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OMB No. 0704-0188

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I. REPORT DATE 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED

03 MAY 2006 N/A

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Sa. CONTRACT NUMBER

Near-Infrared Fuel Analysis Sb. GRANT NUMBER

Sc. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER

6. AUTHOR(S) Sd. PROJECT NUMBER

Schmitigal /Joel Se. TASK NUMBER

Sf. WORK UNIT NUMBER

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION

USATACOM 651 E 11 Mile Road Warren, MI 48397-5008 REPORT NUMBER

15772

9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S)

TACOM TARDEC II. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S)

12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Approved for public release, distribution unlimited.

13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

14. ABSTRACT

IS. SUBJECT TERMS

16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF 18. NUMBER 19a. NAME OF ABSTRACT OF PAGES RESPONSIBLE PERSON

a. REPORT b. ABSTRACT c. THIS PAGE SAR 22 unclassified unclassified unclassified

Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-IB

1677~

• Portable,· Ruggedized, Near Infrared Spectrometer

• Chemometrics using Principal Component Analysis and Partial Least Squares or Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogies Method (SIMCA)

• Manufactured by Micron Optical Systems Inc . - Suffolk, VA

• Army Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR)

- Phase U awarded 1/11/2001

s~.~-3-·r--------------------------------------------------------------,

sa(t0C(lE~3~1 /v~ 75i).~. ·~ .• )~! J \ '

'i'Ci().~d1!'·3·1 ) I\ ~ 65l;l. Ql.';,"l!;> l i I l \j ~~ 600 .C'IlO!::·l-1 I \

~ SSO.~Je·l1 '\

~ :::~~:j~ I \. ~.(!(ICll<i I \

lSO.OOJE<! ~. \ I "'\ I '· 300.C(ilf!·l-l I \ "-..... ..... \~

I , , 1 2SQ.~:JE·34 ___________; -......___../ ;

:::::t . . . . . . . . . . . --1 1000 10~ 1100 11~ 1200 12~ 1300 13~ 1~ 14~ 1500 15~ l600

Wll>'eiength (nm)

- Pixels: 512 pixels

- Electronic Shutter: Integration from 1 ms to minutes

-Readout and Display Update: 50 specta I second

Spectrograph

- Grating: Volume Holographic transmission grating

-Spectral Range: 1000-1600 nm

- Spectral Dispersion: 1.56 or 0.98 nm/pixel

Source

- Feedback-Stabilized High-Intensity tungsten halide lamp with peak intensity at 11 OOnm.

• Small Size : 4.25" x 5.25" x 11.75"

• Light Weight

• Adaptable fiber optic probe

• Easy to use

• Fast Analysis: Results in less than 1 s

• No hazardous waste generated

LIMITATIONS

• Correlative measurement: the accuracy of your results are dependant on the accuracy of the ASTM data used to build the models

•Correlation to properties dependent on molecular structure

•Range/Quantity of fuel samples

•Sensitivity directly related to composition of fuel

Property ASTM Method SEV

Boiling point at 1 0°/o dist 086 3.74- 12.02 oc 8.35 oc Boiling point at 90°/o dist 086 3.74-10.52 oc 9.40 oc Oist End Point 086 10.5 oc 12.87 oc Density 01298 0.0012 g/ml 0.0041 g/ml

API Gravity 01298 0.3 0.9384

Flash point 093 6°C 5.141 oc Viscosity at 40 oc 0445 0.013- 0.046 eSt 0.156 eSt

Cetane Index 0976 2 1.183

Aromatics 0/o 01319 1.5-3.3°/o 1.9°/o

Cloud Point 02500 4°C 5.8 oc Freeze Point 0 5972 .80 oc 0.75 oc Net Heat of Combustion 04809 0.046 MJ/kg 0.098 MJ/kg

Hydrogen Content 0 3343 0.012-0.015°/o 0.22 °/o

C\1 ...J w en wco

I

0~

• •

270 I

R2 = 0.8371 I

250

~ 230 j ASTM= - • • •• • • • "'0

~ 1210 _, • a.. I I '"'

t • LJ190 ..

170

150 150 170 190 210 230 250 270

I Measured I

360

340

"0 .320

Q)

t5 ·-"0 Q) ~

I a_ I

u240

220

200 200

~=0.941 •

ASTM-

' • •

220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360

IMea~red 1

R2 = 0.8976 .. • 360 I SEV = 12

ASlM = 10. 340 21320 (.)

~ 3oo 1 . l' A 6 * • :t • '- 280 a.. I

u26o 240 220 200

200 250 300 350 400

j Measured 1

0.880

0.870

0.860

"C I 0.850 Q)

~I 0.840 "C ~I 0.830 a... 0.820

u 0.810

0.800 0.790

R2 = 0.9711 = II II

AS

t

0. 780 -1-----,.--------r--------r-----.------,

0.780 0.800 0.820 0.840 0.860 0.880

[Measured

"'0 CD

50

45

t5 40 ·-"'0 ~ a..

35

30

R2 = 0.9384 SEV= 0.81 ASlM=

25~------~------~------~------~----~

25 30 35 40 45 50

l Mea~ured J

R2 =0.762 1 .. * 75 --i -- . . •

70 I ..... • t ......

~

"'0 • • . ' Q) • • • +-' 65 • •• *)\ • (.) ·- • • ' "'0 * • • Q) 60 • "'-

• t.

a.. • • ~ • 55 • • • ' . LJ 50 ~I • I • . -45 ~- I I 40 35

35 45 55 65 75 85

I Measured I

(0 <.0 ll) v ~ en . . 0

0 II II

N > ~w en

1..0 . ~

n

~ (f) <(

•• *

• ••

•

••

1.1) 1.1) LO . . . M N ~

pap,paJd. '

LO . 0

55~ R2 = 0.768 53 = 11 __

; ; ll51 i -- •

-o 149 (])

~147 I •

"0 ~ 145 a..

43

41 ~ • + •

39 37

I +

35 35 40 45 50 55

) Measured J

I I

"-"" ('\If'... COO) (J)~

• "'" T"'""' 0 II II 11

N > ~ o::W~

U)(J)

0 co

<(

0 LO

•

0 0 0 """ (f) N P9l~!P9Jd _]

0

' 0

0 (0

0 L()

0 C'\1

0

'

0

0 (0

I

II II~ >F ~~

••

• • •

•• • • • • •

•

9 I

"'C Q) '-::J CJ)

lm l~

(.() -.::::t'l

I

1'-"3"

t-~

I

~ I

~ I

0 LO

I

~

LO I

M LO

I

I

•

P9l~!P9Jd

co (J') ~ "l"

I I

•

• • • .. ••

•

• • • •

• • •

II II N > o::w

(/)<(

0 LO

I

••

"r""" N (Y') 'l' LO L() l(') LO

I I I I

• • • .. ..

43.3

"0 ,·43.2 (])

t5 143.1 ·-~~ 43 c..

LJ42.9 42.8

42.7

42.6

R2 = 0.7959 SEV-

ASTM-

•

• •

•

• •

• * •

42.5T-----~-----r----~------r-----~----~

42.4 42.6 42.8 43 43.2 43.4 43.6

I Me~su;ed- I

12T-----~----~----~----~----~--~

12 12.5 13 13.5 14 14.5 15

!M~;s~r~

Obtaining fuels needed for modeling effort:

-Jet A

- Diesel1

-JP-5

- Off Specification fuels (procuring or manufacturing)

Improve laboratory results for modeling

-Pour Point

- FSII detection