REPORT D2 Draft B-AMC Frequency Plan...Figure 3-2: DME_A RX Chain Parameters.....3-7 Figure 4-1: Power / pulse rate matrix for interferers with same power and pulse rate at +0.5 and

REPORT D2 Draft B-AMC Frequency Plan

PROJECT TITLE: BROADBAND AERONAUTICAL MULTI-CARRIER

COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM

PROJECT ACRONYM: B-AMC

PROJECT CO-ORDINATOR: FREQUENTIS AG FRQ A

PRINCIPAL CONTRACTORS: DEUTSCHES ZENTRUM FÜR LUFT UND RAUMFAHRT

E.V. DLR D

PARIS LODRON UNIVERSITAET SALZBURG USG A

DOCUMENT IDENTIFIER: D2

ISSUE: 1.0

ISSUE DATE: 27.03.2008

AUTHOR: UNISBG

DISSEMINATION STATUS: CO

DOCUMENT REF: CIEA15_EN512.10

Report number: D2 Issue: 1.0

File: B-AMC_D2_DraftFrequencyPlan_v10 Author: UniSBG

Page: I

History Chart

Issue Date Changed Page (s) Cause of Change Implemented by

DRAFT A 28.12.2007 All sections New document UniSBG

DRAFT B 11.02.2008 Major extensions of most chapters

Further interference investigations of DME towards B-AMC and B-AMC towards DME

UniSBG, DLR, FRQ

DRAFT Final

24.03.2008 Extensions within several chapters

Further interference investigations of B-AMC towards DME taking 120 nm cells and 60 nm cells into account; investigation of overlay concept beside inlay concept

UniSBG, DLR, FRQ

1.0 25.03.2008 All sections Final Review UniSBG

Authorisation

No. Action Name Signature Date

1 Prepared C.-H. Rokitansky (UniSBG), S. Brandes (DLR), M. Sajatovic (FRQ)

25.03.2008

2 Approved C.-H. Rokitansky (UniSBG) 26.03.2008

3 Released C. Rihacek (FRQ) 27.03.2008

The information in this document is subject to change without notice.



Page: II

Contents

1. Executive Summary.......................................................1-1

2. Introduction .................................................................2-1

3. B-AMC Frequency Planning Approach and Constraints.........3-1 3.1. Overview on B-AMC Frequency Planning Concept................................ 3-1 3.1.1. Traditional Frequency Planning ........................................................ 3-1 3.1.2. Scope of the Draft B-AMC Planning................................................... 3-1 3.1.3. Objectives .................................................................................... 3-2 3.1.4. Assumed Reference Topology .......................................................... 3-3 3.2. Airborne Victim B-AMC Receiver....................................................... 3-4 3.3. Airborne Victim DME Receiver.......................................................... 3-6 3.4. Major Planning Parameters and Constraints ....................................... 3-8

4. Frequency Planning Rules and Selection Parameters...........4-1 4.1. Frequency Planning Approach .......................................................... 4-1 4.1.1. Interference towards B-AMC airborne receiver ................................... 4-1 4.1.2. Interference from B-AMC GSs to DME airborne victim receiver.............. 4-4 4.2. Frequency Selection and Decision Parameters .................................. 4-11 4.2.1. Interference towards B-AMC airborne victim receiver ........................ 4-11 4.2.2. Interference from B-AMC GSs towards airborne DME victim receiver ... 4-13

5. Draft B-AMC Frequency Plan ...........................................5-1 5.1. Scope .......................................................................................... 5-1 5.2. Initial B-AMC Frequency Planning ..................................................... 5-1 5.2.1. DME GS Interference towards airborne B-AMC Victim Receiver ............. 5-1 5.2.2. Interference of B-AMC Ground Station towards airborne DME ............... 5-8 5.2.3. Conclusions from the Initial B-AMC Planning Exercise ........................ 5-20 5.3. Investigation of Refinement Solutions ............................................. 5-21 5.3.1. Extension to B-AMC Frequency Range: 979.5 MHz to 1018.5 MHz....... 5-21 5.3.2. Reduction of B-AMC Cell Radius for some Cells to 60 nm ................... 5-21



Page: III

5.3.3. Fine Adjustment of B-AMC Ground Stations ..................................... 5-28 5.3.4. B-AMC Overlay Concept Alternative ................................................ 5-29 5.3.5. Results of Refined B-AMC Planning Approach ................................... 5-29 5.3.6. Conclusions from Refined B-AMC Frequency Planning Approach .......... 5-47

6. Conclusions and Further Research ...................................6-1

7. References ...................................................................7-1

8. Abbreviations ...............................................................8-1

9. ANNEX A - Approach for Planning with Victim DME Receivers9-1 9.1. Introduction .................................................................................. 9-1 9.2. B-AMC_G TX and B-AMC_A TX Spectral Masks ................................... 9-1 9.3. Reference Topology........................................................................ 9-2 9.4. Interference Cases with Victim DME Receiver..................................... 9-3 9.4.1. B-AMC GS DME A/C.................................................................... 9-3 9.4.2. B-AMC A/C DME GS.................................................................... 9-5 9.4.3. B-AMC A/C DME A/C................................................................... 9-7 9.4.4. Summary Table: B-AMC TX Interfering DME RX.................................. 9-8

Illustrations

Figure 3-1: Constellation of B-AMC and DME DOCs.............................................. 3-4 Figure 3-2: DME_A RX Chain Parameters ........................................................... 3-7 Figure 4-1: Power / pulse rate matrix for interferers with same power and pulse

rate at +0.5 and –0.5 MHz offset to the B-AMC centre frequency, Eb/N0 = 10 dB (38 dBm TX power with 120 nm cell radius) ............... 4-12

Figure 5-1: Investigated B-AMC Cell Layout throughout Europe (120 nm cell radius) ......................................................................................... 5-5

Figure 5-2: Intermediate B-AMC Frequency Planning Results after evaluation of DME Interference towards airborne B-AMC victim receiver ................... 5-7

Figure 5-3: DME Stations at 1006 MHz (-2.5 MHz offset) Reply Frequency around B-AMC GS Station T058 ................................................................ 5-11




Page: IV


Figure 5-6: DME Stations at 1009 MHz (+0.5 MHz offset) Reply Frequency around B-AMC GS Station T058 ................................................................ 5-14

Figure 5-7: Preliminary B-AMC Frequency Assignment taking both interference directions from/to existing DME system and B-AMC system into account ...................................................................................... 5-19

Figure 5-8: Possible B-AMC Cell Structure as combination of large B-AMC cells with radius 120 nm (green) and smaller cells with radius 60 nm (grey) ...... 5-22

Figure 5-9: B-AMC "Inlay" Concept: Interference of B-AMC towards DME (with B-AMC GS fine adjustment) .............................................................. 5-38

Figure 5-10: B-AMC "Overlay" Concept: Interference of B-AMC towards DME (with B-AMC GS fine adjustment)........................................................... 5-46

Figure 9-1: B-AMC_G Spectral Masks (48 carriers/24 carriers) .............................. 9-1 Figure 9-2: Constellation of B-AMC and DME DOCs.............................................. 9-2 Figure 9-3: FDR Curve for BAMC_G TX and DME_A RX......................................... 9-4 Figure 9-4: FDR Curve for BAMC_A TX and DME_G RX/DME_A RX ......................... 9-6

Tables

Table 3-1: FDR Values for an Airborne DME RX.................................................. 3-8 Table 4-1: Paris CDG (CGE) – FL450: Calculated Values for each DME/TACAN

Station (using COM3 Database of March 20, 2007) ............................. 4-6 Table 4-2: Paris CDG (CGE) – FL450: # DME/TACAN stations, duty cycle, mean

interference power in each DME channel (985 – 1009 MHz) ................. 4-7 Table 4-3: Paris CDG (CGE) – FL450: Ranking of B-AMC inlay frequencies (985.5

– 1008.5 MHz) for range sizes 0, 60, 80 and 120nm ......................... 4-10 Table 4-4: Application of kick-out criteria to candidate B-AMC frequencies at Paris,

CDG........................................................................................... 4-13 Table 5-1: Investigated B-AMC Cells in Europe (cell radius = 120 nm) .................. 5-4 Table 5-2: Results of DME Interference towards B-AMC for cell T058 "Madrid" ....... 5-6 Table 5-3: Example of the evaluation of the B-AMC "Inlay" concept for a B-AMC

cell of 120 nm radius.................................................................... 5-10 Table 5-4: Preliminary Assignment of B-AMC Inlay Frequencies for B-AMC Cells in

Europe ....................................................................................... 5-18 Table 5-5: Possible B-AMC Cell Structure for Europe ("T-Cells" and "S-Cells") ...... 5-28 Table 5-6: FDR Values for an Airborne DME RX with 0 MHz Offset and ± 1.0 MHz

Offset in adjacent DME Channels.................................................... 5-29 Table 5-7: Example of the evaluation of the B-AMC "Inlay" concept for a B-AMC

cell of 60 nm radius ("S-Cell") ....................................................... 5-33



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Table 5-8: B-AMC "Inlay" Concept: Interference B-AMC towards DME (fine adjustment) ................................................................................ 5-36

Table 5-9: B-AMC "Inlay" Results: Interference B-AMC towards DME (fine adjustment) ................................................................................ 5-37

Table 5-10: Example of the evaluation of the B-AMC "Overlay" concept for a B-AMC cell of 60 nm radius ("S-Cell") ....................................................... 5-41

Table 5-11: B-AMC "Overlay" Concept: Interference B-AMC towards DME (fine adjustment) ................................................................................ 5-44

Table 5-12: B-AMC "Overlay" Results: Interference B-AMC towards DME (fine adjustment) ................................................................................ 5-45

Table 9-1: Isolation/Separation Values for Victim DME_A RX ............................... 9-4 Table 9-2: Isolation/Separation Values for Victim DME_G RX............................... 9-6 Table 9-3: Air-air Isolation/Separation Values for Victim DME_A RX...................... 9-7 Table 9-4: Parameters for Victim DME_A RX ..................................................... 9-8



Page: 1-1

1. Executive Summary

In order to be able to deploy a given radio system within some geographical region and optimally use / exploit available RF resources (channels), frequency planning is required.

The draft frequency planning approach described in this report is restricted to the scenarios involving only B-AMC and DME systems. Moreover, as with current DME/TACAN planning, only ground-air scenarios with airborne victim DME and B-AMC receivers have been investigated. As the En-Route coverage is the most demanding case with respect to the usage of spectral resources, this case has been investigated in detail – TMA and airport planning have been delegated to the future work.

In this work package, basic frequency planning rules according to B-AMC Deployment Option 2 – inlay deployment with 0.5 MHz frequency offset between B-AMC and existing DME channels - are developed and specified. Specific criteria for B-AMC receiver interference threshold in a multi-interferer environment (DME/TACAN) have been described, based on [D3]. Furthermore, an initial draft frequency plan for the deployment of B-AMC within Europe has been developed.

Within the initial planning exercise, large 120 nm En-Route B-AMC cells have been considered, with ground B-AMC TX power of +38 dBm. As expected, simultaneously considering the interference from the B-AMC GS towards airborne DME receivers and the interference from DME GSs towards airborne B-AMC receivers have imposed strong restrictions upon the pool of available B-AMC frequencies. In the consequence, for some B-AMC cells an appropriate B-AMC inlay frequency could not be found (at least not without re-arranging DME allocations).

In order to further increase the percentage of assignable B-AMC cells, the following supplementary conceptual refinements have been discussed:

• Extension of the FL/RL B-AMC frequency range (985.5 MHz – 1008.5 MHz to 979.5 MHz – 1018.5 MHz)

• Reduction of B-AMC cell radius for some B-AMC cells (from 120 nm to 60 nm), with the corresponding reduction of the B-AMC TX power (from +38 dBm to +32 dBm)

• Placement of B-AMC ENR ground stations at sufficient distance from DME stations (fine adjustment of B-AMC ground station positions)

• Investigation of an alternative B-AMC "overlay" concept with 0 MHz frequency offset to existing DME frequencies

The set of scenarios for several combinations of proposed improvements has been developed and investigated, with the results included in the section 5.3. The following general conclusions apply to that case:

• The B-AMC En-Route system can be operated as a cellular system with different cell sizes, e.g. by using 120 nm B-AMC cells ("T-Cells") and 60 nm cells ("S-Cells").

• For a large number of B-AMC cells in Europe appropriate B-AMC candidate frequencies can be determined, which do not violate the stringent interference requirements (-106.6 dBm threshold with 12 dB margin) towards the DME system.

Taking the dense distribution of DME and TACAN stations in Europe into account, as an overall conclusion the obtained preliminary results are quite positive. However, detailed evaluation of the B-AMC interference situation is required, covering all interference scenarios mentioned in sub-chapter 3.1.3 and considering appropriate re-use distances.



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Recommendations:

• Investigating other interference cases that could not be considered in this report (air-air, air-ground) and their impact upon frequency planning should be included as a topic for future work.

• Common agreement about the acceptable interference threshold for DME/B-AMC receivers should be achieved in the environment with multiple interferers.

• The draft criteria for frequency planning used in this work should be refined, dependent on the outcome of the above activities.

----------- END OF SECTION -----------



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2. Introduction

In order to be able to deploy a given radio system within some geographical region and optimally exploit available RF resources (channels), frequency planning is required.

In the aeronautical context, frequency planning assures that a particular aeronautical system can operate on each its assigned channel in a safe way, without being disturbed by the same or another system operating on a different channel.

According to the existing frequency planning practices, different systems to be considered within a given spectrum range (e.g. SSR and DME operating in the L-band) are normally mutually separated by guard bands. Moreover, specific (relatively simple) rules are applied for planning within a particular system (e.g. DME/TACAN).

In contrast to such traditional concepts, the B-AMC system has been developed with the objective to be able to operate as an inlay system within those parts of the L-band spectrum that are also used by the DME system. With that concept, the B-AMC channels are allocated in the middle (at 0.5 MHz offset) between two DME channels. No similar inlay concept and no frequency planning approach have been proposed in the aeronautical context so far. The required procedures for mutual planning between heterogeneous systems operating in the same band in the inlay mode are apparently much more demanding than those used within a homogenous system.

In this work package, basic frequency planning rules according to B-AMC Deployment Option 2 – inlay deployment - are developed and specified.

In addition, further investigations with regard to an overlay concept (i.e. no frequency off-set between DME frequencies and B-AMC frequencies) have been carried out.

Furthermore, a first draft frequency plan for the deployment of B-AMC within Europe has been developed.

To perform the draft frequency planning, comprehensive simulations assessing the impact of the DME interference on the B-AMC receiver are required. Main impact parameters for the frequency planning process are especially the maximum amount of DME interference (in terms of power and duty cycle) the B-AMC receiver can tolerate at a given frequency offset.

Based on these simulation results and taking into account the accurate position, reply frequency and TX power (EIRP) of ground interferer stations (DME, TACAN, etc.), as well as the transmission characteristics of airborne DME stations (interrogation frequency, TX power (EIRP) and position based on realistic European air traffic scenarios), detailed calculations are carried out to identify optimal B-AMC frequency channels.

Moreover, B-AMC cell sizes and deployment areas for B-AMC stations throughout Europe are determined aiming to minimize the interference to- as well as from B-AMC stations in an operational scenario. Furthermore, different types of B-AMC stations (Airport/TMA and/or En-route) based on realistic airspace structures are taken into account.

This deliverable is organized as follows:

The overall B-AMC frequency planning concept as well as the constraining parameters (e.g. reuse distance) having a major impact on the B-AMC frequency planning are outlined and specified in Chapter 3.

In Chapter 4 the detailed frequency planning rules as well as the decision parameter values for selecting a specific B-AMC cell frequency are specified.



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The rules and results derived in Chapter 4 are then used to produce a first Draft B-AMC Frequency Plan that is presented and discussed in Chapter 5. Based on these results further investigations with regard to smaller cell sizes and the investigation of an B-AMC overlay concept as a further alternative are investigated.

Chapter 6 concludes with the main achievements reached within this deliverable and suggestions for further evaluations.

----------- END OF SECTION -----------



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3. B-AMC Frequency Planning Approach and Constraints

This chapter contains an overview of the developed B-AMC frequency planning approach. In addition, the major parameters limiting constraints which have to be taken into account in B-AMC frequency planning are outlined.

3.1. Overview on B-AMC Frequency Planning Concept

3.1.1. Traditional Frequency Planning

In the aeronautical context, frequency planning assures that a particular aeronautical system can operate on its assigned channel without being disturbed by the same or another system operating within the same spectrum range on a different channel. Normally, planning considers the co-channel situation (both the target system and the interferer use the same channel) as well as first- and (optionally) second adjacent channel scenarios.

First, the protection requirements for the victim receiver are articulated. Traditionally this includes the specification of

• Minimum level of the desired signal D to be protected

• Maximum allowed level of the undesired signal U

• Protection ratios (D/U) between desired (D) and undesired (U) signal

The minimum protected level of the desired signal D is specified at the boundary of the Designed Operational Coverage range (DOC), i.e. at the maximum distance from the ground station of that system.

NOTE: In many cases DOC represents a cylinder with specified height and radius.

With the desired signal level D, the maximum allowed level of the undesired signal U at the boundary of the DOC must be specified in order to derive the D/U ratio. Alternatively, U can be calculated from the known D/U ratio.

The tolerable level of the undesired signal U highly depends on the specifics of the victim receiver and the type of the undesired signal. Therefore, the U value (or D/U ratio) must be separately specified for the co-channel case, as well as for the adjacent (in some cases also for the second adjacent) channel case.

Both D and U values should refer to the same reference point, e.g. the connector port of an isotropic receiver antenna or the input of the victim RX.

Finally, the required spatial separation between the GSs of involved systems is calculated by using known D and U figures combined with the appropriate propagation model.

3.1.2. Scope of the Draft B-AMC Planning

Existing L-band systems operate on channels that use an 1 MHz grid (SSR, UAT, DME) or multiples of this grid (JTIDS/MIDS, using 3 MHz grid). In such a context, "adjacent" channel means an offset of 1 MHz.



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The B-AMC system is proposed to operate at 0.5 MHz offset from the DME channel allocations1. In this context, "adjacent" channel means an offset of 0.5 MHz and "second adjacent" means an offset of 1.5 MHz.

Moreover, B-AMC Forward Link (FL) channels, where B-AMC GSs transmit, are restricted to the range from 985-1009 MHz of the L-band, while B-AMC Reverse Link (RL) channels used by transmitting B-AMC aircraft are placed within the 1048-1072 MHz range.

The draft frequency planning described in this report considers only B-AMC and DME systems. Other systems using fixed channels in the L-band such as SSR and UAT are considered to be protected via guard bands existing between above B-AMC allocations and the operating frequencies of these systems (978, 1030, 1090 MHz).

The impact of DME/TACAN ground stations on an airborne B-AMC receiver as well as the impact of B-AMC ground stations on an airborne DME receiver have been investigated in this work. The corresponding case in the B-AMC reverse link – the impact of DME/TACAN airborne units upon the B-AMC ground station - could not be addressed2. The B-AMC RL uses frequencies that are offset by +63 MHz from the FL channels. This will ease future frequency planning issues for B-AMC as well as for other L-band systems such as DME.

3.1.3. Objectives

With fully applied frequency planning

• Airborne DME receivers should be protected from ground B-AMC transmitters

• Airborne B-AMC receivers should be protected from ground DME transponders

• Ground DME receivers should be protected from airborne B-AMC transmitters

• Ground B-AMC receivers should be protected from airborne DME interrogators

• Airborne DME receivers should be protected from airborne B-AMC transmitters

• Airborne B-AMC receivers should be protected from airborne DME interrogators

NOTE: Protection of ground receivers from ground transmitters has been omitted in the above list, as the necessary isolation for the undisturbed operation of ground B-AMC and DME facilities is considered to be achievable by the proper selection of the locations for the ground stations and by applying standard radio engineering practices (e.g. RF filtering).

Full frequency planning exercise as described above is clearly out of scope of this work package. Therefore, from above scenarios two have been extracted and are investigated during the draft frequency planning work:

• Airborne B-AMC receivers should be protected from the ground DME responders

• Airborne DME receivers should be protected from ground B-AMC transmitters

The two selected scenarios are comparable with existing DME/TACAN planning practices.

1 In a further approach it has been investigated to operate the B-AMC system as an “overlay” system (i.e. re-using existing DME frequencies without offset); please refer to chapter 5 for details. 2 due to time constraints in carrying out this B-AMC study



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NOTE: [EURDoc011] aims to protect the desired signal at the airborne DME receiver from undesired (interfering) DME/TACAN signals. No criteria have been proposed there for protecting the DME GS.

As the draft frequency planning proposed here does not cover all possible interference cases, investigating other interference cases and their impact on frequency planning is strongly recommended as a topic for future work.

To achieve the objectives of appropriate frequency planning, the concepts outlined below have been developed.

3.1.4. Assumed Reference Topology

The B-AMC GS is operating (FL) on the channel fB, serving a circular Designed Operational Coverage (DOC) area with radius rB and height hB.

Frequency planning requires knowledge about the constellation of adjacent DME GSs operating at fD1 = fB ± 0.5 MHz and fD2 = fB ± 1.5 MHz (Figure 3-1)3.

NOTE: The topology is applicable to any offset (e.g.± 2.5 MHz) between the B-AMC GS FL channel and the DME GS transponder channel. The preliminary results have indicated that the systems’ mutual interference impact at frequency offset of ±2.5 MHz and more can be neglected.

The corresponding DME DoCs are assumed to be circular, with radii rD1 and rD2 and maximum designed heights hD1 and hD2.

The separation distances between the B-AMC DOC and the DME DoCs are described by dD1 and dD2, for frequency separations of ± 0.5 MHz and ± 1.5 MHz, respectively.

NOTE: Positive dD1 and dD2 values mean that the corresponding DoCs do not overlap; a negative value means that the DoCs do overlap, i.e. the victim aircraft may be simultaneously within the footprint of both DoCs.

These distances are determined with a victim airborne RX placed at the boundary of the circular DOC of the victim system at the "appropriate" height4.

NOTE: The victim receiver positions should be generally selected such that the received interference (both in terms of power and duty-cycle) is maximised.

In order to determine separation distances dD1 and dD2 between the GSs, both the interference from the B-AMC system towards the DME system and interference from the DME system towards the B-AMC system must be considered (the larger of two calculated separation distances would prevail in the final frequency planning criteria).

NOTE: In some scenarios in this report only one direction has been considered, as indicated in the corresponding textual description.

3 In case of the investigated alternative to operate the B-AMC system as an “overlay” system, adjacent DME GSs operating at fD1 = fB ± 1.0 MHz have been taken into account; please refer to chapter 5 for details. 4 such that the slant range towards the B-AMC ground station is minimized



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Figure 3-1: Constellation of B-AMC and DME DOCs

3.2. Airborne Victim B-AMC Receiver

B-AMC is designed as a cellular communication system. Currently three types of B-AMC cells are foreseen:

• B-AMC En-Route cells with a (maximum) cell radius of 120 nm and a height of up to FL 450 providing a continuous coverage in the area of interest,

• B-AMC TMA cells with a cell radius of 60 nm and a height of up to FL 245 covering the terminal manoeuvring area around airports, and

• B-AMC APT cells with a cell radius of 12 nm and a height of up to FL 50 covering the airport area.

fD2

fB

fD1

rB

rD2

rD1

dD2

dD1

DME DOC

fD2 = fB ± 1,5 MHz

DME DOC

fD1 = fB ± 0,5 MHz

B-AMC DOC

A

B

C

D

hD2

hB

hD1

Non-overlapping B-AMC and DME DOCs

Overlapping B-AMC and DME DOCs



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NOTE: In this report, the focus was put on En-Route cells as this is considered to be the most challenging task (seamless En-Route coverage consumes most of the spectral resources).

For the area of interest in which the B-AMC system is operated (Figure 3-1), the following frequency planning approach5 is carried out (based on the detailed actual DME channel assignment [COM3] and achievements of [D5]):

1. Calculate for a B-AMC victim receiver in an appropriate altitude at several positions within each B-AMC cell (within the DOC defined by radius rB and height hB in Figure 3-1) for each relevant DME channel (refer to chapter 4.1 for more details):

• Received mean interference power, taking into account all DME/TACAN stations within the radio horizon and beyond, transmitting in this DME channel.

NOTE: According to recent achievements of D3, the mean interference power is a very conservative measure for the effective interference power leading to a worst case representation. More realistic results can be achieved by means of a weighted average interference power where the weaker interferers have larger weighting factors than stronger interferers. However, the mean power approach has been used for the purpose of frequency planning in this report.

• Overall duty cycle, taking into account the corresponding number of DME stations (2700 ppps each) and TACAN stations (3600 ppps each).

NOTE: The B-AMC victim receiver is positioned in 30° steps on circles round the centre and in the centre of the B-AMC cell. For example, for rB=120 nm, the mean interference power and the duty cycle are determined at 73 discrete positions, i.e. centre, 12 positions on circle with radius 20 nm, 12 positions on circle with radius 40 nm, …, 12 positions on circle with radius 120nm, resulting in a total of 73 positions. The altitude of the victim aircraft is chosen in accordance to the maximum flight level of the investigated cell type, i.e. FL450 for ENR cells.

2. Calculate for each position of the B-AMC victim receiver and for each candidate B-AMC inlay FL frequency (within the FL transmitting range 985.5 – 1008.5 MHz, excluding "local" TACAN channels allocated on an "all-country" basis) the mean interference power, taking into account the calculated mean interference power (see above) received in the two adjacent DME channels (with -0.5 MHz and +0.5 MHz offset).

3. Based on the calculated mean interference power for each B-AMC inlay frequency, retrieve a ranking of these B-AMC inlay frequencies, with the lowest mean interference power corresponding to Rank 1 (best).

4. From the ranking of B-AMC inlay frequencies of each of the positions within the B-AMC cell determine an overall ranking of candidate B-AMC inlay frequencies for that cell.

5. In a next step check, if the interference conditions at each candidate B-AMC inlay frequency are tolerable for the B-AMC system. If any of the corresponding "Kick-

5 The basic B-AMC frequency planning approach is outlined here (and specified in more detail in chapter 4.1) taking into account – in a first step – only B-AMC En-Route (ENR) cells. Full frequency planning to be performed later on should include also B-AMC TMA/APT cells.



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Out" (KO) criteria derived from [D3] and summarized in chapter 4.2 are fulfilled the respective B-AMC inlay frequency is deleted from the list of candidate B-AMC inlay frequencies.

6. Finally assign to each B-AMC cell the best ranked of the remaining candidate B-AMC inlay frequencies, taking into account the minimum re-use distance specified in [D4] and outlined in chapter 3.4 (below) for the corresponding cell size.

3.3. Airborne Victim DME Receiver

A generic approach for planning with DME victim receivers for all possible scenarios is provided in ANNEX A. One particular case with an airborne DME victim receiver and interfering ground B-AMC transmitter has been investigated in this report, using the topology from Figure 3-1 and procedures described in section 9.4.1.

An inspection of [EURDoc011] has revealed that the DME frequency planning is based on the protected signal power density of -89 dBW/m2 at the DME_A RX antenna, rather than on the DME_A RX sensitivity- (-83 dBm at the RX input, specified in [DO-189]) that was used in [B-AMC D4] interference investigations. These two values can be linked together only by assuming the same reference airborne antenna.

With unchanged RX cable losses of 3 dB, reference antenna gain of 5.4 dBi [B-AMC D4] and the same S/I ratio of 16 dB (based on DME receiver noise susceptibility, assumed to be independent of the absolute S value), this input desired DME signal power density finally translates to the tolerable total interference power of -94.6 dBm at the input of the DME_A RX demodulator, or, by assuming 12 dB aeronautical- and multiple-system margin, to -106.6 dBm tolerable interference power from any single interferer at the DME_A RX demodulator input. This new modified value Pi is proposed to be used as a criterion for the DME_A RX for B-AMC frequency planning.

This new modified value for Pi has been used as a criterion for the DME_A RX in and further for initial B-AMC frequency planning.

The Pi value proposed above still includes 12 dB safety- and multiple system margins. However, the DME planning is based solely on the D/U ratio of 8 dB, without additional margins. The difference in the acceptable interference threshold of 12 dB has a potential to significantly impact the planning results.

In order to assess the selectivity of the frequency planning with respect to the assumed acceptable interference threshold, the entire investigation in this work has been repeated for three Pi values:

• Pi = -106.6 dBm (both safety- and multiple system margins included),

• Pi = -100.6 dBm (multiple system margin removed), and

• Pi = -94.6 dBm (both safety- and multiple system margins removed).

For each selected Pi value several steps have been performed, using parameters shown in Figure 3-2.



Page: 3-7

Figure 3-2: DME_A RX Chain Parameters

The B-AMC_G TX power Ptx = +38 dBm has been selected at the output of the B-AMC_G transmitter and is applicable to the B-AMC cells with 120 nm radius.

NOTE: With cell sizes of 60 nm Ptx= +32 dBm has been used, as indicated in the textual descriptions.

For each selected B-AMC_G TX operating frequency the DoCs of all DME GSs operating at ±0.5/±1.5/±2.5 MHz offset have been identified, based on [COM3]. For each such DME GS the following procedure has been applied:

1. Victim DME_A RX has been placed at the DOC boundary of the concerned DME GS at the worst-case position – at the closest distance to the interfering B-AMC GS

2. From known B-AMC TX power Ptx, cable losses Lct = 2 dB, maximum B-AMC TX antenna gain Gtmax = 8 dBi and the relative antenna elevation pattern grt the elevation-dependent EIRP (EIRPe) has been calculated in the direction of the victim DME_A RX

EIRPe =Ptx – Lct + Gtmax + grt (dBW)

3. From EIRPe and free-space loss Lfree the received power density Pd (dBW/m2) in front of the DME_A RX antenna has been calculated (refer to [EURDoc011]. page 59 for details):

Pd = EIRPe – 20.log10(sr) – 76.3 (if B-AMC ground station within radio horizon) or Pd = EIRPe – 20.log10(distRH) – 1.6.distbRH - 76.3 (if beyond radio horizon) with slant range (sr) in nm, distance to Radio Horizon (distRH) in nm, and distance beyond radio horizon (distbRH) in nm.

4. From Pd, the power Pai (dBW) has been calculated that would be received by an isotropic antenna, using the formula from [ICAO Annex 10/Vol I/p152]

Pai = Pd + 10 log10(λ2/(4π)) (dBW)

5. From Pai (dBW) the corresponding value Pri (dBm) has been calculated

6. From the Pri (dBm) value the power Pr (dBm) has been calculated that would be received with an airborne antenna assumed in [D4]

Pr =Pri + Grmax + grr (dBm)

7. Taking RX cable losses Lcr = 3 dB, the power Prr at the input of the DME_A RX has been calculated

Prr = Pr – Lcr (dBm)

8. From Prr and FDR (Table 3-1), the effective interference power Prd (dBm) at the input of the DME_A RX demodulator has been calculated.

Prd = Prr + FDR (dBm)

RX RX Demodulator

FDR Grmax, grr

Pi

Pd

Pai

Prr Lcr Pr Prd



Page: 3-8

Offset ∆f (MHz) ± 0.5 ± 1.5 ± 2.5

FDR (dB) -0.93 -45.88 -68.36

Table 3-1: FDR Values for an Airborne DME RX

NOTE: Table 3-1 has been derived from Table 9-1 in section 9.4.1. Understanding FDR as the amount of internal attenuation within the victim receiver that the specific input signal experiences until it reaches the demodulator, its values (in dB) should be positive. "FDR" values provided in Table 3 1 and Table 9-1 actually represent negative (dB) values of "true" FDR as it was defined in [B-AMC D4]. This has been considered in the above expression for Prd.

9. The obtained Prd value is compared with the previously defined interference threshold Pi.

If Prd ≤ Pi, B-AMC_G TX would cause no interference at the DME_A RX.

The entire procedure has been separately completed for each candidate Pi value.

3.4. Major Planning Parameters and Constraints

The details of the topology for investigating mutual B-AMC and DME interference are described in section 3.1.4 (Figure 3-1).

The basic parameters for the frequency planning involving DME and B-AMC systems are:

• B-AMC ground transmitter power and duty-cycle

The initial B-AMC TX power value was set to +38 dBm for en-route cells with 120 nm radius. For smaller cells the power will be reduced correspondingly. The B-AMC ground transmitter duty-cycle is 100% (continuous transmission).

• B-AMC DOC shape (cell radius rB, cell height hB)

In a first approach, the radius rB of an ENR B-AMC cell is set to 120 nm. If this turns out to be too large with respect to the corresponding interference conditions, the radius will be reduced where required. The height hB of an ENR B-AMC cell is set to 45,000ft corresponding to FL450.

• DME GS transmitter power and duty-cycle

The corresponding values relevant for interference towards the B-AMC airborne victim receiver have been taken from [COM3]. For each DME GS the maximum power as well as the maximum duty cycle as given in [COM3] is assumed.

• DME DOC shape (rD/hD)

Victim airborne DME receivers are placed within their DoCs (derived from [COM3]) at the position that guarantees maximum received interference power from the interfering B-AMC GS.

• Minimum level of the desired B-AMC signal D to be protected at the boundary of the B-AMC DOC

At the B-AMC DOC boundary, Eb/N0 = 10 dB is assumed to be available. This corresponds to the airborne B-AMC receiver sensitivity of -94.5 dBm. This can be calculated by

0 0 10P / 10 log ( )Rx bE N N R NF= + + ⋅ +



Page: 3-9

with thermal noise density N0 = -174 dBm/Hz, B-AMC FL data rate R=355.5 kbit/s, and the B-AMC receiver noise figure NF. According to [Annex 10, I], 9 dB is a typical value for the noise figure of a DME receiver. The same NF value was assumed for the B-AMC RX.

• Maximum allowed level of the undesired DME signal U at the boundary of the B-AMC DOC

This approach is appropriate for simple constellations with one desired transmitter, one undesired transmitter and the victim receiver. The decision parameter for an airborne B-AMC receiver is the FER achievable under certain interference conditions. An airborne B-AMC receiver exhibits different FER behaviour when exposed to the interference originating at multiple DME GSs operating with different duty cycles at different power levels. In detailed investigations in [D3], no universally valid level of the undesired DME signal could be determined. Therefore, the decision whether DME interference is tolerable or not was taken by comparing the measured interference situation in terms of interference power and duty cycle with the available FER simulations results from [D3].

• Minimum level of the desired DME signal D to be protected at the boundary of the DME DOC

The original value used for DME frequency planning is -89 dBW/m2 at the DME_A RX antenna. With a representative airborne DME antenna (5.4 dBi gain) and cable losses (3 dB) this translates to -78.6 dBm desired signal power at the DME RX input (at the middle of the L-band).

• Minimum level of the undesired B-AMC signal U at the boundary of the DME DOC

The 16 dB D/U ratio was applied (based on the known DME RX noise susceptibility), leading to the U = Pi = -94.6 dBm.

Three separate U = Pi values were used, one assuming additional 12 dB margin (Pi = -106.6 dBm), another one assuming 6 dB margin (Pi = -100.6 dBm), the third one assuming no additional margin (Pi = -94.6 dBm).

• DME receiver FDR

The offset-dependent FDR values have been used as shown in Table 3-1.

The results of the procedure for the case where B-AMC_G TX interferes DME_A RX described in section 3.3 are merged with the results of investigations for the opposite direction (DMG_G TX interferes B-AMC_A RX, section 3.2).

Only if both criteria are fulfilled the selected B-AMC_G TX channel is declared as being acceptable.

NOTE: In some scenarios in this report only one direction has been considered, as indicated in the corresponding textual description.

In addition, the B-AMC co-channel re-use distance is taken into account. For the final assignment of B-AMC FL frequencies, appropriate re-use distances as outlined in [D2.2] are taken into account. In [D2.2], it is proposed to take cluster size Nc = 7 as appropriate for B-AMC cellular planning, leading to a re-use distance of 4.56.

With this small cluster size, directly adjacent B-AMC centre frequencies are used in neighbouring cells.

----------- END OF SECTION -----------



Page: 4-1

4. Frequency Planning Rules and Selection Parameters

4.1. Frequency Planning Approach

4.1.1. Interference towards B-AMC airborne receiver

B-AMC is designed as a cellular communication system; currently three types of B-AMC cells are foreseen:

• B-AMC En-Route cells with a (maximum) cell radius of around 120 nm providing a continuous coverage in the area of interest,

• B-AMC TMA cells with a cell radius of around 60 nm covering the terminal manoeuvring area around airports, and

• B-AMC APT cells with a cell radius of 12 nm and a height of up to FL 50 covering the airport area.

NOTE: In this report, the focus was put on En-Route cells as this is considered to be the most challenging task (seamless En-Route coverage consumes most of the spectral resources).

For the area of interest in which the B-AMC system is operated, the following frequency planning approach is carried out:

Based on the detailed actual DME channel assignment [COM3] and achievements described in [D5] for each possible B-AMC cell area the following is calculated and taken into account (using the NAVSIM6 tool):

1. With regard to a B-AMC victim receiver:

• At an altitude corresponding to a characteristic maximum operating flight level for the type of B-AMC cell being investigated, e.g. FL450 for En-Route cells,

• At several positions within the cell (these positions are stepwise calculated at ranges of 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 nm from the B-AMC cell centre and twelve positions on each range tier every 30 degrees (0, 30, 60, 90, …, 330 degrees), and

• For each of the DME channels corresponding to the B-AMC Forward Link spectrum of the L-Band (e.g. DME channel frequencies from 985 to 1009 MHz) the following is calculated:

• Number of DME stations (received with a power of at least -130 dBW) operating in this DME channel, assuming a duty cycle of 2700 ppps of each DME station;

• Number of TACAN stations (received with at least a power of -130 dBW) operating in this DME channel, assuming a duty cycle of 3600 ppps of each TACAN station;

6 NAVSIM: European/Worldwide Air Traffic and ATM/ATC/CNS Simulator developed by Mobile Communications Research and Development GmbH, in close co-operation with University of Salzburg.



Page: 4-2

Note: simulations in [D3] have shown that interferers with power below -130 dBW can be neglected as they have no impact on the B-AMC system.

• Overall duty cycle (in ppps) of the DME channel, taking into account all DME and TACAN stations as specified above;

• Probability density function (PDF) of received power, taking into account a free space propagation model [EurDoc011, page 59], transmitter/receiver antenna characteristics, position and station type (DME or TACAN). In addition, the duty cycle is taken into account by weighting the interference power with the duty cycle of the corresponding DME/TACAN station. From the obtained power PDF the mean interference power (in dBW) received in the DME channel is calculated

As an example, the values calculated at Paris, CDG, for an en-route cell with maximum flight level FL450 are listed in Table 4-2 below. For each DME channel in the B-AMC FL frequency range (985-1009 MHz), the number of interfering DME/TACAN stations is given. Moreover, the overall duty cycle of all DME/TACAN stations active in the considered channel as well as the mean interference power derived from the power PDF for the respective channel is given.

The calculations of the interference power received at the input of the victim receiver are based on the following:

• Position of each DME/TACAN Station;

Note: Mobile TACAN Stations are positioned at a worst case position, either directly below the B-AMC victim receiver (if the position of the B-AMC is located within the country for which a mobile TACAN station is specified), or closest to the B-AMC victim receiver, but remaining at the border of the (neighbouring) country (for which the mobile TACAN station is specified).

• Type of DME Station (DME only, VOR/DME, ILS/DME, VORTAC, TACAN, etc.)

• Operation characteristics (coordinated/planned)

• Slant range (in nm) of DME/TACAN station to B-AMC victim receiver

• DME channel, mode (X/Y) and reply frequency in MHz

• EIRP (dBW) of the GND antenna

• Ground station antenna characteristics (relative gain vs. elevation angle ϕ) [D4]

• Airborne (B-AMC victim) receiver antenna characteristics (relative gain vs. elevation angle α) [D4]

• Representative maximum airborne L-Band antenna gain in the main lobe (=5.4 dBi)

• Feeder losses (3 dB)

Note: An example of the calculated values is shown in Table 4-1.

1. For each position of the B-AMC victim receiver within the B-AMC cell the following is calculated for each of the possible B-AMC inlay frequencies:



Page: 4-3

• Mean interference power (in dBW) taking into account the calculated mean interference power (in dBW) received in the two adjacent DME channels (with -0.5 MHz and +0.5 MHz offset)7

2. For each position of the B-AMC victim receiver within the B-AMC cell the following is calculated for each of the possible B-AMC inlay frequencies:

• Rank of the corresponding B-AMC inlay frequency sorted by the above specified mean interference power taking into account the two adjacent DME channels.

Note: An example of the calculated ranking is contained in Table 4-3.

3. In order to pre-select the optimal B-AMC inlay frequency for the whole B-AMC cell under consideration the following values are calculated:

• Mean rank8 for each of the considered B-AMC inlay frequencies with regard to:

• All (twelve) positions at a specific range (e.g. at 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 nm)

• All positions up to a specific range (e.g. 1 position at 0 nm (centre) + 12 positions at 20 nm + 12 positions at 40 nm, + … + 12 positions at 80 nm).

• Rank-Coincidence-Depth:

For a comparison of the B-AMC inlay frequency ranking for a specific range with the ranking within the whole B-AMC cell area for that specific range under consideration, the term Rank-Coincidence-Depth is defined as:

• Number of B-AMC inlay frequencies, which are the same, for both:

o The (outer tier) of the specific range, and

o The whole B-AMC cell range area up to this specific range.

The corresponding mean rank value is a measure for the homogeneity of the B-AMC inlay frequency ranking within the considered reference (outer range tier or whole range area) and therefore defined as Rank-Score; a Rank-Score (mean rank value) of 0 (= "best" value) would indicate full homogeneity.

A Rank-Coincidence-Depth of at least 1 would indicate that the "best" B-AMC inlay frequency applies both at the outer area of a specific B-AMC cell range and within the whole B-AMC cell area of that size under consideration.

However, even for larger areas (beyond a Rank-Coincidence-Depth of 1) the determined "best" B-AMC inlay frequency/frequencies is/are considered to be appropriate, if consistent with the candidate frequencies for the largest area with a Rank-Coincidence-Depth of 1.

7 In a further alternative approach it has also been investigated to operate the B-AMC system as an “overlay” system (i.e. no (0 MHz) offset compared to existing DME frequencies); in this case adjacent DME GSs operating at ± 1.0 MHz must be taken into account; please refer to chapter 5 for details. 8 Mean rank = Sum of (rank value – 1) divided by n; where n is the number of position rank values.



Page: 4-4

Note: An example of the calculated rank coincidence depth is contained in Table 4-3 for an en-route cell centred at Paris, CDG.

4. In a next step for each B-AMC cell and for each candidate B-AMC inlay frequency the "worst case" interference area (one of the 73 spot areas mentioned in sub-chapter 3.2 above) with the highest received mean interference power is determined, and for this area the mean interference power of the two adjacent 0.5MHz offset DME frequencies are indicated along with the corresponding duty cycle of all DME/TACAN stations received in the corresponding DME channel.

5. In a further next step it is checked if any of the "kick-out" criteria derived from [D3] and summarized in chapter 4.2 are fulfilled, in which case all such frequencies from the list of candidate B-AMC inlay frequencies are deleted. For that purpose, that point within the considered cell with the worst interference conditions in terms of interference power and duty cycle is evaluated (step 4 described above).

6. Finally to each B-AMC cell the highest ranking ("best") of the remaining candidate B-AMC inlay frequencies is assigned, taking into account the minimum re-use distance specified in [D4] and outlined in chapter 3.4 for the corresponding cell size.

4.1.2. Interference from B-AMC GSs to DME airborne victim receiver

So far, only interference from DME/TACAN stations towards the B-AMC system has been taken into account. For each candidate B-AMC centre frequency it is guaranteed (by applying kick-out criteria) that the B-AMC system can operate in the interference environment related to the chosen centre frequency. Thereby, interference towards DME/TACAN stations is implicitly limited by limiting the B-AMC TX power to +38 dBm. Still, it is necessary to check whether the B-AMC power levels received by the DME receivers are acceptable.

Therefore, in the next step, the actual impact of B-AMC ground transmitter on DME/TACAN airborne stations is investigated.

According to the procedure described in section 3.3, for each candidate B-AMC centre frequency, the interference power caused at the closest DME/TACAN airborne receiver operating in the channels at +/-0.5, +/-1.5, and +/-2.5 MHz is determined. If the comparison of the determined interference power with the maximum tolerable interference power reveals that the B-AMC system disturbs a DME/TACAN station, the respective centre frequency is removed from the candidate list.

In cases where no candidate centre frequencies remain either the position of the B-AMC ground station is varied/adjusted or the B-AMC cell radius is reduced, by reducing the required B-AMC TX power from +38 dBm to +32 dBm.



Page: 4-5

ID DME Station

Co

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(nm

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GS

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GS

an

ten

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po

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ten

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airb

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(+

5.4

dB

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d ca

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loss

(3 d

B)

KLEINE BROGEL C 171 33X 994 TACAN 1 4 39 -1.6 37.4 -105 -1.5 -104.1

SPD SPANGDAHLEM C 171 56X 1017 DME 1 4 29 -1.6 27.4 -115.2 -1.5 -114.3

IRWL RAMSTEIN C 198 42X 1003 ILS/DME 1 3 29 -1.6 27.4 -116.3 -1.7 -115.6

IWIW WIESBADEN C 232 22X 983 DME 0 3 29 -2 27 -117.9 -1.7 -117.2

TST METZ/FRESCATY C 141 23X 984 TACAN 2 4 30 -1.2 28.8 -111.8 -1.5 -110.9

FRO LELYSTAD C 236 51X 1012 DME 0 3 37 -2 35 -110.3 -1.7 -109.6

ISI SION C 256 44X 1005 ILS/DME 0 3 29 -2 27 -119 -1.7 -118.3

IAMW ALLGAU P 310 38X 999 ILS/DME 0 3 35 -2 33 -192 -1.7 -190.8

INEW ST MAWGAN/NEWQUAY P 306 42X 1003 ILS/DME 0 3 29 -2 27 -191.7 -1.7 -190.4

ROS ROTTERDAM P 190 46X 1007 ILS/DME 1 3 29 -1.6 27.4 -116 -1.7 -115.3

BRUXELLES/NATIONAL C 136 36X 997 MLS/DME 2 4 29 -1.2 27.8 -112.6 -1.5 -111.7

TIS THIERS C 193 27X 988 DME 1 3 37 -1.6 35.4 -108 -1.7 -107.3

CHIVENOR C 287 32X 993 MLS/DME 0 3 29 -2 27 -161.2 -1.7 -159.9

ICW CRANWELL C 268 22X 983 ILS/DME 0 3 29 -2 27 -130.7 -1.7 -129.4

EXETER/EXETER C 254 22X 983 MLS/DME 0 3 29 -2 27 -118.7 -1.7 -118.0

IUY GUERNSEY/GUERNSEY C 204 18X 979 DME 1 3 29 -1.6 27.4 -116.4 -1.7 -115.7

MGWW LONDON/GATWICK C 167 46X 1007 MLS/DME 1 4 29 -1.6 27.4 -114.9 -1.5 -114.0

LONDON/GATWICK C 166 52X 1013 MLS/DME 2 4 29 -1.2 27.8 -114.5 -1.5 -113.6

MHRL LONDON/HEATHROW C 188 32X 993 MLS/DME 1 3 29 -1.6 27.4 -115.8 -1.7 -115.1

MHER LONDON/HEATHROW C 189 40X 1001 MLS/DME 1 3 29 -1.6 27.4 -115.9 -1.7 -115.2



Page: 4-6

ID DME Station

Co

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inate

d/

Pla

nn

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Sla

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(nm

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Ch

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(MH

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GS

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GS

an

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Rece

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airb

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(+

5.4

dB

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d ca

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loss

(3 d

B)

LONDON/HEATHROW C 187 44X 1005 MLS/DME 1 3 29 -1.6 27.4 -115.8 -1.7 -115.1

MSTD LONDON/STANSTED C 193 40X 1001 DME 1 3 29 -1.6 27.4 -116.1 -1.7 -115.4

MSDX LONDON/STANSTED C 193 42X 1003 MLS/DME 1 3 29 -1.6 27.4 -116.1 -1.7 -115.4

ST MAWGAN C 306 38X 999 MLS/DME 0 3 29 -2 27 -191.6 -1.7 -190.4

SWZ SWANSEA C 298 40X 1001 DME 0 3 29 -2 27 -178.9 -1.7 -177.6

IWA WADDINGTON C 275 44X 1005 ILS/DME 0 3 29 -2 27 -142.1 -1.7 -140.8

GRO GRONINGEN/EELDE C 289 36X 997 ILS/DME 0 3 29 -2 27 -164.4 -1.7 -163.2

ELU LUXEMBOURG/LUXEMBOUR C 147 47X 1008 DME 2 4 29 -1.2 27.8 -113.4 -1.5 -112.5

ISW GENEVE/COINTRIN C 220 36X 997 ILS/DME 1 3 29 -1.6 27.4 -117.2 -1.7 -116.5

INE GENEVE C 220 46X 1007 ILS/DME 1 3 29 -1.6 27.4 -117.3 -1.7 -116.6

IKL ZURICH C 258 20X 981 ILS/DME 0 3 29 -2 27 -118.8 -1.7 -118.1

IZH ZURICH C 257 42X 1003 ILS/DME 0 3 29 -2 27 -119 -1.7 -118.3

SPA SPANGDAHLEM P 171 32X 993 TACAN 1 4 40 -1.6 38.4 -104 -1.5 -103.0

IBE BERN-BELP P 236 38X 999 ILS/DME 0 3 29 -2 27 -118.2 -1.7 -117.5

ALL BELGIUM C 106 34X 995 TACAN 3 5 40 -0.8 39.2 -99 -1.2 -97.8

ALL BELGIUM C 106 36X 997 TACAN 3 5 39 -0.8 38.2 -100.1 -1.2 -98.8



Table 4-1: Paris CDG (CGE) – FL450: Calculated Values for each DME/TACAN Station (using COM3 Database of March 20, 2007)



Page: 4-7

VICTIM receiver in 45000 feet (RH = 261 nm) at: CGE PARIS/CH. DE GAULLE

MHz 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009

# DME 1 2 5 2 5 2 3 1 7 0 0 0 5 0 7 0 5 1 9 1 6 0 10 1 2

#TACAN 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 3 1 2 1 2 0 3 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 2

Duty cycle (ppps) 6300 9000 13500 5400 17100 9000 11700 2700 22500 10800 3600 7200 17100 7200 18900 10800 17100 6300 24300 6300 19800 3600 27000 6300 12600

Mean Power (De)9 -112.5 -105.3 -114.4 -107.4 -109 -94.9 -113.8 -113.6 -111.8 -106.8 -103 -108.9 -108.7 -109.8 -119.3 -106.8 -111.7 -96.3 -113.2 -103.4 -115.4 -132.5 -112.6 -112 -113.4

Table 4-2: Paris CDG (CGE) – FL450: # DME/TACAN stations, duty cycle, mean interference power in each DME channel (985 – 1009 MHz)

9 Expected (mean) power (dBW) taking duty cycle in each DME channel into account



Page: 4-8

Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

0nm 0° 1005.5 1006.5 991.5 1008.5 992.5 998.5 1007.5 987.5 999.5 997.5

60nm 0° 998.5 1007.5 1006.5 1008.5 1005.5 991.5 1003.5 992.5 1004.5 999.5

60nm 30° 991.5 998.5 1007.5 992.5 1006.5 1008.5 1005.5 1004.5 1003.5 999.5

60nm 60° 991.5 1007.5 1008.5 998.5 1006.5 992.5 1004.5 1003.5 1005.5 999.5

60nm 90° 991.5 1008.5 1007.5 992.5 1006.5 1005.5 998.5 1004.5 1003.5 988.5

60nm 120° 991.5 1008.5 1007.5 992.5 1006.5 988.5 1005.5 987.5 996.5 998.5

60nm 150° 1005.5 1006.5 1008.5 1007.5 991.5 987.5 988.5 996.5 992.5 1000.5

60nm 180° 1005.5 1007.5 1006.5 1008.5 996.5 991.5 998.5 999.5 997.5 993.5

60nm 210° 991.5 1005.5 1006.5 998.5 996.5 992.5 997.5 1008.5 1007.5 999.5

60nm 240° 1005.5 1006.5 991.5 998.5 996.5 997.5 987.5 1000.5 999.5 1007.5

60nm 270° 1005.5 1006.5 998.5 987.5 997.5 996.5 1000.5 999.5 1007.5 993.5

60nm 300° 1006.5 1005.5 998.5 997.5 987.5 999.5 1000.5 1007.5 996.5 1008.5

60nm 330° 1006.5 1005.5 998.5 1007.5 1003.5 1004.5 991.5 1008.5 992.5 999.5

Range 60nm Freq: 1006.5 1005.5 991.5 1007.5 998.5 1008.5 992.5 999.5 987.5 996.5

Range 60nm Rank Score: 2.1 2.7 3.8 3.9 4.1 5.1 7.5 8.7 9.6 9.8

B-AMC Cell Range 60nm frequency: 1006.5 1005.5 991.5 1007.5 1008.5 998.5 992.5 987.5 997.5 999.5

B-AMC Cell Range 60nm Rank Score: 1.8 2.3 2.6 3.2 4 4.7 6.8 8.4 8.8 9.5

Range Coincidence Depth 4



Page: 4-9

Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

80nm 0° 998.5 1007.5 1006.5 1003.5 1008.5 1005.5 992.5 1004.5 991.5 999.5

80nm 30° 998.5 991.5 1007.5 1004.5 992.5 1003.5 1008.5 1006.5 1005.5 986.5

80nm 60° 991.5 1007.5 1004.5 1008.5 992.5 1003.5 998.5 1006.5 1005.5 985.5

80nm 90° 991.5 1007.5 1008.5 992.5 1006.5 1005.5 1004.5 988.5 1003.5 987.5

80nm 120° 991.5 1008.5 1007.5 988.5 987.5 1006.5 1005.5 992.5 993.5 996.5

80nm 150° 1005.5 1006.5 1008.5 1007.5 991.5 987.5 996.5 988.5 992.5 993.5

80nm 180° 1007.5 1005.5 1006.5 996.5 1008.5 991.5 993.5 999.5 997.5 998.5

80nm 210° 1005.5 1006.5 991.5 996.5 998.5 999.5 997.5 1007.5 992.5 993.5

80nm 240° 998.5 1005.5 997.5 1006.5 996.5 999.5 991.5 1000.5 993.5 1007.5

80nm 270° 1005.5 1006.5 998.5 997.5 987.5 996.5 999.5 1000.5 993.5 1007.5

80nm 300° 998.5 1006.5 1005.5 997.5 987.5 1004.5 996.5 1003.5 999.5 1000.5

80nm 330° 1006.5 998.5 1005.5 1004.5 1003.5 1007.5 992.5 999.5 1008.5 997.5

Range 80nm Freq: 1006.5 1005.5 1007.5 998.5 991.5 1008.5 992.5 999.5 987.5 997.5

Range 80nm Rank Score: 2.8 3.2 4.3 4.9 5.6 6.4 8.1 8.8 10 10.1

B-AMC Cell Range 80nm frequency: 1006.5 1005.5 991.5 1007.5 1008.5 998.5 992.5 987.5 997.5 999.5

B-AMC Cell Range 80nm Rank Score: 2.1 2.5 3.3 3.4 4.6 4.7 7.1 8.8 9.1 9.3




Page: 4-10

Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

120nm 0° 998.5 1007.5 1003.5 1004.5 992.5 1006.5 1005.5 986.5 997.5 1008.5

120nm 30° 991.5 998.5 1004.5 992.5 1007.5 1003.5 1008.5 1006.5 1005.5 986.5

120nm 60° 991.5 1004.5 1003.5 998.5 1007.5 1008.5 1006.5 990.5 1002.5 1005.5

120nm 90° 991.5 1004.5 1003.5 988.5 987.5 985.5 992.5 1006.5 1007.5 1008.5

120nm 120° 988.5 1008.5 991.5 987.5 1007.5 1005.5 1006.5 992.5 1004.5 993.5

120nm 150° 1005.5 1006.5 1007.5 1008.5 986.5 993.5 991.5 996.5 994.5 992.5

120nm 180° 996.5 1007.5 1005.5 995.5 1006.5 993.5 1008.5 994.5 986.5 999.5

120nm 210° 993.5 999.5 996.5 1007.5 995.5 994.5 1000.5 1005.5 998.5 997.5

120nm 240° 1000.5 993.5 998.5 999.5 996.5 997.5 1005.5 1006.5 995.5 994.5

120nm 270° 1005.5 1006.5 998.5 997.5 996.5 987.5 993.5 1000.5 999.5 1004.5

120nm 300° 998.5 1005.5 1006.5 997.5 1004.5 987.5 1003.5 986.5 996.5 993.5

120nm 330° 998.5 1005.5 1006.5 1004.5 1003.5 986.5 992.5 993.5 987.5 1007.5

Range 120nm Freq: 1005.5 1006.5 1007.5 998.5 1008.5 991.5 993.5 1004.5 996.5 986.5

Range 120nm Rank Score: 4.6 4.8 6.1 7.7 8.7 9.3 9.4 9.7 10 10.2

B-AMC Cell Range 120nm Freq: 1006.5 1005.5 1007.5 991.5 998.5 1008.5 992.5 987.5 999.5 997.5

B-AMC Cell Range 120nm Rank Score: 2.8 3 4.2 5.1 5.4 5.8 8 9.3 9.8 10


Table 4-3: Paris CDG (CGE) – FL450: Ranking of B-AMC inlay frequencies (985.5 – 1008.5 MHz) for range sizes 0, 60, 80 and 120nm



Page: 4-11

4.2. Frequency Selection and Decision Parameters

4.2.1. Interference towards B-AMC airborne victim receiver

When determining the candidate frequencies for the B-AMC cells, interference conditions just have been considered relative to each other by means of ranking interference conditions in different channels. Once candidate frequencies for each B-AMC cell are available, it has to be checked, if the B-AMC system can cope with the existing interference conditions.

Systematic interference simulations carried out in [D3] have shown that an interference scenario with two different interferers in the channels at +0.5 and -0.5 MHz offset can be represented by a simplified interference scenario. In the simplified version, still one interferer in each adjacent channel is considered, but these two interferers have the same power and duty cycle. The representative power is determined by means of a weighted average of the powers of the two interferers. The stronger interferer is weighted by 1 and the weaker interferer gets weighting factor 2. The representative duty cycle is determined as the average duty cycle of both interferers as long as the highest duty cycle does not exceed 14400 ppps. Otherwise, the higher of the two duty cycles is chosen.

Consequently, only two parameters are relevant when evaluating the interference situation in both adjacent channels, namely the representative power and the representative duty cycle. These parameters describe each of the two interferers in both adjacent channels. (Without this simplification at least four parameters have to be taken into account, namely interference power in channel at 0.5 MHz offset, duty cycle in channel at 0.5 MHz offset, interference power in channel at -0.5 MHz offset, and duty cycle in channel at -0.5 MHz offset.)

The results from [D3] can be summarized to a power / pulse rate matrix as shown in Figure 4-1. Eb/N0 = 10 dB has been chosen as working point for the B-AMC system. For a cell size of 120 nm this corresponds to a B-AMC TX power of 38 dBm which is the lower bound of the considered B-AMC TX power range between 38 dBm and 48 dBm. For smaller cell sizes, the required TX power reduces further.

In Figure 4-1, a green point indicates that the FER of the B-AMC system is below 1e-2 and thus the B-AMC system can be operated in the corresponding interference conditions. A yellow point stands for FER between 5e-2 and 1e-2 which means that the B-AMC system can be operated in this interference environment, but the performance is critical. When FER exceeds 5e-2, a red point is plotted in Figure 4-1. In this case, the B-AMC system can not be operated as the impact of interference is too strong.



Page: 4-12

-80 -75 -70 -65 -60 -55

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

x 104

power [dBm] of interferer at +/-0.5 MHz offset

puls

e ra

te [p

pps]

of i

nter

fere

r at +

/-0.5

MH

z of

fset

Figure 4-1: Power / pulse rate matrix for interferers with same power and pulse rate at +0.5 and –0.5 MHz offset to the B-AMC centre frequency, Eb/N0 = 10 dB (38 dBm TX

power with 120 nm cell radius)

The results are exploited in order to evaluate whether or not the B-AMC system can operate under certain interference conditions that are related to a certain choice of the centre frequency. In a certain cell, for each candidate centre frequency, interference conditions are considered at the point with the worst interference conditions within the entire cell. At that point, the interference power averaged over all contributing DME stations is determined for both, the channel at +0.5 and at -0.5 MHz offset. In addition, the duty cycle in each channel is determined by summing up the duty cycles of all contributing DME stations. According to the results from [D3], considering the average interference power per channel is a worst case assumption. Better and probably more realistic results could be obtained by considering a weighted average where weaker interferers are weighted stronger.

The resulting interference scenario consisting of two different interferers in the channels at +/-0.5 MHz offset is simplified according to the procedure described above. The resulting simplified interference scenario consists of just two interferers with the same power and the same pulse rate in both adjacent channels.

For a certain constellation of power and pulse rate, Figure 4-1 indicates whether or not the B-AMC system provides sufficient performance. Applying these criteria to all candidate B-AMC centre frequencies, it is selected which candidates can be retained for further frequency planning.

NOTE: The grid of available simulation results (Figure 4-1) is relatively coarse. If the actually observed interference conditions are in between two points, always the worst result is considered. With a further refinement of Figure 4-1, probably more candidate B-AMC cell frequencies can be retained.



Page: 4-13

In Table 4-4, the application of kick-out criteria is demonstrated on the basis of the B-AMC cell at Paris CDG. For 10 candidate frequencies, the mean interference power in the channel at +/-0.5 MHz offset as well as the total pulse rate of all contributing DME/TACAN stations is determined at the point with the worst interference conditions within the entire cell. From these values, calculated with the NAVSIM tool, the representative mean interference power and pulse rate are determined based on the findings from [D3] which have been described above. The power/pulse rate matrix from Figure 4-1 indicates whether the B-AMC system can be operated at the candidate frequency. For 1006.5 MHz, a representative interferer with power -107.4 dBW= -77.4 dBm and pulse rate 21600 ppps has to be considered in the channel at +0.5 MHz as well as in the channel at -0.5 MHz offset. Although no exact results for these parameters are available, it becomes obvious from Figure 4-1 that the B-AMC system cannot the operated at this frequency. In Table 4-4, this is indicated by "-" in the last column. After going through the entire list, two candidate frequencies are retained, which is indicated by "+" in the last column.

Candidate frequency (MHz)

Rank Score

Mean interference power at +0.5 MHz (dBW)

Mean interference power at -0.5 MHz (dBW)

Total pulse rate at +0.5 MHz (ppps)

Total pulse rate at -0.5 MHz (ppps)

Representative mean interference power (dBW)

Representative pulse rate (ppps)

Kick-out

1006.5 2.8 -104 -111.2 3600 21600 -107.4 21600 -

1005.5 3 -110.2 -104 19800 3600 -107.1 19800 -

1007.5 4.2 -113.3 -103.3 24300 6300 -107.3 24300 -

991.5 5.1 -100 -107 3600 2700 -103.3 3150 +

998.5 5.4 -98 -110.6 3600 19800 -102.3 19800 -

1008.5 5.8 -103.3 -110.8 6300 6300 -106.8 6300 +

992.5 8 -101 -111.2 2700 18900 -105.0 18900 -

987.5 9.3 -110.9 -100.9 8100 6300 -104.9 7200 -

999.5 9.8 -115.1 -98.9 13500 10800 -103.5 12150 -

997.5 10 -110.2 -98 17100 3600 -102.3 17100 -

Table 4-4: Application of kick-out criteria to candidate B-AMC frequencies at Paris, CDG.

4.2.2. Interference from B-AMC GSs towards airborne DME victim receiver

In the first step, candidate frequencies have been selected for which it is guaranteed that the B-AMC system is able to cope with interference caused by DME stations operating in the adjacent channels. In the second step, the opposite interference direction is considered, i.e. it is checked whether or not the B-AMC system causes interference at DME stations operating in the proximity. For that purpose, interference power caused by a B-AMC ground station transmitting with 38 dBm at an airborne DME receiver operating in the closest possible distance to the B-AMC ground station is determined. The procedure for calculating the interference power described in detail in section 3.3, is applied to the DME channels at +/- 0.5, +/- 1.5 and +/- 2.5 MHz offset from each candidate B-AMC frequency.



Page: 4-14

If the interference power produced by the B-AMC ground station exceeds the threshold of maximum tolerable interference power in one adjacent DME channel, the corresponding B-AMC frequency is removed from the candidate list.

----------- END OF SECTION -----------



Page: 5-1

5. Draft B-AMC Frequency Plan

5.1. Scope

The scope of this sub-chapter is to apply the frequency planning approach outlined in Chapter 3 and Chapter 4 of this document to the European situation and to derive a first B-AMC frequency plan with regard to larger B-AMC En-route cells (radius = 120 nm).

Based on the initial results (section 5.2), a number of further scenarios/refinements considering smaller B-AMC cells (with 60 nm radius) and the overlay deployment concept as an alternative to the inlay concept assumed so far have been investigated and are presented in section 5.2.3.

5.2. Initial B-AMC Frequency Planning

5.2.1. DME GS Interference towards airborne B-AMC Victim Receiver

The NAVSIM tool has identified Paris, CDG, as that area with the highest density of DME/TACAN stations seen within the radio horizon (261 nm) from an aircraft flying at high altitude (FL 450).

Therefore, it has been decided to start the B-AMC frequency planning from this area and to demonstrate the applicability of the B-AMC system concept even to this worst case area of Europe.

In a first step, for each cell a cell radius of 120 nm has been assumed.

In order to support continuous B-AMC data communications by handovers between adjacent B-AMC cells, and assuming typical B-AMC cell sizes of 120 nm radius range, the appropriate distance between B-AMC ground stations - to ensure completely covered areas by overlapping B-AMC cells – is around 200 nm10.

Therefore, the B-AMC frequency planning approach outlined in chapter 4.1 above has been applied to the following B-AMC cells in Europe (refer to Figure 5-1 and the corresponding Table 5-1 below):

ID11 Latitude Longitude Closest Aerodrome Distance (nm) to closest aerodrome

T001 N 29 03 08 W 015 00 32 GC GRAN CANARIA 76.2

T017 N 32 22 46 W 015 00 31 LP PORTO SANTO 79.5

T021 N 32 22 45 E 012 17 32 DT ZARZIS 117.9

T028 N 33 59 43 E 009 19 27 DT ZARZIS 72.8

T030 N 33 59 43 E 023 13 46 LG IOANNIS DASKALOGIANNIS 103

10 Distance d = 2*r*cosine(π/6); where r is the B-AMC cell radius. 11 Note: omitted cell IDs are in oceanic or remote regions away from infrastructure



Page: 5-2


T034 N 35 42 25 W 007 54 36 LP FARO 78.6

T035 N 35 42 25 W 000 48 40 DA ES SENIA 10.9

T037 N 35 42 24 E 013 23 10 LI LAMPEDUSA 39.6

T038 N 35 42 24 E 020 29 07 LG KALAMATA AB 110.7

T039 N 35 42 24 E 027 35 03 LG KARPATHOS 27.5

T042 N 37 18 59 W 004 08 12 LE GRANADA 18.8

T043 N 37 18 59 E 003 06 39 DA HOUARI BOUMEDIENE 37.7

T044 N 37 18 59 E 010 21 34 DT CARTHAGE 28.7

T045 N 37 18 59 E 017 36 28 LI REGGIO CALABRIA 103.4

T046 N 37 18 59 E 024 51 20 LG SYROS 7.9

T050 N 39 02 02 W 007 35 15 LE TALAVERA LA REAL 36.8

T051 N 39 02 02 W 000 09 58 LE MANISES 31

T052 N 39 02 02 E 007 15 18 LI DECIMOMANNU MIL 82.2

T053 N 39 02 02 E 014 40 35 LI TERME 73.5

T054 N 39 02 02 E 022 05 52 LG ALMIROS AB 34.4

T055 N 39 02 02 E 029 31 10 LT ADNAN MENDERES 119.7

T057 N 40 38 13 W 011 12 39 LP MONTE REAL AB 117.2

T058 N 40 38 13 W 003 36 50 LE BARAJAS 10.2

T059 N 40 38 13 E 003 58 57 LE MENORCA 47.8

T060 N 40 38 13 E 011 34 45 LI PRATICA DI MARE MIL 72.9

T061 N 40 38 13 E 019 10 34 LA RINAS 52.8

T062 N 40 38 13 E 026 46 23 LG DIMOKRITOS 39.5

T066 N 42 21 40 W 007 12 23 LE SANTIAGO 62.4

T067 N 42 21 40 E 000 35 42 LF LOURDES-PYRENEES 56.1

T068 N 42 21 40 E 008 23 52 LF ST CATHERINE 20

T069 N 42 21 40 E 016 12 00 LI AMENDOLA MIL 53.8

T070 N 42 21 40 E 024 00 08 LB SOFIA 33.1

T074 N 43 57 24 W 002 59 45 LE BILBAO 39.6

T075 N 43 57 24 E 005 00 45 LF CAUMONT 5.7

T076 N 43 57 23 E 013 01 17 LI RIMINI MIL 18.2

T077 N 43 57 23 E 021 01 50 LY NIS 51.6

T078 N 43 57 23 E 029 02 22 LR M. KOGALNICEANU 34.1

T079 N 43 57 23 E 037 02 55 UR VITYAZEVO 64.1

T083 N 45 41 20 E 001 29 53 LF BELLEGARDE 16.9



Page: 5-3


T084 N 45 41 20 E 009 45 08 LI ORIO AL SERIO 2.5

T085 N 45 41 19 E 018 00 20 LD CEPIN 27.8

T086 N 45 41 19 E 026 15 34 LR BACAU 57

T087 N 45 41 19 E 034 30 47 UK SIMFEROPOL' 45

T090 N 47 16 30 W 002 15 42 LF MONTOIR 4.8

T091 N 47 16 30 E 006 14 10 LF LA VEZE 7.6

T092 N 47 16 30 E 014 44 05 LO ZELTWEG AB 4.3

T093 N 47 16 30 E 023 14 00 LR TAUTII MAGHERAUS 24.9

T094 N 47 16 30 E 031 43 53 UK MYKOLAIV 15.2

T098 N 49 00 57 W 006 13 00 LF GUIPAVAS 79

T099 N 49 00 57 E 002 34 30 LF CHARLES-DE-GAULLE 1.2

T100 N 49 00 57 E 011 22 03 ET MANCHING AB 19.2

T101 N 49 00 57 E 020 09 34 LZ TATR 4.7

T102 N 49 00 57 E 028 57 08 UK VINNITSA 19

T103 N 49 00 57 E 037 44 39 UK DONETS'K 56.6

T105 N 50 35 33 W 010 28 02 EI FARRANFORE 101.8

T106 N 50 35 33 W 001 23 01 EG BOURNEMOUTH 20.8

T107 N 50 35 33 E 007 42 00 ED SIEGERLAND 16.1

T108 N 50 35 33 E 016 47 02 EP STRACHOWICE 30.9

T109 N 50 35 33 E 025 52 05 UK RIVNE 10.5

T110 N 50 35 33 E 034 57 06 UU BELGOROD 62.6

T114 N 52 20 35 W 005 34 06 EI WATERFORD 56.6

T115 N 52 20 35 E 003 52 16 EH VALKENBURG NAVY 22.8

T116 N 52 20 35 E 013 18 40 ED SCHONEFELD 8

T117 N 52 20 35 E 022 45 05 UM BREST 44.5

T118 N 52 20 35 E 032 11 29 UM GOMEL 44.4

T121 N 53 54 32 W 010 06 50 EI CONNAUGHT 45.9

T122 N 53 54 32 W 000 19 22 EG HUMBERSIDE 20.1

T123 N 53 54 32 E 009 28 05 ED HAMBURG 24.9

T124 N 53 54 32 E 019 15 34 EP REBIECHOWO 39.7

T125 N 53 54 32 E 029 03 02 UM MINSK-2 36.1

T130 N 55 40 15 W 004 46 48 EG PRESTWICK 11.8

T131 N 55 40 15 E 005 26 52 EK STAUNING 100

T132 N 55 40 14 E 015 40 36 ES RONNEBY AB 38.4



Page: 5-4


T133 N 55 40 14 E 025 54 17 EY VILNIUS INTL 65.6

T134 N 55 40 14 E 036 08 00 UU VNUKOVO 39

T137 N 57 13 22 W 009 40 53 EG BENBECULA 76.8

T138 N 57 13 22 E 000 58 28 EG DYCE 103.3

T139 N 57 13 22 E 011 37 51 ES LANDVETTER 33.9

T140 N 57 13 22 E 022 17 14 EV LIEPAJA INTL 57.7

T141 N 57 13 22 E 032 56 37 UU MIGALOVO 95.2

T146 N 58 59 53 W 003 48 23 EG KIRKWALL 28

T147 N 58 59 53 E 007 23 43 EN KJEVIK 52.4

T148 N 58 59 53 E 018 35 50 ES BERGA 15.5

T149 N 58 59 53 E 029 47 58 UL PULKOVO 50.3

T153 N 60 32 03 W 009 08 38 EK VAGAR 106.5

T154 N 60 32 03 E 002 35 14 EN FLESLAND 79.4

T155 N 60 32 03 E 014 19 08 ES SILJAN 26.1

T156 N 60 32 03 E 026 03 02 EF UTTI AB 34

T161 N 62 19 30 W 015 00 31 BI HORNAFJORDUR 118.6

T162 N 62 19 30 W 002 34 51 EG SCATSTA 119.6

T163 N 62 19 30 E 009 50 45 EN FAGERHAUG 19.6

T164 N 62 19 30 E 022 16 25 EF SEINAJOKI 27

T165 N 62 19 30 E 034 42 04 UL BESOVETS 30.6

T169 N 63 50 32 W 008 27 41 EK VAGAR 111.7

T170 N 63 50 32 E 004 38 01 EN VIGRA 86.8

T171 N 63 50 32 E 017 43 48 ES ORNSKOLDSVIK 42.6

T172 N 63 50 32 E 030 49 34 EF JOENSUU 78.2

T177 N 65 39 09 W 015 00 31 BI VOPNAFJORDUR 5.7

T179 N 65 39 09 E 013 00 25 EN KJAERSTAD 9.4

T180 N 65 39 09 E 027 00 54 EF KUUSAMO 58.2

T187 N 67 08 41 E 022 10 26 ES PAJALA 21.7

T195 N 68 58 48 E 017 13 03 EN BARDUFOSS AB 28.8

T196 N 68 58 48 E 033 19 51 UL MURMANSK 17.4

T203 N 70 26 23 E 028 10 11 EN BERLEVAG 31.1

T211 N 72 18 26 E 023 04 35 EN HASVIK 110.9

Table 5-1: Investigated B-AMC Cells in Europe (cell radius = 120 nm)



Page: 5-5

Figure 5-1: Investigated B-AMC Cell Layout throughout Europe (120 nm cell radius)

After completion of B-AMC Frequency Planning steps 1 to step 6, described in chapter 4.1 above for a total of 224 B-AMC cells over Europe and surrounding areas, the initial results have been obtained.

As an example, Table 5-2 captures the results for the cell T058 "Madrid". The content of the columns in this table is briefly explained as follows:

• Cell ID: This column indicates the unique identifier of the investigated B-AMC cell (e.g. T058)

• Rank Co-incidence: This is a measure for the homogeneity of the specified B-AMC frequency within the cell range (lower values (e.g. 1) indicate low homogeneity, while higher values (e.g. 6) indicate better homogeneity)

• Rank: Ranking of the corresponding B-AMC frequency indicated in the next column

• B-AMC Freq.: This column indicates the candidate B-AMC inlay frequency under investigation; a green colour indicates that the kick-out criteria (KO) (shown in last column) was passed, while a red colour indicates that the kick-out criteria applies and the frequency shall not be used.



Page: 5-6

• -0.5 MHz (dBW), Weighted av.(dBW), +0.5 MHz (dBW): these values are used to check/apply the Kick-Out-criteria from DME towards B-AMC as indicated in the last column (KO)

• -0.5 MHz (ppps) and +0.5 MHz (ppps): these values indicate the duty cycle in the adjacent DME channels and are also used to check/apply the Kick-Out-criteria from DME towards B-AMC as indicated in the last column (KO)

• KO: Application of the kick-out criteria: "+"… passed (OK) and "-" … Kick-out applies (channel not available).

Cell ID Rank Co-Inc. Rank

B-AMC Freq.

-0.5 MHz: (dBW)

Weighted av. (dBW)

+0.5 MHz (dBW)

-0.5MHz (ppps)

+0.5MHz(ppps) KO

T058 1 1 1008.5 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A +

2 999.5 -110.8 -85.6 N/A 24300 0 -

3 1002.5 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A +

4 992.5 -190 -91.1 -116.3 0 18900 +

5 998.5 -103 -77.4 -117.1 3600 16200 -

6 1001.5 -110.4 -85.2 N/A 18900 0 +

7 1000.5 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A +

8 1006.5 -109 -80.3 -111.1 3600 16200 -

9 987.5 -106.1 -74.8 -103 8100 3600 +

10 993.5 -114 -76.7 -102.5 21600 3600 -

11 997.5 -113.5 -77.1 -103 18900 3600 -

12 996.5 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A +

13 1007.5 -109.7 -84.5 N/A 16200 0 +

14 989.5 -108.1 -82.9 N/A 10800 0 +

15 988.5 -103 -77.0 -112.9 3600 13500 -

16 991.5 -109.2 -84.0 -190 18900 0 +

17 990.5 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A +

18 1003.5 -118.6 -74.2 -99.5 5400 3600 +

19 986.5 -97.5 -72.2 -120.2 3600 5400 +

20 1005.5 -103.5 -78.3 -141.5 2700 0 +

Table 5-2: Results of DME Interference towards B-AMC for cell T058 "Madrid"

Finally by carrying out all B-AMC frequency planning steps (Interference investigations of DME towards B-AMC), described in chapter 4.1, it would be possible to assign a B-AMC inlay frequency to each of the B-AMC cells in Europe as shown in Figure 5-2 below):



Page: 5-7

Figure 5-2: Intermediate B-AMC Frequency Planning Results12 after evaluation of DME Interference towards airborne B-AMC victim receiver

12 Colour coding: YELLOW: 1 candidate frequency remained for that cell; BLUE: 2 candidate frequencies remained for that cell; GREEN: more than 2 candidate frequencies remained for that cell.

T066

1008.5

T099

T085 T084

T083

T077 T076 T075 T074

T070 T069 T068

T067

T061 T060 T059 T058

T122

T109 T108 T107 T106

T101 T100

T093 T092 T090

T086

T125 T124 T123

T117 T116 T115

T131

1008.5 987.5

986.5

1007.5 989.5 1006.5 996.5

994.5

993.5 1005.5

991.5 1001.5 1004.5

1001.5

1008.5

1002.5

1003.5 992.5 1005.5 1007.5

987.5 997.5

986.5 996.5

1004.5

1005.5

991.5

1003.5 988.5 995.5

993.5

985.5

T091

990.5

998.5

1007.5



Page: 5-8

5.2.2. Interference of B-AMC Ground Station towards airborne DME

After carrying out investigations of DME interference towards airborne B-AMC victim receiver, in this scenario the other direction concerning interference from a B-AMC ground station (GS) towards an airborne DME victim receiver (as detailed outline in sub-chapter 3.3 above) has been evaluated in detail for whole Europe (see Figure 5-1 and Table 5-1 above).

After completion of B-AMC frequency planning step 1 to step 9, described in sub-chapter 3.3 above, and taking into account the results of the inference investigations for the direction DME towards B-AMC, the following results have been obtained (as an example see results for cell T058 "Madrid" in Table 5-3 below):

The content of the columns in this table is briefly explained as follows:

• Cell ID: This column indicates the unique identifier of the investigated B-AMC cell (e.g. T058)

• Candidate Frequencies: This column indicates available candidate B-AMC inlay frequency:

o a green colour indicates that all Prd values were at least equal or below the most stringent Pi threshold of -106.6 dBm;

o a yellow colour indicates that all Prd values were at least equal or below a Pi threshold of -100.6 dBm;

o an orange colour indicates that all Prd values were at least equal or below a Pi threshold of -94.6 dBm;

o while a red colour indicates that at least one Prd value was above the Pi threshold of -94.6 dBm.

• Rank: Indicates the rank of the candidate B-AMC inlay frequency: lower rank means better suitable frequency;

• B-AMC to DME result: This column indicates the result of the B-AMC towards DME investigation for the corresponding B-AMC inlay frequency; colour coding see above;

• For offsets -2.5 MHz, -1.5 MHZ, -0.5 MHz, +0.5 MHz, +1.5 MHz and +2.5 MHz with regard to the candidate B-AMC inlay frequency, the following results of the investigation are indicated:

o Distance to victim DME receiver in nm (at worst case position and altitude with regard to B-AMC Ground station)

o Received interference power Prd at victim DME receiver after applying frequency offset attenuation (= -0.93 dB @ ±0.5 MHz offset; -45.88 dB @ ±1.5 MHz offset; -68.36 dB @ ±2.5 MHz offset)

• The last three columns contain the results of the investigation of the frequency offset attenuation with regard to the Pi thresholds of -106.6 dBm (= -136.6 dBW), -100.6 dBm (= -130.6 dBW) and -94.6 dBm (= -124.6 dBW): If all Prd values are below the corresponding Pi threshold, then the entry is marked "OK", otherwise the difference in dB with regard to the target Pi threshold is indicated.



Page: 5-9

B-AMC Offset -2.5 MHz Offset -1.5 MHz Offset -0.5 MHz Offset +0.5 MHz Offset +1.5 MHz

Offset +2.5 MHz Pi Threshold - Kick out

Cell ID Candidate Frequencies Rank

to DME result13

Victim Dist.

Prd (dBW)

Victim Dist.

Prd (dBW)

Victim Dist.

Prd (dBW)

Victim Dist.

Prd (dBW)

Victim Dist.

Prd (dBW)

Victim Dist.

Prd (dBW)

-136.6 dBW

-130.6 dBW

-124.6 dBW

T058 1008.5 1 1008.5 168.6 -197 0 -138.3 424.2 -332.4 195.3 -243.3 509.6 -681.4 205.4 -326.8 OK OK OK

999.5 2 999.5 0 -160.7 75.9 -166.4 133.7 -145.7 634.5 -834.4 0 -138.2 440.8 -427 OK OK OK

1002.5 3 1002.5 634.5 -901.8 0 -138.2 440.8 -359.5 117.1 -127.9 29.7 -166.1 0 -160.7 8.7 2.7 OK

992.5 4 992.5 472.3 -643.2 0 -138.1 370.9 -414.3 59.7 -121.3 186.5 -175.7 0 -160.7 15.3 9.3 3.3

998.5 5 998.5 556.4 -651.8 0 -138.2 75.9 -121.4 133.7 -145.7 634.5 -879.4 0 -160.7 15.2 9.2 3.2

1001.5 6 1001.5 133.7 -213.1 634.5 -879.4 0 -93.3 440.8 -359.5 117.1 -172.8 29.7 -188.6 43.3 37.3 31.3

1000.5 7 1000.5 75.9 -188.9 133.7 -190.6 634.5 -834.4 0 -93.3 440.8 -404.5 117.1 -195.3 43.3 37.3 31.3

1006.5 8 1006.5 29.7 -188.6 0 -138.3 168.6 -129.6 0 -93.3 424.2 -377.3 195.3 -310.8 43.3 37.3 31.3

987.5 9 987.5 40.9 -187.4 0 -138.1 117.1 -127.7 207.3 -262.4 0 -138.1 472.3 -643.2 8.9 2.9 OK

993.5 10 993.5 0 -160.6 370.9 -459.2 59.7 -121.3 186.5 -130.7 0 -138.2 556.4 -651.8 15.3 9.3 3.3

997.5 11 997.5 0 -160.7 556.4 -629.3 0 -93.2 75.9 -121.4 133.7 -190.6 634.5 -901.8 43.4 37.4 31.4

996.5 12 996.5 186.5 -198.2 0 -138.2 556.4 -584.4 0 -93.2 75.9 -166.4 133.7 -213.1 43.4 37.4 31.4

1007.5 13 1007.5 0 -160.7 168.6 -174.5 0 -93.3 424.2 -332.4 195.3 -288.3 509.6 -703.8 43.3 37.3 31.3

989.5 14 989.5 117.1 -195.2 207.3 -307.3 0 -93.2 472.3 -575.7 0 -138.1 370.9 -481.7 43.4 37.4 31.4

988.5 15 988.5 0 -160.6 117.1 -172.7 207.3 -262.4 0 -93.2 472.3 -620.7 0 -160.6 43.4 37.4 31.4

991.5 16 991.5 0 -160.6 472.3 -620.7 0 -93.2 370.9 -414.3 59.7 -166.3 186.5 -198.2 43.4 37.4 31.4

990.5 17 990.5 207.3 -329.8 0 -138.1 472.3 -575.7 0 -93.2 370.9 -459.2 59.7 -188.8 43.4 37.4 31.4

13 Colour Coding: For each DME Offset Frequencies (-2.5, -1.5, -0.5, +0.5, +1.5, +2.5 MHz) the following applies:

GREEN: all Prd values are below the most stringent Pi Threshold of -106.6 dBm (= -136.6 dBW); YELLOW: at least one Prd value is above the most stringent Pi threshold of -106.6 dBm, but below -100.6 dBm; ORANGE: at least one Prd value is above the Pi threshold of -100.6 dBm, but below -94.6 dBm (= -124.6 dBW); RED: at least one Prd value is above the Pi threshold of -94.6 dBm (= -124.6 dBW).



Page: 5-10

1003.5 18 1003.5 0 -160.7 440.8 -404.5 117.1 -127.9 29.7 -121.2 0 -138.3 168.6 -197 15.4 9.4 3.4

986.5 19 986.5 571.2 -801.1 40.9 -164.9 0 -93.2 117.1 -127.7 207.3 -307.3 0 -160.6 43.4 37.4 31.4

1005.5 20 1005.5 117.1 -195.3 29.7 -166.1 0 -93.3 168.6 -129.6 0 -138.3 424.2 -399.8 43.3 37.3 31.3

Table 5-3: Example of the evaluation of the B-AMC "Inlay" concept for a B-AMC cell of 120 nm radius



Page: 5-11

For the B-AMC cell T058 "Madrid" used as an example, the DME situation (adjacent DME channels with -2.5, -1.5, -0.5, +0.5 MHz offset) with regard to the assigned rank 1 B-AMC frequency 1008.5 MHz is shown graphically in Figure 5-3 to Figure 5-6 below.

Figure 5-3: DME Stations at 1006 MHz (-2.5 MHz offset) Reply Frequency around B-AMC GS Station T058



Page: 5-12




Page: 5-13




Page: 5-14

Figure 5-6: DME Stations at 1009 MHz (+0.5 MHz offset) Reply Frequency around B-AMC GS Station T058

Finally by carrying out B-AMC frequency planning step 1 to step 9, described in sub-chapter 3.3 above and taking into account the results of the inference investigations for the direction DME towards B-AMC, the following results in the preliminary assignment of a B-AMC inlay frequency to the B-AMC cells (all having a cell radius of 120 nm) have been obtained:



Page: 5-15

B-AMC Cell ID Closest Aerodrome B-AMC Frequency

T001 GC GRAN CANARIA 985.5

T017 LP PORTO SANTO 990.5

T021 DT ZARZIS 987.5

T028 DT ZARZIS 1007.5

T030 LG IOANNIS DASKALOGIANNIS 999.5

T034 LP FARO 1007.5

T035 DA ES SENIA 986.5

T037 LI LAMPEDUSA 1006.5

T038 LG KALAMATA AB 993.5

T039 LG KARPATHOS 990.5

T042 LE GRANADA 987.5

T043 DA HOUARI BOUMEDIENE 985.5

T044 DT CARTHAGE 1004.5

T045 LI REGGIO CALABRIA 988.5

T046 LG SYROS NOT assigned

T050 LE TALAVERA LA REAL 1005.5

T051 LE MANISES 1003.5

T052 LI DECIMOMANNU MIL 996.5

T053 LI TERME 989.5

T054 LG ALMIROS AB NOT assigned

T055 LT ADNAN MENDERES 998.5

T057 LP MONTE REAL AB 992.5

T058 LE BARAJAS 1008.5

T059 LE MENORCA 1005.5

T060 LI PRATICA DI MARE MIL 1001.5

T061 LA RINAS 1005.5

T062 LG DIMOKRITOS 1006.5

T066 LE SANTIAGO 1002.5

T067 LF LOURDES-PYRENEES NOT assigned

T068 LF ST CATHERINE NOT assigned

T069 LI AMENDOLA MIL 1002.5

T070 LB SOFIA 994.5

T074 LE BILBAO 996.5

T075 LF CAUMONT 1006.5



Page: 5-16


T076 LI RIMINI MIL NOT assigned

T077 LY NIS 1007.5

T078 LR M. KOGALNICEANU 985.5

T079 UR VITYAZEVO 986.5

T083 LF BELLEGARDE 994.5

T084 LI ORIO AL SERIO NOT assigned

T085 LD CEPIN 1000.5

T086 LR BACAU 990.5

T087 UK SIMFEROPOL' 1007.5

T090 LF MONTOIR 995.5

T091 LF LA VEZE NOT assigned

T092 LO ZELTWEG AB 987.5

T093 LR TAUTII MAGHERAUS 1003.5

T094 UK MYKOLAIV 999.5

T098 LF GUIPAVAS 990.5

T099 LF CHARLES-DE-GAULLE NOT assigned

T100 ET MANCHING AB 991.5

T101 LZ TATRY 1008.5

T102 UK VINNITSA 998.5

T103 UK DONETS'K 989.5

T105 EI FARRANFORE 1004.5

T106 EG BOURNEMOUTH NOT assigned

T107 ED SIEGERLAND NOT assigned

T108 EP STRACHOWICE 996.5

T109 UK RIVNE 1006.5

T110 UU BELGOROD 993.5

T114 EI WATERFORD 997.5

T115 EH VALKENBURG NAVY NOT assigned

T116 ED SCHONEFELD 1007.5

T117 UM BREST 986.5

T118 UM GOMEL 997.5

T121 EI CONNAUGHT 991.5

T122 EG HUMBERSIDE 1003.5

T123 ED HAMBURG 985.5



Page: 5-17


T124 EP REBIECHOWO 1004.5

T125 UM MINSK-2 1007.5

T130 EG PRESTWICK 994.5

T131 EK STAUNING 992.5

T132 ES RONNEBY AB 1005.5

T133 EY VILNIUS INTL 987.5

T134 UU VNUKOVO 996.5

T137 EG BENBECULA 1008.5

T138 EG DYCE 986.5

T139 ES LANDVETTER 988.5

T140 EV LIEPAJA INTL 1003.5

T141 UU MIGALOVO 1000.5

T146 EG KIRKWALL 985.5

T147 EN KJEVIK 987.5

T148 ES BERGA 997.5

T149 UL PULKOVO 990.5

T153 EK VAGAR 993.5

T154 EN FLESLAND 1002.5

T155 ES SILJAN 991.5

T156 EF UTTI AB 1008.5

T161 BI HORNAFJORDUR 990.5

T162 EG SCATSTA 999.5

T163 EN FAGERHAUG 1006.5

T164 EF SEINAJOKI 986.5

T165 UL BESOVETS 991.5

T169 EK VAGAR 987.5

T170 EN VIGRA 1000.5

T171 ES ORNSKOLDSVIK 989.5

T172 EF JOENSUU 1005.5

T177 BI VOPNAFJORDUR 986.5

T179 EN KJAERSTAD 990.5

T180 EF KUUSAMO 988.5

T187 ES PAJALA 992.5

T195 EN BARDUFOSS AB 985.5



Page: 5-18


T196 UL MURMANSK 1002.5

T203 EN BERLEVAG 987.5

T211 EN HASVIK 986.5

Table 5-4: Preliminary Assignment of B-AMC Inlay Frequencies for B-AMC Cells in Europe

The preliminary B-AMC frequency assignment results presented in Table 5-4 above is shown graphically in Figure 5-7. All B-AMC cells with B-AMC frequency assignment are marked in GREEN and the assigned B-AMC frequency appears in each cell (in GREEN) below the indication of the B-AMC cell identifier.



Page: 5-19

Figure 5-7: Preliminary B-AMC Frequency Assignment taking both interference directions from/to existing DME system and B-AMC system into account



Page: 5-20

5.2.3. Conclusions from the Initial B-AMC Planning Exercise

As expected, considering additionally the interference from the B-AMC GS towards airborne DME receivers has imposed further restrictions upon the pool of available B-AMC frequencies. In the consequence, for some B-AMC cells a B-AMC inlay frequency could not be found ("NOT assigned" in Table 5-4, marked “N/A” in Figure 5-7)

In order to resolve the problem, the following refinements have been discussed:

• Investigation of possible extension of the B-AMC frequency range beyond 985.5 MHz – 1008.5 MHz to 979.5 MHz – 1018.5 MHz;

• Reduction of B-AMC cell radius for some B-AMC cells (e.g. radius = 60 nm)

• Placement of B-AMC ENR ground stations in sufficient distance from airports, etc. (fine adjustment of B-AMC ground stations)


The set of scenarios for several combinations of proposed improvements has been developed and investigated, with the results included in the section 5.2.3.



Page: 5-21

5.3. Investigation of Refinement Solutions

5.3.1. Extension to B-AMC Frequency Range: 979.5 MHz to 1018.5 MHz

In the previous B-AMC work, two 24 MHz sub-bands have been proposed for the B-AMC channels, respectively:

• 985-1009 MHz (FL)

• 1048-1072 MHz (RL)

Such preliminary allocation has been primarily guided by the estimated effort for the realisation of the airborne frequency duplexer. While the feasibility of the duplexer is an important task for the future work, it has been recognised that limiting the FL/RL ranges to 24 MHz may have been too restrictive in the sense that it significantly reduces the number of potentially available B-AMC inlay/overlay channels.

While recognising that in the future a trade-off will be necessary between the FL/RL bandwidth and the duplexer solution, for the purpose of the frequency planning exercise in this report the B-AMC candidate frequencies for the Forward Link14 are considered to be extended to the following range: from 979.5 MHz up to 1018.5 MHz (40 possible B-AMC candidate inlay frequencies with 1 MHz spacing in between).

This should increase the number of B-AMC candidate frequencies available for assignment after application of the Kick-Out criteria in both directions:

• From DME ground stations towards airborne B-AMC victim receiver

• From B-AMC ground stations towards airborne DME victim receiver

This extended B-AMC frequency range (40 MHz, instead of 24 MHz) is assumed and used in all further investigations of this sub-chapter.

5.3.2. Reduction of B-AMC Cell Radius for some Cells to 60 nm

In order to be able to pass the Kick-Out criteria especially with regard to the most stringent interference threshold from the B-AMC ground stations towards airborne DME stations, the transmit power of some B-AMC ground stations has to be reduced from 38 dBm by 6 dB to 32 dBm corresponding to a B-AMC cell radius of around 60 nautical miles (nm).

Based on the results obtained in sub-chapter 5.2 above, B-AMC cell sizes of 60 nm have been assumed in all areas in Europe where larger cell sizes of 120 nm proved to be not feasible. This is illustrated in Figure 5-8 below.

14 The B-AMC frequency assignment for the Reverse Link (RL) would be extended correspondingly with a 63 MHz offset, ranging from 1042.5 MHz up to 1081.5 MHz.



Page: 5-22

Figure 5-8: Possible B-AMC Cell Structure as combination of large B-AMC cells with radius 120 nm (green) and smaller cells with radius 60 nm (grey)

For further investigations the following B-AMC cells with 120 nm cell radius ("T-Cells") and smaller cells with 60 nm radius ("S-Cells") have been defined as indicated in Table 5-5 below; the total number of "T-Cells" and "S-Cells" is 200.

Cell ID Latitude Longitude Closest Aerodrome Distance (in nm) to closest aerodrome

T017 N 32 22 46 W 015 00 31 LP PORTO 79.5

T021 N 32 22 45 E 012 17 32 DT ZARZIS 117.9

T028 N 33 59 43 E 009 19 27 DT ZARZIS 72.8

T030 N 33 59 43 E 023 13 46 LG IOANNIS DASKALOGIANNIS 103

T034 N 35 42 25 W 007 54 36 LP FARO 78.6

T035 N 35 42 25 W 000 48 40 DA ES SENIA 10.9

T037 N 35 42 24 E 013 23 10 LI LAMPEDUSA 39.6

T038 N 35 42 24 E 020 29 07 LG KALAMATA AB 110.7



Page: 5-23


T042 N 37 18 59 W 004 08 12 LE GRANADA 18.8

T043 N 37 18 59 E 003 06 39 DA HOUARI BOUMEDIENE 37.7

T044 N 37 18 59 E 010 21 34 DT CARTHAGE 28.7

T045 N 37 18 59 E 017 36 28 LI REGGIO CALABRIA 103.4

T050 N 39 02 02 W 007 35 15 LE TALAVERA LA REA 36.8

T051 N 39 02 02 W 000 09 58 LE MANISES 31

T052 N 39 02 02 E 007 15 18 LI DECIMOMANNU MIL 82.2

T057 N 40 38 13 W 011 12 39 LP MONTE REAL AB 117.2

T058 N 40 38 13 W 003 36 50 LE BARAJAS 10.2

T060 N 40 38 13 E 011 34 45 LI PRATICA DI MARE MIL 72.9

T066 N 42 21 40 W 007 12 23 LE SANTIAGO 62.4

T077 N 43 57 23 E 021 01 50 LY NIS 51.6

T086 N 45 41 19 E 026 15 34 LR BACAU 57

T093 N 47 16 30 E 023 14 00 LR TAUTII MAGHERAUS 24.9

T102 N 49 00 57 E 028 57 08 UK VINNITSA 19

T109 N 50 35 33 E 025 52 05 UK RIVNE 10.5

T117 N 52 20 35 E 022 45 05 UM BREST 44.5

T118 N 52 20 35 E 032 11 29 UM GOMEL 44.4

T121 N 53 54 32 W 010 06 50 EI CONNAUGHT 45.9

T124 N 53 54 32 E 019 15 34 EP REBIECHOWO 39.7

T125 N 53 54 32 E 029 03 02 UM MINSK-2 36.1

T130 N 55 40 15 W 004 46 48 EG PRESTWICK 11.8

T131 N 55 40 15 E 005 26 52 EK STAUNING 100

T132 N 55 40 14 E 015 40 36 ES RONNEBY AB 38.4

T133 N 55 40 14 E 025 54 17 EY VILNIUS INTL 65.6

T134 N 55 40 14 E 036 08 00 UU VNUKOVO 39

T137 N 57 13 22 W 009 40 53 EG BENBECULA 76.8

T138 N 57 13 22 E 000 58 28 EG DYCE 103.3

T140 N 57 13 22 E 022 17 14 EV LIEPAJA INTL 57.7

T141 N 57 13 22 E 032 56 37 UU MIGALOVO 95.2

T146 N 58 59 53 W 003 48 23 EG KIRKWALL 28

T147 N 58 59 53 E 007 23 43 EN KJEVIK 52.4

T148 N 58 59 53 E 018 35 50 ES BERGA 15.5

T149 N 58 59 53 E 029 47 58 UL PULKOVO 50.3



Page: 5-24


T153 N 60 32 03 W 009 08 38 EK VAGAR 106.5

T154 N 60 32 03 E 002 35 14 EN FLESLAND 79.4

T155 N 60 32 03 E 014 19 08 ES SILJAN 26.1

T156 N 60 32 03 E 026 03 02 EF UTTI AB 34

T161 N 62 19 30 W 015 00 31 BI HORNAFJORDUR 118.6

T162 N 62 19 30 W 002 34 51 EG SCATSTA 119.6

T163 N 62 19 30 E 009 50 45 EN FAGERHAUG 19.6

T164 N 62 19 30 E 022 16 25 EF SEINAJOKI 27

T165 N 62 19 30 E 034 42 04 UL BESOVETS 30.6

T169 N 63 50 32 W 008 27 41 EK VAGAR 111.7

T170 N 63 50 32 E 004 38 01 EN VIGRA 86.8

T171 N 63 50 32 E 017 43 48 ES ORNSKOLDSVIK 42.6

T172 N 63 50 32 E 030 49 34 EF JOENSUU 78.2

T177 N 65 39 09 W 015 00 31 BI VOPNAFJORDUR 5.7

T179 N 65 39 09 E 013 00 25 EN KJAERSTAD 9.4

T180 N 65 39 09 E 027 00 54 EF KUUSAMO 58.2

T187 N 67 08 41 E 022 10 26 ES PAJALA 21.7

S030 N 35 42 24 E 024 17 51 LG IOANNIS DASKALOGIANNIS 12.7

S039 N 36 31 30 E 022 50 22 LG KITHIRA 16.7

S040 N 36 31 30 E 026 25 31 LG IPPOKRATIS 36

S047 N 37 22 12 E 014 06 52 LI SIGONELLA MIL 38.7

S049 N 37 22 12 E 021 22 00 LG DIONYSIOS SOLOMOS 32.4

S050 N 37 22 12 E 024 59 34 LG SYROS 3.8

S056 N 38 11 17 E 012 31 24 LI BIRGI MIL 16.6

S057 N 38 11 17 E 016 11 22 LI REGGIO CALABRIA 26.3

S058 N 38 11 17 E 019 51 21 LG KEFALLINIA 30.8

S059 N 38 11 17 E 023 31 20 LG ELEFSIS AB 7.3

S060 N 38 11 17 E 027 11 19 LT ADNAN MENDERES 6.3

S064 N 39 02 02 E 003 29 15 LE PALMA DE MALLORCA 46.7

S067 N 39 02 02 E 014 37 03 LI TERME 76.3

S068 N 39 02 01 E 018 19 39 LI CROTONE 58.3

S069 N 39 02 01 E 022 02 15 LG ALMIROS AB 37.1

S070 N 39 02 01 E 025 44 50 LG ODYSSEAS ELYTIS 39.8

S073 N 39 51 03 E 001 44 31 LE PALMA DE MALLORCA 49.5



Page: 5-25


S074 N 39 51 03 E 005 29 44 LE MENORCA 58.9

S076 N 39 51 02 E 013 00 11 LI CAPODICHINO 85.7

S077 N 39 51 02 E 016 45 25 LI GROTTAGLIE 49.8

S078 N 39 51 02 E 020 30 39 LG IOANNINA 17.1

S079 N 39 51 02 E 024 15 51 LG LIMNOS 45

S080 N 39 51 02 E 028 01 06 LG ODYSSEAS ELYTIS 81.2

S083 N 40 41 52 W 000 02 23 LE REUS 61.1

S084 N 40 41 52 E 003 45 39 LE MENORCA 54.4

S085 N 40 41 52 E 007 33 44 LI FERTILIA 33.4

S087 N 40 41 52 E 015 09 50 LI CAPODICHINO 41.3

S088 N 40 41 51 E 018 57 55 LI CASALE MIL 46.4

S089 N 40 41 51 E 022 45 58 LG MAKEDONIA 14.2

S090 N 40 41 51 E 026 34 02 LG DIMOKRITOS 29.4

S092 N 41 30 49 W 001 52 08 LE ZARAGOZA 38.3

S093 N 41 30 49 E 001 58 45 LE EL PRAT 13.8

S094 N 41 30 49 E 005 49 41 LF LE PALYVESTRE NAVY 96.2

S095 N 41 30 49 E 009 40 36 LF FIGARI/SUD CORSE 26.1

S096 N 41 30 49 E 013 31 29 LI LATINA 27.7

S097 N 41 30 49 E 017 22 24 LI PALESE MACCHIE 35.6

S098 N 41 30 49 E 021 13 19 LW OHRID 29.5

S099 N 41 30 49 E 025 04 15 LB PLOVDIV 34.7

S100 N 41 30 49 E 028 55 09 LB BURGAS 89.2

S102 N 42 21 40 W 003 44 30 LE FORONDA 54.8

S103 N 42 21 40 E 000 09 29 LF LOURDES-PYRENEES 50

S104 N 42 21 40 E 004 03 30 LF RIVESALTES 57.4

S105 N 42 21 40 E 007 57 29 LF ST CATHERINE 38.2

S106 N 42 21 40 E 011 51 31 LI FIUMICINO 37.8

S107 N 42 21 40 E 015 45 30 LI AMENDOLA MIL 49.3

S108 N 42 21 40 E 019 39 30 LY PODGORICA 18.1

S109 N 42 21 39 E 023 33 31 LB SOFIA 21.1

S110 N 42 21 39 E 027 27 32 LB BURGAS 12.8

S111 N 43 10 35 W 005 39 57 LE ASTURIAS 28.3

S112 N 43 10 35 W 001 42 51 LE SAN SEBASTIAN 11.3

S113 N 43 10 35 E 002 14 14 LF SALVAZA 3.9



Page: 5-26


S114 N 43 10 35 E 006 11 20 LF LE PALYVESTRE NAVY 5.1

S115 N 43 10 35 E 010 08 26 LI SAN GIUSTO 32.4

S116 N 43 10 35 E 014 05 33 LI FALCONARA MIL 41.5

S117 N 43 10 35 E 018 02 39 LQ MOSTAR 10.8

S118 N 43 10 33 E 021 59 47 LY NIS 11.5

S119 N 43 10 33 E 025 56 52 LB GORNA ORYAHOVITSA 10.4

S120 N 43 10 33 E 029 53 58 LB VARNA 90.9

S122 N 44 01 30 W 003 38 01 LE SANTANDER 36.8

S123 N 44 01 30 E 000 22 26 LF LA GARENNE 13

S124 N 44 01 30 E 004 22 55 LF DEAUX 10.7

S125 N 44 01 30 E 008 23 23 LI ALBENGA 11.5

S126 N 44 01 30 E 012 23 52 LI RIMINI MIL 9.2

S127 N 44 01 30 E 016 24 19 LD KASTELA 29.6

S129 N 44 01 30 E 024 25 16 LR CRAIOVA 29

S132 N 44 50 20 W 001 32 43 LF CAZAUX AB 25.4

S133 N 44 50 20 E 002 31 06 LF AURILLAC 5.6

S134 N 44 50 19 E 006 34 56 LI LEVALDIGI 47.8

S135 N 44 50 19 E 010 38 47 LI PARMA 15

S136 N 44 50 19 E 014 42 39 LD LOSINJ 21.3

S137 N 44 50 19 E 018 46 29 LQ TUZLA 23

S142 N 45 41 20 W 003 30 58 LF MEDIS 106.8

S143 N 45 41 19 E 000 36 31 LF BRIE-CHAMPNIERS 16.5

S144 N 45 41 19 E 004 44 04 LF BRON 8.9

S145 N 45 41 19 E 008 51 36 LI MALPENSA 6.7

S146 N 45 41 19 E 012 59 08 LI RIVOLTO MIL 17.9

S147 N 45 41 19 E 017 06 39 LD BUSEVEC 41.5

S152 N 46 30 06 W 001 21 42 LF LES AJONCS 12.1

S153 N 46 30 06 E 002 49 30 LF MONTBEUGNY 24.8

S154 N 46 30 06 E 007 00 42 LS PAYERNE MIL 20.9

S155 N 46 30 04 E 011 11 54 LI BOLZANO 5.8

S156 N 46 30 04 E 015 23 07 LJ MARIBOR 12.5

S157 N 46 30 04 E 019 34 19 LH KECSKEMET 26.1

S162 N 47 21 08 W 003 23 15 LF LANN-BIHOUE NAVY 24.6

S163 N 47 21 07 E 000 51 56 LF VAL DE LOIRE AB 7.5



Page: 5-27


S164 N 47 21 07 E 005 07 10 LF LONGVIC AB 5.3

S165 N 47 21 07 E 009 22 24 LS ALTENRHEIN 11.1

S166 N 47 21 07 E 013 37 38 LO SALZBURG 36.7

S167 N 47 21 07 E 017 52 51 LH PAPA 15.4

S172 N 48 09 51 W 001 09 37 LF ENTRAMMES 18.6

S173 N 48 09 51 E 003 09 35 LF BRANCHES 23.4

S174 N 48 09 51 E 007 28 50 LF HOUSSEN 5.8

S175 N 48 09 50 E 011 48 05 ET ERDING AB 11.2

S176 N 48 09 50 E 016 07 19 LO LANGENLEBARN MIL 9.4

S177 N 48 09 50 E 020 26 33 LZ KOSICE 43.8

S182 N 49 00 57 W 003 14 50 LF LANNION 18.1

S183 N 49 00 57 E 001 08 47 LF FAUVILLE AB 3

S184 N 49 00 57 E 005 32 27 LF LE ROZELIER 7

S185 N 49 00 57 E 009 56 06 ED HESSENTAL 8.7

S186 N 49 00 57 E 014 19 45 LK CESKE BUDEJOVICE 5.7

S187 N 49 00 57 E 018 43 25 LZ ZILINA 13.8

S192 N 49 49 35 W 000 56 26 LF MAUPERTUS 23.3

S193 N 49 49 34 E 003 31 35 LF EPINOY AB 27.7

S194 N 49 49 34 E 007 59 39 ET WIESBADEN AAF 18.6

S195 N 49 49 34 E 012 27 41 ET GRAFENWOHR AAF 21.6

S196 N 49 49 34 E 016 55 45 LK PREROV 30.4

S197 N 49 49 34 E 021 23 48 EP JASIONKA 29.5

S201 N 50 40 47 W 007 38 29 EI CORK 76.8

S202 N 50 40 47 W 003 05 36 EG EXETER 12.6

S203 N 50 40 47 E 001 27 16 LF PARIS-PLAGE 11.9

S204 N 50 40 47 E 006 00 10 EH MAASTRICHT-AACHEN 16.6

S205 N 50 40 46 E 010 33 04 ED ERFURT 23.8

S206 N 50 40 46 E 015 05 56 LK VODOCHODY 38.7

S207 N 50 40 46 E 019 38 50 EP PYRZOWICE 24.9

S211 N 51 29 20 W 005 19 38 EG SWANSEA 47.6

S212 N 51 29 20 W 000 41 56 EG HEATHROW 8.9

S213 N 51 29 20 E 003 55 46 EH WOENSDRECHT AB 15.6

S214 N 51 29 20 E 008 33 27 ED PADERBORN/LIPPSTADT 7.8

S215 N 51 29 20 E 013 11 10 ET HOLZDORF AB 16.8



Page: 5-28


S216 N 51 29 18 E 017 48 53 EP STRACHOWICE 41.9

S221 N 52 20 35 W 007 38 29 EI WATERFORD 22.5

S222 N 52 20 35 W 002 55 27 EG WOLVERHAMPTON 26.5

S223 N 52 20 35 E 001 47 35 EG NORWICH 27.3

S224 N 52 20 35 E 006 30 37 EH TWENTHE AB 14.5

S225 N 52 20 34 E 011 13 40 ED MAGDEBURG 21.9

S226 N 52 20 34 E 015 56 43 EP BABIMOST 13.4

S231 N 53 09 04 W 005 14 20 EG VALLEY AB 26

S232 N 53 09 04 W 000 25 59 EG WADDINGTON AB 3.4

S233 N 53 09 04 E 004 22 20 EH DE KOOY NAVY 20.1

S234 N 53 09 04 E 009 10 41 ED BREMEN 15.4

S235 N 53 09 04 E 013 59 04 ET NEUBRANDENBURG AB 36.4

S242 N 54 00 24 W 002 44 14 EG WARTON 16.6

S243 N 54 00 24 E 002 09 59 EG COLTISHALL AB 80.7

S244 N 54 00 24 E 007 04 13 ET WITTMUNDHAFEN AB 34.8

S245 N 54 00 24 E 011 58 28 ET ROSTOCK-LAAGE 12

S252 N 54 48 47 W 000 08 22 EG TEESSIDE 48.4

S254 N 54 48 47 E 009 51 50 EK SONDERBORG 9.4

S265 N 55 40 14 E 012 48 04 EK KASTRUP 5.9

S274 N 56 28 30 E 010 37 24 EK AARHUS 10.5

S285 N 57 20 02 E 013 43 08 ES FERINGE 24

S294 N 58 08 13 E 011 28 05 ES SAVE AB 25.2

Table 5-5: Possible B-AMC Cell Structure for Europe ("T-Cells" and "S-Cells")

5.3.3. Fine Adjustment of B-AMC Ground Stations

During the process of initial B-AMC frequency planning (section 5.2) it could be observed, that the most stringent interference scenario from B-AMC towards DME with a Pi threshold of -106.6 dBm (= -136.6 dBW) is violated by less than 1 dB only for several B-AMC candidate frequencies in several B-AMC cells. Considering this as a hard requirement, it would cause the deletion of these channels from the pool of available frequencies. In the practice, this relatively small deviation could probably be compensated by shifting the position of the B-AMC GS away from the concerned DME GS.

Therefore, in the following scenarios it is assumed that all candidate channels where the concerned deviation is less than 1 dB for the most stringent Pi threshold of -106.6 dBm (= -136.6 dBW) could be assumed as “available” (the channels with more than 1 dB deviation remain “unavailable”) for B-AMC channel assignments.



Page: 5-29

5.3.4. B-AMC Overlay Concept Alternative

In all investigations so far (section 5.2), a B-AMC "Inlay" concept has been assumed, in which candidate B-AMC frequencies are placed between the existing DME channels with an offset of ±0.5 MHz to the adjacent DME frequencies.

However, it has been observed that with the current practice of DME frequency assignment the channels have in many cases been allocated in an “alternating” way, where channels of airport DME stations with lower power and shorter coverage are “interleaved” with en-route DME stations with larger transmitting power and coverage. This leads to the typical situation where one DME channel (e.g. at -0.5 MHz offset from the B-AMC channel) “contains” En-route DME GSs, while another one (e.g. at +0.5 MHz offset) contains airport DME GSs with lower transmitting power.

Therefore, it has been decided to investigate the B-AMC "Overlay" concept where B-AMC GS would operate on the DME channel grid (with ±1.0 MHz offset to the adjacent DME frequencies) in a specific scenario and to compare the results with those achieved with the investigated "Inlay" concept.

For the B-AMC "Overlay" concept the following FDR values as shown in Table 5-6 have been applied (please refer to sub-chapter 3.3, sub-chapter 9.4.1 and Table 9-1 for details).

Offset ∆f (MHz) ± 0.0 ± 1.0

FDR (dB) 0.0 - 9.18

Table 5-6: FDR Values for an Airborne DME RX with 0 MHz Offset and ± 1.0 MHz Offset in adjacent DME Channels

5.3.5. Results of Refined B-AMC Planning Approach

Detailed frequency planning requires a significant amount of computation time to take into account all possible frequency assignment combinations in order to finally achieve an optimal frequency assignment, in which all Kick-Out criteria are passed and B-AMC frequency re-use distance requirements are fulfilled. Additionally, different Kick-Out criteria for the B-AMC receiver apply to the overlay case opposite to the inlay case assumed so far.

Due to the limited time to carry out this B-AMC study and the fact that KO criteria for an overlay case were initially not planned – and were therefore not developed in [D3], the refinement scenarios focus just on the interference from the B-AMC system towards the existing DME system.

NOTE: This is probably the most interesting interference scenario for existing DME system users.

Consequently in the results presented below the Kick-out criteria as described in detail in Chapter 3 above concerning the possible interference caused by a B-AMC ground station towards an airborne DME victim receiver at a worst case position closest to the B-AMC ground station have been investigated. This has been done separately for the B-AMC "Inlay" case (sections 5.3.5.1 and 5.3.5.2) as well for the B-AMC "Overlay" case (sections 5.3.5.3 and 5.3.5.4).



Page: 5-30

In all these scenarios extended frequency range for B-AMC FL/RL has been assumed (section 5.3.1). Additionally, smaller 60 nm cells (“S”) have been used (section 5.3.2) where large 120 cells (“T”) could not be deployed. Finally, it has consequently been assumed (section 5.3.3) that the channels with small deviation (1 dB or less) with respect to the tolerable interference threshold (section) can be considered as available for the B-AMC system via fine adjustment of the B-AMC GS location.

The specified "Designed Operational Coverage" (DOC) of the corresponding DME Ground Stations and the channel / frequency assignment of all mobile TACAN stations (also placed on a worst case position) have been taken into account.

Interference and Kick-out criteria in the direction DME Ground Station towards an airborne B-AMC victim receiver as well as the evaluation of B-AMC re-use distances have not been considered due to time constraints in carrying out this B-AMC study.

5.3.5.1. B-AMC "Inlay" Concept: Interference of B-AMC towards DME (with fine adjustment)

An example of the evaluation of the B-AMC "Inlay" concept for a B-AMC cell of 60 nm radius ("S-Cell") is shown in Table 5-7 below.


• B-AMC Cell: This column indicates the unique identifier of the investigated B-AMC cell (e.g. S133)

• KO Result: This column indicates the result of the last three columns in terms of Pi threshold levels with:

o Level 3 … all Prd values are below the threshold of -106.6 dBm (-136.6 dBW)



o Level 0 … at least one of the Prd values is above the threshold of -94.6 dBm

• B-AMC Freq.: This column indicates available candidate B-AMC inlay frequencies:





• Closest Aerodrome: This column indicates – for orientation purposes only - which aerodrome is closest to the B-AMC Ground Station

• Distance: This column indicates the distance (in nm) of the B-AMC Ground Station to the aerodrome

• Rank: Indicates the rank of the candidate B-AMC inlay frequency: lower rank means better suitable frequency;

• Cell Freq.: This column indicates the investigated B-AMC inlay frequency



Page: 5-31

• For Offsets of -0.5 MHz and +0.5 MHz with regard to the candidate B-AMC inlay frequency, the following results of the investigation are indicated:

o Distance to victim DME receiver in nm (at worst case position and altitude with regard to B-AMC Ground station)

o Received interference power Prd at Victim DME receiver after applying frequency offset attenuation (= -0.93 dB @ ±0.5 MHz offset; -45.88 dB @ ±1.5 MHz offset; -68.36 dB @ ±2.5 MHz offset)

The last three columns contain the results of the investigation of the frequency offset attenuation with regard to the Pi thresholds of -106.6 dBm (= -136.6 dBW), -100.6 dBm (= -130.6 dBW) and -94.6 dBm (= -124.6 dBW): If all Prd values are below the corresponding Pi threshold, then the entry is marked "OK", otherwise the difference in dB with regard to the target Pi threshold is indicated.



Page: 5-32

B-AMC Cell

KO Result

B-AMC Freq.

Closest Aerodrome

Distance (nm) Rank Cell Freq.

Victim Dist.(nm)

Prd@ -0.5MHz (dBW)

Victim Dist. (nm)

Prd@ +0.5MHz (dBW)

Th. -136.6 dBW

Th. -130.6 dBW

Th. -124.6 dBW

S133 3 996.5 LF AURILLAC 5.2 1 996.5 358.3 -399.5 129.5 -145.2 OK OK OK

2 1012.5 2 1012.5 246 -385.5 96.7 -132.1 4.5 OK OK

3 997.5 3 997.5 129.5 -145.2 214.8 -138 OK OK OK

1 1007.5 4 1007.5 51.2 -125.6 299 -415.7 11 5 OK

0 986.5 5 986.5 49.7 -124.3 63.3 -127.7 12.3 6.3 0.3

1 1011.5 6 1011.5 63.3 -127.9 246 -385.5 8.7 2.7 OK

1 999.5 7 999.5 58.4 -127.1 265 -250.8 9.5 3.5 OK

1 1010.5 8 1010.5 194.1 -138.3 63.3 -127.9 8.7 2.7 OK

0 1000.5 9 1000.5 265 -250.8 0 -99.3 37.3 31.3 25.3

1 998.5 10 998.5 214.8 -138 58.4 -127.1 9.5 3.5 OK

0 982.5 11 982.5 217.8 -175.7 30.1 -120.2 16.4 10.4 4.4

0 1009.5 12 1009.5 37.7 -122.9 194.1 -138.3 13.7 7.7 1.7

0 983.5 13 983.5 30.1 -120.2 200 -146.9 16.4 10.4 4.4

1 990.5 14 990.5 171.8 -136.9 62.4 -127.6 9 3 OK

1 1005.5 15 1005.5 63.3 -127.9 67.1 -126.7 9.9 3.9 OK

1 1006.5 16 1006.5 67.1 -126.7 51.2 -125.6 11 5 OK

0 1008.5 17 1008.5 299 -415.7 37.7 -122.9 13.7 7.7 1.7

2 979.5 18 979.5 99.2 -132 177.9 -221.9 4.6 OK OK

0 993.5 19 993.5 23.4 -117.3 309.1 -195.6 19.3 13.3 7.3

0 989.5 20 989.5 33.1 -121.1 171.8 -136.9 15.5 9.5 3.5

2 1002.5 21 1002.5 125.2 -131.9 91.9 -131.5 5.1 OK OK

2 994.5 22 994.5 309.1 -195.6 129.6 -133.8 2.8 OK OK

2 995.5 23 995.5 129.6 -133.8 358.3 -399.5 2.8 OK OK



Page: 5-33

B-AMC Cell

KO Result

B-AMC Freq.

Closest Aerodrome

Distance (nm) Rank Cell Freq.

Victim Dist.(nm)

Prd@ -0.5MHz (dBW)

Victim Dist. (nm)

Prd@ +0.5MHz (dBW)

Th. -136.6 dBW

Th. -130.6 dBW

Th. -124.6 dBW

0 981.5 24 981.5 0.5 -119.1 217.8 -175.7 17.5 11.5 5.5

0 1017.5 25 1017.5 22.9 -117.5 140.6 -134.1 19.1 13.1 7.1

0 1001.5 26 1001.5 0 -99.3 125.2 -131.9 37.3 31.3 25.3

2 1018.5 27 1018.5 140.6 -134.1 165.6 -135.5 2.5 OK OK

0 985.5 28 985.5 0 -99.1 49.7 -124.3 37.5 31.5 25.5

0 980.5 29 980.5 177.9 -221.9 0.5 -119.1 17.5 11.5 5.5

0 984.5 30 984.5 200 -146.9 0 -99.1 37.5 31.5 25.5

0 1003.5 31 1003.5 91.9 -131.5 0 -99.3 37.3 31.3 25.3

0 1004.5 32 1004.5 0 -99.3 63.3 -127.9 37.3 31.3 25.3

0 987.5 33 987.5 63.3 -127.7 36.4 -120.6 16 10 4

0 991.5 34 991.5 62.4 -127.6 49.3 -123.7 12.9 6.9 0.9

0 988.5 35 988.5 36.4 -120.6 33.1 -121.1 16 10 4

0 992.5 36 992.5 49.3 -123.7 23.4 -117.3 19.3 13.3 7.3

0 1013.5 37 1013.5 96.7 -132.1 4.7 -111.7 24.9 18.9 12.9

0 1014.5 38 1014.5 4.7 -111.7 129.6 -134 24.9 18.9 12.9

Table 5-7: Example of the evaluation of the B-AMC "Inlay" concept for a B-AMC cell of 60 nm radius ("S-Cell")



Page: 5-34

5.3.5.2. Overall B-AMC "Inlay" Results for Europe

The results of the B-AMC "Overlay" Concept , evaluating in detail the interference from B-AMC ground stations towards airborne DME station are shown in Table 5-8, Table 5-9 and in Figure 5-9 below.

Cell ID Closest Aerodrome Th.15

T017 LP PORTO SANTO 3

T021 DT ZARZIS 3

T028 DT ZARZIS 3

T030 LG IOANNIS DASKALOGIANNIS 3

T034 LP FARO 3

T035 DA ES SENIA 3

T037 LI LAMPEDUSA 3

T038 LG KALAMATA AB 3

T042 LE GRANADA 3

T043 DA HOUARI BOUMEDIENE 3

T044 DT CARTHAGE 3

T045 LI REGGIO CALABRIA 3

T050 LE TALAVERA LA REAL 3

T051 LE MANISES 3

T052 LI DECIMOMANNU MIL 3

T057 LP MONTE REAL AB 3

T058 LE BARAJAS 3

T060 LI PRATICA DI MARE MIL 3

T066 LE SANTIAGO 3

T077 LY NIS 3

T086 LR BACAU 3

T093 LR TAUTII MAGHERAUS 3

T102 UK VINNITSA 3

T109 UK RIVNE 3

T117 UM BREST 3

T118 UM GOMEL 3

15 Th. = PI Threshold level, with:

3 … <= -106.6 dBm (-136.6 dBW)

2 … <= -100.6 dBm (-130.6 dBW)

1 … <= -94.6 dBm (-124.6 dBW)


T121 EI CONNAUGHT 3

T124 EP REBIECHOWO 3

T125 UM MINSK-2 3

T130 EG PRESTWICK 3

T131 EK STAUNING 3

T132 ES RONNEBY AB 3

T133 EY VILNIUS INTL 3

T134 UU VNUKOVO 3

T137 EG BENBECULA 3

T138 EG DYCE 3

T140 EV LIEPAJA INTL 3

T141 UU MIGALOVO 3

T146 EG KIRKWALL 3

T147 EN KJEVIK 3

T148 ES BERGA 3

T149 UL PULKOVO 3

T153 EK VAGAR 3

T154 EN FLESLAND 3

T155 ES SILJAN 3

T156 EF UTTI AB 3

T161 BI HORNAFJORDUR 3

T162 EG SCATSTA 3

T163 EN FAGERHAUG 3

T164 EF SEINAJOKI 3

T165 UL BESOVETS 3

T169 EK VAGAR 3

T170 EN VIGRA 3

T171 ES ORNSKOLDSVIK 3

T172 EF JOENSUU 3

T177 BI VOPNAFJORDUR 3

T179 EN KJAERSTAD 3

T180 EF KUUSAMO 3



Page: 5-35


T187 ES PAJALA 3

S030 LG IOANNIS DASKALOGIANNIS 3

S039 LG KITHIRA 2

S040 LG IPPOKRATIS 3

S047 LI SIGONELLA MIL 3

S049 LG DIONYSIOS SOLOMOS 2

S050 LG SYROS 2

S056 LI BIRGI MIL 3

S057 LI REGGIO CALABRIA 3

S058 LG KEFALLINIA 3

S059 LG ELEFSIS AB 2

S060 LT ADNAN MENDERES 2

S064 LE PALMA DE MALLORCA 3

S067 LI TERME 3

S068 LI CROTONE 3

S069 LG ALMIROS AB 2

S070 LG ODYSSEAS ELYTIS 2


S074 LE MENORCA 3

S076 LI CAPODICHINO 3

S077 LI GROTTAGLIE 3

S078 LG IOANNINA 3

S079 LG LIMNOS 2


S083 LE REUS 3

S084 LE MENORCA 3

S085 LI FERTILIA 3


S088 LI CASALE MIL 3

S089 LG MAKEDONIA 3

S090 LG DIMOKRITOS 3

S092 LE ZARAGOZA 3

S093 LE EL PRAT 3

S094 LF LE PALYVESTRE NAVY 3

S095 LF FIGARI/SUD CORSE 3

S096 LI LATINA 3

S097 LI PALESE MACCHIE 3


S098 LW OHRID 3

S099 LB PLOVDIV 3

S100 LB BURGAS 3

S102 LE FORONDA 3

S103 LF LOURDES-PYRENEES 3

S104 LF RIVESALTES 3

S105 LF ST CATHERINE 3

S106 LI FIUMICINO 3

S107 LI AMENDOLA MIL 3

S108 LY PODGORICA 3

S109 LB SOFIA 3

S110 LB BURGAS 3

S111 LE ASTURIAS 3

S112 LE SAN SEBASTIAN 2

S113 LF SALVAZA 2


S115 LI SAN GIUSTO 3

S116 LI FALCONARA MIL 3

S117 LQ MOSTAR 3

S118 LY NIS 3

S119 LB GORNA ORYAHOVITSA 3

S120 LB VARNA 3

S122 LE SANTANDER 3

S123 LF LA GARENNE 2

S124 LF DEAUX 3

S125 LI ALBENGA 2

S126 LI RIMINI MIL 3

S127 LD KASTELA 3

S129 LR CRAIOVA 3

S132 LF CAZAUX AB 2

S133 LF AURILLAC 3

S134 LI LEVALDIGI 2

S135 LI PARMA 3

S136 LD LOSINJ 3

S137 LQ TUZLA 3

S142 LF MEDIS 3

S143 LF BRIE-CHAMPNIERS 3



Page: 5-36


S144 LF BRON 2

S145 LI MALPENSA 2

S146 LI RIVOLTO MIL 3

S147 LD BUSEVEC 2

S152 LF LES AJONCS 3

S153 LF MONTBEUGNY 3

S154 LS PAYERNE MIL 3

S155 LI BOLZANO 3

S156 LJ MARIBOR 3

S157 LH KECSKEMET 3

S162 LF LANN-BIHOUE NAVY 3

S163 LF VAL DE LOIRE AB 3

S164 LF LONGVIC AB 2

S165 LS ALTENRHEIN 3

S166 LO SALZBURG 3

S167 LH PAPA 2

S172 LF ENTRAMMES 3

S173 LF BRANCHES 3

S174 LF HOUSSEN 2

S175 ET ERDING AB 3

S176 LO LANGENLEBARN MIL 2

S177 LZ KOSICE 3

S182 LF LANNION 3

S183 LF FAUVILLE AB 3

S184 LF LE ROZELIER 2

S185 ED HESSENTAL 3

S186 LK CESKE BUDEJOVICE 2

S187 LZ ZILINA 2

S192 LF MAUPERTUS 3

S193 LF EPINOY AB 3

S194 ET WIESBADEN AAF 3

S195 ET GRAFENWOHR AAF 3

S196 LK PREROV 2

S197 EP JASIONKA 3

S201 EI CORK 3


S202 EG EXETER 3

S203 LF PARIS-PLAGE 2

S204 EH MAASTRICHT-AACHEN 2

S205 ED ERFURT 3

S206 LK VODOCHODY 3

S207 EP PYRZOWICE 2

S211 EG SWANSEA 3

S212 EG HEATHROW 2

S213 EH WOENSDRECHT AB 2

S214 ED PADERBORN/LIPPSTADT 3

S215 ET HOLZDORF AB 3

S216 EP STRACHOWICE 3

S221 EI WATERFORD 3

S222 EG WOLVERHAMPTON 3

S223 EG NORWICH 2

S224 EH TWENTHE AB 2

S225 ED MAGDEBURG 3

S226 EP BABIMOST 3

S231 EG VALLEY AB 3

S232 EG WADDINGTON AB 2

S233 EH DE KOOY NAVY 2

S234 ED BREMEN 3

S235 ET NEUBRANDENBURG AB 3

S242 EG WARTON 3

S243 EG COLTISHALL AB 3

S244 ET WITTMUNDHAFEN AB 3

S245 ET ROSTOCK-LAAGE 3

S252 EG TEESSIDE 3

S254 EK SONDERBORG 3

S265 EK KASTRUP 3

S274 EK AARHUS 3

S285 ES FERINGE 3

S294 ES SAVE AB 3

Table 5-8: B-AMC "Inlay" Concept: Interference B-AMC towards DME (fine adjustment)



Page: 5-37

The overall results of the B-AMC "Inlay" concept concerning interference from B-AMC towards DME (taking into account fine adjustment of B-AMC Ground Stations and other conditions described in section 5.3.5) are summarized in Table 5-9 and displayed graphically in Figure 5-9.

T-Cells (120nm): Count

above -94.6 dBm 0

within 6dB margin 0

within 12dB margin 0

below -106.6 dBm 59

S-Cells (60nm):

above -94.6 dBm 0

within 6dB margin 0


below -106.6 dBm 106

T-Cells + S-Cells:

above -94.6 dBm 0

within 6dB margin 0



Table 5-9: B-AMC "Inlay" Results: Interference B-AMC towards DME (fine adjustment)

As can be concluded from Table 5-9 above, with a B-AMC "Inlay" concept, 165 of total 200 required cells could be realised as a combination of 59 "T" cells and 106 "S" cells, 35 remaining cells - therefore full European coverage - could be realised if the interference threshold of a DME receiver could be relaxed by 6 dB. However, supplementary investigations, e.g. check of the interference towards the B-AMC RX, considering the re-use distance, etc. are required as a confirmation of the proposed approach and are recommended for the future work.



Page: 5-38

Figure 5-9: B-AMC "Inlay" Concept: Interference of B-AMC towards DME (with B-AMC GS fine adjustment)



Page: 5-39

5.3.5.3. B-AMC "Overlay" Concept: Interference of B-AMC towards DME (with fine adjustment)

An example of the evaluation of the B-AMC "Overlay" concept for a B-AMC cell of 60 nm radius ("S-Cell") is shown in Table 5-10.


• B-AMC Cell: This column indicates the unique identifier of the investigated B-AMC cell (e.g. S133)

• KO Result: This column indicates the result of the last three columns in terms of Pi threshold levels with:




o Level 0 … at least one of the Prd values is above the threshold of -94.6 dBm

• B-AMC Freq.: This column indicates available candidate B-AMC overlay frequencies:





• Closest Aerodrome: This column indicates – for information purposes only - which aerodrome is closest to the B-AMC ground station

• Distance: This column indicates the distance (in nm) of the B-AMC Ground Station to the aerodrome

• Rank: Indicates the rank of the candidate B-AMC overlay frequency: lower rank means better suitable frequency;

• Cell Freq.: This column indicates the investigated B-AMC overlay frequency

• For Offsets of -1.0 MHz, 0 MHz and +1.0 MHz with regard to the candidate B-AMC overlay frequency, the following results of the investigation are indicated:

o Distance to Victim DME receiver in nm (at worst case position and altitude with regard to B-AMC Ground station)

o Received interference power Prd at victim DME receiver after applying frequency offset attenuation (= 0 dB @ 0.0 MHz offset; -9.18 dB @ ±1.0 MHz offset)

• The last three columns contain the results of the investigation of the frequency offset attenuation with regard to the Pi thresholds of -106.6 dBm (= -136.6 dBW), -100.6 dBm (= -130.6 dBW) and -94.6 dBm (= -124.6 dBW): If all Prd values are below the corresponding Pi threshold, then the entry is marked "OK", otherwise the difference in dB with regard to the target Pi threshold is indicated.



Page: 5-40

B-AMC Cell

KO Result

B-AMC Freq.

Closest Aerodrome

Distance (nm) Rank

Cell Freq.

Victim Dist. (nm)

Prd@ -1MHz (dBW)

Victim Dist. (nm)

Prd@ 0MHz (dBW)

Victim Dist. (nm)

Prd@ -1MHz (dBW)

Th. -136.6 dBW

Th. -130.6 dBW

Th. -124.6 dBW

S133 2 1008 LF AURILLAC 5.2 1 1008 51.2 -133.9 299 -414.8 37.7 -131.1 5.5 OK OK

1 994 2 994 23.4 -125.6 309.1 -194.7 129.6 -142.1 11 5 OK

3 996 3 996 129.6 -142.1 358.3 -398.6 129.5 -153.5 OK OK OK

3 1012 4 1012 63.3 -136.2 246 -384.6 96.7 -140.3 0.416 OK OK

0 1000 5 1000 58.4 -135.3 265 -249.8 0 -107.5 29.1 23.1 17.1

1 982 6 982 0.5 -127.3 217.8 -174.7 30.1 -128.4 9.3 3.3 OK

2 998 7 998 129.5 -153.5 214.8 -137.1 58.4 -135.3 1.3 OK OK

3 997 8 997 358.3 -407.8 129.5 -144.3 214.8 -146.2 OK OK OK

0 1003 9 1003 125.2 -140.1 91.9 -130.6 0 -107.6 29 23 17

0 1013 10 1013 246 -393.8 96.7 -131.1 4.7 -119.9 16.7 10.7 4.7

0 1001 11 1001 265 -259 0 -98.4 125.2 -140.1 38.2 32.2 26.2

2 1010 12 1010 37.7 -131.1 194.1 -137.3 63.3 -136.2 5.5 OK OK

1 987 13 987 49.7 -132.5 63.3 -126.8 36.4 -128.8 9.8 3.8 OK

0 986 14 986 0 -107.4 49.7 -123.3 63.3 -136 29.2 23.2 17.2

0 1005 15 1005 0 -107.6 63.3 -126.9 67.1 -135 29 23 17

1 991 16 991 171.8 -145.1 62.4 -126.7 49.3 -131.9 9.9 3.9 OK

1 1007 17 1007 67.1 -135 51.2 -124.7 299 -424 11.9 5.9 OK

1 1011 18 1011 194.1 -146.5 63.3 -127 246 -393.8 9.6 3.6 OK

0 984 19 984 30.1 -128.4 200 -146 0 -107.4 29.2 23.2 17.2

16 This is an example where the "fine adjustment" applies: the Prd@-1MHz value of -136.2 dBW is only slightly (0.4 dB < 1 dB) above the most stringent Pi threshold of -136.6 dBW, therefore the candidate B-AMC overlay frequency 1012 MHz is marked green.



Page: 5-41

1 990 20 990 33.1 -129.3 171.8 -135.9 62.4 -135.8 7.3 1.3 OK

1 999 21 999 214.8 -146.2 58.4 -126.2 265 -259 10.4 4.4 OK

0 993 22 993 49.3 -131.9 23.4 -116.4 309.1 -203.8 20.2 14.2 8.2

0 983 23 983 217.8 -183.9 30.1 -119.3 200 -155.1 17.3 11.3 5.3

1 1006 24 1006 63.3 -136.1 67.1 -125.8 51.2 -133.9 10.8 4.8 OK

0 1009 25 1009 299 -424 37.7 -121.9 194.1 -146.5 14.7 8.7 2.7

2 995 26 995 309.1 -203.8 129.6 -132.9 358.3 -407.8 3.7 OK OK

0 989 27 989 36.4 -128.8 33.1 -120.1 171.8 -145.1 16.5 10.5 4.5

1 1018 28 1018 22.9 -125.8 140.6 -133.2 165.6 -143.8 10.8 4.8 OK

0 981 29 981 177.9 -230.1 0.5 -118.1 217.8 -183.9 18.5 12.5 6.5

1 980 30 980 99.2 -140.2 177.9 -221 0.5 -127.3 9.3 3.3 OK

0 1016 31 1016 129.6 -142.2 0 -98.5 22.9 -125.8 38.1 32.1 26.1

0 1002 32 1002 0 -107.5 125.2 -131 91.9 -139.8 29.1 23.1 17.1

0 1017 33 1017 0 -107.7 22.9 -116.6 140.6 -142.3 28.9 22.9 16.9

0 985 34 985 200 -155.1 0 -98.2 49.7 -132.5 38.4 32.4 26.4

0 1015 35 1015 4.7 -119.9 129.6 -133.1 0 -107.7 28.9 22.9 16.9

2 1019 36 1019 140.6 -142.3 165.6 -134.6 76.3 -135.6 2 OK OK

0 988 37 988 63.3 -136 36.4 -119.7 33.1 -129.3 16.9 10.9 4.9

0 1004 38 1004 91.9 -139.8 0 -98.4 63.3 -136.1 38.2 32.2 26.2

0 1014 39 1014 96.7 -140.3 4.7 -110.8 129.6 -142.2 25.8 19.8 13.8

0 992 40 992 62.4 -135.8 49.3 -122.7 23.4 -125.6 13.9 7.9 1.9

Table 5-10: Example of the evaluation of the B-AMC "Overlay" concept for a B-AMC cell of 60 nm radius ("S-Cell")



Page: 5-42

5.3.5.4. Overall B-AMC "Overlay" Results for Europe

The results of the B-AMC "Overlay" concept , evaluating in detail the interference from B-AMC ground stations towards airborne DME stations and considering the conditions described in section 5.3.5 are shown in Table 5-11, Table 5-12 and in Figure 5-10 below.


T017 LP PORTO SANTO 3

T021 DT ZARZIS 3

T028 DT ZARZIS 3

T030 LG IOANNIS DASKALOGIANNIS

3

T034 LP FARO 3

T035 DA ES SENIA 3

T037 LI LAMPEDUSA 3

T038 LG KALAMATA AB 3

T042 LE GRANADA 3

T043 DA HOUARI BOUMEDIENE 3

T044 DT CARTHAGE 3

T045 LI REGGIO CALABRIA 3

T050 LE TALAVERA LA REAL 2

T051 LE MANISES 3

T052 LI DECIMOMANNU MIL 3

T057 LP MONTE REAL AB 3

T058 LE BARAJAS 3

T060 LI PRATICA DI MARE MIL 3

T066 LE SANTIAGO 3

T077 LY NIS 3

T086 LR BACAU 3

T093 LR TAUTII MAGHERAUS 3

T102 UK VINNITSA 3

T109 UK RIVNE 3

T117 UM BREST 3

T118 UM GOMEL 3

17 Th. = PI Threshold level, with:

3 … <= -106.6 dBm (-136.6 dBW)

2 … <= -100.6 dBm (-130.6 dBW)

1 … <= -94.6 dBm (-124.6 dBW)


T121 EI CONNAUGHT 3

T124 EP REBIECHOWO 3

T125 UM MINSK-2 3

T130 EG PRESTWICK 3

T131 EK STAUNING 3

T132 ES RONNEBY AB 3

T133 EY VILNIUS INTL 3

T134 UU VNUKOVO 3

T137 EG BENBECULA 3

T138 EG DYCE 3

T140 EV LIEPAJA INTL 3

T141 UU MIGALOVO 3

T146 EG KIRKWALL 3

T147 EN KJEVIK 1

T148 ES BERGA 3

T149 UL PULKOVO 3

T153 EK VAGAR 3

T154 EN FLESLAND 3

T155 ES SILJAN 3

T156 EF UTTI AB 3

T161 BI HORNAFJORDUR 3

T162 EG SCATSTA 3

T163 EN FAGERHAUG 2

T164 EF SEINAJOKI 3

T165 UL BESOVETS 3

T169 EK VAGAR 3

T170 EN VIGRA 3

T171 ES ORNSKOLDSVIK 3

T172 EF JOENSUU 3

T177 BI VOPNAFJORDUR 3

T179 EN KJAERSTAD 3

T180 EF KUUSAMO 3

T187 ES PAJALA 3



Page: 5-43


S030 LG IOANNIS DASKALOGIANNIS

2

S039 LG KITHIRA 2

S040 LG IPPOKRATIS 2

S047 LI SIGONELLA MIL 3

S049 LG DIONYSIOS SOLOMOS 3

S050 LG SYROS 1

S056 LI BIRGI MIL 3

S057 LI REGGIO CALABRIA 3

S058 LG KEFALLINIA 3

S059 LG ELEFSIS AB 2

S060 LT ADNAN MENDERES 3


S067 LI TERME 3

S068 LI CROTONE 3

S069 LG ALMIROS AB 2



S074 LE MENORCA 3


S077 LI GROTTAGLIE 3

S078 LG IOANNINA 3

S079 LG LIMNOS 3


S083 LE REUS 3

S084 LE MENORCA 3

S085 LI FERTILIA 3


S088 LI CASALE MIL 3

S089 LG MAKEDONIA 3

S090 LG DIMOKRITOS 3

S092 LE ZARAGOZA 3

S093 LE EL PRAT 3


S095 LF FIGARI/SUD CORSE 3

S096 LI LATINA 3

S097 LI PALESE MACCHIE 3

S098 LW OHRID 3

S099 LB PLOVDIV 3


S100 LB BURGAS 3

S102 LE FORONDA 3

S103 LF LOURDES-PYRENEES 3

S104 LF RIVESALTES 3

S105 LF ST CATHERINE 3

S106 LI FIUMICINO 3

S107 LI AMENDOLA MIL 3

S108 LY PODGORICA 3

S109 LB SOFIA 3

S110 LB BURGAS 3

S111 LE ASTURIAS 3

S112 LE SAN SEBASTIAN 3

S113 LF SALVAZA 3


S115 LI SAN GIUSTO 3

S116 LI FALCONARA MIL 3

S117 LQ MOSTAR 3

S118 LY NIS 3

S119 LB GORNA ORYAHOVITSA 3

S120 LB VARNA 3

S122 LE SANTANDER 3

S123 LF LA GARENNE 2

S124 LF DEAUX 3

S125 LI ALBENGA 2

S126 LI RIMINI MIL 3

S127 LD KASTELA 3

S129 LR CRAIOVA 3

S132 LF CAZAUX AB 3

S133 LF AURILLAC 3

S134 LI LEVALDIGI 3

S135 LI PARMA 3

S136 LD LOSINJ 3

S137 LQ TUZLA 3

S142 LF MEDIS 3

S143 LF BRIE-CHAMPNIERS 3

S144 LF BRON 3

S145 LI MALPENSA 3

S146 LI RIVOLTO MIL 2



Page: 5-44


S147 LD BUSEVEC 3

S152 LF LES AJONCS 3

S153 LF MONTBEUGNY 3

S154 LS PAYERNE MIL 2

S155 LI BOLZANO 3

S156 LJ MARIBOR 3

S157 LH KECSKEMET 3

S162 LF LANN-BIHOUE NAVY 3

S163 LF VAL DE LOIRE AB 3

S164 LF LONGVIC AB 3

S165 LS ALTENRHEIN 3

S166 LO SALZBURG 3

S167 LH PAPA 2

S172 LF ENTRAMMES 3

S173 LF BRANCHES 2

S174 LF HOUSSEN 3

S175 ET ERDING AB 3

S176 LO LANGENLEBARN MIL 2

S177 LZ KOSICE 3

S182 LF LANNION 3

S183 LF FAUVILLE AB 3

S184 LF LE ROZELIER 2

S185 ED HESSENTAL 3

S186 LK CESKE BUDEJOVICE 3

S187 LZ ZILINA 3

S192 LF MAUPERTUS 3

S193 LF EPINOY AB 2

S194 ET WIESBADEN AAF 2

S195 ET GRAFENWOHR AAF 3

S196 LK PREROV 3

S197 EP JASIONKA 3

S201 EI CORK 3

S202 EG EXETER 3


S203 LF PARIS-PLAGE 2

S204 EH MAASTRICHT-AACHEN 1

S205 ED ERFURT 3

S206 LK VODOCHODY 3

S207 EP PYRZOWICE 3

S211 EG SWANSEA 3

S212 EG HEATHROW 2

S213 EH WOENSDRECHT AB 1

S214 ED PADERBORN/LIPPSTADT 3

S215 ET HOLZDORF AB 3

S216 EP STRACHOWICE 3

S221 EI WATERFORD 3

S222 EG WOLVERHAMPTON 3

S223 EG NORWICH 2

S224 EH TWENTHE AB 2

S225 ED MAGDEBURG 3

S226 EP BABIMOST 3

S231 EG VALLEY AB 3

S232 EG WADDINGTON AB 3

S233 EH DE KOOY NAVY 2

S234 ED BREMEN 3

S235 ET NEUBRANDENBURG AB 3

S242 EG WARTON 2

S243 EG COLTISHALL AB 3

S244 ET WITTMUNDHAFEN AB 3

S245 ET ROSTOCK-LAAGE 3

S252 EG TEESSIDE 3

S254 EK SONDERBORG 3

S265 EK KASTRUP 3

S274 EK AARHUS 3

S285 ES FERINGE 3

S294 ES SAVE AB 3

Table 5-11: B-AMC "Overlay" Concept: Interference B-AMC towards DME (fine adjustment)

The overall results of the B-AMC "Overlay" concept concerning interference from B-AMC towards DME (taking also fine adjustment of B-AMC Ground Stations into account) are summarized in Table 5-12 and displayed graphically in Figure 5-10.



Page: 5-45

T-Cells (120nM): Count

above -94.6 dBm 0

within 6dB margin 1


below -106.6 dBm 56

S-Cells (60nM):

above -94.6 dBm 0

within 6dB margin 3



T-Cells + S-Cells:

above -94.6 dBm 0

within 6dB margin 4



Table 5-12: B-AMC "Overlay" Results: Interference B-AMC towards DME (fine adjustment)

As can be concluded from Table 5-12 above, with a B-AMC "Overlay" concept, 172 cells (opposite the 165 cells of the "Inlay" concept) of total 200 required cells could be realised as a combination of 56 "T" cells and 116 "S" cells, 24 remaining cells - therefore full European coverage - could be realised if the interference threshold of a DME receiver could be relaxed by 6 dB. However, for four cells a solution could not be identified without attempting to re-allocate existing DME channels.

Supplementary investigations, e.g. check of the interference towards the B-AMC RX, considering the re-use distance..., are required as a confirmation of the proposed approach and are recommended for the future work.



Page: 5-46

Figure 5-10: B-AMC "Overlay" Concept: Interference of B-AMC towards DME (with B-AMC GS fine adjustment)



Page: 5-47

5.3.6. Conclusions from Refined B-AMC Frequency Planning Approach

As a result of the detailed evaluation of the interference situation of B-AMC ground stations towards an airborne DME victim receiver placed on a worst case position with regard to the refined B-AMC frequency planning approach, the following conclusions can be drawn:



• Taking the dense distribution of DME and TACAN stations in Europe into account, as an overall conclusion the obtained preliminary results are quite positive. However, detailed evaluation of the B-AMC interference situation is required, covering all interference scenarios mentioned in sub-chapter 3.1.3 and considering appropriate re-use distances.

With respect to two investigated special cases, “Inlay” and “Overlay” deployment, the following specific conclusions can be drawn:

• Using the B-AMC "Inlay" concept (and taking B-AMC GS fine adjustment into account), only 35 small "S-Cells" with 60 nm radius would not meet the most stringent requirement (12 dB margin), but could be operated within/below the 6 dB margin.

• Compared to that, using the B-AMC "Overlay" concept (and taking B-AMC GS fine adjustment into account), even a smaller number of 28 cells ("T-Cells" or "S-Cells") would not meet the most stringent requirement (12 dB margin), of which a total of 24 could be operated within/below the 6 dB margin; only for 1 "T-Cell" and 3 "S-Cells" even the margin of 6 dB would be violated, however the "T-Cell" (radius 120 nm) could be replaced by smaller "S-Cells" (e.g. radius 60 nm).

----------- END OF SECTION ---------



Page: 6-1

6. Conclusions and Further Research

In order to be able to deploy a given radio system within some geographical region and optimally use / exploit available RF resources (channels), frequency planning is required. Traditionally, first, the protection requirements for the victim receiver are articulated by specifying the minimum required desired signal level D and the maximum tolerable interfering signal level U. Then the required spatial separation between the involved systems is calculated by using known D and U figures combined with the appropriate propagation model.

The draft frequency planning approach described in this report is restricted to the scenarios involving only B-AMC and DME systems. Moreover, as with current DME/TACAN planning, only ground-air scenarios with airborne victim DME and B-AMC receivers have been investigated. As the En-Route coverage is the most demanding case with respect to the usage of spectral resources, this case has been investigated in detail – TMA and airport planning have been delegated to the future work.

In this work package, basic frequency planning rules according to B-AMC Deployment Option 2 – inlay deployment with 0.5 MHz frequency offset between B-AMC and existing DME channels - are developed and specified. Specific criteria for B-AMC receiver interference threshold in a multi-interferer environment (DME/TACAN) have been described, based on [D3]. Furthermore, an initial draft frequency plan for the deployment of B-AMC within Europe has been developed.

Within the initial planning exercise, large 120 nm En-Route B-AMC cells have been considered, with ground B-AMC TX power of +38 dBm. As expected, simultaneously considering the interference from the B-AMC GS towards airborne DME receivers and the interference from DME GSs towards airborne B-AMC receivers have imposed strong restrictions upon the pool of available B-AMC frequencies. In the consequence, for some B-AMC cells an appropriate B-AMC inlay frequency could not be found (at least not without re-arranging DME allocations).

In order to further increase the percentage of assignable B-AMC cells, the following supplementary conceptual refinements have been discussed:

• Extension of the FL/RL B-AMC frequency range (985.5 MHz – 1008.5 MHz to 979.5 MHz – 1018.5 MHz)

• Reduction of B-AMC cell radius for some B-AMC cells (from 120 nm to 60 nm), with the corresponding reduction of the B-AMC TX power (from +38 dBm to +32 dBm)

• Placement of B-AMC ENR ground stations at sufficient distance from DME stations (fine adjustment of B-AMC ground station positions)


The set of scenarios for several combinations of proposed improvements has been developed and investigated, with the results included in the section 5.3. The following general conclusions apply to that case:




Page: 6-2


With respect to two investigated special cases, “Inlay” and “Overlay” deployment, the following specific conclusions can be drawn:

• Using the B-AMC "Inlay" concept (and taking B-AMC GS fine adjustment into account), only 35 small "S-Cells" with 60 nm radius would not meet the most stringent requirement (12 dB margin), but could be operated within/below the 6 dB margin.

• Compared to that, using the B-AMC "Overlay" concept (and taking B-AMC GS fine adjustment into account), even a smaller number of 28 cells ("T-Cells" or "S-Cells") would not meet the most stringent requirement (12 dB margin), of which a total of 24 could be operated within/below the 6 dB margin; only for 1 "T-Cell" and 3 "S-Cells" even the margin of 6 dB would be violated, however the "T-Cell" (radius 120 nm) could be replaced by smaller "S-Cells" (e.g. radius 60 nm).

Taking the dense distribution of DME and TACAN stations in Europe into account, as an overall conclusion the obtained preliminary results are quite positive. However, detailed evaluation of the B-AMC interference situation is required, covering all interference scenarios mentioned in sub-chapter 3.1.3 and considering appropriate re-use distances.

Recommendations:

• Investigating other interference cases that could not be considered in this report (air-air, air-ground) and their impact upon frequency planning should be included as a topic for future work.

• Common agreement about the acceptable interference threshold for DME/B-AMC receivers should be achieved in the environment with multiple interferers.

• The draft criteria for frequency planning used in this work should be refined, dependent on the outcome of the above activities.

----------- END OF SECTION ---------



Page: 7-1

7. References

Reference Description

Annex 10, I ICAO, "International Standards and Recommended Practices, Aeronautical Telecommunications, Annex 10 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation", Volume I (Radio Navigation Aids), Sixth Edition, July 2006

Annex 10, IV ICAO, "International Standards and Recommended Practices, Aeronautical Telecommunications, Annex 10 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation", Volume IV (Surveillance Radar and Collision Avoidance Systems), Third Edition, July 2002.

COCR EUROCONTROL/FAA Future Communications Study, Operational Concepts and Requirements Team, Communications Operating Concept and Requirements for the Future Radio System, Version 2, May 2007

COM3 EUROCONTROL COM3 Database for the L-Band DME, March 20, 2007

D2.2 B-AMC Project (phase 1) Deliverable D2.2, "B-AMC Operating Concept and Deployment Scenarios", Issue 1.0, August 24, 2007

D3 B-AMC Project (phase 2) Deliverable D3, "WP3 – Systematic Interference Investigations", Rev01, December 20, 2007

D4 B-AMC Project (phase 1) Deliverable D4, "B-AMC Interference Analysis and Spectrum Requirements", Issue 1.1, October 22, 2007

D5 B-AMC Project (phase 1) Deliverable D5, "Expected B-AMC System Performance", Issue 1.1, 24 September 2007

EURDoc011 ICAO, "EUR Frequency Management Manual for Aeronautical Mobile and Aeronautical Radio Navigation Services", Edition 2004, Sept. 2004

JTIDS JTIDS / MIDS MULTINATIONAL AD HOC SPECTRUM SUPPORT WORKING GROUP NOTEBOOK, May 2006

RTCA/DO-292 RTCA/DO-292, Assessment of Radio Frequency Interference Relevant to the GNSS L5/E5A Frequency Band, July 29, 2004

----------- END OF SECTION ---------



Page: 8-1

8. Abbreviations

Abbreviation Meaning

A/C Aircraft

B-AMC Broadband-Aeronautical Multi-Carrier Communications System

DME Distance Measuring Equipment

DOC Designed Operational Coverage

EIRP Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power

FDR Frequency Dependent Rejection

FL Flight Level, Forward Link

GS Ground Station

KO Kick-Out Criteria

ppps Pulse Pairs Per Second

RL Reverse Link

RX Receiver

TX Transmitter

----------- END OF SECTION ---------



Page: 9-1

9. ANNEX A - Approach for Planning with Victim DME Receivers

9.1. Introduction

This section describes a general approach how the frequency planning criteria could be developed for a case where victim DME receivers are interfered by B-AMC transmitters.

Not all scenarios could be investigated within the efforts allocated to this initial frequency planning work, but are equally important as the case with victim B-AMC receivers.

NOTE: Finally, the frequency planning should be done by looking at the results for both interference directions and retaining the more constraining set of criteria.

9.2. B-AMC_G TX and B-AMC_A TX Spectral Masks

The investigation of interference and frequency planning with victim DME receivers requires knowledge about the spectral mask of the interfering B-AMC transmitter.

Spectral masks for the ground/airborne B-AMC TX (48/24 carriers, respectively) are as shown in Figure 9-1.

NOTE: The B-AMC_A TX mask with 24 carriers has not been defined in [B-AMC D4], but has been calculated afterwards for the purpose of this ANNEX.

Nr of spacings between B-AMC carriers 0 20020 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

-180

10

-160

-140

-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

SC phase noise density (dBc/Hz), 0 dB ~ SC power Composite BAMC_A mask, ref. to 0 dB ~ total MC signal power

Nr of spacings between B-AMC carriers 0 20020 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

-180

10

-160

-140

-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

SC phase noise density (dBc/Hz), 0 dB ~ SC power Composite BAMC_A mask, ref. to 0 dB ~ total MC signal power

Figure 9-1: B-AMC_G Spectral Masks (48 carriers/24 carriers)

With these masks the FDR (Frequency Dependent Rejection, between the RX input and the demodulator) curves (Figure 9-3, Figure 9-4) have been calculated, assuming the DME RX selectivity curve from [B-AMC D4].

NOTE: The DME RX selectivity curve is also shown in Figure 9-3 and Figure 9-4.

The FDR curves describe the degree of the attenuation of the input B-AMC signal provided at specified frequency offset by the RX front-end, between the RX input and the input of the demodulator (mainly by the selectivity of the victim DME RX).



Page: 9-2

The remaining required isolation between the TX output and RX input is system-independent and must be provided by the combination of TX cable losses, TX antenna gain/loss, propagation losses between the TX and RX antennas, RX antenna gain/loss and the RX cable loss. Knowing the fixed parameters (cable losses, antenna max. gains), the required spatial distance can be derived from the path loss and known directivity characteristics of both involved antennas.

NOTE: For precise determination of the required spatial distance based on TX-RX isolation the NAVSIM tool should be used.

9.3. Reference Topology

The general topology was assumed as described in section 3.1.4 and represented on Figure 3-1. For better traceability, Figure 3-1 is re-printed (as Figure 9-2) in this section.

Figure 9-2: Constellation of B-AMC and DME DOCs

fD2

fB

fD1

rB

rD2

rD1

dD2

dD1

DME DOC

fD2 = fB ± 1,5 MHz

DME DOC

fD1 = fB ± 0,5 MHz

B-AMC DOC

A

B

C

D

hD2

hB

hD1

Non-overlapping B-AMC and DME DoCs

Overlapping B-AMC and DME DoCs



Page: 9-3

9.4. Interference Cases with Victim DME Receiver

Several interference cases are possible, as discussed below.

As no representative B-AMC TX exists, these cases have been so far investigated [B-AMC D4] by using the Frequency Dependent Rejection (FDR) method.

Moreover, the DME receiver interference susceptibility values used in [B-AMC D4] are very conservative, based on the receiver noise susceptibility and using large additional margins (6 dB safety margin, 6 dB multiple system contribution margin). This is not consistent with current DME planning criteria [EURDoc011] where the desired signal is well above the sensitivity level and the D/U ratio is set 8 dB without additional margins.

As already highlighted in section 3.3, the difference in the acceptable interference threshold of 12 dB has a potential to significantly impact the planning results.

It is therefore recommended to conduct the planning task by considering original susceptibility value and repeat it by considering relaxed criteria (removing multiple-system margin and/or safety margin).

It is also recommended to achieve common agreement about the acceptability criteria for DME receivers, in particular about the applicability of additional margins for frequency planning purposes.

9.4.1. B-AMC GS DME A/C

If B-AMC GS causes interference at an airborne DME RX, the B-AMC GS operating at fB is at its fixed position (Figure 9-2), while victim DME A/C is placed at points “C” and “D” at the boundary of the corresponding DME GS DOC operating on (FL) on fB ± 0.5/1.5 MHz, respectively. The height of the victim DME A/C is selected such as to maximise interference power received from the B-AMC GS.

NOTE: In scenarios with close frequency spacing the spatial distance between GSs is high. In such a case the victim A/C should be placed at the highest possible level within the GS DOC.

CONSTRAINT: The DME A/C RX must be within the DOC of the DME GS it is currently interrogating if it should be considered to be jammed by the B-AMC GS.

NOTE: If the interrogations of close DME A/C are directed to “remote” DME GSs (DME A/C is not within the DOC of the interrogated DME GS, e.g. in the scanning mode), the DME A/C may anyway not receive a meaningful response from the interrogated DME GS, therefore the interrogation is not considered to be jammed by the “close” B-AMC GS.

An inspection of the [EURDoc011] has shown that for the frequency planning the protected signal value of -89 dBW/m2 at the DME_A RX antenna was used, rather than the DME_A RX sensitivity- (-83 dBm at the RX input, specified in [DO-189]) that was used so far in [B-AMC D4] interference investigations.

With unchanged RX cable losses of 3 dB, reference antenna gain of 5.4 dBi [B-AMC D4] and the same S/I ratio of 16 dB (based on DME receiver noise susceptibility, assumed to be independent of the absolute S value), this input desired signal power density translates to the tolerable total interference power of -94.6 dBm at the input of the DME_A RX demodulator, or, by assuming 12 dB aeronautical- and multiple-system margin, to -106.6 dBm tolerable interference power from any single interferer at the DME_A RX demodulator input. This new modified value is shown in Table 9-1 and Table



Page: 9-4

9-3 below in and is proposed to be used as a criterion for the DME_A RX for B-AMC frequency planning.

-80,00

-70,00

-60,00

-50,00

-40,00

-30,00

-20,00

-10,00

0,00

0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00

Offset (MHz)

FDR

BA

MC

_G --

> D

ME_

A, D

ME_

G (d

B

FDR - BAMC_G TX --> DME_A RX (dB) FDR - BAMC_G TX --> DME_G RX (dB)DME_A RX IF Filter Att. (dB)

Figure 9-3: FDR Curve for BAMC_G TX and DME_A RX

Nr. of carriers 48,00 FLCarrier spacing (kHz) 10,416667

BAMC_G TX PWR (dBm) 35DME_A RX Interference Threshold (dBm) -106,6Required TX-RX_DEM Isolation (dB) 141,6 141,6 141,6 141,6 141,6 141,6

Offset in MHZ 0,5 1 1,5 1,54 2 2,5FDR - BAMC_G TX --> DME_A RX (dB) -0,93 -9,18 -45,88 46,60 -64,69 -68,36

Required TX_OUT-RX_IN Isolation (dB) 140,67 132,42 95,72 76,91 73,24Minimum provided isolation & 600 m (dB) 95Required spatial distance (km) 425 180 ~0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6

Table 9-1: Isolation/Separation Values for Victim DME_A RX

From Figure 9-3 the FDR values for characteristic offset values can be derived (Table 9-1). For frequency planning purposes, the offsets of interest are ±0.5 MHz and ±1.5 MHz (eventually ±2.5 MHz).

This table also shows the required total isolation between the B-AMC_G TX output and the input of the DME_A RX demodulator, as well as required isolation between the B-AMC_G TX output and the input of the DME_A RX demodulator.



Page: 9-5

NOTE: The isolation figures have been calculated by assuming B-AMC_G TX power of 35 dBm and DME_A tolerable interference of -106.6 dBm. They should be re-calculated for other TX power or RX interference threshold values.

A part of this total isolation is provided by the FDR, the remaining isolation between the TX output and the RX input must be provided by the path loss, taking cable losses, antenna gains and antenna orientation into account.

Finally, the required spatial distance between antennas is derived/estimated from [B-AMC D4] figures, assuming that in the worst case the main lobe of the airborne antenna directly points towards the B-AMC GS (the directivity of the B-AMC GS antenna has still been considered).


Table 9-1 indicates that with 1.5 MHz frequency separation the estimated minimum slant range between the B-AMC_G TX operating at 35 dBm power level and the DME_A RX that can accept -106.6 dBm of co-channel interference power would be about 600 m.

Table 9-1 also indicates that with the B-AMC_G TX power of 35 dBm and frequency separation of 0.5 MHz the DME_A RX would have to be at >425 km distance from the B-AMC GS in order to be not interfered.

9.4.2. B-AMC A/C DME GS

If B-AMC A/C being within the DOC of the B-AMC GS causes interference at the ground DME RX, the DME GS is at its fixed position, while the B-AMC A/C is placed at points “A” and “B” at the boundary of the corresponding B-AMC GS DOC (Figure 9-2). The height of the B-AMC A/C is selected such as to maximise the interference power received by the DME GS.

NOTE: With 0.5 MHz frequency spacing, the DOCs of the B-AMC GS and the DME GS would not overlap, because of insufficient FDR isolation. In such a case the interfering A/C should be placed at the highest possible level within the GS DOC. With 1.5 MHz spacing, generally the DOCs may or may not overlap.



Page: 9-6

-80,00

-70,00

-60,00

-50,00

-40,00

-30,00

-20,00

-10,00

0,00

0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00

Offset (MHz)

FDR

BA

MC

_A -

-> D

ME_

A, D

ME_

G (d

B

FDR - BAMC_A TX --> DME_A RX (dB) FDR - BAMC_A TX --> DME_G RX (dB)DME_G RX IF Filter Att. (dB)

Figure 9-4: FDR Curve for BAMC_A TX and DME_G RX/DME_A RX

Nr. of carriers 24,00 RLCarrier spacing (kHz) 10,416667

BAMC_A TX PWR (dBm) 38,5DME_G RX Interference Threshold (dBm) -112Required TX-RX_DEM Isolation (dB) 150,5 150,5 150,5 150,5 150,5 150,5

Offset in MHz 0,5 1 1,49 1,5 2 2,5FDR - BAMC_A TX --> DME_G RX (dB) -0,58 -11,70 55,5 -57,13 -64,85 -68,62

Required TX_OUT-RX_IN Isolation (dB) 149,92 138,80 93,37 85,65 81,88Minimum provided isolation & 600 m (dB) 95Required spatial distance (km) > 450 325 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6

Table 9-2: Isolation/Separation Values for Victim DME_G RX

From Figure 9-4 the FDR values for characteristic offset values can be derived (Table 9-2). This table also shows the required total isolation between the B-AMC_A TX output and the input of the DME_G RX demodulator, as well as required isolation between the B-AMC_A TX output and the input of the DME_G RX demodulator.

NOTE: The isolation figures have been calculated by assuming B-AMC_G TX power of 38.5 dBm and DME_A tolerable interference of -112 dBm. They should be re-calculated for other TX power or RX interference threshold values.



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A part of this total isolation is provided by the receiver (FDR), the remaining isolation between the TX output and the RX input must be provided by the path loss, taking cable losses, antenna gains and antenna orientation into account. Finally, the required spatial distance between antennas is derived/estimated from [B-AMC D4] figures, assuming that in the worst case the main lobe of the airborne antenna directly points towards the DME GS (the directivity of the DME GS antenna has still been considered).


Table 9-2 indicates that with 1,5 MHz frequency separation the minimum estimated slant range between the B-AMC_A TX operating at 38.5 dBm power level and the DME_G RX that can accept -112 dBm of co-channel interference power would be 0.6 km. The B-AMC aircraft should therefore be able to fly directly over the DME GS that operates on second adjacent channel (1.5 MHz spacing) at 600 m distance, without causing interference to such DME_G RX.

Table 9-2 also indicates that with the B-AMC_A TX power of 38.5 dBm and frequency separation of 0.5 MHz the DME_GS would have to be at >450 km distance from the B-AMC A in order to be not interfered.

9.4.3. B-AMC A/C DME A/C

If B-AMC A/C placed at point “A” or “B” within the B-AMC DOC causes interference at the airborne DME RX placed within the DME DOCs at points “C” or “D”, both aircraft should be placed within their DOCs at the vertical distance that maximises the received interference power (Figure 9-2).

CONSTRAINT: The DME A/C RX must be within the DOC of the DME GS it is currently interrogating if it should be considered to be jammed by the B-AMC A/C.

NOTE: It should be assumed that the main beams of both A/C antennas point towards each other.

Nr. of carriers 24,00 RLCarrier spacing (kHz) 10,416667

BAMC_A TX PWR (dBm) 38,5DME_A RX Interference Threshold (dBm) -106,6Required TX-RX_DEM Isolation (dB) 145,1 145,1 145,1 145,1 145,1 145,1

Offset in MHz 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,07 2,5FDR - BAMC_A TX --> DME_A RX (dB) -0,58 -11,70 -57,13 -64,85 61,1 -68,62

Required TX_OUT-RX_IN Isolation (dB) 144,52 133,40 87,97 80,25 76,48Minimum provided isolation & 600 m (dB) 84Required spatial distance (km) > 450 200 1 0,6 0,6 0,6

Table 9-3: Air-air Isolation/Separation Values for Victim DME_A RX

The FDR values for characteristic offset values can be derived from Figure 9-4. Table 9-3 also shows the required total isolation between the B-AMC_A TX output and the input of the DME_A RX demodulator, as well as required isolation between the B-AMC_A TX output and the input of the DME_G RX demodulator.



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NOTE: The isolation figures have been calculated by assuming B-AMC_G TX power of 38.5 dBm and DME_A tolerable interference of -106.6 dBm. They should be re-calculated for other TX power or RX interference threshold values.

A part of this total isolation is provided by the FDR, the remaining isolation between the TX output and the RX input must be provided by the path loss, taking cable losses, antenna gains and antenna orientation into account. Finally, the required spatial distance between antennas is derived/estimated from [B-AMC D4] figures, assuming that in the worst case the main lobes of both airborne antennas directly point towards each other.


Table 9-3 indicates that with 1.5 MHz frequency separation the estimated minimum slant range providing required isolation between the B-AMC_A TX operating at 38.5 dBm power level and the DME_A RX that can accept -106.6 dBm of co-channel interference power would be 1 km. Therefore, the B-AMC aircraft at 600 m distance from the DME aircraft that interrogates the DME GS on second adjacent channel (1.5 MHz spacing) would during manoeuvre temporarily cause interference to the DME_A RX on another aircraft. For interference-free operation at 600 m distance, the B-AMC_A TX power would have to be reduced below 38.5 dBm.

Alternatively, the frequency planning would need to assure that with 38.5 dBm B-AMC_A TX power level the DOC of the B-AMC GS and the DOC of any DME GS that operates at ± 1.5 MHz from the B-AMC channel (and may be interrogated by the DME aircraft) are separated by at least 1 km.

Table 9-3 also indicates that with the B-AMC_A TX power of 38.5 dBm and frequency separation of 0.5 MHz the DME_A RX of another A/C would have to be at >450 km distance from the B-AMC A/C in order to be not interfered.

9.4.4. Summary Table: B-AMC TX Interfering DME RX

The relevant parameters from Table 9-1, Table 9-2 and Table 9-3 are captured in Table 9-4. Any change of TX power, RX interference susceptibility or antenna parameters would require updating Table 9-4.

Undesired TX power (dBm)

Victim RX Interference Susceptibility (dBm)

Required Isolation TX-RX_DEM (dB)

RX FDR (dB) & ∆f (MHz)

Isolation TX-RX_IN (dB) & ∆f (MHz)

Separation (km) & ∆f (MHz)

0,5 1,5 0,5 1,5 0,5 1,5

B-AMC_G DME_A

35 -106,6 141,6 0,9 46 140,7 95,7 >425 ~0,6

B-AMC_A DME_A

38,5 -106,6 145 0,6 57 144,5 88 >450 1

B-AMC_A DME_G

38,5 -112 150,5 0,6 57 150 93,4 >450 0,6

Table 9-4: Parameters for Victim DME_A RX

The FDR value is independent on the transmitted power or allowed interference level (remains constant as long as neither the TX signal-in-space nor RX IF selectivity change).



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The required spatial isolation would dramatically change (improve) if the margins associated with the DME RX interference susceptibility figures – and therefore the interference susceptibility values themselves - could be further reduced. Higher tolerable interference power leads to higher tolerable TX power of the B-AMC TX.

The DME RX interference susceptibility value in Table 9-4 is related to the single interferer transmitting within the bandwidth of the DME_A/DME_G RX demodulator. It has been derived from the total allowable interference power for multiple interferers by applying 6 dB margin for the multiple system contribution and another 6 dB for aeronautical safety margin.

However, 6 dB margin due to the multiple interferers would not apply to all interference scenarios. Additional question is how this margin should be distributed between different involved systems. In particular, the applicability of 6 dB margin for multiple interferers is questionable in the scenarios where an aircraft flies over a GS.

In a scenario where (single-) A/C is flying at 600 m height over the GS of another system (DME), all other GSs operating on that channel are beyond the radio horizon at such a height, due to the frequency planning. In this scenario it is hardly possible that the same A/C would be interfered by multiple GSs using the same channel – the “local one” would be dominant.

In the opposite scenario (GS interfered by the A/C), there may be several B-AMC A/C close to the victim GS, but these are mutually vertically/horizontally separated by the ATC procedures and would appear at different slant ranges (the closest one would be dominant). Even if another A/C at 1200 m height would simultaneously contribute to the interference as the first one at 600 m height, total received interference power would be increased by 1 dB (not by 6 dB).

It is therefore recommended to conduct the planning task by considering original susceptibility value and repeat it by considering relaxed criteria (removing multiple-system margin and/or safety margin).

It is also recommended to achieve common agreement about the acceptability criteria for DME receivers, in particular about the applicability of additional margins for frequency planning purposes.

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