te R

ock

16-1

8C

DR

C04

13C

DW

09-

--

--

-2.

5 YR

3/6

Dar

k re

dR

unw

a yB

IFW

aste

Roc

k18

-20

CD

RC

0413

CD

W10

--

--

--

5 YR

5/6

Yello

wis

h re

dR

unw

a yB

IFW

aste

Roc

k24

-26

CD

RC

0413

CD

W11

-71

1614

-Lo

am7.

5 YR

5/8

Stro

n g b

row

nR

unw

a yB

IFW

aste

Roc

k28

-30

CD

RC

0413

CD

W12

--

--

--

5 YR

5/8

Yello

wis

h re

dR

unw

a yB

IFW

aste

Roc

k8-

10C

DR

C04

52C

DW

13-

7911

10-

Loam

y sa

nd5

YR 4

/6Ye

llow

ish

red

Gle

n H

errin

gB

IFW

aste

Roc

k2-

4C

DR

C03

69C

DW

14-

--

--

-5

YR 3

/4D

ark

redd

ish

brow

nG

len

Her

ring

BIF

Was

te R

ock

6-8

CD

RC

0369

CD

W15

-85

96

-Lo

amy

sand

5 YR

3/4

Dar

k re

ddis

h br

own

Gle

n H

errin

gB

IFW

aste

Roc

k16

-18

CD

RC

0369

CD

W16

--

--

--

2.5

YR 3

/6D

ark

red

Gle

n H

errin

gB

IFW

aste

Roc

k24

-26

CD

RC

0369

CD

W17

-78

149

-Lo

amy

sand

10 Y

R 5

/8Ye

llow

ish

brow

nG

len

Her

ring

BIF

/Che

rtW

aste

Roc

k32

-34

CD

RC

0369

CD

W18

--

--

--

7.5

YR 5

/6St

ron g

bro

wn

Gle

n H

errin

gB

IF/C

hert

Was

te R

ock

34-3

6C

DR

C03

69C

DW

19-

--

--

-10

YR

7/3

Ver y

pal

e br

own

Gle

n H

errin

gB

IFW

aste

Roc

k52

-54

CD

RC

0369

CD

W20

-85

411

-Sa

ndy

loam

2.5

YR 4

/8R

edG

len

Her

ring

BIF

Was

te R

ock

6.6-

7C

DD

H00

19C

DW

21-

--

--

--

-G

len

Her

ring

BIF

Was

te R

ock

11.4

-11.

9C

DD

H00

19C

DW

22-

845

11-

Sand

y lo

am-

-G

len

Her

ring

BIF

Was

te R

ock

25-2

5.5

CD

DH

0019

CD

W23

--

--

--

--

Gle

n H

errin

gB

IFW

aste

Roc

k19

.4-2

0C

DD

H00

20C

DW

24-

819

10-

Loam

y sa

nd-

-G

len

Her

ring

Jasp

ilite/

BIF

Was

te R

ock

21.2

-21.

7C

DD

H00

20C

DW

25-

--

--

--

-

Not

es:

- N

ot a

naly

sed

/ not

cal

cula

ted

1. C

oars

e m

ater

ial c

onte

nt d

eter

min

ed v

ia d

ry s

eivi

ng m

etho

d.

2. S

oil c

olou

r cla

sses

der

ived

from

Mun

sell

Soi

l Col

our C

harts

(Mun

sell,

200

0)3.

Soi

l sta

bilit

y cl

asse

s de

rived

from

Moo

re, 1

998

4. D

rain

age

clas

ses

deriv

ed fr

om H

unt &

Gilk

es, 1

992

Part

icle

Siz

e D

istr

ibut

ion

Soil

Col

our

2So

il Te

xtur

e

Tabl

e 1

Soil

Phys

ical

Tes

t Res

ults

Soils

and

Was

te R

ock

Cha

ract

eris

atio

n St

udy

- Cor

runa

Dow

ns P

roje

ct

MW

H G

loba

l Pa

ge 2

of 2

Ana

lyte

Gro

upin

g

Ana

lyte

LOR

Uni

tsSc

reen

ing

leve

l

Land

Sys

tem

/ D

e pos

itLa

ndfo

rm A

ssoc

iatio

n /

Was

te U

nit

Mat

eria

l Typ

eD

epth

Inte

rval

(m

)D

rillh

ole

IDSa

mpl

e ID

Roc

klea

Cal

cret

eTo

psoi

l0-

0.1

-C

DS

01 0

-0.1

Roc

klea

Cal

cret

eTo

psoi

l0.

1-0.

2-

CD

S01

0.1

-0.2

Roc

klea

Cal

cret

eTo

psoi

l0-

0.1

-C

DS

02 0

-0.1

Roc

klea

Cal

cret

eTo

psoi

l0.

1-0.

2-

CD

S02

0.1

-0.2

Roc

klea

Und

ulat

ing

hills

& v

alle

ysTo

psoi

l0-

0.1

-C

DS

03 0

-0.1

Roc

klea

Und

ulat

ing

hills

& v

alle

ysTo

psoi

l0.

1-0.

2-

CD

S03

0.1

-0.2

Roc

klea

Dra

inag

e lin

eTo

psoi

l0-

0.1

-C

DS

04 0

-0.1

Roc

klea

Dra

inag

e lin

eTo

psoi

l0.

1-0.

2-

CD

S04

0.1

-0.2

Roc

klea

Scr

ee s

lope

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S05

0-0

.1R

ockl

eaS

cree

slo

peTo

psoi

l0-

0.1

-C

DS

06 0

-0.1

Roc

klea

Scr

ee s

lope

Tops

oil

0.1-

0.2

-C

DS

06 0

.1-0

.2R

ockl

eaS

cree

slo

peTo

psoi

l0-

0.1

-C

DS

07 0

-0.1

Roc

klea

Und

ulat

ing

hills

& v

alle

yTo

psoi

l0-

0.1

-C

DS

08 0

-0.1

Roc

klea

Und

ulat

ing

hills

& v

alle

yTo

psoi

l0.

1-0.

2-

CD

S08

0.1

-0.2

Cap

ricor

nR

idge

line,

top

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S09

0-0

.1C

apric

orn

Rid

gelin

e, e

dge

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S10

0-0

.1C

apric

orn

Rid

gelin

e, e

dge

Tops

oil

0.1-

0.2

-C

DS

10 0

.1-0

.2C

apric

orn

Rid

gelin

e, e

dge

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S11

0-0

.1C

apric

orn

Rid

gelin

e, e

dge

Tops

oil

0.1-

0.2

-C

DS

11 0

.1-0

.2C

apric

orn

Rid

gelin

e, to

pTo

psoi

l0-

0.1

-C

DS

12 0

-0.1

Cap

ricor

nS

cree

slo

peTo

psoi

l0-

0.1

-C

DS

13 0

-0.1

Cap

ricor

nR

idge

line,

edg

eTo

psoi

l0-

0.1

-C

DS

14 0

-0.1

Cap

ricor

nR

idge

line,

edg

eTo

psoi

l0.

1-0.

2-

CD

S14

0.1

-0.2

Cap

ricor

nR

idge

line,

top

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S15

0-0

.1C

apric

orn

Rid

gelin

e, to

pTo

psoi

l0.

1-0.

2-

CD

S15

0.1

-0.2

Ca p

ricor

nD

rain

age

line,

upl

and

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S16

0-0

.1C

apric

orn

Dra

inag

e lin

e, u

plan

dTo

psoi

l0.

1-0.

2-

CD

S16

0.1

-0.2

Cap

ricor

nS

cree

slo

peTo

psoi

l0-

0.1

-C

DS

17 0

-0.1

Cap

ricor

nR

idge

line,

top

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S18

0-0

.1C

apric

orn

Rid

gelin

e, to

pTo

psoi

l0.

1-0.

2-

CD

S18

0.1

-0.2

Cap

ricor

nR

idge

line,

top

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S19

0-0

.1C

apric

orn

Rid

gelin

e, to

pTo

psoi

l0-

0.1

-C

DS

20 0

-0.1

Cap

ricor

nR

idge

line,

top

Tops

oil

0.1-

0.2

-C

DS

20 0

.1-0

.2C

apric

orn

Scr

ee s

lope

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S21

0-0

.1C

apric

orn

Scr

ee s

lope

Tops

oil

0.1-

0.2

-C

DS

21 0

.1-0

.2R

ockl

eaC

alcr

ete

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S22

0-0

.1R

ockl

eaC

alcr

ete

Tops

oil

0.1-

0.2

-C

DS

22 0

.1-0

.2R

ockl

eaB

road

dra

inag

e lin

eTo

psoi

l0-

0.1

-C

DS

23 0

-0.1

Roc

klea

Bro

ad d

rain

age

line

Tops

oil

0.1-

0.2

-C

DS

23 0

.1-0

.2R

ockl

eaFl

atTo

psoi

l0-

0.1

-C

DS

24 0

-0.1

Roc

klea

Flat

Tops

oil

0.1-

0.2

-C

DS

24 0

.1-0

.2R

ockl

eaU

ndul

atin

g hi

lls &

val

ley

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S25

0-0

.1R

ockl

eaU

ndul

atin

g hi

lls &

val

ley

Tops

oil

0.1-

0.2

-C

DS

25 0

.1-0

.2C

apric

orn

Rid

gelin

e, to

pTo

psoi

l0-

0.1

-C

DS

26 0

-0.1

Cap

ricor

nR

idge

line,

top

Tops

oil

0.1-

0.2

-C

DS

26 0

.1-0

.2C

apric

orn

Dra

inag

e lin

e, u

plan

dTo

psoi

l0-

0.1

-C

DS

27 0

-0.1

Cap

ricor

nD

rain

age

line,

upl

and

Tops

oil

0.1-

0.2

-C

DS

27 0

.1-0

.2C

apric

orn

Rid

gelin

e, to

pTo

psoi

l0-

0.1

-C

DS

28 0

-0.1

Cap

ricor

nS

cree

slo

peTo

psoi

l0-

0.1

-C

DS

29 0

-0.1

Ca p

ricor

nB

road

dra

inag

e lin

eTo

psoi

l0-

0.1

-C

DS

30 0

-0.1

Cap

ricor

nB

road

dra

inag

e lin

eTo

psoi

l0.

1-0.

2-

CD

S30

0.1

-0.2

Ca p

ricor

nS

cree

slo

peTo

psoi

l0-

0.1

-C

DS

31 0

-0.1

Cap

ricor

nS

cree

slo

peTo

psoi

l0.

1-0.

2-

CD

S31

0.1

-0.2

Spl

it R

ock

Cla

stic

sed

(sha

le)

Was

te R

ock

0.8-

1.6

CD

DH

0006

WC

CD

0014

Spl

it R

ock

Cla

stic

sed

(sha

le)

Was

te R

ock

22.0

-22.

8C

DD

H00

06W

CC

D00

15S

plit

Roc

kC

last

ic s

ed (s

hale

)W

aste

Roc

k35

.8-3

6.5

CD

DH

0006

WC

CD

0016

Spl

it R

ock

Cla

stic

sed

(sha

le)

Was

te R

ock

60.8

-61.

3C

DD

H00

06W

CC

D00

17S

plit

Roc

kC

last

ic s

ed (s

hale

)W

aste

Roc

k4.

5-5.

0C

DD

H00

07W

CC

D00

18S

plit

Roc

kC

hert

Was

te R

ock

43.5

-44.

0C

DD

H00

07W

CC

D00

19S

plit

Roc

kC

hert

Was

te R

ock

49.5

-50.

0C

DD

H00

07W

CC

D00

20S

plit

Roc

kJa

spilit

eW

aste

Roc

k68

.1-6

8.7

CD

DH

0007

WC

CD

0021

Spl

it R

ock

Sur

ficia

lW

aste

Roc

k0-

0.8

CD

DH

0008

WC

CD

0022

AS

plit

Roc

kS

urfic

ial

Was

te R

ock

0.8-

2.3

CD

DH

0008

WC

CD

0022

BS

plit

Roc

kS

urfic

ial

Was

te R

ock

2.3-

2.6

CD

DH

0008

WC

CD

0022

CS

plit

Roc

kC

last

ic s

ed (s

hale

)W

aste

Roc

k51

.0-5

2.0

CD

DH

0008

WC

CD

0023

Spl

it R

ock

Cla

stic

sed

(sha

le)

Was

te R

ock

54.6

-55.

2C

DD

H00

08W

CC

D00

24S

plit

Roc

kC

last

ic s

ed (s

hale

)W

aste

Roc

k56

.0-5

6.8

CD

DH

0008

WC

CD

0025

Spl

it R

ock

Cla

stic

sed

(sha

le)

Was

te R

ock

60.6

-61.

4C

DD

H00

08W

CC

D00

26S

plit

Roc

kJa

spilit

eW

aste

Roc

k67

.4-6

8.0

CD

DH

0008

WC

CD

0027

Spl

it R

ock

Cla

stic

sed

(sha

le)

Was

te R

ock

81.0

-82.

0C

DD

H00

08W

CC

D00

28S

plit

Roc

kJa

spilit

ic /

BIF

Was

te R

ock

85.6

-86.

1C

DR

D01

74W

CC

D00

29S

plit

Roc

kJa

spilit

ic /

BIF

Was

te R

ock

93.5

-94.

0C

DR

D01

74W

CC

D00

30S

plit

Roc

kC

last

ic s

ed (s

hale

)W

aste

Roc

k44

.0-4

4.5

CD

RD

0176

WC

CD

0031

AS

plit

Roc

kC

last

ic s

ed (s

hale

)W

aste

Roc

k44

.5-4

4.9

CD

RD

0176

WC

CD

0031

BS

plit

Roc

kC

last

ic s

ed (s

hale

)W

aste

Roc

k50

.0-5

1.0

CD

RD

0176

WC

CD

0032

Spl

it R

ock

Cla

stic

sed

(sha

le)

Was

te R

ock

53.3

-54.

0C

DR

D01

76W

CC

D00

33S

hark

Gul

lyB

IFW

aste

Roc

k32

.8-3

3.3

CD

DH

0015

CD

W01

Sha

rk G

ully

BIF

Was

te R

ock

35.5

-36.

2C

DD

H00

15C

DW

02S

hark

Gul

lyB

IFW

aste

Roc

k10

-12

CD

RC

0212

CD

W03

Sha

rk G

ully

BIF

Was

te R

ock

16-1

8C

DR

C02

12C

DW

04R

unw

ayB

IFW

aste

Roc

k1.

6-2.

15C

DD

H00

12C

DW

05R

unw

ayB

IFW

aste

Roc

k6.

8-7.

2C

DD

H00

12C

DW

06R

unw

ayB

IFW

aste

Roc

k15

.8-1

6.3

CD

DH

0012

CD

W07

Run

way

BIF

Was

te R

ock

6-10

CD

RC

0413

CD

W08

Run

way

BIF

Was

te R

ock

16-1

8C

DR

C04

13C

DW

09R

unw

ayB

IFW

aste

Roc

k18

-20

CD

RC

0413

CD

W10

Run

way

BIF

Was

te R

ock

24-2

6C

DR

C04

13C

DW

11R

unw

a yB

IFW

aste

Roc

k28

-30

CD

RC

0413

CD

W12

Run

way

BIF

Was

te R

ock

8-10

CD

RC

0452

CD

W13

Gle

n H

errin

gB

IFW

aste

Roc

k2-

4C

DR

C03

69C

DW

14G

len

Her

ring

BIF

Was

te R

ock

6-8

CD

RC

0369

CD

W15

Gle

n H

errin

gB

IFW

aste

Roc

k16

-18

CD

RC

0369

CD

W16

Gle

n H

errin

gB

IFW

aste

Roc

k24

-26

CD

RC

0369

CD

W17

Gle

n H

errin

gB

IF/C

hert

Was

te R

ock

32-3

4C

DR

C03

69C

DW

18G

len

Her

ring

BIF

/Che

rtW

aste

Roc

k34

-36

CD

RC

0369

CD

W19

Gle

n H

errin

gB

IFW

aste

Roc

k52

-54

CD

RC

0369

CD

W20

Gle

n H

errin

gB

IFW

aste

Roc

k6.

6-7

CD

DH

0019

CD

W21

Gle

n H

errin

gB

IFW

aste

Roc

k11

.4-1

1.9

CD

DH

0019

CD

W22

Gle

n H

errin

gB

IFW

aste

Roc

k25

-25.

5C

DD

H00

19C

DW

23G

len

Her

ring

BIF

Was

te R

ock

19.4

-20

CD

DH

0020

CD

W24

Gle

n H

errin

gJa

spilit

e/B

IFW

aste

Roc

k21

.2-2

1.7

CD

DH

0020

CD

W25

Not

es:

- N

ot a

naly

sed

/ not

cal

cula

ted

1. C

oars

e m

ater

ial c

onte

nt d

eter

min

ed v

ia d

ry s

eivi

ng m

etho

d.

2. S

oil c

olou

r cla

sses

der

ived

from

Mun

sell

Soi

l Col

our C

harts

(Mun

sell,

200

0)3.

Soi

l sta

bilit

y cl

asse

s de

rived

from

Moo

re, 1

998

4. D

rain

age

clas

ses

deriv

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0.61

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12.

41<

0.1

Cap

ricor

nB

road

dra

inag

e lin

eTo

psoi

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30 0

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6.6

5.6

0.03

0.98

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0.33

0.58

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Ca p

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13.

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Cap

ricor

nS

cree

slo

peTo

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31 0

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6.3

5.7

0.03

0.96

--

--

--

Ca p

ricor

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slo

peTo

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CD

S31

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6.5

5.5

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0.61

--

--

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Spl

it R

ock

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stic

sed

(sha

le)

Was

te R

ock

0.8-

1.6

CD

DH

0006

WC

CD

0014

8.2

7.6

2.30

0.14

11.8

0.26

3.91

0.39

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it R

ock

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stic

sed

(sha

le)

Was

te R

ock

22.0

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DD

H00

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CC

D00

158.

57.

10.

760.

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390.

151.

860.

182.

587.

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plit

Roc

kC

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ic s

ed (s

hale

)W

aste

Roc

k35

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6.5

CD

DH

0006

WC

CD

0016

9.4

7.5

0.21

0.07

1.34

0.37

5.55

0.57

7.83

7.3

Spl

it R

ock

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stic

sed

(sha

le)

Was

te R

ock

60.8

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3C

DD

H00

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CC

D00

177.

86.

50.

03<

0.05

--

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--

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it R

ock

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sed

(sha

le)

Was

te R

ock

4.5-

5.0

CD

DH

0007

WC

CD

0018

8.7

6.9

0.06

< 0.

050.

510.

060.

75<

0.1

1.32

< 0.

1S

plit

Roc

kC

hert

Was

te R

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43.5

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0C

DD

H00

07W

CC

D00

197.

86.

60.

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0.05

0.15

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< 0.

10.

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rtW

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Roc

k49

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CD

DH

0007

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CD

0020

7.7

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CC

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22 A

7.3

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0.78

2.74

0.24

0.84

0.14

3.96

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Sul

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lW

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Roc

k0.

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D00

22 B

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DH

0008

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0026

7.8

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Roc

kJa

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Roc

k67

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DH

0008

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0027

8.0

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0.64

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it R

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287.

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/ B

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Roc

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RD

0174

WC

CD

0029

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Roc

k93

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RD

0174

WC

CD

0030

7.4

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Roc

kC

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Roc

k44

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RD

0176

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CD

0031

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87.

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0176

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0031

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0176

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8.8

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it R

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339.

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396.

511.

348.

6515

Sha

rk G

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BIF

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3C

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01-

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hark

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Roc

k35

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CD

DH

0015

CD

W02

8.1

6.8

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0.09

0.24

0.03

0.71

0.21

1.19

18S

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RC

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0.33

0.59

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--

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--

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Gle

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ock

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25-2

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CD

DH

0019

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W23

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6329

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257.

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813.

5423

Not

es:

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ot a

naly

sed

/ not

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cula

ted

1. e

CE

C is

cal

cula

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from

the

sum

of b

asic

cat

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K, M

g, N

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ES

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cal

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sod

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and

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EC

Phys

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able

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Che

mic

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nd W

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k C

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Stud

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orru

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owns

Pro

ject

MW

H G

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age

2 of

2

Anal

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g

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LOR

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tsSc

reen

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tem

/ D

e pos

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rm A

ssoc

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n /

Was

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(m)

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Was

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Spl

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Was

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207.

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DH

0019

CD

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Was

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25-2

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CD

DH

0019

CD

W23

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DH

0020

CD

W25

7.1

1420

0.06

300

0.05

01.

532.

2

Not

es:

- or

NA

= N

ot a

naly

sed

/ not

cal

cula

ted

1. A

P Is

cal

cula

ted

from

Tot

al s

ulfu

r % a

nd s

ulfa

te s

ulfu

r (de

rived

from

tota

l suf

ur w

here

sul

fate

sul

fur i

s no

t ana

lyse

d)2.

NP

is d

eriv

ed fr

om A

NC

3. N

AP

P (a

s re

porte

d fro

m la

b, c

alcu

late

d us

ing

Tota

l sul

fur a

nd A

NC

)4.

Cal

cula

ted

NA

PP

= A

P-N

P (A

ssum

es v

alue

s be

low

det

ectio

n lim

it ar

e ze

ro)

5. S

ampl

e cl

assi

ficat

ion

crite

ria (r

efer

to T

able

E-8

-1).

UN

C s

ampl

es h

ave

been

giv

en a

rbitr

ary

clas

sific

atio

ns fo

r the

pur

pose

of r

ecom

men

ding

man

agem

ent s

trate

gies

(PA

F LC d

enot

es p

oten

tial t

o ge

nera

te lo

w le

vels

of a

cidi

ty)

Phys

io-c

hem

ical

Par

amet

ers

NA

PP C

alcu

latio

n

Tabl

e 3

Geo

chem

ical

Tes

t Res

ults

Soils

and

Was

te R

ock

Cha

ract

eris

atio

n St

udy

- Cor

runa

Dow

ns P

roje

ct

MW

H G

loba

lP

age

2 of

2

Ana

lyte

Gro

upin

g

Ana

lyte

LOR

Uni

ts

Dep

osit

Was

te U

nit

Mat

eria

l Typ

eD

epth

Inte

rval

(m)

Dril

lhol

e ID

Sam

ple

IDS

plit

Roc

kC

last

ic s

ed (s

hale

)W

aste

Roc

k0.

8-1.

6C

DD

H00

06W

CC

D00

14S

plit

Roc

kC

last

ic s

ed (s

hale

)W

aste

Roc

k22

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2.8

CD

DH

0006

WC

CD

0015

Spl

it R

ock

Cla

stic

sed

(sha

le)

Was

te R

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35.8

-36.

5C

DD

H00

06W

CC

D00

16S

plit

Roc

kC

last

ic s

ed (s

hale

)W

aste

Roc

k60

.8-6

1.3

CD

DH

0006

WC

CD

0017

Spl

it R

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Cla

stic

sed

(sha

le)

Was

te R

ock

4.5-

5.0

CD

DH

0007

WC

CD

0018

Spl

it R

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Che

rtW

aste

Roc

k43

.5-4

4.0

CD

DH

0007

WC

CD

0019

Spl

it R

ock

Che

rtW

aste

Roc

k49

.5-5

0.0

CD

DH

0007

WC

CD

0020

Spl

it R

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Jasp

ilite

Was

te R

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68.1

-68.

7C

DD

H00

07W

CC

D00

21S

plit

Roc

kS

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ial

Was

te R

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0-0.

8C

DD

H00

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CC

D00

22 A

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it R

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Sul

ficia

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Roc

k0.

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DD

H00

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it R

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Roc

k2.

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(sha

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Was

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51.0

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0C

DD

H00

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CC

D00

23S

plit

Roc

kC

last

ic s

ed (s

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)W

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Roc

k54

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CD

DH

0008

WC

CD

0024

Spl

it R

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Cla

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sed

(sha

le)

Was

te R

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56.0

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8C

DD

H00

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CC

D00

25S

plit

Roc

kC

last

ic s

ed (s

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)W

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Roc

k60

.6-6

1.4

CD

DH

0008

WC

CD

0026

Spl

it R

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Jasp

ilite

Was

te R

ock

67.4

-68.

0C

DD

H00

08W

CC

D00

27S

plit

Roc

kC

last

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ed (s

hale

)W

aste

Roc

k81

.0-8

2.0

CD

DH

0008

WC

CD

0028

Spl

it R

ock

Jasp

ilitic

/ B

IFW

aste

Roc

k85

.6-8

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CD

RD

0174

WC

CD

0029

Spl

it R

ock

Jasp

ilitic

/ B

IFW

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Roc

k93

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CD

RD

0174

WC

CD

0030

Spl

it R

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Cla

stic

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(sha

le)

Was

te R

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44.0

-44.

5C

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D01

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CC

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31 A

Spl

it R

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Cla

stic

sed

(sha

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Was

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44.5

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D01

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31 B

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it R

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stic

sed

(sha

le)

Was

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50.0

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D01

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32S

plit

Roc

kC

last

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ed (s

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)W

aste

Roc

k53

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4.0

CD

RD

0176

WC

CD

0033

Sha

rk G

ully

BIF

Was

te R

ock

32.8

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3C

DD

H00

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DW

01S

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Gul

lyB

IFW

aste

Roc

k35

.5-3

6.2

CD

DH

0015

CD

W02

Sha

rk G

ully

BIF

Was

te R

ock

10-1

2C

DR

C02

12C

DW

03S

hark

Gul

lyB

IFW

aste

Roc

k16

-18

CD

RC

0212

CD

W04

Run

wa y

BIF

Was

te R

ock

1.6-

2.15

CD

DH

0012

CD

W05

Run

way

BIF

Was

te R

ock

6.8-

7.2

CD

DH

0012

CD

W06

Run

way

BIF

Was

te R

ock

15.8

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3C

DD

H00

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DW

07R

unw

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aste

Roc

k6-

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C04

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DW

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CD

RC

0413

CD

W09

Run

way

BIF

Was

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ock

18-2

0C

DR

C04

13C

DW

10R

unw

ayB

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aste

Roc

k24

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CD

RC

0413

CD

W11

Run

way

BIF

Was

te R

ock

28-3

0C

DR

C04

13C

DW

12R

unw

ayB

IFW

aste

Roc

k8-

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DR

C04

52C

DW

13G

len

Her

ring

BIF

Was

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2-4

CD

RC

0369

CD

W14

Gle

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Her

ring

BIF

Was

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16-1

8C

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C03

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Her

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BIF

Was

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ock

24-2

6C

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C03

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DW

17G

len

Her

ring

BIF

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rtW

aste

Roc

k32

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CD

RC

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CD

W18

Gle

n H

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IF/C

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Was

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DW

19G

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Her

ring

BIF

Was

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ock

52-5

4C

DR

C03

69C

DW

20G

len

Her

ring

BIF

Was

te R

ock

6.6-

7C

DD

H00

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DW

21G

len

Her

ring

BIF

Was

te R

ock

11.4

-11.

9C

DD

H00

19C

DW

22G

len

Her

ring

BIF

Was

te R

ock

25-2

5.5

CD

DH

0019

CD

W23

Gle

n H

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IFW

aste

Roc

k19

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len

Her

ring

Jasp

ilite/

BIF

Was

te R

ock

21.2

-21.

7C

DD

H00

20C

DW

25

Not

es:

- or

NA

= N

ot a

naly

sed

/ not

cal

cula

ted

1. A

P Is

cal

cula

ted

from

Tot

al s

ulfu

r % a

nd s

ulfa

te s

ulfu

r (de

rived

from

tota

l suf

ur w

here

sul

fate

sul

fur i

s no

t ana

lyse

d)2.

NP

is d

eriv

ed fr

om A

NC

3. N

AP

P (a

s re

porte

d fro

m la

b, c

alcu

late

d us

ing

Tota

l sul

fur a

nd A

NC

)4.

Cal

cula

ted

NA

PP

= A

P-N

P (A

ssum

es v

alue

s be

low

det

ectio

n lim

it ar

e ze

ro)

5. S

ampl

e cl

assi

ficat

ion

crite

ria (r

efer

to T

able

E-8

-1).

UN

C s

ampl

es h

ave

been

giv

en a

rbitr

ary

clas

sific

atio

ns fo

r the

pur

pose

of r

ecom

men

d

Fizz

Rat

ing

Cal

cula

ted

NP2

NA

PP3

Cal

cula

ted

NA

PP4

NA

GpH

(OX)

NA

G (p

H 4

.5)

NA

G (p

H 7

.0)

NP/

AP

Sam

ple

Cla

ssifi

catio

n5

-0.

50.

5-

0.1

0.1

0.1

--

Fizz

uni

tsk g

H2S

O4/t

kg H

2SO

4/tkg

H2S

O4/t

pH u

nits

k g H

2SO

4/tkg

H2S

O4/t

--

319

0-1

82-1

828.

4<0

.1<0

.123

NA

F1

15-9

.9-9

.97.

8<0

.1<0

.13.

0N

AF

324

8-2

32-2

328.

5<0

.1<0

.116

NA

F0

3.0

-1.5

-1.5

6.8

<0.1

2.2

2.0

NA

F2

37-3

3.7

-34

7.7

<0.1

<0.1

12N

AF

01.

4-0

.8-0

.85.

7<0

.112

.92.

3N

AF

02.

1-1

.5-1

.55.

9<0

.112

.73.

4N

AF

02.

2-1

.3-1

.36.

8<0

.10.

22.

4N

AF

16.

9-6

.3-6

.37.

5<0

.1<0

.111

NA

F0

1.0

<0.5

-0.4

8.2

<0.1

<0.1

1.6

NA

F3

230

-229

-229

9.1

<0.1

<0.1

376

NA

F1

6.2

-5.6

-5.6

6.8

<0.1

2.5

10N

AF

122

-21.

8-2

1.8

9.0

<0.1

<0.1

37N

AF

322

2-2

20-2

208.

8<0

.1<0

.114

5N

AF

04.

3<0

.5-0

.37.

4<0

.1<0

.11.

1N

AF

0<0

.50.

60.

16.

3<0

.13.

6-

UN

C1

37-2

1.3

-21.

37.

5<0

.1<0

.12.

4N

AF

0<0

.5<0

.5-0

.26.

9<0

.1<0

.1-

NA

F1

7.3

-7.3

-7.0

7.8

<0.1

<0.1

-N

AF

329

6-2

95-2

958.

7<0

.1<0

.148

3N

AF

243

-41.

9-4

1.9

8.1

<0.1

<0.1

69N

AF

291

-91.

1-9

0.8

7.6

<0.1

<0.1

-N

AF

00.

9<0

.5-0

.37.

6<0

.1<0

.11.

5N

AF

01.

5-1

.5-1

.36.

5<0

.10.

27.

4N

AF

04.

3-4

.3-4

.16.

1<0

.16.

421

.1N

AF

01.

30

-0.6

6.3

<0.1

0.5

1.8

NA

F0

2.3

-1.7

-2.0

6.1

<0.1

0.2

7.0

NA

F0

2.0

-1.4

-1.5

6.4

<0.1

0.6

3.9

NA

F0

2.6

-2.6

-2.4

7.0

<0.1

<0.1

12.7

NA

F0

2.4

-2.4

-2.2

6.1

<0.1

0.3

11.8

NA

F0

<0.5

0.6

0.01

5.8

<0.1

7.8

-U

NC

02.

8-2

.2-2

.36.

2<0

.13.

85.

5N

AF

0<0

.5<0

.5-0

.36.

4<0

.10.

4-

NA

F0

2.2

-2.2

-2.0

6.0

<0.1

1.1

10.8

NA

F0

2.1

-2.1

-1.9

6.9

<0.1

<0.1

10.3

NA

F0

<0.5

<0.5

-0.3

6.1

<0.1

0.8

-N

AF

00.

9-0

.9-0

.76.

6<0

.10.

64.

4N

AF

01.

2-1

.2-1

.06.

3<0

.11.

85.

9N

AF

02.

6-2

.6-2

.46.

2<0

.11.

212

.7N

AF

06.

0-6

.0-5

.87.

6<0

.1<0

.129

.4N

AF

02.

2-2

.2-2

.05.

4<0

.15.

510

.8N

AF

03.

3-3

.3-3

.16.

1<0

.11.

816

.2N

AF

0<0

.5<0

.5-0

.35.

8<0

.10.

3-

NA

F0

2.7

-2.1

-2.2

5.9

<0.1

0.5

5.3

NA

F0

2.1

-0.9

-1.1

5.6

<0.1

1.1

2.1

NA

F0

1.7

-1.7

-1.5

5.7

<0.1

5.0

8.8

NA

F0

1.8

-1.2

-1.4

6.2

<0.1

2.8

5.0

NA

F0

2.2

0-0

.76.

5<0

.13.

91.

4N

AF

NA

G C

alcu

latio

nA

BA

Cla

ssifi

caito

nN

APP

Cal

cula

tion

Tabl

e 4

Geo

chem

ical

Abu

ndan

ce In

dex

Res

ults

Soils

and

Was

te R

ock

Cha

ract

eris

atio

n St

udy

- Cor

runa

Dow

ns P

roje

ct

MW

H G

loba

lP

age

1 of

2

Ana

lyte

Ave

rage

cru

stal

ab

unda

nce3

Uni

ts(m

g/kg

or %

)

Mat

eria

l Typ

eB

IFB

IF /

Che

rtC

hert

Cla

stic

sed

imen

t (s

hale

)Ja

spilit

eJa

spilit

e / B

IFS

urfic

ial

Elem

ent

LOR

(mg/

kg)

n=22

n=2

n=2

n=14

n=2

n=3

n=3

Ars

enic

5<5

<5<5

10.2

<5<5

<56

Bar

ium

1013

460

--

-50

-50

0B

eryl

lium

11

<1-

--

<1-

6B

oron

50<5

0<5

0-

--

<50

-N

DC

adm

ium

11.

43<1

<13

2<1

<1<1

0.35

4

Chr

omiu

m2

21.8

4.50

4343

.145

20.5

96.7

70C

obal

t2

11.8

3.50

--

-<2

-8

Cop

per

57.

28<5

<511

66

<513

.030

Lead

518

.0<5

<59.

33<5

<58

35M

anga

nese

570

861

7-

--

8-

1000

Mer

cury

0.1

0.28

0.10

<0.1

1.32

<0.1

<0.1

<0.1

0.06

4

Nic

kel

28.

593

3.5

47.3

6.5

5.50

24.3

50S

elen

ium

5<5

<5-

--

<5-

0.4

4

Van

adiu

m5

20.9

<5-

--

10-

90Zi

nc5

12.3

<5<5

40.3

8.5

9.50

17.5

90

Not

es1.

Tot

al e

lem

ent c

onte

nt v

alue

s ar

e m

ean

conc

entra

tions

(cal

cula

ted

from

Tab

le 3

)2.

Maj

ority

of s

ampl

es re

porte

d co

ncen

tratio

ns b

elow

LO

R. G

AI is

ass

esse

d us

ing

aver

age

of s

ampl

es w

ith d

etec

tabl

e co

ncen

tratio

ns o

nly

and

resu

lt in

dica

ted

with

a '<

'3.

Ave

rage

cru

stal

abu

ndan

ce in

soi

ls d

eriv

ed fr

om E

nviro

men

tal C

hem

istry

of t

he E

lem

ents

(Bow

en, 1

979)

as

prov

ided

in G

ARD

Gui

de (I

NAP

, 200

9)4.

LO

R is

gre

ater

than

ave

rage

cru

stal

abu

ndan

ce. G

AI is

ass

esse

d us

ing

LOR

as

a w

hole

num

ber a

nd re

sult

indi

cate

d w

ith a

'<'

<LO

R -

elem

ent b

elow

ana

lytic

al li

mit

of re

porti

ng, e

ffect

ive

GAI

is le

ss th

an c

alcu

late

d G

AIN

D =

No

data

is p

ublis

hed

n de

note

s nu

mbe

r of s

ampl

es u

sed

to d

eter

min

e m

ean

conc

entra

tion

Shad

ed c

ells

indi

cate

a G

AI v

alue

of 3

or g

reat

er

mg/

kgA

vera

ge to

tal e

lem

ent c

once

ntra

tion

1

Tabl

e 4

Geo

chem

ical

Abu

ndan

ce In

dex

Res

ults

Soils

and

Was

te R

ock

Cha

ract

eris

atio

n St

udy

- Cor

runa

Dow

ns P

roje

ct

MW

H G

loba

lP

age

2 of

2

Ana

lyte

Uni

ts

Mat

eria

l Typ

e

Elem

ent

LOR

(mg/

kg)

Ars

enic

5B

ariu

m10

Ber

ylliu

m1

Bor

on50

Cad

miu

m1

Chr

omiu

m2

Cob

alt

2C

oppe

r5

Lead

5M

anga

nese

5M

ercu

ry0.

1N

icke

l2

Sel

eniu

m5

Van

adiu

m5

Zinc

5

Not

es1.

Tot

al e

lem

ent c

onte

nt v

alue

s ar

e m

ean

conc

entr

2. M

ajor

ity o

f sam

ples

repo

rted

conc

entra

tions

bel

o3.

Ave

rage

cru

stal

abu

ndan

ce in

soi

ls d

eriv

ed fr

om

4. L

OR

is g

reat

er th

an a

vera

ge c

rust

al a

bund

ance

. <L

OR

- el

emen

t bel

ow a

naly

tical

lim

it of

repo

rting

, eN

D =

No

data

is p

ublis

hed

n de

note

s nu

mbe

r of s

ampl

es u

sed

to d

eter

min

e m

eSh

aded

cel

ls in

dica

te a

GAI

val

ue o

f 3 o

r gre

ater

BIF

BIF

/ C

hert

Che

rtC

last

ic s

ed (s

hale

)Ja

spilit

eJa

spilit

e / B

IFS

urfic

ial

<LO

R<L

OR

<LO

R0

<LO

R<L

OR

<LO

R<0

<0-

--

<0-

<0<L

OR

--

-<L

OR

-<L

OR

<LO

R-

--

<LO

R-

1<1

<1<3

<1<1

<1<0

<0<0

<0<0

<00

0<0

--

-<L

OR

-<0

<LO

R<L

OR

1<0

<LO

R<0

<0<L

OR

<LO

R<0

<LO

R<L

OR

<0<0

<0-

--

<0-

20

<04

<0<0

<0<0

<0<0

<0<0

<0<0

<3<3

--

-<3

-<0

<LO

R-

--

<0-

<0<L

OR

<LO

R<0

<0<0

<0

GA

I val

ueG

eoch

emic

al a

bund

ance

inde

x

Tabl

e 5

Mul

ti-el

emen

t Sol

ids

Ana

lytic

al R

esul

tsSo

ils a

nd W

aste

Roc

k C

hara

cter

isat

ion

Stud

y - C

orru

na D

owns

Pro

ject

MW

H G

loba

l Pa

ge 1

of 2

Ana

lyte

Gro

upin

g

Ana

lyte

pH (H2O

)EC

Ars

enic

Bar

ium

Ber

ylliu

mB

oron

LOR

0.1

15

101

50U

nits

pHun

itsuS

/cm

mg/

kgm

g/kg

mg/

kgm

g/kg

EIL

(tops

oil)

--

5-

--

EIL

(was

te ro

ck)

40 -

160

--

-

Land

Sys

tem

/ D

e pos

itLa

ndfo

rm A

ssoc

iatio

n /

Was

te U

nit

Mat

eria

l Typ

eD

epth

Inte

rval

(m)

Dril

lhol

e ID

Sam

ple

IDSh

ark

Gul

lyBI

FW

aste

Roc

k32

.8-3

3.3

CD

DH

0015

CD

W01

-<1

0<5

<10

<1<5

0Sh

ark

Gul

l yBI

FW

aste

Roc

k35

.5-3

6.2

CD

DH

0015

CD

W02

8.1

44<5

<10

<1<5

0Sh

ark

Gul

l yBI

FW

aste

Roc

k10

-12

CD

RC

0212

CD

W03

7.0

<10

<5<1

0<1

<50

Shar

k G

ully

BIF

Was

te R

ock

16-1

8C

DR

C02

12C

DW

047.

8<1

0<5

<10

<1<5

0R

unw

a yBI

FW

aste

Roc

k1.

6-2.

15C

DD

H00

12C

DW

057.

842

<530

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0R

unw

ayBI

FW

aste

Roc

k6.

8-7.

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DD

H00

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DW

067.

624

<582

01

<50

Run

way

BIF

Was

te R

ock

15.8

-16.

3C

DD

H00

12C

DW

07-

<10

<550

<1<5

0R

unw

a yBI

FW

aste

Roc

k6-

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DR

C04

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DW

08-

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0R

unw

a yBI

FW

aste

Roc

k16

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CD

RC

0413

CD

W09

7.8

20<5

<10

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0R

unw

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FW

aste

Roc

k18

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CD

RC

0413

CD

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0R

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FW

aste

Roc

k24

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CD

RC

0413

CD

W11

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40<1

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Run

way

BIF

Was

te R

ock

28-3

0C

DR

C04

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DW

127.

020

<539

0<1

<50

Run

wa y

BIF

Was

te R

ock

8-10

CD

RC

0452

CD

W13

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0<5

70<1

<50

Gle

n H

errin

gBI

FW

aste

Roc

k2-

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DR

C03

69C

DW

147.

2<1

0<5

10<1

<50

Gle

n H

errin

gBI

FW

aste

Roc

k6-

8C

DR

C03

69C

DW

15-

<10

<540

<1<5

0G

len

Her

ring

BIF

Was

te R

ock

16-1

8C

DR

C03

69C

DW

167.

0<1

0<5

40<1

<50

Gle

n H

errin

gBI

FW

aste

Roc

k24

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CD

RC

0369

CD

W17

-<1

0<5

180

<1<5

0G

len

Her

ring

BIF

Was

te R

ock

52-5

4C

DR

C03

69C

DW

20-

<10

<510

<1<5

0G

len

Her

ring

BIF

Was

te R

ock

6.6-

7C

DD

H00

19C

DW

217.

012

7<5

<10

<1<5

0G

len

Her

ring

BIF

Was

te R

ock

11.4

-11.

9C

DD

H00

19C

DW

22-

<10

<5<1

0<1

<50

Gle

n H

errin

gBI

FW

aste

Roc

k25

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5C

DD

H00

19C

DW

237.

971

<5<1

0<1

<50

Gle

n H

errin

gBI

FW

aste

Roc

k19

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0C

DD

H00

20C

DW

24-

<10

<540

<1<5

0G

len

Her

ring

BIF/

Che

rtW

aste

Roc

k32

-34

CD

RC

0369

CD

W18

7.2

<10

<540

<1<5

0G

len

Her

ring

BIF/

Che

rtW

aste

Roc

k34

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CD

RC

0369

CD

W19

-<1

0<5

80<1

<50

Split

Roc

kC

hert

Was

te R

ock

43.5

-44.

0C

DD

H00

07W

CC

D00

197.

815

<5-

--

Split

Roc

kC

hert

Was

te R

ock

49.5

-50.

0C

DD

H00

07W

CC

D00

207.

713

<5-

--

S plit

Roc

kC

last

ic s

ed (s

hale

)W

aste

Roc

k0.

8-1.

6C

DD

H00

06W

CC

D00

148.

222

956

--

-Sp

lit R

ock

Cla

stic

sed

(sha

le)

Was

te R

ock

22.0

-22.

8C

DD

H00

06W

CC

D00

158.

575

618

--

-Sp

lit R

ock

Cla

stic

sed

(sha

le)

Was

te R

ock

35.8

-36.

5C

DD

H00

06W

CC

D00

169.

421

0<5

--

-Sp

lit R

ock

Cla

stic

sed

(sha

le)

Was

te R

ock

60.8

-61.

3C

DD

H00

06W

CC

D00

177.

827

10-

--

Split

Roc

kC

last

ic s

ed (s

hale

)W

aste

Roc

k4.

5-5.

0C

DD

H00

07W

CC

D00

188.

761

6-

--

S plit

Roc

kC

last

ic s

ed (s

hale

)W

aste

Roc

k51

.0-5

2.0

CD

DH

0008

WC

CD

0023

7.8

74<5

--

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lit R

ock

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stic

sed

(sha

le)

Was

te R

ock

54.6

-55.

2C

DD

H00

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CC

D00

248.

316

9<5

--

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lit R

ock

Cla

stic

sed

(sha

le)

Was

te R

ock

56.0

-56.

8C

DD

H00

08W

CC

D00

259.

098

<5-

--

Split

Roc

kC

last

ic s

ed (s

hale

)W

aste

Roc

k60

.6-6

1.4

CD

DH

0008

WC

CD

0026

7.8

52<5

--

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lit R

ock

Cla

stic

sed

(sha

le)

Was

te R

ock

81.0

-82.

0C

DD

H00

08W

CC

D00

287.

141

411

--

-S p

lit R

ock

Cla

stic

sed

(sha

le)

Was

te R

ock

44.0

-44.

5C

DR

D01

76W

CC

D00

31 A

8.8

100

<5-

--

S plit

Roc

kC

last

ic s

ed (s

hale

)W

aste

Roc

k44

.5-4

4.9

CD

RD

0176

WC

CD

0031

B9.

113

3<5

--

-S p

lit R

ock

Cla

stic

sed

(sha

le)

Was

te R

ock

50.0

-51.

0C

DR

D01

76W

CC

D00

328.

863

<5-

--

S plit

Roc

kC

last

ic s

ed (s

hale

)W

aste

Roc

k53

.3-5

4.0

CD

RD

0176

WC

CD

0033

9.1

67<5

--

-Sp

lit R

ock

Jasp

ilite

Was

te R

ock

68.1

-68.

7C

DD

H00

07W

CC

D00

217.

415

<5-

--

S plit

Roc

kJa

spili

teW

aste

Roc

k67

.4-6

8.0

CD

DH

0008

WC

CD

0027

8.0

24<5

--

-G

len

Her

ring

Jasp

ilite

/BIF

Was

te R

ock

21.2

-21.

7C

DD

H00

20C

DW

257.

019

4<5

50<1

<50

S plit

Roc

kJa

spili

tic /

BIF

Was

te R

ock

85.6

-86.

1C

DR

D01

74W

CC

D00

297.

620

<5-

--

Split

Roc

kJa

spili

tic /

BIF

Was

te R

ock

93.5

-94.

0C

DR

D01

74W

CC

D00

307.

423

<5-

--

S plit

Roc

kSu

lfici

alW

aste

Roc

k0-

0.8

CD

DH

0008

WC

CD

0022

A7.

336

<5-

--

Split

Roc

kSu

lfici

alW

aste

Roc

k0.

8-2.

3C

DD

H00

08W

CC

D00

22 B

7.6

<10

<5-

--

S plit

Roc

kSu

lfici

alW

aste

Roc

k2.

3-2.

6C

DD

H00

08W

CC

D00

22 C

8.7

92<5

--

-R

ockl

eaBr

oad

drai

nage

line

Tops

oil

0.1-

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28.

019

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--

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klea

Broa

d dr

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ge li

neTo

psoi

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--

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a pric

orn

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d dr

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neTo

psoi

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CD

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0.1-

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5.5

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--

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apric

orn

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d dr

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ge li

neTo

psoi

l0-

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DS3

0 0-

0.1

6.6

33-

--

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ockl

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alcr

ete

Tops

oil

0.1-

0.2

-C

DS0

1 0.

1-0.

29.

534

91<5

--

-R

ockl

eaC

alcr

ete

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S01

0-0.

19.

734

65<5

--

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ockl

eaC

alcr

ete

Tops

oil

0.1-

0.2

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2 0.

1-0.

29.

314

27-

--

-R

ockl

eaC

alcr

ete

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S02

0-0.

18.

825

96-

--

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ockl

eaC

alcr

ete

Tops

oil

0.1-

0.2

-C

DS2

2 0.

1-0.

28.

977

--

--

Roc

klea

Cal

cret

eTo

psoi

l0-

0.1

-C

DS2

2 0-

0.1

8.9

67-

--

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ockl

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rain

age

line

Tops

oil

0.1-

0.2

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DS0

4 0.

1-0.

27.

746

<5-

--

Roc

klea

Dra

inag

e lin

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7.0

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--

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orn

Dra

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plan

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CD

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apric

orn

Dra

inag

e lin

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plan

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CD

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a pric

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Rid

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Tops

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26.

312

--

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Cap

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idge

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a pric

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Rid

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Tops

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26.

118

--

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ricor

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Rid

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Tops

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25.

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Cap

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portr

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ple

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ific.

EIL

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dopt

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aver

age

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cula

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le 1

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ger v

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mpl

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ado

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bas

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and

pH

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(cal

cula

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le 2

)3.

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ger v

alue

s ar

e sa

mpl

e sp

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c. E

IL is

ado

pted

bas

ed o

n av

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(cal

cula

ted

from

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Tab

le 2

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mpl

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le 2

)

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NE

PM

(201

3) E

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Phys

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Elem

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nd W

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k C

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MW

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k0-

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e sl

ope

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S17

0-0.

1C

a pric

orn

Scre

e sl

ope

Tops

oil

0.1-

0.2

-C

DS2

1 0.

1-0.

2C

apric

orn

Scre

e sl

ope

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S21

0-0.

1C

a pric

orn

Scre

e sl

ope

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S29

0-0.

1C

a pric

orn

Scre

e sl

ope

Tops

oil

0.1-

0.2

-C

DS3

1 0.

1-0.

2C

apric

orn

Scre

e sl

ope

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S31

0-0.

1R

ockl

eaU

ndul

atin

g hi

lls &

val

ley

Tops

oil

0.1-

0.2

-C

DS0

8 0.

1-0.

2R

ockl

eaU

ndul

atin

g hi

lls &

val

ley

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S08

0-0.

1R

ockl

eaU

ndul

atin

g hi

lls &

val

ley

Tops

oil

0.1-

0.2

-C

DS2

5 0.

1-0.

2R

ockl

eaU

ndul

atin

g hi

lls &

val

ley

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S25

0-0.

1R

ockl

eaU

ndul

atin

g hi

lls &

val

leys

Tops

oil

0.1-

0.2

-C

DS0

3 0.

1-0.

2R

ockl

eaU

ndul

atin

g hi

lls &

val

leys

Tops

oil

0-0.

1-

CD

S03

0-0.

1

Not

es:

Env

ironm

enta

lly s

igni

fican

t dat

a is

sum

mar

ised

from

full

labo

rato

ry re

portr

s pr

ovid

ed in

App

endi

x D

.

- N

ot a

naly

sed

/ not

cal

cula

ted

1. E

IL tr

igge

r val

ues

are

sam

ple

spec

ific.

EIL

is a

dopt

ed b

ased

on

aver

age

clay

con

tent

(cal

cula

ted

from

resu

lts in

Tab

le 1

)2.

EIL

tri g

ger v

alue

s ar

e sa

mpl

e sp

ecifi

c. E

IL is

ado

pted

bas

ed o

n av

erag

e C

EC

and

pH

Ca

(cal

cula

ted

from

resu

lts in

Tab

le 2

)3.

EIL

trig

ger v

alue

s ar

e sa

mpl

e sp

ecifi

c. E

IL is

ado

pted

bas

ed o

n av

erag

e C

EC

(cal

cula

ted

from

resu

lts in

Tab

le 2

)4.

EIL

trig

ger v

alue

s ar

e sa

mpl

e sp

ecifi

c. E

IL is

ado

pted

bas

ed o

n av

erag

e pH

Ca

(cal

cula

ted

from

resu

lts in

Tab

le 2

)

Exc

eeds

the

NE

PM

(201

3) E

IL tr

igge

r val

ue

Cad

miu

mC

hrom

ium

1C

obal

tC

oppe

r 2Le

adM

anga

nese

Mer

cury

Nic

kel 3

Sele

nium

Vana

dium

Zinc

4

12

25

55

0.1

25

55

mg/

kgm

g/kg

mg/

kgm

g/kg

mg/

kgm

g/kg

mg/

kgm

g/kg

mg/

kgm

g/kg

mg/

kg3

400

-15

- 31

018

00-

16

- 350

--

55 -

840

313

0 - 4

00-

20 -

260

1800

-1

5 - 5

10-

-50

- 13

00

<15

<2<5

<510

<0.1

<2<5

<5<5

<13

<2<5

<515

<0.1

<2<5

<5<5

211

<2<5

<511

<0.1

4<5

<58

19

<2<5

<510

<0.1

4<5

<5<5

212

619

65

230

<0.1

30<5

4416

182

3411

3156

70<0

.119

<554

7<1

76

7<5

1420

<0.1

8<5

<58

<119

<26

<576

<0.1

4<5

<5<5

<121

<2<5

<521

<0.1

3<5

<5<5

<18

<2<5

<524

<0.1

4<5

<5<5

<116

3<5

<571

80.

29

<5<5

10<1

1620

7<5

4450

0.5

15<5

<525

<118

37

<538

0<0

.13

<510

<5<1

11<2

<5<5

89<0

.18

<510

<5<1

4<2

<5<5

65<0

.14

<5<5

<5<1

43

<5<5

226

0.2

3<5

<5<5

<17

15<5

<511

300.

220

<5<5

<5<1

<23

<5<5

276

<0.1

5<5

<5<5

120

<2<5

<5<5

<0.1

<2<5

22<5

239

<27

<517

<0.1

<2<5

15<5

<117

<2<5

<516

<0.1

<2<5

6<5

115

<2<5

<517

<0.1

3<5

6<5

<13

3<5

<543

8<0

.12

<5<5

<5<1

64

<5<5

795

0.1

4<5

<5<5

<134

-<5

<5-

<0.1

4-

-<5

<152

-<5

<5-

<0.1

3-

-<5

<164

-42

10-

<0.1

12-

-8

<132

-13

2<5

-0.

326

--

56<1

26-

495

20-

5.4

67-

-74

<132

-99

6-

1.6

16-

-45

<121

-27

<5-

<0.1

8-

-9

<124

-26

<5-

<0.1

16-

-9

<129

-63

<5-

1.4

41-

-15

<124

-10

05

-1.

122

8-

-10

1<1

31-

7610

-0.

881

--

643

134

-47

<5-

0.4

71-

-47

<140

-28

6<5

-0.

424

--

15<1

20-

95<5

-<0

.111

--

<5<1

51-

775

-<0

.132

--

<5<1

76-

57<5

-0.

529

--

<5<1

46-

6<5

-<0

.15

--

8<1

44-

<5<5

-<0

.18

--

9<1

37<2

<5<5

8<0

.1<2

<510

<5<1

4-

<5<5

-<0

.18

--

13<1

<2-

<5<5

-<0

.13

--

6<1

148

-18

8-

<0.1

21-

-18

<128

-<5

<5-

<0.1

18-

-17

<111

4-

8<5

-<0

.134

--

<5<1

146

-50

<5-

<0.1

81-

-52

<112

4-

44<5

-<0

.168

--

54-

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

-<1

38-

9<5

-<0

.121

--

16<1

19-

6<5

-<0

.111

--

14-

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

-<1

223

-58

<5-

<0.1

167

--

67<1

198

-56

<5-

<0.1

149

--

63-

--

--

--

--

--

<157

-13

6-

<0.1

9-

-8

--

--

--

--

--

-2

135

-12

8-

<0.1

15-

-12

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

-<1

94-

148

-<0

.113

--

9-

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

-<1

98-

159

-<0

.130

--

21-

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

-<1

97-

108

-<0

.19

--

7-

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

-<1

80-

119

-<0

.18

--

8-

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

<121

-13

5-

<0.1

10-

-9

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

-<1

80-

3812

-<0

.122

--

16<1

76-

117

-<0

.113

--

8-

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

-<1

86-

118

-<0

.111

--

10<1

110

-14

9-

<0.1

10-

-6

--

--

--

--

--

-<1

39-

28<5

-<0

.142

--

39<1

36-

28<5

-<0

.144

--

38-

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

<163

-20

<5-

<0.1

30-

-38

Elem

ents

(Tot

al)

Tabl

e 6

Mul

ti-el

emen

t Sol

utio

n A

naly

tical

Res

ults

Soils

and

Was

te R

ock

Cha

ract

eris

atio

n St

udy

- Cor

runa

Dow

ns P

roje

ct

MW

H G

loba

l Pa

ge 1

of 3

Ana

lyte

Gro

upin

g

Ana

lyte

pHFi

nal p

H

(ASL

P le

ach)

ECA

rsen

ic 1

Bar

ium

Ber

ylliu

mLO

R0.

10.

11.

00.

001

0.00

10.

001

Uni

tspH

uni

tspH

uni

tsuS

/cm

mg/

Lm

g/L

mg/

LG

IL F

resh

Wat

er0.

013

--

AN

ZEC

C F

resh

Wat

er0.

14LD

W0.

5-

-

Land

Sys

tem

/ D

epos

itW

aste

Uni

tM

ater

ial T

ype

Dep

th In

terv

al (m

)D

rillh

ole

IDSa

mpl

e ID

Shar

k G

ully

BIF

Was

te R

ock

32.8

-33.

3C

DD

H00

15C

DW

01-

6.8

<10

<0.0

010.

014

<0.0

01Sh

ark

Gul

l yBI

FW

aste

Roc

k35

.5-3

6.2

CD

DH

0015

CD

W02

8.1

7.0

44<0

.001

0.04

2<0

.001

Shar

k G

ull y

BIF

Was

te R

ock

10-1

2C

DR

C02

12C

DW

037.

06.

3<1

0<0

.001

0.04

<0.0

01Sh

ark

Gul

l yBI

FW

aste

Roc

k16

-18

CD

RC

0212

CD

W04

7.8

6.3

<10

<0.0

010.

032

<0.0

01R

unw

ayBI

FW

aste

Roc

k1.

6-2.

15C

DD

H00

12C

DW

057.

87.

142

<0.0

010.

063

<0.0

01R

unw

a yBI

FW

aste

Roc

k6.

8-7.

2C

DD

H00

12C

DW

067.

67.

224

<0.0

010.

153

0.00

2R

unw

a yBI

FW

aste

Roc

k15

.8-1

6.3

CD

DH

0012

CD

W07

-6.

8<1

0<0

.001

0.05

2<0

.001

Run

wa y

BIF

Was

te R

ock

6-10

CD

RC

0413

CD

W08

-7.

1<1

00.

001

0.09

4<0

.001

Run

way

BIF

Was

te R

ock

16-1

8C

DR

C04

13C

DW

097.

87.

220

0.00

10.

085

<0.0

01R

unw

a yBI

FW

aste

Roc

k18

-20

CD

RC

0413

CD

W10

-6.

9<1

00.

001

0.01

7<0

.001

Run

wa y

BIF

Was

te R

ock

24-2

6C

DR

C04

13C

DW

11-

6.7

<10

<0.0

010.

042

<0.0

01R

unw

a yBI

FW

aste

Roc

k28

-30

CD

RC

0413

CD

W12

7.0

6.8

20<0

.001

0.02

4<0

.001

Run

way

BIF

Was

te R

ock

8-10

CD

RC

0452

CD

W13

-6.

6<1

0<0

.001

0.03

7<0

.001

Gle

n H

errin

gBI

FW

aste

Roc

k2-

4C

DR

C03

69C

DW

147.

26.

9<1

0<0

.001

0.08

3<0

.001

Gle

n H

errin

gBI

FW

aste

Roc

k6-

8C

DR

C03

69C

DW

15-

6.7

<10

<0.0

010.

097

<0.0

01G

len

Her

ring

BIF

Was

te R

ock

16-1

8C

DR

C03

69C

DW

167.

06.

7<1

0<0

.001

0.05

3<0

.001

Gle

n H

errin

gBI

FW

aste

Roc

k24

-26

CD

RC

0369

CD

W17

-7.

5<1

0<0

.001

0.11

6<0

.001

Gle

n H

errin

gBI

F/C

hert

Was

te R

ock

32-3

4C

DR

C03

69C

DW

187.

26.

7<1

0<0

.001

0.06

8<0

.001

Gle

n H

errin

gBI

F/C

hert

Was

te R

ock

34-3

6C

DR

C03

69C

DW

19-

6.8

<10

<0.0

010.

073

<0.0

01G

len

Her

ring

BIF

Was

te R

ock

52-5

4C

DR

C03

69C

DW

20-

6.6

<10

<0.0

010.

017

<0.0

01G

len

Her

ring

BIF

Was

te R

ock

6.6-

7C

DD

H00

19C

DW

217.

06.

712

7<0

.001

0.02

6<0

.001

Gle

n H

errin

gBI

FW

aste

Roc

k11

.4-1

1.9

CD

DH

0019

CD

W22

-6.

6<1

0<0

.001

0.01

5<0

.001

Gle

n H

errin

gBI

FW

aste

Roc

k25

-25.

5C

DD

H00

19C

DW

237.

97.

571

<0.0

010.

088

<0.0

01G

len

Her

ring

BIF

Was

te R

ock

19.4

-20

CD

DH

0020

CD

W24

-7.

7<1

0<0

.001

0.11

9<0

.001

Gle

n H

errin

gJa

spili

te/B

IFW

aste

Roc

k21

.2-2

1.7

CD

DH

0020

CD

W25

7.0

7.4

194

<0.0

010.

065

<0.0

01

Not

es:

Exc

eeds

the

NE

PM

(201

3) G

IL fo

r pro

tect

ion

of s

light

ly to

mod

erat

ely

dist

urbe

d fre

sh w

ater

eco

syst

ems

Exc

eeds

the

AN

ZEC

C (2

000)

crit

era

for p

rote

ctio

n of

hig

hly

dist

urbe

d fre

sh w

ater

eco

syst

ems

(80%

pro

tect

ion

of s

peci

es)

Exc

eeds

the

DE

R (2

014)

Liv

esto

ck D

rinki

ng W

ater

gui

delin

es -

Not

ana

lyse

d / n

ot c

alcu

late

d1.

GIL

ass

umed

all

arse

nic

is a

s A

s(V

)2.

GIL

ass

umed

all

chro

miu

m is

as

Cr(I

II)W

here

trig

ger v

alue

is le

ss th

an th

e de

terc

tion

limit,

<LO

R v

alue

s ar

e no

t hig

hlig

hted

Phys

io-c

hem

ical

Par

amet

ers

Elem

ents

(Dis

solv

ed)

Tabl

e 6

Mul

ti-el

emen

t Sol

utio

n A

naly

tical

Res

ults

Soils

and

Was

te R

ock

Cha

ract

eris

atio

n St

udy

- Cor

runa

Dow

ns P

roje

ct

MW

H G

loba

l Pa

ge 2

of 3

Ana

lyte

Gro

upin

g

Ana

lyte

LOR

Uni

tsG

IL F

resh

Wat

erA

NZE

CC

Fre

sh W

ater

LDW

Land

Sys

tem

/ D

epos

itW

aste

Uni

tM

ater

ial T

ype

Dep

th In

terv

al (m

)D

rillh

ole

IDSa

mpl

e ID

Shar

k G

ully

BIF

Was

te R

ock

32.8

-33.

3C

DD

H00

15C

DW

01Sh

ark

Gul

l yB

IFW

aste

Roc

k35

.5-3

6.2

CD

DH

0015

CD

W02

Shar

k G

ull y

BIF

Was

te R

ock

10-1

2C

DR

C02

12C

DW

03Sh

ark

Gul

l yB

IFW

aste

Roc

k16

-18

CD

RC

0212

CD

W04

Run

way

BIF

Was

te R

ock

1.6-

2.15

CD

DH

0012

CD

W05

Run

wa y

BIF

Was

te R

ock

6.8-

7.2

CD

DH

0012

CD

W06

Run

wa y

BIF

Was

te R

ock

15.8

-16.

3C

DD

H00

12C

DW

07R

unw

a yB

IFW

aste

Roc

k6-

10C

DR

C04

13C

DW

08R

unw

ayB

IFW

aste

Roc

k16

-18

CD

RC

0413

CD

W09

Run

wa y

BIF

Was

te R

ock

18-2

0C

DR

C04

13C

DW

10R

unw

a yB

IFW

aste

Roc

k24

-26

CD

RC

0413

CD

W11

Run

wa y

BIF

Was

te R

ock

28-3

0C

DR

C04

13C

DW

12R

unw

ayB

IFW

aste

Roc

k8-

10C

DR

C04

52C

DW

13G

len

Her

ring

BIF

Was

te R

ock

2-4

CD

RC

0369

CD

W14

Gle

n H

errin

gB

IFW

aste

Roc

k6-

8C

DR

C03

69C

DW

15G

len

Her

ring

BIF

Was

te R

ock

16-1

8C

DR

C03

69C

DW

16G

len

Her

ring

BIF

Was

te R

ock

24-2

6C

DR

C03

69C

DW

17G

len

Her

ring

BIF

/Che

rtW

aste

Roc

k32

-34

CD

RC

0369

CD

W18

Gle

n H

errin

gB

IF/C

hert

Was

te R

ock

34-3

6C

DR

C03

69C

DW

19G

len

Her

ring

BIF

Was

te R

ock

52-5

4C

DR

C03

69C

DW

20G

len

Her

ring

BIF

Was

te R

ock

6.6-

7C

DD

H00

19C

DW

21G

len

Her

ring

BIF

Was

te R

ock

11.4

-11.

9C

DD

H00

19C

DW

22G

len

Her

ring

BIF

Was

te R

ock

25-2

5.5

CD

DH

0019

CD

W23

Gle

n H

errin

gB

IFW

aste

Roc

k19

.4-2

0C

DD

H00

20C

DW

24G

len

Her

ring

Jasp

ilite

/BIF

Was

te R

ock

21.2

-21.

7C

DD

H00

20C

DW

25

Not

es:

Exc

eeds

the

NE

PM

(201

3) G

IL fo

r pro

tect

ion

of s

light

ly to

mod

erat

ely

dist

urbe

d fre

sh w

ater

eco

syst

ems

Exc

eeds

the

AN

ZEC

C (2

000)

crit

era

for p

rote

ctio

n of

hig

hly

dist

urbe

d fre

sh w

ater

eco

syst

ems

(80%

pro

tect

ion

of s

peci

es)

Exc

eeds

the

DE

R (2

014)

Liv

esto

ck D

rinki

ng W

ater

gui

delin

es -

Not

ana

lyse

d / n

ot c

alcu

late

d1.

GIL

ass

umed

all

arse

nic

is a

s A

s(V

)2.

GIL

ass

umed

all

chro

miu

m is

as

Cr(I

II)W

here

trig

ger v

alue

is le

ss th

an th

e de

terc

tion

limit,

<LO

R v

alue

s ar

e no

t hig

hlig

hted

Bor

onC

adm

ium

Chr

omiu

m 2

Cob

alt

Cop

per

Lead

0.05

0.00

010.

001

0.00

10.

001

0.00

1m

g/L

mg/

Lm

g/L

mg/

Lm

g/L

mg/

L0.

370.

0002

--

0.00

140.

0034

1.3

0.00

080.

04-

0.00

250.

0094

50.

011

10.

50.

1

<0.0

5<0

.000

1<0

.001

<0.0

01<0

.001

<0.0

01<0

.05

<0.0

001

0.00

3<0

.001

<0.0

01<0

.001

<0.0

5<0

.000

1<0

.001

<0.0

01<0

.001

<0.0

01<0

.05

<0.0

001

<0.0

01<0

.001

<0.0

01<0

.001

0.05

<0.0

001

0.00

7<0

.001

<0.0

01<0

.001

<0.0

5<0

.000

10.

056

0.00

70.

014

0.01

<0.0

5<0

.000

10.

008

<0.0

010.

002

<0.0

01<0

.05

<0.0

001

0.01

6<0

.001

0.00

90.

001

<0.0

5<0

.000

10.

018

<0.0

010.

002

<0.0

01<0

.05

<0.0

001

0.01

1<0

.001

0.00

2<0

.001

<0.0

5<0

.000

10.

001

<0.0

01<0

.001

<0.0

01<0

.05

<0.0

001

0.01

7<0

.001

<0.0

01<0

.001

<0.0

5<0

.000

1<0

.001

<0.0

01<0

.001

<0.0

01<0

.05

<0.0

001

0.00

3<0

.001

0.00

2<0

.001

<0.0

5<0

.000

10.

003

<0.0

010.

002

<0.0

01<0

.05

<0.0

001

0.00

1<0

.001

<0.0

01<0

.001

<0.0

5<0

.000

10.

006

0.00

2<0

.001

<0.0

01<0

.05

<0.0

001

0.01

5<0

.001

<0.0

01<0

.001

<0.0

5<0

.000

10.

02<0

.001

0.00

3<0

.001

<0.0

5<0

.000

1<0

.001

<0.0

01<0

.001

<0.0

01<0

.05

<0.0

001

<0.0

01<0

.001

<0.0

01<0

.001

<0.0

5<0

.000

1<0

.001

<0.0

01<0

.001

<0.0

01<0

.05

<0.0

001

0.00

8<0

.001

0.00

4<0

.001

<0.0

5<0

.000

10.

002

<0.0

010.

003

<0.0

01<0

.05

<0.0

001

0.00

8<0

.001

0.00

60.

001

Elem

ents

(Dis

solv

ed)

Tabl

e 6

Mul

ti-el

emen

t Sol

utio

n A

naly

tical

Res

ults

Soils

and

Was

te R

ock

Cha

ract

eris

atio

n St

udy

- Cor

runa

Dow

ns P

roje

ct

MW

H G

loba

l Pa

ge 3

of 3

Ana

lyte

Gro

upin

g

Ana

lyte

LOR

Uni

tsG

IL F

resh

Wat

erA

NZE

CC

Fre

sh W

ater

LDW

Land

Sys

tem

/ D

epos

itW

aste

Uni

tM

ater

ial T

ype

Dep

th In

terv

al (m

)D

rillh

ole

IDSa

mpl

e ID

Shar

k G

ully

BIF

Was

te R

ock

32.8

-33.

3C

DD

H00

15C

DW

01Sh

ark

Gul

l yB

IFW

aste

Roc

k35

.5-3

6.2

CD

DH

0015

CD

W02

Shar

k G

ull y

BIF

Was

te R

ock

10-1

2C

DR

C02

12C

DW

03Sh

ark

Gul

l yB

IFW

aste

Roc

k16

-18

CD

RC

0212

CD

W04

Run

way

BIF

Was

te R

ock

1.6-

2.15

CD

DH

0012

CD

W05

Run

wa y

BIF

Was

te R

ock

6.8-

7.2

CD

DH

0012

CD

W06

Run

wa y

BIF

Was

te R

ock

15.8

-16.

3C

DD

H00

12C

DW

07R

unw

a yB

IFW

aste

Roc

k6-

10C

DR

C04

13C

DW

08R

unw

ayB

IFW

aste

Roc

k16

-18

CD

RC

0413

CD

W09

Run

wa y

BIF

Was

te R

ock

18-2

0C

DR

C04

13C

DW

10R

unw

a yB

IFW

aste

Roc

k24

-26

CD

RC

0413

CD

W11

Run

wa y

BIF

Was

te R

ock

28-3

0C

DR

C04

13C

DW

12R

unw

ayB

IFW

aste

Roc

k8-

10C

DR

C04

52C

DW

13G

len

Her

ring

BIF

Was

te R

ock

2-4

CD

RC

0369

CD

W14

Gle

n H

errin

gB

IFW

aste

Roc

k6-

8C

DR

C03

69C

DW

15G

len

Her

ring

BIF

Was

te R

ock

16-1

8C

DR

C03

69C

DW

16G

len

Her

ring

BIF

Was

te R

ock

24-2

6C

DR

C03

69C

DW

17G

len

Her

ring

BIF

/Che

rtW

aste

Roc

k32

-34

CD

RC

0369

CD

W18

Gle

n H

errin

gB

IF/C

hert

Was

te R

ock

34-3

6C

DR

C03

69C

DW

19G

len

Her

ring

BIF

Was

te R

ock

52-5

4C

DR

C03

69C

DW

20G

len

Her

ring

BIF

Was

te R

ock

6.6-

7C

DD

H00

19C

DW

21G

len

Her

ring

BIF

Was

te R

ock

11.4

-11.

9C

DD

H00

19C

DW

22G

len

Her

ring

BIF

Was

te R

ock

25-2

5.5

CD

DH

0019

CD

W23

Gle

n H

errin

gB

IFW

aste

Roc

k19

.4-2

0C

DD

H00

20C

DW

24G

len

Her

ring

Jasp

ilite

/BIF

Was

te R

ock

21.2

-21.

7C

DD

H00

20C

DW

25

Not

es:

Exc

eeds

the

NE

PM

(201

3) G

IL fo

r pro

tect

ion

of s

light

ly to

mod

erat

ely

dist

urbe

d fre

sh w

ater

eco

syst

ems

Exc

eeds

the

AN

ZEC

C (2

000)

crit

era

for p

rote

ctio

n of

hig

hly

dist

urbe

d fre

sh w

ater

eco

syst

ems

(80%

pro

tect

ion

of s

peci

es)

Exc

eeds

the

DE

R (2

014)

Liv

esto

ck D

rinki

ng W

ater

gui

delin

es -

Not

ana

lyse

d / n

ot c

alcu

late

d1.

GIL

ass

umed

all

arse

nic

is a

s A

s(V

)2.

GIL

ass

umed

all

chro

miu

m is

as

Cr(I

II)W

here

trig

ger v

alue

is le

ss th

an th

e de

terc

tion

limit,

<LO

R v

alue

s ar

e no

t hig

hlig

hted

Man

gane

seM

ercu

ryN

icke

lSe

leni

umVa

nadi

umZi

nc0.

001

0.00

010.

001

0.01

0.01

0.00

5m

g/L

mg/

Lm

g/L

mg/

Lm

g/L

mg/

L1.

90.

0000

60.

011

0.00

5-

0.00

83.

60.

0054

0.01

70.

034

-0.

031

-0.

002

10.

02-

20

<0.0

01<0

.000

1<0

.001

<0.0

1<0

.01

0.01

0.00

1<0

.000

1<0

.001

<0.0

1<0

.01

0.01

30.

012

<0.0

001

<0.0

01<0

.01

<0.0

10.

010.

01<0

.000

1<0

.001

<0.0

1<0

.01

0.00

60.

006

<0.0

001

0.00

2<0

.01

<0.0

10.

022

0.24

6<0

.000

10.

028

<0.0

10.

030.

032

0.01

9<0

.000

10.

002

<0.0

1<0

.01

0.01

50.

034

0.00

010.

004

<0.0

1<0

.01

0.02

80.

014

<0.0

001

0.00

3<0

.01

<0.0

10.

016

0.01

2<0

.000

10.

002

<0.0

1<0

.01

0.01

10.

002

<0.0

001

<0.0

01<0

.01

<0.0

10.

010.

028

<0.0

001

0.00

3<0

.01

<0.0

10.

012

0.10

3<0

.000

1<0

.001

<0.0

1<0

.01

0.01

0.01

3<0

.000

10.

002

<0.0

1<0

.01

0.02

20.

022

<0.0

001

0.00

4<0

.01

<0.0

10.

022

0.01

4<0

.000

10.

001

<0.0

1<0

.01

0.01

50.

085

0.00

010.

01<0

.01

<0.0

10.

012

0.03

5<0

.000

10.

002

<0.0

1<0

.01

0.02

10.

071

0.00

010.

003

<0.0

1<0

.01

0.02

50.

016

<0.0

001

<0.0

01<0

.01

<0.0

10.

009

<0.0

01<0

.000

1<0

.001

<0.0

1<0

.01

0.01

6<0

.001

<0.0

001

<0.0

01<0

.01

<0.0

10.

019

0.00

4<0

.000

10.

002

<0.0

1<0

.01

0.02

0.00

30.

0001

<0.0

01<0

.01

<0.0

10.

020.

004

<0.0

001

0.00

2<0

.01

<0.0

10.

013

Elem

ents

(Dis

solv

ed)



Appendix D Laboratory Reports

CSB

P Li

mite

d A

BN 8

1 00

8 66

8 37

1

WPS

1408

4W

PS14

085

WPS

1408

7W

PS14

088

CD

S06

CD

S08

CD

S11

CD

S14

0-10

10-2

010

-20

10-2

0M

WH

152

4M

WH

152

4M

WH

152

4M

WH

152

40-

1010

-20

10-2

010

-20

Col

our

BRBR

OR

BRBR

Gra

vel

55

00

Text

ure

2.0

2.5

2.0

2.0

Am

mon

ium

Nitr

ogen

< 1

42

2N

itrat

e N

itrog

en<

115

22

1Ph

osph

orus

Col

wel

l9

44

3Po

tass

ium

Col

wel

l21

014

718

813

7Su

lphu

r1.

980

.22.

32.

4O

rgan

ic C

arbo

n0.

250.

180.

860.

77C

ondu

ctiv

ity0.

014

1.36

20.

018

0.01

0pH

Lev

el (

CaC

l2)

6.1

7.3

5.1

4.7

pH L

evel

(H

2O)

6.9

7.7

6.1

5.5

Prew

ash

exch

. Ca

5.86

3.64

3.01

1.69

Prew

ash

exch

. K0.

250.

150.

300.

22Pr

ewas

h ex

ch. M

g6.

761.

230.

850.

51Pr

ewas

h ex

ch. N

a<

0.10

< 0.

10<

0.10

< 0.

10m

eq/1

00g

0.24

< 0.

10<

0.10

< 0.

10<

0.10

meq

/100

g0.

821.

882.

480.

810.

83m

eq/1

00g

0.27

0.22

0.33

0.27

0.26

meq

/100

g10

.87

4.14

8.57

2.03

1.89

pH8.

86.

87.

75.

96.

1pH

8.1

6.3

6.8

5.1

5.1

dS/m

2.59

60.

031

0.04

60.

029

0.01

9%

0.47

0.38

0.86

1.18

0.74

mg/

Kg

544.

72.

23.

03.

42.

5m

g/K

g36

829

934

718

720

0m

g/K

g24

164

56

mg/

Kg

14<

19

1413

mg/

Kg

< 1

< 1

< 1

31

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

%5

50

00

LTG

RLT

BRLT

BRBR

BRD

epth

0-10

0-10

10-2

00-

100-

10C

usto

mer

MW

H 1

524

MW

H 1

524

MW

H 1

524

MW

H 1

524

MW

H 1

524

Cod

e0-

100-

1010

-20

0-10

0-10

Nam

eC

DS0

2C

DS0

3C

DS0

4C

DS0

9C

DS1

7

WPS

1408

9

Soil

& P

lant

Ana

lysi

s La

bora

tory

7214

0

MW

H A

ustr

alia

Pty

Ltd

A N

A L

Y S

I S

R E

P O

R T

Gen

erat

ed: 4

/04/

2014

3:2

5:07

PM

Lab

No

WPS

1408

1W

PS14

082

WPS

1408

3W

PS14

086

CSB

P Li

mite

d A

BN 8

1 00

8 66

8 37

1

Col

our

Gra

vel

Text

ure

Am

mon

ium

Nitr

ogen

Nitr

ate

Nitr

ogen

Phos

phor

us C

olw

ell

Pota

ssiu

m C

olw

ell

Sulp

hur

Org

anic

Car

bon

Con

duct

ivity

pH L

evel

(C

aCl2

)pH

Lev

el (

H2O

)Pr

ewas

h ex

ch. C

aPr

ewas

h ex

ch. K

Prew

ash

exch

. Mg

Prew

ash

exch

. Na

meq

/100

gm

eq/1

00g

meq

/100

gm

eq/1

00g

pHpHdS/m%

mg/

Kg

mg/

Kg

mg/

Kg

mg/

Kg

mg/

Kg

%Dep

thC

usto

mer

Cod

eN

ame

7214

0

MW

H A

ustr

alia

Pty

Ltd

Lab

No

WPS

1409

0W

PS14

091

WPS

1409

2W

PS14

093

WPS

1409

4W

PS14

095

WPS

1409

6W

PS14

103

WPS

1410

4

CD

S20

CD

S22

CD

S23

CD

S23

CD

S24

CD

S27

CD

S27

CD

S29

CD

S30

0-10

0-10

0-10

10-2

00-

100-

1010

-20

0-10

10-2

0M

WH

152

4M

WH

152

4M

WH

152

4M

WH

152

4M

WH

152

4M

WH

152

4M

WH

152

4M

WH

152

4M

WH

152

40-

100-

100-

1010

-20

0-10

0-10

10-2

00-

1010

-20

BRO

RG

RBR

BRLT

BRG

RBR

DK

BRD

KBR

BRBR

RD5

50

05

10-1

55-

105

53.

02.

02.

52.

52.

51.

51.

52.

02.

52

< 1

< 1

< 1

< 1

< 1

< 1

1<

15

< 1

32

2<

13

57

1111

2010

106

79

413

114

449

848

314

192

8911

919

45.

01.

71.

51.

11.

40.

90.

91.

93.

20.

400.

760.

780.

530.

410.

140.

151.

060.

880.

014

0.06

70.

023

0.01

90.

053

0.01

40.

014

0.01

40.

014

4.6

7.9

6.3

7.2

7.9

6.3

6.4

4.8

4.5

5.3

8.9

7.0

8.0

8.9

6.8

7.1

5.8

5.5

1.00

11.5

27.

539.

559.

631.

410.

951.

662.

000.

220.

180.

500.

540.

150.

110.

110.

140.

360.

531.

802.

733.

151.

190.

300.

250.

610.

64<

0.10

< 0.

10<

0.10

< 0.

10<

0.10

< 0.

10<

0.10

< 0.

10<

0.10

CSB

P Li

mite

d A

BN 8

1 00

8 66

8 37

1

A N

A L

Y S

I S

R E

P O

R T

Col

our

Gra

vel

Tex

ture

Am

mon

ium

Nitr

ogen

Nitr

ate

Nitr

ogen

Phos

phor

us C

olw

ell

Pota

ssiu

m C

olw

ell

Sulp

hur

Org

anic

Car

bon

Con

duct

ivity

pH L

evel

(CaC

l2)

pH L

evel

(H

2O)

% C

lay

% C

ours

e Sa

nd%

Fin

e Sa

nd%

San

d%

Silt

%

13.0

810

.18

%20

.78

42.2

2%

57.7

973

.58

%29

.13

16.2

4%

37.0

131

.36

pH6.

75.

7pH

6.8

6.3

%0.

290.

96dS

/m2.

920

0.02

7

mg/

Kg

153

175

mg/

Kg

189.

12.

6

mg/

Kg

164

8m

g/K

g6

9

3.0

3.0

mg/

Kg

21

LTBR

BR%

50

Cus

tom

erM

WH

152

4M

WH

152

4D

epth

0-10

0-10

Nam

eC

DS0

8C

DS3

1C

ode

0-10

0-10So

il &

Pla

nt A

naly

sis

Labo

rato

ry72

140

MW

H A

ustr

alia

Pty

Ltd

Lab

No

WPS

1412

0W

PS14

121

CSB

P Li

mite

d A

BN 8

1 00

8 66

8 37

1

Gen

erat

ed: 7

/04/

2014

1:2

3:17

PM

CSB

P Li

mite

d A

BN 8

1 00

8 66

8 37

1

WPS

1406

5W

PS14

066

WPS

1406

9W

PS14

070

CD

S07

CD

S10

CD

S15

CD

S15

0-10

10-2

00-

1010

-20

MW

H 1

524

MW

H 1

524

MW

H 1

524

MW

H 1

524

0-10

10-2

00-

1010

-20

Col

our

LTBR

BRR

DBR

OR

BRO

RG

rave

l5

05

5Te

xtur

e2.

02.

03.

03.

0A

mm

oniu

m N

itrog

en<

1<

11

2N

itrat

e N

itrog

en2

34

2Ph

osph

orus

Col

wel

l4

84

2Po

tass

ium

Col

wel

l10

714

214

513

7Su

lphu

r2.

02.

02.

32.

2O

rgan

ic C

arbo

n0.

800.

390.

720.

57C

ondu

ctiv

ity0.

013

0.01

20.

012

0.01

0pH

Lev

el (C

aCl2

)5.

55.

34.

74.

8pH

Lev

el (H

2O)

6.5

6.3

5.7

5.6

pH9.

57.

16.

86.

3pH

8.6

6.5

5.9

5.6

dS/m

3.49

10.

028

0.01

70.

015

%0.

290.

320.

411.

44m

g/K

g16

38.0

3.0

2.0

2.8

mg/

Kg

323

218

155

187

mg/

Kg

99

77

mg/

Kg

190

21

2m

g/K

g<

1<

1<

1<

12.

02.

02.

52.

5%

50

00

BRBR

OR

BRR

DBR

Dep

th10

-20

10-2

010

-20

0-10

Cus

tom

erM

WH

152

4M

WH

152

4M

WH

152

4M

WH

152

4C

ode

10-2

010

-20

10-2

00-

10N

ame

CD

S01

CD

S03

CD

S06

CD

S11

Soil

& P

lant

Ana

lysi

s La

bora

tory

7214

0

MW

H A

ustr

alia

Pty

Ltd

A N

A L

Y S

I S

R E

P O

R T

Gen

erat

ed: 4

/04/

2014

3:2

Lab

No

WPS

1406

2W

PS14

063

WPS

1406

4W

PS14

068

CSB

P Li

mite

d A

BN 8

1 00

8 66

8 37

1

Col

our

Gra

vel

Text

ure

Am

mon

ium

Nitr

ogen

Nitr

ate

Nitr

ogen

Phos

phor

us C

olw

ell

Pota

ssiu

m C

olw

ell

Sulp

hur

Org

anic

Car

bon

Con

duct

ivity

pH L

evel

(CaC

l2)

pH L

evel

(H2O

)pHpHdS

/m%m

g/K

gm

g/K

gm

g/K

gm

g/K

gm

g/K

g

%Dep

thC

usto

mer

Cod

eN

ame

7214

0

MW

H A

ustr

alia

Pty

Ltd

Lab

No

WPS

1407

2W

PS14

073

WPS

1407

4W

PS14

075

WPS

1407

6W

PS14

077

WPS

1407

8

CD

S18

CD

S20

CD

S21

CD

S21

CD

S22

CD

S24

CD

S26

10-2

010

-20

0-10

10-2

010

-20

10-2

00-

10M

WH

152

4M

WH

152

4M

WH

152

4M

WH

152

4M

WH

152

4M

WH

152

4M

WH

152

410

-20

10-2

00-

1010

-20

10-2

010

-20

0-10

BRO

RBR

OR

BRBR

RD

LTG

RG

RBR

BRO

R0

00

05

50

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.5

2.5

2.5

< 1

11

< 1

< 1

< 1

13

52

< 1

12

24

88

66

68

105

133

154

159

116

139

127

2.7

7.9

1.8

1.4

1.9

1.6

2.5

0.49

0.32

0.56

0.46

0.90

0.68

0.63

0.01

70.

027

< 0.

010

0.01

00.

077

0.07

30.

018

4.8

5.0

4.9

5.2

7.9

7.9

4.5

5.6

5.6

5.8

6.1

8.9

8.8

5.0

6.0

5.0

0.01

50.

961.5

14244< 1

2.55BR10-2

0M

WH

152

410

-20

CD

S16

WPS

1407

1

5:03

PM

CSB

P Li

mite

d A

BN 8

1 00

8 66

8 37

1

Col

our

Gra

vel

Text

ure

Am

mon

ium

Nitr

ogen

Nitr

ate

Nitr

ogen

Phos

phor

us C

olw

ell

Pota

ssiu

m C

olw

ell

Sulp

hur

Org

anic

Car

bon

Con

duct

ivity

pH L

evel

(CaC

l2)

pH L

evel

(H2O

)pHpHdS

/m%m

g/K

gm

g/K

gm

g/K

gm

g/K

gm

g/K

g

%Dep

thC

usto

mer

Cod

eN

ame

7214

0

MW

H A

ustr

alia

Pty

Ltd

Lab

No

WPS

1407

9W

PS14

080

CD

S26

CD

S31

10-2

010

-20

MW

H 1

524

MW

H 1

524

10-2

010

-20

BRO

RBR

RD

05

2.5

2.5

1<

12

74

414

216

14.

82.

50.

590.

610.

021

0.02

74.

55.

55.

86.

5

CSB

P Li

mite

d A

BN 8

1 00

8 66

8 37

1

4CS1

4084

4CS1

4085

4CS1

4087

4CS1

4088

4CS1

4090

WC

CD

0018

WC

CD

0019

WC

CD

0027

WC

CD

0029

WC

CD

0033

BRO

NW

YN

SMED

LEY

BRO

NW

YN

SMED

LEY

BRO

NW

YN

SMED

LEY

BRO

NW

YN

SMED

LEY

BRO

NW

YN

SMED

LEY

0-10

0-10

0-10

0-10

0-10

Col

our

YW

GR

WH

BRR

DBR

GR

GR

BKG

rave

l0

00

00

Tex

ture

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

2.5

Am

mon

ium

Nitr

ogen

1<

12

12

Nitr

ate

Nitr

ogen

< 1

< 1

< 1

< 1

< 1

Phos

phor

us C

olw

ell

2<

24

52

Pota

ssiu

m C

olw

ell

114

< 15

29<

1520

0Su

lphu

r7.

14.

36.

06.

22.

8O

rgan

ic C

arbo

n<

0.05

< 0.

050.

060.

060.

40C

ondu

ctiv

ity0.

061

0.01

50.

024

0.02

00.

067

pH L

evel

(C

aCl2

)6.

96.

66.

56.

57.

2pH

Lev

el (

H2O

)8.

77.

88.

07.

69.

1%

Cla

y7.

862.

898.

923.

927.

88%

Cou

rse

Sand

77.6

986

.97

71.3

178

.60

75.5

4%

Fin

e Sa

nd9.

518.

189.

8012

.52

11.6

2%

San

d87

.20

95.1

581

.11

91.1

287

.16

% S

ilt

4.94

1.96

9.97

4.96

4.96

Prew

ash

exch

. Ca

0.51

0.15

0.17

< 0.

100.

41Pr

ewas

h ex

ch. K

0.06

< 0.

010.

02<

0.01

0.39

Prew

ash

exch

. Mg

0.75

< 0.

100.

64<

0.10

6.51

Prew

ash

exch

. Na

< 0.

10<

0.10

< 0.

10<

0.10

1.34

Soil

& P

lant

Ana

lysi

s La

bora

tory

7214

0

MW

H A

ustr

alia

Pty

Ltd

A N

A L

Y S

I S

R E

P O

R T

Gen

erat

ed: 1

/07/

2014

12:

32:2

4 PM

Lab

No

4CS1

4081

4CS1

4082

4CS1

4083

4CS1

4086

4CS1

4089

Nam

eW

CC

D00

14W

CC

D00

15W

CC

D00

16W

CC

D00

22B

WC

CD

0031

AC

usto

mer

BRO

NW

YN

SMED

LEY

BRO

NW

YN

SMED

LEY

BRO

NW

YN

SMED

LEY

BRO

NW

YN

SMED

LEY

BRO

NW

YN

SMED

LEY

Dep

th0-

100-

100-

100-

100-

10BR

RD

GR

PKLT

GR

BRG

RLT

GR

%0

00

00

3.0

3.0

3.0

1.0

2.0

mg/

Kg

21

21

2m

g/K

g4

1<

1<

1<

1m

g/K

g7

2<

2<

2<

2m

g/K

g25

512

519

3<

1517

5m

g/K

g14

08.8

155.

317

.06.

34.

7%

0.14

0.06

0.07

< 0.

050.

07dS

/m2.

295

0.75

60.

210

< 0.

010

0.10

0pH

7.6

7.1

7.5

6.3

7.2

pH8.

28.

59.

47.

68.

8%

33.7

333

.08

20.3

85.

968.

89%

27.2

714

.20

29.1

381

.72

73.2

8%

18.1

318

.65

25.1

99.

318.

89%

45.4

032

.84

54.3

391

.04

82.1

7%

20.8

634

.07

25.2

93.

008.

94m

eq/1

00g

11.7

80.

391.

340.

112.

38m

eq/1

00g

0.26

0.15

0.37

< 0.

010.

16m

eq/1

00g

3.91

1.86

5.55

< 0.

102.

88m

eq/1

00g

0.39

0.18

0.57

< 0.

10<

0.10

CSB

P Li

mite

d A

BN 8

1 00

8 66

8 37

1

4CS1

4094

4CS1

4095

WC

C00

22C

WC

C00

28BR

ON

WY

N

SMED

LEY

BRO

NW

YN

SMED

LEY

0-10

0-10

Col

our

BRW

HD

KG

RG

rave

l0

0T

extu

re2.

51.

0A

mm

oniu

m N

itrog

en2

1N

itrat

e N

itrog

en<

1<

1Ph

osph

orus

Col

wel

l<

2<

2Po

tass

ium

Col

wel

l65

< 15

Sulp

hur

4.2

361.

7O

rgan

ic C

arbo

n<

0.05

0.53

Con

duct

ivity

0.09

20.

414

pH L

evel

(CaC

l2)

7.4

6.4

pH L

evel

(H

2O)

8.7

7.1

Prew

ash

exch

. Ca

11.5

90.

55Pr

ewas

h ex

ch. K

0.09

< 0.

01Pr

ewas

h ex

ch. M

g11

.37

0.37

Prew

ash

exch

. Na

0.10

< 0.

10

Soil

& P

lant

Ana

lysi

s La

bora

tory

7214

0

MW

H A

ustr

alia

Pty

Ltd

A N

A L

Y S

I S

R E

P O

R T

Lab

No

4CS1

4091

4CS1

4092

4CS1

4093

Nam

eW

CC

0020

WC

C00

21W

CC

0022

AC

usto

mer

BRO

NW

YN

SMED

LEY

BRO

NW

YN

SMED

LEY

BRO

NW

YN

SMED

LEY

Dep

th0-

100-

100-

10G

RWH

BRO

RBR

%0

00

1.0

1.5

2.5

mg/

Kg

< 1

15

mg/

Kg

< 1

< 1

2m

g/K

g4

44

mg/

Kg

< 15

< 15

178

mg/

Kg

2.6

5.8

7.4

%<

0.05

< 0.

050.

78dS

/m0.

013

0.01

50.

036

pH6.

66.

26.

3

0.13

0.84

pH7.

77.

47.

3m

eq/1

00g

0.22

0.13

2.74

meq

/100

g<

0.10

< 0.

100.

14

meq

/100

g0.

01<

0.01

0.24

meq

/100

g<

0.10

CSB

P Li

mite

d A

BN 8

1 00

8 66

8 37

1

Gen

erat

ed: 1

/07/

2014

12:

32:4

7 PM

CSB

P Li

mite

d A

BN 8

1 00

8 66

8 37

1

4CS1

4105

4CS1

4106

4CS1

4108

4CS1

4109

WC

CD

0025

WC

CD

0026

WC

CD

0031

BW

CC

D00

32BR

ON

WY

N

SMED

LEY

BRO

NW

YN

SMED

LEY

BRO

NW

YN

SMED

LEY

BRO

NW

YN

SMED

LEY

0-10

0-10

0-10

0-10

Col

our

LTG

RG

RW

HD

KG

RG

RG

rave

l0

00

0T

extu

re1.

52.

52.

52.

5A

mm

oniu

m N

itrog

en2

11

1N

itrat

e N

itrog

en<

1<

1<

1<

1Ph

osph

orus

Col

wel

l3

6<

2<

2Po

tass

ium

Col

wel

l17

412

218

819

1Su

lphu

r2.

53.

36.

33.

6O

rgan

ic C

arbo

n0.

08<

0.05

0.94

0.21

Con

duct

ivity

0.09

80.

052

0.13

30.

063

pH L

evel

(C

aCl2

)7.

46.

57.

26.

9pH

Lev

el (

H2O

)9.

07.

89.

18.

8

Soil

& P

lant

Ana

lysi

s La

bora

tory

7214

0

MW

H A

ustr

alia

Pty

Ltd

A N

A L

Y S

I S

R E

P O

R T

Gen

erat

ed: 1

/07/

2014

12:

33:1

6 PM

Lab

No

4CS1

4096

4CS1

4103

4CS1

4104

4CS1

4107

Nam

eW

CC

D00

17W

CC

D00

23W

CC

D00

24W

CC

D00

30C

usto

mer

BRO

NW

YN

SMED

LEY

BRO

NW

YN

SMED

LEY

BRO

NW

YN

SMED

LEY

BRO

NW

YN

SMED

LEY

Dep

th0-

100-

100-

100-

10G

RBR

LTBR

GR

PKBR

GR

%0

00

01.

52.

52.

51.

0m

g/K

g4

21

2m

g/K

g<

1<

1<

1<

1m

g/K

g<

23

27

mg/

Kg

144

9613

3<

15m

g/K

g5.

19.

63.

68.

9%

< 0.

05<

0.05

< 0.

05<

0.05

dS/m

0.02

70.

074

0.16

90.

023

pH6.

56.

56.

66.

3pH

7.8

7.8

8.3

7.4

CSB

P Li

mite

d A

BN 8

1 00

8 66

8 37

1

2XS1

6023

2XS1

6024

2XS1

6026

2XS1

6027

2XS1

6029

2XS1

6030

2XS1

6031

2XS1

6032

CD

RC03

69C

DRC

0369

CD

RC03

69C

DD

H00

15C

DD

H00

19C

DD

H00

19C

DD

H00

12C

DD

H00

1216

-18

32-3

42-

435

.5-3

6.2

25.0

-25.

56.

6-7.

06.

8-7.

21.

6-2.

15M

WH

Aus

tral

iaM

WH

Aus

tral

iaM

WH

Aus

tral

iaM

WH

Aus

tral

iaM

WH

Aus

tral

iaM

WH

Aus

tral

iaM

WH

Aus

tral

iaM

WH

Aus

tral

ia0-

100-

100-

100-

100-

100-

100-

100-

10C

olou

rBR

RDBR

WH

BRYW

BRW

HG

RBR

YWBR

LTBR

BRG

RG

rave

l5

55

55

55

5Te

xtur

e3.

03.

52.

01.

53.

53.

53.

53.

5A

mm

oniu

m N

itrog

en2

< 1

< 1

32

23

6N

itrat

e N

itrog

en2

< 1

< 1

21

2<

12

Phos

phor

us C

olw

ell

< 2

< 2

< 2

2<

2<

2<

2<

2Po

tass

ium

Col

wel

l<

15<

1519

< 15

< 15

1880

72Su

lphu

r0.

71.

61.

25.

429

.051

.75.

514

.3O

rgan

ic C

arbo

n<

0.05

0.05

0.11

0.09

< 0.

050.

070.

050.

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Appendix E Methods DescriptionsE.1 Soil physical characteristicsThe soil physical properties were determined using a combination of testwork procedures including:

Soil texture and particle size distribution;

Soil structure and structural stability;

Soil strength;

Hydraulic conductivity; and

Water retention.

Soil texture was determined through a combination of particle size distribution and field texture

measurements. Particle size distribution is a measurement of the proportions of sand (0.02 to 2.00 mm),

silt (0.002 to 0.02 mm) and clay (<0.002 mm) particles in a sample. The measured proportions are

compared to the Australian texture triangle (McDonald et al., 1998). Field texture is determined by working

the soil size fraction of the material by hand using the method described in McDonald et al. (1998). The

soil coarse material fraction (particles greater than 2 mm) is determined gravimetrically. The soil texture

class influences most physical and many chemical and biological processes. Soil structure, water holding

capacity, hydraulic conductivity, soil strength, fertility, erodibility and susceptibility to compaction are some

of the factors closely linked to soil texture. The percentage of coarse material can provide information on

the ability of the material to withstand mechanical breakdown and erosion.

Soil structure describes the arrangement of solid particles and void space in a soil. The structure is an

important factor influencing the ability of soil to support plant growth, store and transmit water and resist

erosional processes. Soil structure is described through physical examination of the soil. It can be

influenced by the particle size distribution, chemical composition and organic matter content, and is often

affected by root growth, vehicle compaction, and with respect to reconstructed soil profiles, the methods

of soil handling and deposition. A well-structured soil is one with a range of different sized aggregates;

with component particles bound together to give a range of pore sizes facilitating root growth and the

transfer of air and water. When a soil material is disturbed, the breakdown of aggregates into primary

particles can lead to structural decline (Needham et al., 1998). This can result in hardsetting and crusting

at the soil surface and a ‘massive’ soil structure at depth, which potentially reduces the ability of seeds to

germinate, roots to penetrate the soil matrix, and water to infiltrate to the root zone.

The structural stability of a soil and its susceptibility to structural decline can be complex and the tendency

for a soil to remain stable, or to become structurally unstable depends on the net effect of a number of

properties, including the amount and type of clay present, organic matter content, soil chemistry and the

nature of disturbance. Soil aggregates that are unstable and will readily slake and disperse indicate a

weak soil structure that is easily degraded. These soils are regarded as potentially problematic and

unsuitable for use in the reconstruction of soil profiles for rehabilitation, particularly if left exposed at the



surface, as they are not likely to remain stable enough to allow vegetation to establish. Structural stability

of a soil is measured using the Emerson Aggregate Test which identifies the potential slaking and

dispersive properties of soil aggregates under a worst case scenario. Severe stress is applied to the soil

material through wetting and saturation. The soils are rated into classes (using the method described in

Moore, 1998). Generally, samples allocated into Emerson Classes 1 and 2 are those most likely to exhibit

dispersive properties and therefore be the most problematic.

Soil strength is determined using the modulus of rupture (MOR) test which identifies the tendency for the

soil fraction (<2 mm) of material to hardset as a direct result of soil slaking and dispersion. An average

MOR of >60 kPa has been described as the critical value for distinguishing potentially problematic soils

in agricultural scenarios (Cochrane and Aylmore, 1997). If placed in near surface soil profiles, materials

with high MOR may restrict root penetration and impact germination and emergence of some vegetation.

As the MOR test is conducted on reconstructed soil blocks composed of the <2 mm soil fraction, it does

not take into account the effect of coarse material content or soil structure on soil strength, nor any degree

of compaction that may naturally occur under field conditions. It does, however, provide insight into the

potential for layers to hardset and compact with repeated wetting and drying cycles, and the ability of roots

to fracture the soil and penetrate crack faces.

The saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) refers to the permeability of soil, or the ability of water to

infiltrate and drain through the soil matrix, and is dependent on soil properties such as texture and

structure (Hunt & Gilkes, 1992; Hazelton & Murphy, 2007; and Moore, 1998). Freely draining soils with

high Ksat values (62.5 to >250.0 mm/hr) promote infiltration and are generally less susceptible to surface

runoff and erosion. Slow draining soils with low Ksat values (0 to 5.0 mm/hr), are more likely to experience

waterlogging, increased surface runoff and erosion. To determine saturated hydraulic conductivity,

selected samples were collected in bulk in the field, and re-packed to approximate field bulk density.

Drainage classes were determined for each sample according to their Ksat (Hunt & Gilkes, 1992).

The water retention properties of soil materials are important for determining the amount of water available

for plant growth when soil materials are intended for use in rehabilitation. It can also give an indication of

the potential for soil to hold water and release it through evaporation. In low-nutrient environments,

common to most of arid zone Australia, the amount of water available to plants is often the most limiting

factor to vegetation establishment and growth. The water retention or water holding capacity of a soil is

influenced by a number of factors, with the particle size (and pore space) distribution, soil structure and

organic matter content being the most influential. Soil water retention is measured through pressurising

samples. As the pressure increases the amount of water that is held within the pores of the soil is reduced.

The soil water (% volume) at 10 kPa is considered to represent water holding potential at field capacity of

the soil (upper storage capacity [USL]) and the soil water at 1500 kPa is considered to represent water

holding potential at wilting point (lower storage limit [LSL]) of the soil. Field capacity is representative of

the percentage of water remaining in a soil two or three days after it has been saturated and free drainage

has practically ceased. Wilting point is the percentage of water in the soil at which plants wilt and fail to

recover. The difference between the USL and LSL is referred to as the plant-available water (PAW) and

is measured as percent of soil volume.



E.2 Soil chemical characteristicsThe soil chemical properties were determined using a combination of testwork procedures including:

Soil pH in water and calcium chloride;

Soil salinity;

Soil organic matter;

Exchangeable cations;

Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP);

Plant-available nutrients;

Total metal concentrations.

The soil pH provides a measure of the activity of hydrogen ions in a soil solution made from a 1:5 soil to

liquid suspension. Ratings are assigned from very strongly acidic to strongly alkaline based on the

recorded pH measured in deionised water (pHW) and other solutions (Van Gool, Tille, & Moore, 2005).

Soil pH is often measured in a 0.01 M calcium chloride (CaCl2, pHCa), which is considered to be a more

accurate measurement of hydrogen ion concentration present in a natural soil solution under similar

conditions to soil solution taken up by plants (Hunt & Gilkes, 1992). The soil pH measured in CaCl2 is

usually lower than pH measured in water; and both measurements are taken for a complete assessment.

The ideal pH range for plant growth of most agricultural species is considered to be between 5.0 and 7.5

(Moore, 1998). Outside this range, the plant-availability of some nutrients can be affected, while various

metal toxicities (e.g. aluminium and manganese) can become limiting to plant growth at low pH. For native

species, which are known to be tolerant of wider ranges in soil pH, preferred pH ranges are best inferred

from the natural, undisturbed soil in which they are observed to occur.

Soil salinity, or electrical conductivity (EC) is a measure of the amount of readily soluble salts in soil and

soil pore water (Moore, 1998). The salinity is measured from a soil solution made from a 1:5 soil to

deionised water suspension. Soil salinity classes are rated from non-saline to extremely saline based on

the measured EC (recorded in dS/m) and the soil texture. The classes used for rating are equivalent to

those commonly used by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Commonwealth

Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). Soil salinity can limit plant growth and impact

soil structural stability. The measured salinity of a soil is influenced by natural processes of landscape

evolution, hydrological processes and rainfall (Hunt & Gilkes, 1992), and may also be affected by

anthropogenic processes such as water application for dust suppression, leaching and seepage from

water bodies and infrastructure.

The amount of organic matter in soil influences many physical, chemical and biological soil characteristics.

It is derived from plants and animals and key functions in soil include supporting the micro and macro

fauna and flora populations in the soil, increasing the water retention capacity, buffering pH and improving

soil structure. The organic matter content is determined through a measurement of the soil organic carbon



percentage (SOC%) using the Walkley Black method (Rayment & Lyons, 2011), and is rated low, medium

or high based on the result (Moore, 1998).

Exchangeable cations, held on clay particle surfaces and within organic matter, are an important source

of soil fertility and can influence the physical properties of soil. Generally, if cations such as calcium (Ca2+),

magnesium (Mg2+) and potassium (K+) are the dominant ions on the exchange surfaces, the soil will

typically display increased physical structure and stability, which aids aeration, drainage and root growth

(Moore 1998). If sodium cations (Na+) are dominant on exchange surfaces and exceed more than 6% of

the total exchangeable cations, then the soil is considered to be sodic, which can lead to poor physical

properties such as increased dispersion upon wetting, hardsetting at the soil surface and increased

erosion in soils, particularly when placed on sloped surfaces of constructed landforms. The effective cation

exchange capacity (eCEC), or the sum of total cations that can be held for exchange on the soil surfaces

is used to determine the exchange capacity of the soil (which is related to clay and organic matter content).

The relative percentage of sodium to other exchangeable ions is calculated as the exchangeable sodium

percentage (ESP). If the ESP exceeds more than 6% soils are considered to be sodic. If ESP exceeds

15%, then the soil is considered to be highly sodic (Moore, 1998).

Soil nutrients are important for plant growth and health. The most important macronutrients are nitrogen

(N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and sulfur (S). Nitrogen is an integral component of essential plant

compounds, and is important for root growth and development, and enhancing the uptake of other

nutrients (Brady & Weil, 2002). A significant proportion of soil nitrogen is held in organic matter and is not

readily available to for plant uptake (Hazelton & Murphy, 2007). Phosphorus is essential for the growth of

plants and animals as it plays a key role in the formulation of energy producing organic compounds.

Adequate phosphorus nutrition enhances many aspects of plant physiology, including the fundamental

processes of photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, flowering, fruiting (including seed production), and

maturation (Brady & Weil, 2002). Potassium plays a critical role in a number of plant physiological

processes. Adequate amounts of potassium have been linked to improved drought tolerance, improved

winter hardiness, better resistance to certain fungal diseases, and greater tolerance to insect pests.

Potassium can also improve the structural stability of plants (Brady & Weil, 2002). Sulfur is a constituent

of many protein enzymes that regulate activities such as photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation (Brady &

Weil, 2002). A large proportion of soil sulfur is held in organic matter and must be converted to inorganic

sulfate sulfur to become available for plant-uptake. The conversion of organic to inorganic sulfur is usually

catalysed by micro-organisms.

To measure the nutrient content of soil, the macronutrients are extracted using methods that approximate

root-zone extraction from the soil. The resulting measurement is representative of plant-available nutrient

content. Plant-available nitrogen is generally measured in the separate nitrate and ammonium forms. Both

ammonium and nitrate are available forms of nitrogen for plant uptake. Potassium and phosphorus are

typically measured using the Colwell method, and sulfur is extracted and measured as plant-available

sulfate sulfur (Rayment & Lyons, 2011). Australian soils are typically nutrient-poor. The majority of

Australian native plant species have a number of physiological adaptations that enable them to be

productive in areas where the supply of macronutrients is limited. There is limited information available



which details the specific nutritional requirements for native plant species in the semi-arid zones of

Australia.

E.3 Geochemical characteristicsE.3.1 Acid base accountingAcid generation assessment for mine waste materials is generally carried out using a combination of two

static testing methods:

Acid Base Accounting (ABA); and/or

Net Acid Generation (NAG)

The ABA methodology calculates the acid generation capacity through separate testing of the acid

generating and acid neutralising properties of the sample material. The acid potential (AP) is a

measurement of the acid that can be generated from the oxidation of sulphide minerals. The neutralisation

potential (NP) is a measurement of the neutralisation properties of the material which is related to the

presence of carbonate minerals and, to a lesser extent, silicate minerals. The net acid production potential

(NAPP) is then calculated from the difference between the AP and NP values using the following formula. = The NAG methodology calculates the resulting acid generation capacity of a material during a single test,

during which rapid oxidation of the sample allows acid generation and acid neutralisation reactions to

occur simultaneously.

For the purposes of this assessment, a combination of total sulfur and sulphate sulfur (SO4 mg/kg)

concentration has been used to calculate the sulphide sulfur percentage (%S). This value is then used to

calculate AP under the assumption that all sulfur present is in the mineral form of the sulphide mineral

pyrite. It is noted that this represents a conservative approach to the estimation of AP and in cases where

sulphide minerals other than pyrite are present may overestimate AP produced from rock containing other

sulphide minerals.

The NP value is usually determined from the measured ANC of the samples. This method can cause an

overestimation of the actual neutralisation capacity as it does not distinguish the readily available acid

buffering from carbonate minerals, from less available sources of acid buffering (e.g. silicate minerals).

An alternative method involves calculation of NP using the assumption that that all inorganic carbon

present in the sample is in the form of calcium carbonate. Based on a comparison of measured ANC

values with recorded fizz ratings it was determined that ANC values are reasonably representative of the

amount of available neutralising capacity. Therefore, ANC was used to calculate NP and NAPP.

Where calculations were required, a conservative approach was used in the treatment of values less than

the limit of reporting (<LOR). Values reported as <LOR were either converted to zero (for calculation of

AP) or used as a whole number (for calculation of NP).



Using the ABA and NAG results, samples were classified in accordance with the criteria outlined in Table 8-1. Samples classified as PAF are given arbitrary classifications of low capacity (LC) to high capacity

(HC) based on acid generation potential, to further delineate the amount of acid that may form during

oxidation. The purpose of arbitrary classification is to aid in recommendation of management strategies.

The arbitrary classifications are denoted by a suffix (e.g. PAF-LC or PAF-HC).

A general classification scheme is outlined in Table 8-1.

Table 8-1: Classification scheme for identification of potential AMD risk

Classification NAPP NAGpH NP/AP %S1 Notes

AC2 <-20 kg H2SO4/t pH >4.5 <0.1 Must meet all criteria

NAF <0 kg H2SO4/t pH >4.5 >1 <0.30 UNC if %S is >1.0

UNC <0 kg H2SO4/t pH >4.5 >1 and <2 >1.0 May be related to insufficient sulfide oxidation

<0 kg H2SO4/t >1 >0.1 Conflicting results

>0 kg H2SO4/t <1 <0.1 May be related to presence of other acids3

>0 kg H2SO4/t pH >4.5 >1 and <2 >0.1 Conflicting results

PAF >0 kg H2SO4/t <1 >0.30 Further classification of PAF material may be required for high %S

Notes:Criteria developed with reference to the GARD Guide (INAP, 2009) and the AMIRA International ARD Test Handbook (AMIRA, 2002).1 The use of %S values for classification represents a guideline only as sulfide content can be in different mineralogical forms and content may be highly variable in a sample. This classification criterion is less important than other criteria and is generally only related to classification of samples as AC, NAF or PAF.2 AC classification takes into account a safety factor related to %S and NP.3 Generally related to samples with high organic carbon (TOC generally >5%)

E.3.2 Multi-element composition for soilsThe availability of metals (micronutrients) in soils play a significant role in many biological functions. The

majority of metals occur in inert forms in soils and rocks, and only become available to plants and animals

if they are chemically altered during oxidation reactions, or if severe weathering events occur (Hazelton &

Murphy, 2007). Total concentrations of heavy metals in topsoil and waste rock samples were screened

against the National Environment Protection Measure (NEPM) (NEPM, 2013) Environmental Investigation

Levels (EIL) for aged contaminants that apply to 99% protection of areas of ecological significance. It is

noted that for the topsoil samples, an exceedance of a trigger value under the guideline does not indicate

a concentration of environment significance, but rather an indication that the natural surface soils are

enriched with respect to that element.



As no existing baseline soil surveys have been conducted in the Study Area, site specific ambient

background concentrations (ABC) for each metal were omitted from the derivation of EIL values. Instead,

metal specific EIL values were assumed to be equal to the added contaminant limits (ACL) (NEPM, 2013).

Sample specific EIL values for copper, nickel and zinc have been derived for the topsoil samples and are

provided in Table 8-2..

Table 8-2: Summary of sample specific EIL trigger values for the topsoil samples.Landform

Association Sample ID Depth Copper Nickel Zinc

Calcrete CDS010-0.1 310 350 840

0.1-0.2 15 6 55

Undulating hills & valleys

CDS03 0-0.1 140 100 490

CDS080-0.1 20 6 55

0.1-0.2 140 60 420

Drainage line

CDS040-0.1 300 310 720

0.1-0.2 300 320 750

CDS16 0-0.1 110 30 240

CDS230-0.1 290 310 720

0.1-0.2 310 350 840

CDS27 0-0.1 60 10 220

Ridgeline

CDS09 0-0.1 100 25 210

CDS11 0-0.1 20 6 55

CDS18 0-0.1 65 10 130

CDS20 0-0.1 55 10 140

Scree slope

CDS05 0-0.1 130 45 360

CDS13 0-0.1 190 110 490

CDS17 0-0.1 95 25 210

CDS29 0-0.1 80 15 170

CDS31 0.1-0.2 15 6 55

E.3.3 Multi-element composition for waste rockTo assess the potential for elemental enrichment, waste materials are generally tested for total element

concentration. In accordance with the GARD Guide, the results are then compared to standard median

soil and rock abundance values (Bowen, 1979) to evaluate the extent of elemental enrichment. The result

is reported as a geochemical abundance index (GAI). In general, a GAI of 3 or greater is considered as

indicative of enrichment that may require additional examination to assess the environmental significance

of the element.



In addition to GAI, total elemental concentration is assessed in accordance with the DER Contaminated

Sites Guidelines. As a conservative approach, the waste materials have been assessed as soil material

which may enter the ecosystem via dust or bulk movement of material. In the absence of site-specific

screening criteria, criteria for assessment of potential impacts as soil have been developed using the

National Environment Protection Measure (NEPM) (NEPM, 2013) Environmental Investigation Levels

(EIL) that applies to 99% protection of areas of ecological significance. It is noted that this represents a

conservative approach to screening.

The ABC values for specific elements was derived from the mean concentrations of the baseline soil

samples collected within the Study Area (Appendix C – Table 5). The ACL were calculated for each waste

unit due to variances observed with waste type. The EIL trigger values for each waste unit were

determined by the sum of the ABC and ACL for each element (Table 8-3). A summary of assessment

criteria for the elements assessed as part of this study is provided in

Table 8-3: Summary of EIL trigger values used for the seven waste units

Waste Unit Arsenic Chromium Copper Lead Nickel Zinc

BIF 45 220 55 480 45 75

BIF/Chert 45 170 55 480 45 75

Chert 45 170 55 480 45 75

Clastic sed (shale) 45 220 55 480 45 75

Jaspilite 45 190 55 480 45 75

Jaspilite/BIF 45 170 55 480 45 75



Table 8-4: Assessment criteria for multi-elements in soil materials.

Total Elements(mg/kg)

LOREIL

(topsoil)

EIL

(waste rock)

Arsenic 5 5 45

Barium 10 ND ND

Beryllium 1 ND ND

Boron 50 ND ND

Cadmium 1 ND ND

Chromium 2 2 400 170 - 220

Cobalt 2 ND ND

Copper 3 5 15 - 310 55

Lead 5 480 480

Manganese 5 ND ND

Mercury 0.1 ND ND

Nickel 4 2 6 - 350 45

Selenium 5 ND ND

Vanadium 5 ND ND

Zinc 5 5 55 - 840 75

Notes:1 NEPM (2013) EIL for 99% protection of areas of ecological significance derived from ACL where appropriate2 Assumed all Chromium is present as Cr III (conservative approach based on mineralogy). EIL value adopted based on average clay content for each material type (based on results presented in Appendix C – Table 1)3 EIL value adopted based on average CEC and pHCa for each material type (based on results presented in Appendix C – Table 2)4 EIL value adopted based on average CEC for each material type (based on results presented in Appendix C –Table 2)5 EIL value adopted based on average CEC and pHCa for each material type (based on results presented inAppendix C – Table 2)ND = No trigger value data is published

For the assessment of multi-elements in solution (deionised water leachate), the laboratory results were

compared to published guideline criteria for the protection of aquatic ecosystems (surface water and

groundwater), based on the methodology set out in NEPM and ANZECC guidelines. Due to the

predominance of pastoral leasing in the surrounding area of the Study Area, laboratory results were further

screened against published guideline criteria for livestock drinking water. Potential impacts associated

with seepage and runoff were assessed using Australian Standard Leaching Procedure (ASLP) with a

deionised water leachant. It is noted that, due to the soild:water ratio used in ASLP leaching tests, the

leaching conditions do not necessarily represent field conditions for leachate generated during mineral

oxidation of materials with different textures. Results are considered to be indicative only and are of most

use for comparison of absolute concentrations of different samples under worst case leaching scenarios,

rather than absolute concentrations that are likely to leach from materials un the field.



In the absence of site-specific data, the adopted trigger values for potential impact to surface water

receptors from runoff have been determined conservatively based on previous knowledge related to the

local hydrology of the Study Area (Section 2.5), and assumes 80% protection of species due to the nature

of land clearing and mining operation in the surrounding area. For assessment of impact to groundwater

receptors from seepage and infiltration, results have been compared to NEPM groundwater investigation

levels (GIL) trigger values for moderately to slightly disturbed fresh water ecosystems based on the salinity

of regional groundwater. This approach for assessment of potential impact is considered to be a

conservative assessment of elevated levels of elements in seepage and runoff. A summary of assessment

criteria for the elements assessed as part of this study is provided in Table 8-5.

Table 8-5: Assessment criteria for leachable elements in DI water solution

Soluble Elements (mg/L)

LORGIL

Fresh Water 1

ANZECC

Fresh Water 2LDW 3

Arsenic 4 0.001 0.013 0.14 0.5

Barium 0.001 ND ND ND

Beryllium 0.001 ND ND ND

Boron 0.05 0.37 1.3 5

Cadmium 0.0001 0.0002 0.0008 0.01

Chromium 5 0.001 ND 0.04 1

Cobalt 0.001 ND ND 1

Copper 0.001 0.0014 0.0025 0.5

Lead 0.001 0.0034 0.0094 0.1

Manganese 0.001 1.9 3.6 ND

Mercury 0.0001 0.00006 0.0054 0.002

Nickel 0.001 0.011 0.017 1

Selenium 0.01 0.005 0.034 0.02

Vanadium 0.01 ND ND ND

Zinc 0.005 0.008 0.031 20

Notes:1 Exceeds the NEPM (2013) GIL for protection of slightly to moderately disturbed fresh water ecosystems2 Exceeds the ANZECC (2000) criteria for protection of highly disturbed fresh water ecosystems (80% protection of species)3 Exceeds the DER (2014) Livestock Drinking Water guidelines4 GIL screening criteria assumes all arsenic as As (V)5 GIL screening criteria assumes all chromium as Cr (III)ND = no trigger value data is published



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