report draft Col Basin summer09 3 March 2010 no COTO rsts...nonreproductive or scrotal) were recorded. Each capture was assigned a unique specimen number and specimen numbers were

A SUMMARY OF BAT WORK IN 2009 IN THE COLUMBIA BASIN AS PART OF THE

PROVINCIAL TAXONOMIC STUDY OF LONG-EARED BATS IN B.C.

Cori Lausen Birchdale Ecological Ltd.

Kaslo, B.C.

Thomas Hill Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program - Columbia Basin

Nelson, B.C.

Prepared for: Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program - Columbia Basin

Nelson, B.C.

March 2010

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In July 2009, we conducted mistnet and acoustic surveys of bats at various locations across the western portion of the Columbia Basin. Long-eared bat species were targeted in order to obtain morphological, genetic and acoustic data as part of a larger scale provincial project aimed at understanding the taxonomy and field identification of these similar species of bats. Two species of long-eared bats, Myotis evotis (Long-eared Myotis) and M. septentrionalis (Northern Myotis) were captured. Extensive effort was made to capture M. thysanodes (Fringed Myotis) in the Creston area, the only location in the Basin from where this species is known, however, no captures were made. The only Northern Myotis captured was found in an old growth cedar stand near Trout Lake. It was radiotracked, and roosts were identified; this adult female remained in the vicinity of the old growth cedar stand, roosting in live and early decay stage trees. Passive acoustic recordings of ultrasound revealed the likely presence of red bats (Lasiurus borealis or blossevillii) at two of the sampling locations (Hills near New Denver, and Staubert Lake near Trout Lake). Opportunistic radiotracking of two reproductive adult female Corynorhinus townsendii (Townsend’s Big-eared Bat) gave rise to the identification of two previously unknown maternity roosts for this species in Creston. This was the first documentation of Townsend’s Bat maternity roosts in buildings in this area.

INTRODUCTION Bats are a significant component of forest biodiversity. Eight of B.C.’s 16 species are considered at risk, three are Identified Wildlife species under the Forest and Range Practices Act., and several are being considered for Regionally Significant Wildlife designation.

There are several conservation issues surrounding bats in the Columbia Basin: identification of habitat requirements for long term maintenance of critical habitat; being able to differentiate similar-looking bat species; and being able to monitor bat diversity and abundance through acoustic surveys.

Four species of long-eared bats of the Genus Myotis occur in British Columbia: Keen’s Myotis (Myotis keenii), Northern Myotis (M. septentrionalis; formally known as Northern Long-eared Myotis), Long-eared Myotis (M. evotis; formally known as Western Long-eared Myotis), and Fringed Myotis (M. thysanodes). Provincially, Keen’s Myotis is red listed, the Northern Myotis and Fringed Myotis are blue listed, and the Long-eared Myotis is yellow listed. Keen’s Myotis and Fringed Myotis were designated Data Deficient by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC 2003, 2004). These four bats are associated with forested habitats and are likely sensitive to forest harvest activities. Keen’s Myotis, for example, is listed in the Identified Wildlife Management Strategy (IWMS 2004), and regarded as dependent on mature/old growth forests. Nevertheless, data on habitat requirements of this bat are limited and its dependence on old growth forest is speculative. A major impediment to field studies and inventory, including accurate species range maps, management, and conservation assessments of these species, is identification. For example, in a major survey of bats for BC Hydro in the Campbell River watershed, Kellner and Rasheed (2002) were unable to identify long-eared bat captures to species and they could classify their

captures of these species as simply Keen’s Myotis / Long-eared Myotis. Similar problems would be expected in much of the BC mainland where two to four species of long-eared bats of the genus Myotis potentially co-occur in most locations. At present Keen’s Myotis and Long-eared Myotis can only be positively identified from skulls prepared from voucher specimens (van Zyll de Jong and Nagorsen 1994; Nagorsen 2002) or DNA sequences from taken from wing punches. Moreover, the taxonomic validity of these two species is unresolved (COSEWIC 2003). Although interior populations of the Fringed Myotis can be identified from other long-eared bats in the hand by external features, a coastal form found in Washington and possibly BC, converges in size and pelage colour with other long-eared bats (COSEWIC 2004). Identification is further complicated by the morphological similarity of some subspecies of Little Brown Myotis (Myotis lucifugus) with long-eared bat species of the genus Myotis. Long-Eared Bats in Columbia Basin Of the four long-eared species in BC, three are found within the Columbia Basin: Northern Myotis, M. septentrionalis (Blue-listed), Long-eared Myotis, M. evotis (Yellow-listed, conservation concern), and Fringed Myotis, M. thysanodes (Blue-listed and an Identified Wildlife species). All three species are difficult to differentiate in the hand, and while they are found in the Columbia Basin drainage, the two blue-listed species (M. septentrionalis and M. thysanodes) do not appear to be common based on limited capture records (Hill et al. 2007; Hill et al. 2004). Prior to this study, the furthest south that Northern Myotis were found was Revelstoke. Myotis evotis are found throughout the Columbia Basin.

Bat Biodiversity In B.C., there is evidence (acoustic and anecdotes of specimens; T. Hill, M. Sarell, unpubl. data) to suggest that there are additional species of bats than are currently on record for the province; for example, acoustic evidence suggests the presence of red bats (either Lasiurus borealis or blossevillii) and Canyon bats (Parastrellus hesperus). A single museum specimen of a red bat (species identification currently under review; D. Nagorsen, pers. comm.) exists from the Skagit region of B.C. from 1905 (Canadian Museum of Nature, specimen 1182; Nagorsen and Brigham 1993). Red bats roost in the foliage of deciduous trees, and are most often associated with riparian areas (Adams 2003). Anecdotal evidence of red bats in the Columbia Basin in the area of Bonanza Marsh, near New Denver (T. Hill, pers. comm.) prompted our opportunistic acoustic recordings in this area, while conducting mistnetting nearby for long-eared bats. Similarly, acoustic recordings were made opportunistically throughout the long-eared study to document bat diversity in the region. Roost Selection Much of the low elevation riparian habitat in the Columbia Basin area was flooded by hydro-electric development. Bats are most associated with these types of low-lying riparian habitats in the active season (e.g. Holloway and Barclay 2000; McCain 2007), depending on them for roosting, raising of young, and foraging. In fact, flooding of low-lying habitat has been implicated in declines of Townsend’s bats in the East Kootenay (Firman 1999). It is therefore critical that habitat requirements be determined in areas where hydro-electric developments have

occurred – in the surrounding flooded and non-flooded regions -- to ensure appropriate land management and habitat protection for long term persistence of bats.

With the exception of M. evotis (Vonhof and Gwilliam 2000; Vonhof and Barclay 1996), and some preliminary radio-tracking of M. thysanodes (Hill et al. 2007), no roosting studies have been done in the Columbia River basin for long-eared bat species. Looking outside of the Columbia Basin, to the rest of Canada, few forest roosting studies have been done for these three long-eared species (e.g. M. septentrionalis in the Fort Nelson area, B.C., Vonhof et al. 1997; M. evotis in Kananaskis, Alberta, Solick 2004; M. thysanodes in California, Weller and Zabel 2001). Although M. thysanodes is uncommon across its distribution, it has been documented in the Columbia Basin and radiotracking of two males of this species characterized rock crevice roosts for this species (T. Hill et al. 2007). Female roost use is unknown. Similarly, little is known about the roost characteristics of M. septentrionalis. This long-eared species is not common in the Columbia Basin, with records existing only in the Revelstoke area (Haney and Sarell 2002, Caceres 1998, Holroyd 1993). This species has long been associated with old growth forests; while this has thus far been the habitat association for this species in B.C., studies of M. septentrionalis in eastern Canada have brought this dependence on old growth trees into question (reviewed in ASRD 2009). It has been shown repeatedly that different species of bats differ in their roost selection, and even the same species can show different roost requirements in different geographic areas (e.g. Carter and Feldhamer 2005; Menzel et al. 2002; Vonhof and Barclay 1996; Weller and Zabel 2001); as such, understanding local habitat requirements of local species is imperative for local management strategies. Characterizing use of trees by M. septentrionalis in the Columbia Basin is therefore of great interest.

METHODS

Study Sites Acoustic and capture sampling was conducted at various sites across the western portion of the Columbia Basin. Sites were selected to maximize the likelihood of capturing long-eared mytois species, and as such were generally riparian or mines. Trails were preferentially selected for mistnet deployment due to the tendency for long-eared bats to forage along these linear edges in cluttered habitats. For each netting study site we recorded (1) UTM Coordinates taken with a Garmin 76CSx GPS using NAD83, (2) elevation, (3) date, (4) weather, (5) site description, (6) habitat, (7) directions for locating the site, (8) number and dimensions of mist nets employed, (9) start and end times, and (10) temperatures at start and end times. The data sheets also included a map that showed the configuration of nets relative to major geographic features at the site. A subset of these data are in Appendix I. Capture and handling Bats were captured with mist nets. Because the objective was to capture large samples of long-eared bats rather than a general survey of representative bats, our sampling effort was mostly focused on narrow trails or overgrown old roads. Nets were checked every 10-15 min and captures were held in cloth bags for processing. All capture methods and handling followed the

RIC standards (RIC 1998a, b) and a modified version of the USFWS White Nose Syndrome Prevention Decontamination protocol (USFWS 2009) was followed as a conservative measure, although the Geomyces destructans fungus has not been reported east of the Mississippi River in the U.S. to date. Captures were identified from standard keys (Nagorsen and Brigham 1993; Nagorsen 2002). Sex, age, and reproductive status (non-parous, pregnant, lactating, post-lactating, nonreproductive or scrotal) were recorded. Each capture was assigned a unique specimen number and specimen numbers were used to label morphological data, wing punches, and acoustic data associated with an individual (described below). Photographs of facial morphology and ear and tragus area were taken of most long-eared bat captures. Radiotransmitters were affixed to bats using nontoxic surgical adhesive (®Torbot). A small amount of fur was trimmed in the interscapulae area before the transmitter was applied to prevent excessive movement of the transmitter during flight. All transmitter weights were less than 5% of the bat’s body mass (Aldridge and Brigham 1988). Morphological data We recorded 11 measurements for most long-eared bats: (1) body mass, (2) ear length, (3) tragus length, (4) length of forearm, (5) length of 3rd metacarpal, (6) length of 5th metacarpal, (7) length bare area on nose, (8) width of bare area on nose (9) hind foot length, (10) length of thumb, and (11) tibia length. Ear, tibia, and facial measurements were taken with a plastic ruler, wing measurements were done with vernier calipers, and mass was measured using a digital balance. To minimize measuring error among researchers, all measurements were done by C. Lausen. In addition to measurements, 12 descriptive morphological traits (presence-absence or description) were recorded for long-eared bat captures: (1) colour and sheen of ears, (2) tragus shape, (3) shoulder patches, (4) jaw colour, (5) dorsal pelage colour, (6) fringe on outer edge of interfemoral membrane, (7) facial mask, (8) bald patch around eye, (9) toe hairs, (10) forehead slope, (11) U-shaped bare patch of colour on dorsum, and (12) general aggressiveness. DNA samples and genetic data Wing punches were taken for nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequencing following the methods of Lausen (2005). Except for pregnant females where we took only one wing punch, two punches were taken from each individual, one from each side of the lower wing membrane near the body. Tissue samples were taken with a 2 mm biopsy punch and stored in vials with 95% ethanol. Samples are in the process of being analyzed genetically (DNA sequencing and nuclear microsatellite genotyping) by three labs: Dr. Jan Zinck of University of Portland, Portland, Oregon (sequencing of two variable regions of the 16S ribosomal subunit gene; Zinck et al. 2004); Dr. Tanya Dewey of University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, Michigan (sequencing the last 800 base pairs of the cytochrome b gene in mitochondrial genome; Dewey

2006); Dr. Mike Russello of University of British Columbia, Kelowna, B.C. (nuclear genotyping of ~8 microsatellites and sequencing of hypervariable areas of the control region). Acoustic data Echolocation calls were recorded with two bat detector systems, each using a different circuitry to transform incoming signals, and software for spectral analysis: (1) Anabat II CF ZCAIM detector system (Titley Electronics, Australia) with Analook software (Corben 2004) process ultrasound using a frequency division, zero-crossing method; (2) Pettersson D240X detector (Pettersson Elektronik, Sweden) with Sonobat software (Szewczak 2004, 2009) employ time expansion, and direct recording, respectively, to collect and analyze full spectrum acoustic data. To record echolocation reference calls, a bat was first warmed to ensure it was not in torpor. The individual was then released on a zip-line (Szewczak 2000) or tether for semi-free flight (free-style tethering; J. Boland, pers. comm.). After recordings were obtained, the bat was released and additional recordings were made of the bat in free flight. For frequency division calls recorded with the Anabat, 9 acoustic parameters from calls will be used, as generated by Analook: (1) call duration, (2) maximum frequency, (3) minimum frequency, (4) mean frequency, (5) frequency of the knee, (6) characteristic frequency, (7) linear slope, and (8) slope of the characteristic body. Calls were manually processed to increase the signal to noise ratio increasing the accuracy of all call measurements. For full spectrum data recorded with Sonobat, 11 acoustic parameters will be used for analyses: (1) call duration, (2) high frequency, (3) low frequency, (4) bandwidth, (5) frequency at maximum amplitude, (6) characteristic low frequency, (7) slope, (8) upper slope, (9) lower slope, (10) presence of heel, (11) presence of harmonics. Call analysis was based on techniques defined by Szewczak (2004). Passive Passively collected Anabat acoustics data were analyzed by hand using the associated software as outlined above. Where call quality was sufficient, unknown calls were compared to known calls previously collected in B.C., or other reference call databases, as appropriate, and species or species groups were identified. Passively collected Pettersson acoustics data were analyzed using a trial version of Sonobat 3.0 automated analysis (Szewczak 2009) followed by manual analysis/confirmation of the files with unexpected or questionable identification results.

RESULTS

Sites From 4 July to 1 August 2009, we surveyed a total of 31 sites (Table 1; see Appendix I for additional site and weather details). Twenty-six of these sites employed the use of mistnets, and 15 sites acoustically sampled using either an Anabat or Pettersson D240x bat detector. Two sites were building roosts of Townsend’s Big-eared Bat, discovered by the opportunistic radiotracking of two reproductive females. Mistnet sampling effort is summarized in Appendix II and maps of netting sites are in Appendix III.

Table 1. Study sites.

Site Name UTM X UTM Y Elev. (m) 2009 Date Type of Sampling Duncan-Lardeau Flats 502686 5560006 548 July 4 capture Gillian's Cottonwood Gallery (and canal) 504293 5559287 544 July 5

capture + acoustic (Anabat)

Meadow Cr. Spawning Channel 500099 5566798 583 July 6


Block Rd 502295 5563818 554 July 7 capture Coot Lake 493925 5614455 730 July 8 capture Duncan River Old Growth Ponds 496409 5609579 595 July 9 capture Allen Marlow Old Growth/shore 453587 5615183 773 July 10


Allen Marlow North Side 453826 5615376 829 July 12 capture Allen Marlow Old Growth creek 453587 5615183 773 July 13

capture + acoustic (Pettersson)

Allen Marlow Old Growth shore 453587 5615183 773 July 14 capture Joe Ricketts 452533 5615400 762 July 15 capture Summit Lk 454615 5556005 765 July 16 capture Summit Lk 2 453733 5556424 767 July 17 capture Bonanza Marsh 466532 5548796 541 July 17 acoustic (Pettersson)

Queen Victoria Mine 467441 5482417 878 July 18, 19 capture + acoustic (Pettersson)

Mt Thompson Mine 541526 5439385 937 July 20, 23 capture + acoustic (Pettersson)

Tony Tzakis heritage house July 21

observed Townsend’s bats in roost

Creston Valley Dyke 530466 5440656 540 July 21 capture

Transformer Mine 530607 5449333 585 July 22 capture + acoustic (Pettersson)

Pedro Naturals 525308 5458162 544 July 22, 24,

30 capture + acoustic (Pettersson)

Site Name UTM X UTM Y Elev. (m) 2009 Date Type of Sampling

Foster Mine 534732 5444320 842 July 24 capture + acoustic (Pettersson)

CVWMA cabins by office 526495 5441852 619 July 24 acoustic (Pettersson) CVWMA Summit CK Campground 526286 544301 538 July 25 capture Baptiste Mine 538963 5438158 660 July 25 capture (by hand) Goat River Aspen Mine 1 544264 5444720 938 July 27


Goat River Aspen Mine 2 544337 5444653 874 July 28 capture Yakan Nuki 534657 5431246 542 July 29 capture Railway Bridge 525605 5456745 540 July 30 capture

Duck Lake 524677 5453362 533 July 25, 31 capture (31 Jul) and acoustic (Anabat 25 Jul)

Duck Lake North of bat barn 526848 5449527 537 July 26 - 29 acoustic (Anabat) Gord & Brenda Deck pig barn Aug. 1

observed Townsend’s bats in roost

Captures As summarized in Table 2, we captured 415 bats of 9 species (M. evotis, M. volans, M. septentrionalis, M. californicus, M. lucifugus, M. yumanensis, Lasionycteris noctivagans, Eptesicus fuscus, Corynorhinus townsendii). Thirty-eight long-eared bats (1 M. septentrionalis and 37 M. evotis) were captured at 11 sites. Details of sex, reproductive status and age can be found in Appendix IV.

Acoustics Pettersson reference calls were recorded from 166 bats at 13 sites from 8 species, for a total of 188 acoustic files. One-hundred and twenty four reference call sequences were of hand released bats, 27 were recorded using the bat-kiting tether method, and 37 were recorded using zip-lining. Thirty-six of the 37 Long-eared Myotis were reference-called; one adult female was captured in the mistnet with a pup nursing on her teat, and as such she was released without processing.

Passive

A total of 644 passive Pettersson recordings were made at 9 sites over the course of 12 nights. Approximately 10% of the files were reviewed manually and adjusted accordingly if the automated species identification was deemed inaccurate (Appendix V). A total of 4158 passive Anabat recordings were made at 5 sites over 8 days, and all files were manually reviewed (Appendix V).

Two species were recorded but not captured during this survey: Myotis thysanodes was recorded at two sites in the Creston area (2 files recorded at Duck Lake and 1 file at Transformer Mine); similarly, a red bat pass was recorded at Bonanza Marsh (species of red bat unknown), but Bonanza Marsh was not mistnet surveyed.

Table 2. Bat captures at each site.

Site Name 2009 Date Capture numbers Scientific Name

Duncan-Lardeau Flats July 4 7 Corynorhinus townsendii 6 Myotis californicus 1 Myotis evotis 2 Myotis volans 16 Gillian's Cottonwood Gallery July 5 8 Corynorhinus townsendii 15 Myotis californicus 1 Myotis evotis 24 Meadow Cr. Spawning Channel July 6 3 Myotis californicus 3 Myotis lucifugus 1 Myotis volans 1 Myotis yumanensis 8 Block Rd July 7 1 Corynorhinus townsendii 29 Myotis californicus 2 Myotis lucifugus or yumanensis 1 Myotis volans 33 Coot Lk July 8 1 Lasionycteris noctivagans 8 Myotis californicus 1 Myotis evotis 8 Myotis lucifugus or yumanensis 1 Myotis volans 19 Duncan River Old Growth Ponds

July 9 1 Myotis californicus 1

Allen Marlow Old Growth July 10 3 Myotis californicus 13 Myotis lucifugus 1 Myotis septentrionalis 2 Myotis volans 19 Allan Marlow Old Growth Creek

July 13 1 Myotis californicus 17 Myotis lucifugus

1 Myotis lucifugus or yumanensis 19 Allan Marlow Old Growth Shore

July 14 3 Myotis californicus 3

Summit Lk July 16 2 Myotis californicus 3 Myotis evotis 49 Myotis lucifugus or yumanensis 54 Summit Lk 2 July 17 1 Myotis evotis 8 Myotis lucifugus or yumanensis 9 Queen Victoria Mine July 18 5 Corynorhinus townsendii

Site Name 2009 Date Capture numbers Scientific Name

12 Lasionycteris noctivagans 6 Myotis californicus 7 Myotis evotis 9 Myotis lucifugus 1 Myotis volans 40 Mt Thompson Mine July 20 3 Corynorhinus townsendii 2 Myotis evotis 5 Creston Valley Dyke July 21 1 Corynorhinus townsendii 1 Myotis californicus 3 Myotis evotis 14 Myotis lucifugus 4 Myotis lucifugus or yumanensis 2 Myotis volans 3 Myotis yumanensis 28 Pedro Naturals July 22 11 Myotis lucifugus or yumanensis 11 Transformer Mine July 22 4 Corynorhinus townsendii 6 Myotis lucifugus or yumanensis 2 Myotis volans 12 Pedro Naturals July 24 1 Corynorhinus townsendii 1 Myotis volans 2 Baptiste Mine July 25 1 Myotis volans 1 Goat River Aspen Mines 1 July 27 10 Myotis evotis 10 Goat River Aspen Mines 2 July 28 5 Myotis evotis 1 Myotis volans 6 Yakan Nuki July 29 1 Corynorhinus townsendii 2 Eptesicus fuscus 33 Myotis californicus 3 Myotis evotis 2 Myotis lucifugus 9 Myotis lucifugus or yumanensis 2 Myotis volans 52 Railway Bridge July 30 4 Corynorhinus townsendii 2 Myotis californicus 4 Myotis lucifugus 17 Myotis lucifugus or yumanensis 27 Duck Lake July 31 1 Myotis lucifugus 15 Myotis lucifugus or yumanensis 16 TOTAL 415

Roosts (Radiotracking) The M. septentrionalis captured on 10 July, 2009 near Trout Lake was radiotracked for 4 days (11 – 14 July) during which time roosts were located (Figure 1) and some foraging behaviour was documented. This whole area is at the northwest end of Staubert Lake in Allan Marlow's Old Growth forest (extremely old growth cedar forest; see photo Appendix VI ). On the first day after capture (11 July) the nonreproductive female northern bat was found roosting ~2.5 m up a cedar snag that was ~10 m in height and 63.6 cm diameter at breast height. The roost tree was on a slope on the south side of the small creek in an area of younger trees with deadfall. This snag had fallen but remained upright, leaning against a live hemlock tree ~215 m from her capture location on the lake’s edge, 115 m from the creek, and 80 m from the edge of Staubert Lake. There were a lot of cracks and loose bark in the rotting cedar snag, but the exact roosting location of the bat on this tree could not be determined. The northern bat emerged at 21:40 the first night of finding this roost. She foraged in the roost area, along the nearby creek, edge of lake and edge of slope (in old growth forest), always within range until 0:00 at which time we stopped tracking her. The bat did not go out over the open lake, nor did she appear to leave the old growth area during the time that we tracked her.

On the second day after capture (12 July), this bat roosted in a live hemlock (74.8 cm diameter at breast height) with foliage only at the top crown. The roost tree is twice as high as her first roost tree (tree height ~18.8 m). The roost was 350 m northeast of the original capture site, and 560 m from her first roost (#1). The tree was located on a SW-facing slope on the north side of the highway/valley. We followed this bat from 21:20 - 0:15 and determined that she was foraging in the same general location as the previous night. At 0:15 - 0:30 during a period of light rain, the transmitter signal was steady directly south of this second roost tree, suggesting night roosting somewhere south of the highway in the direction of the old growth cedars. Light rain also occurred at 2:00 and the signal suggested night roosting again, but by 3:15 the rain had stopped and she was out foraging again in the direction of the old growth area at the west end of Staubert Lake.

The exact tree roost used on 13 July was not determined due to her emergence prior to pinpointing the exact tree. However, this roost tree was near her #1 roost on the south side of the creek.

Roost #4 was in live cedar tree on the northern edge of the creek, 200 m from the capture site, 135 m from #1 roost, and 500 m from #2 roost. The bat’s roost was high in this tall tree (~50 m tree height; 57.0 cm diameter at breast height), estimated 7/8ths the way up the tree. Despite the fact that this roost is in the low-lying part of the valley with a north-facing slope between it and the horizon, because of the height of this tree, the solar exposure would have been substantial (estimated solar azimuth 140-300o). Monitoring of the transmitter signal suggested that the bat emerged late (22:50 vs 21:07 – 21:40 previous nights) although this roost was not watched. The weather was not rainy, although it was quite windy. The bat foraged upslope of the creek and a bit down-creek until 0:00 at which time she night roosted for approximately 1 hour, in the direction of where the lake drains into the creek (near roosts #1, #3, #4); it was very windy at this time.

Two female Townsend’s Big-Eared bats were opportunistically radio-tracked in the Creston area, allowing for the discovery of two previously unknown building maternity roosts. These are the

first building maternity roosts known in the area, and these locations have been submitted to B.C. Conservation Data Centre.

Genetic, Morphology, Acoustic Analyses Genetics and acoustic analyses were not completed at the time this report was written. A full morphological, acoustic and genetic analysis of these data and data collected across the province is anticipated in summer 2010. A copy of the report will be forwarded to the Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program.

Figure 1. Roost and capture locations for Myotis septentrionalis 10 – 14 July, 2009.

DISCUSSION

Taxonomy of Long-eared Bats In-hand identification of long-eared bats can be unreliable from external morphology, and identification of some individuals requires either examination of the skull from a voucher specimen, or DNA sequencing. Taxonomy is also confusing, with recent research suggesting that a cryptic species of long-eared bat, currently included in the species complex of Little Brown Myotis (M. lucifugus) may occur in B.C. (Dewey 2006).

Developing reliable field and acoustic identification for long-eared bats is essential for management and conservation. Correct identification is critical to assess presence of each of these long-eared species and thus make appropriate management recommendations. Being able to reliably differentiate all species acoustically would reduce future inventory and monitoring costs.

In this 2009 sampling effort in the Columbia Basin, we captured 38 long-eared bats, of which one was a Northern Myotis and the rest were Long-eared Myotis. Despite substantial effort (11 sampling nights, and 12 sampling locations) to capture Fringed Myotis, none were captured. Sites where this species had been previously documented acoustically or captured (5 Fringed Myotis have been captured in the Creston area; Hill et al. 2004, 2007), did not yield Fringed Myotis in 2009. Only 2 Fringed Myotis acoustic passes were recorded near Duck Lake and one at Transformer mine, for a total of 3 passes out of 2419 passive recordings (478 Pettersson; 1941 Anabat) in this Creston area. It is clear that this species is not common in the Columbia Basin. Captures of this species were made in August 2009 by C. Lausen just to the south of the Canadian border, in the Flathead region of Montana. These US Fringed Myotis samples will be included in the overall B.C. long-eared bat project to provide samples of all 4 long-eared bats for taxonomic and acoustic analyses.

Acoustics – Reference Libraries Long term monitoring of bat abundance and diversity will become increasingly important as threats to bats continue: human developments in riparian zones, snag removal, lack of regeneration of riparian cottonwoods, and dams have and will likely continue to threaten bat habitat. New threats on the horizon, with undetermined impacts include climate change, wind developments, and White Nose Syndrome. Acoustically monitoring an area for relative bat activity and diversity is a less expensive and intrusive method of inventory and allows for determining local relative abundances and habitat associations, and facilitates long term monitoring of population trends; however, it depends on being able to identify species through echolocation alone. Not only do these long-eared species look morphologically similar, they can produce similar-looking echolocation calls. Theoretically, the three long-eared species of focus can be distinguished acoustically to some extent using characteristic frequency of their calls. However, because echolocation calls vary geographically across the range of a species (Thomas et al. 1987; Murray et al. 2001), call libraries specific to a species in a given area should be created to determine the range of overlap in call features, and increase the accuracy of acoustically differentiating these very similar long-eared species. Interestingly, at the mitochondrial DNA loci currently being used to differentiate species of bats (cytochrome b,

16S), M. evotis and M. thysanodes cannot be differentiated due to identical haplotypes (Dewey 2006; J. Zinck, Portland State University, pers. comm.). It is thought, however, that the characteristic frequencies used by these two species when echolocating differ by ~5 kHz. One hundred and twenty bats were recorded to obtain reference calls in the summer of 2009, of which 37 were long-eared bats; these reference calls will be added to the database of reference calls collected as part of the larger long-eared bat project from across B.C., to be used for bat species inventories across the province.

Unreported Bat Species Based on anecdotal records, and on acoustic results from 2009, there is evidence to suggest that red bats are found in at least three regions of the Columbia Basin: Hills, at the north end of the Slocan Valley (this study and T. Hill pers. comm.); Staubert Lake northwest of Trout Lake (this study); and the southern Columbia River Valley, near Fort Sheppard (T. Hill and C. Lausen, unpubl. data). A person living near Hills reported the killing of a “very red bat” on a car windshield (T. Hill, pers. comm.); this, together with the acoustic record of a red bat in this same vicinity in 2009 suggests that this species may be present in the Hills area, and given the deciduous habitat present and the mid-summer acoustic record, may be raising young there. Several acoustic records from the southern Columbia River Valley suggested the presence of red bats (T. Hill, unpubl. data). Red bat acoustic recordings have also been made in the Okanagan (Sarell and Haney 2000), although this is complicated by the suspected presence of the Canyon bat (Parastrellus hesperus) a bat that produces similar echolocation calls as L. blossevillii (Sarell and Haney 2000); Canyon bats have been found in Washington, but have not yet been captured in B.C. Whether the red bat species in B.C. is Lasiurus borealis (eastern red bat) or L. blossevilli (western red bat), or both, cannot easily be determined, however, the acoustic file from Staubert Lake in 2009 suggested L. blossevilli. The nearest known location for western red bat in BC is a single specimen from the Skagit River in 1905, although a number of reports of acoustic detections have been anecdotally documented (summarized in Sarell and Haney 2000). Western red bat status is ‘Unknown’ in BC. The nearest known location for eastern red bat is Pincher Creek, Alberta, and this species is not known from BC. The eastern red bat, however, was recently changed from a status of “accidental” to “sensitive” in Alberta as records of this species have increased substantially over recent years, including carcasses under wind turbines in the SW part of the province (E. Baerwald, unpubl. data). A recent distribution shift to the west is suspected for this species.

Implications for Management We anticipate the results of the larger long-eared bat project, of which this is a part, will enable agency and industry biologists to more accurately evaluate the bat species on forest lands, facilitating implementation of Identified Wildlife guidelines as well as considering these species when designating wildlife tree patches, riparian zones, and old growth management areas. We also anticipate that the advancement in technique development that will be forthcoming from the analysis of the long-eared bat data will allow better identification and inventory techniques for field workers, forestry workers and research biologists.

Future Work Our opportunistic acoustic recordings indicate the presence of an as of yet unconfirmed species of bat in the Columbia Basin (red bat species). We suggest that further bat work should focus on inventory of this potentially new species, because it is a species common to riparian deciduous habitat, a habitat that has been negatively impacted by flooding in the Columbia Basin. Because the mistnetting in this project was targeting long-eared bats, mistnets were set in vegetatively cluttered areas, areas typically used for foraging by long-eared bats, but not typically used by other bat species. In Alberta, for example, where red bats are captured in the NE corner of the province, most captures are made in tall (double or triple-high) mistnet sets (Delanie Player, Matrix Solutions, pers. comm.). We therefore suggest future inventory of riparian deciduous forests in the Columbia Basin using tall mistnet sets. This type of inventory has not previously been conducted. Acoustic inventory targeting these same forest types should also be conducted across the Columbia Basin.

Silverhaired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans), a tree-roosting species, made a significant portion of the catch at the Queen Victoria Mine site. This species is a tree roosting species and across its North American range tends to be migratory, with distributions shifting north in the summer and south in the winter (Cryan 2003). Its use of mines in summer is not well documented. This species has been documented to overwinter in B.C., has been recorded actively flying mid-winter in various sites in the West Kootenays (C. Lausen, unpubl. data) and found hibernating in some mines (Nagorsen et al. 1993; C. Lausen and T. Hill, pers. obs.). Because so little is known about this species’ ecology and summer and winter habitat requirements, and because of the unique nonmigratory nature of this species in B.C., we suggest effort go into documenting habitat for this species year-round. Silverhaired bats are one of the two major species of bats being killed by turbines at wind development facilities in western North America (Baerwald et al. 2008).

Although uncommon, Fringed Myotis are present in the Creston Valley and we suggest that efforts still be made to radiotrack reproductive female Fringed Myotis to identify roosting habitat. However, we suggest that extensive acoustic monitoring be undertaken prior to this, to map foraging areas and likely night roost locations and seasonal use of these areas/structures to maximize the likelihood of capture. Similarly, mines and caves in the area should be monitored in winter months to determine and describe hibernation habitat. Because of the potential for substantial disturbance in the west Kootenays, as has been demonstrated by the appearance of geocaching sites at two known Townsend’s Big-eared Bat hibernacula (mines; T. Hill and C. Lausen, pers. obs.), identifying and protecting hibernation sites used by Fringed Myotis should be considered a high priority.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS For field assistance, we thank Bryce McKinnon and Gillian Sanders. For allowing us access to their private property, in Creston we thank the Tzakis family, Gord and Brenda Deck, and the Schofer family; in the Trout Lake area we thank Allan Marlow and Joe Ricketts. We thank Laura Friis, retired small mammal specialist with B.C. Ministry of Environment, for the initiation and coordination of the B.C. long-eared bat project, and for writing the proposal of this Fish and Wildlife Compensation project upon which this report is based.

LITERATURE CITED Adams, R.A. 2003. Bats of the Rocky Mountain West. University Press of Colorado, Boulder. ASRD. 2009. Status of the northern myotis (Myotis septentrionalis) in Alberta. Alberta

Sustainable Resource Development and Alberta Conservation Association. Wildlife Status Report No. 3 (Update 2009 by C. Lausen). Edmonton, AB. 34 pp.

Aldridge, H.D.J.N and R.M. Brigham. 1988. Load carrying and maneuverability in an insectivorous bat: a test of the 5% “rule” of radiotelemetry. Journal of Mammalogy 69:379-382.

Baerwald, E.F, G.H. D’Amours, B.J. Klug and R.M.R. Barclay. 2008. Barotrauma is a significant cause of bat fatalities at wind turbines. Current Biology 18: 695-696.

Caceres, M.C. 1998. The summer ecology of Myotis species bats in the interior wet-belt of British Columbia. MSc thesis. University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta.

Carter, T. C., and G. A. Feldhamer. 2005. Roost tree use by maternity colonies of Indiana bats and northern long-eared bats in southern Illinois. Forest Ecology and Management 219:259-268.

Corben, C. 2004. Analook Software, Version 4.9j. COSEWIC. 2003. COSEWIC assessment and update status report on the Keen's long-eared bat

Myotis keenii in Canada. COSEWIC Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada Ottawa. 35 pp.

COSEWIC. 2004. COSEWIC assessment and update status report on the fringed bat Myotis thysanodes in Canada. COSEWIC Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada Ottawa. 26 pp.

Cryan, P.M. 2003. Seasonal distribution of migratory tree bats (Lasiurus and Lasionycteris) in North America. Journal of Mammalogy 84:579-593.

Dewey, T. 2006. Systematics and Phylogeography of North American Myotis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

Firman, M.C. 1999. Townsend’s big-eared bat (Plecotus townsendii) in the East Kootenay. Report prepared for: Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program, Invermere BC.

Haney, A. and M.J. Sarell. 2002. Revelstoke Community Forest Corporation, TFL 56 Northern Long-Eared Bat Inventory. Unpublished report prepared for Revelstoke Community Forest Corporation.

Hill, T.J., M.J. Sarell, A.K. Reid, J.C. Gwilliam and R. Clarke. 2004. West Kootenay Townsend’s Big-eared bat progress report. 2004. Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program, Nelson BC.

Hill, T.J., R. Clarke, and P. Stent. 2007. West Kootenay Fringed Myotis Project. Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program – Columbia Basin, Nelson BC.

Holloway, G.L., and R.M.R. Barclay. 2000. Importance of prairie riparian zones to bats in southeastern Alberta. Ecoscience 7:115–122.

Holroyd, S.L. 1993. Inventory and habitat assessment of bats in the Mica Wildlife Compensation Area: 1993 Summary Report. Prepared for BC Hydro, Vancouver, BC and BC Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks. 96 pp.

IWMS. 2004. Identified Wildlife Management Strategy. Ministry of Environment, Environmental Stewardship Division.

Lausen, C.L. 2005. Appendix 4: Tissue sampling protocol for genetic study of bats. In: Vonhof, M. 2002. Handbook of Inventory Methods and Standard Protocols for Surveying Bats in Alberta. Fisheries and Wildlife Management Branch, Alberta Environment. Updated by Alberta Sustainable Resource Development and Alberta Bat Action Team 2004, Edmonton, AB.

Kellner, M. and S. Rasheed. 2002. Campbell River bat project: inventory and habitat assessment. BC Hydro Bridge-Coastal Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program. 56 pp.

McCain. C.M. 2007. Could temperature and water availability drive elevational species richness patterns? Global Ecology and Biogeography 16: 1 – 13.

Menzel, M. A., S. F. Owen, W. M. Ford, J. W. Edwards, P. B. Wood, Brian R. Chapman, and K. V. Miller. 2002. Roost tree selection by northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) maternity colonies in an industrial forest of the central Appalachian mountains. Forest Ecology and Management 155: 107-114.

Murray, K.L., E.R. Britzke, and L.W. Robbins. 2001. Variation in search phase calls of bats. Journal of Mammalogy 82: 728 – 737.

Nagorsen, D.W. 2002. An identification manual to the small mammals of British Columbia Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management, Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection and Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria. 153 pp.

Nagorsen, D.W., A.A. Bryant, D. Kerridge, G. Roberts, A. Roberts, and M.J. Sarell. 1993. Winter bat records for British Columbia. Northwestern Naturalist 74: 61-66.Nagorsen, D.W. and R.M. Brigham. 1993. Bats of British Columbia. Royal British Columbia Museum . UBC Press, Vancouver.

Sarell, M.J. and A. Haney. 2000. South Okanagan rare bat inventory 2000: Spotted Bat, Pallid Bat and Western Red Bat. Unpub. report prepared for BC Environment, Penticton and the Habitat Conservation Trust Fund, Victoria, BC.

Solick, D.I. 2004. Differences in the morphology and behaviour of western long-eared bats (Myotis evotis) within and between environments. MSc. thesis. University of Calgary, Calgary, AB.Szewczak, J.M. 2000. A tethered zip-line arrangement for reliably collecting bat echolocation reference calls. Bat Research News, 41:142.

Szewczak, J. 2004. Sonobat 2.6. www.sonobat.comSzewczak, J. 2009. Sonobat 3.0. www.sonobat.com

Thomas, D.W., G.P. Bell, and M.B. Fenton. 1987. Variation in echolocation call frequencies recorded from North American vespertilionid bats: a cautionary. Journal of Mammalogy 68: 842-847.

US Fish and Wildlife Service, Northeast Region. 2009. White Nose Syndrome in bats. Accessible: http://www.fws.gov/northeast/white_nose.html

van Zyll de Jong, C.G., and D.W. Nagorsen. 1994. A review of the distribution and taxonomy of Myotis keenii and Myotis evotis in British Columbia and the adjacent United States. Canadian Journal of Zoology 72:1069-1078.

Vonhof, M.J., and R.M.R. Barclay. 1996. Roost-site selection and roosting ecology of forest-dwelling bats in southern British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology 74:1797-1805.

Vonhof, M.J., and J.C. Gwilliam. 2000. A summary of bat research in the Pend d'Oreille Valley in southern British Columbia. Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program, Nelson. 104 pp.

Weller, T.J., and C.J. Zabel. 2001. Characteristics of fringed myotis day roosts in northern California. Journal of Wildlife Management 65:489-497.

Vonhof, M. J., S. McNalley, and A. Yu. 1997. Roosting habitat requirements of northern long-eared bats (Myotis septentrionalis) in Northeastern British Columbia: the Fort Nelson River and Highway 77 area. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Fort St. John, B.C. 64 pp.

Zinck, J.M., D.A. Duffield, and P.C. Ormsbee. 2004. Primers for identification and polymorphism assessment of Vespertilionid bats in the Pacific Northwest. Mol. Ecol. Notes 4: 239-242.

Appendix I. Site data information. All UTMs are in zone 11U. Temperatures at the start of the night (Start Temp) and end of the mistnetting session (Stop Temp) are in degrees Celsius.

Site Name Description

of Site UTM X UTM Y Elev. (m)

2009 Date

Type of Sampling

Weather/ Moon conditions (or other notes)

Start Temp

Stop Temp

Duncan-Lardeau Flats trail 502686 5560006 548 July 4 capture

breezy at times; part cloud; nearly full moon 28.5 17

Gillian's Cottonwood Gallery trail 504293 5559287 544 July 5

capture + acoustic (Anabat) calm; clear; full moon by 22:30 24 15.5

Meadow Cr. Spawning Channel trail 500099 5566798 583 July 6


clear; calm, but poured rain all day; cool 17.5 11

Block Rd trail 502295 5563818 554 July 7 capture

rained much of day but stopped by emergence; overcast so full moon not showing 15.5 10

Coot Lake lake trail 493925 5614455 730 July 8 capture overcast; light rain all night starting 22:20 17 12

Duncan River Old Growth Ponds

Old Growth Cedar Hemlock stand 496409 5609579 595 July 9 capture

rained hard right at emergence, and then again at 0:30. Light rain in between. 17 14

Allen Marlow Old Growth

Old Growth Cedar Hemlock stand 453587 5615183 773 July 10


clear, 7/8 moon waning Other Notes: Northern Myotis captured here and radiotracked to snag; acoustic was on lake shore 17.5 12.5

Allen Marlow North Side

Partial old growth cedar stand 453826 5615376 829 July 12 capture

nice! (yet no captures!?); second roost of Northern Myotis located here 20 17.5



2009 Date

Type of Sampling


Start Temp

Stop Temp

Allen Marlow Old Growth creek creek 453587 5615183 773 July 13

capture + acoustic (Pettersson) nice

Allen Marlow Old Growth shore lake shore 453587 5615183 773 July 14 capture windy night! 17 13.5

Joe Ricketts trail 452533 5615400 762 July 15 capture

calm; overcast, warm; lots of no-seeums -- truly lovely and we were in valley bottom on great trail in trees, yet no captures!? 25.5 13.5

Summit Lk trail 454615 5556005 765 July 16 capture calm, warm, clear 28.5 14.5

Summit Lk 2 trail 453733 5556424 767 July 17 capture calm, warm, clear 30 19

Bonanza Marsh

Wetlands at end of lake 466532 5548796 541 July 17

acoustic (Pettersson)

Queen Victoria Mine mine 467441 5482417 878

July 18, 19


temps are for 18th only; not recorded 19th, but equally as nice 30.5 16.5

Mt Thompson Mine mine 541526 5439385 937

July 20, 23


on the 20th nice weather; 23rd huge electrical storm

Tony Tzakis heritage home

Townsend’s Bat Roost 534804 5440827 586 July 21

observed bats in roost

Other Notes: roost located via radiotelemetry; evidence of bats in attic, but clusters of females with pups found in basement

Creston Valley Dyke trail 530466 5440656 540 July 21 capture hot, clear, calm 27.5 14.5



2009 Date

Type of Sampling


Start Temp

Stop Temp

Transformer Mine mine 530607 5449333 585 July 22


Other Notes: netted on 22 July but also checked mine for night roosting bats at 1:30 on 25 July

Pedro Naturals cave 525308 5458162 544

July 22, 24, 30


Foster Mine short adit 534732 5444320 842 July 24


okay weather; muggy overcast with chance of thunderstorms that never materialized

CVWMA cabins by office

acoustics outside cabin with shower on end where bats roost July 24

acoustic (Pettersson)

CVWMA Summit CK Campground trail 526286 544301 538 July 25 capture

poured at 6 pm then cleared and was calm. Vegetation very wet. 21 18

Baptiste Mine short adit 538963 5438158 660 July 25

capture (by hand)

Goat River Aspen Mine 1 mine 544264 5444720 938 July 27


started partial cloud but within 1 hour of emergence lightning storm and strong wind so had to shut down 28 21.5

Goat River Aspen Mine 2 mine 544337 5444653 874 July 28 capture 21 15.5

Yakan Nuki trail 534657 5431246 542 July 29 capture clear, warm, light intermittent breeze 25 15



2009 Date

Type of Sampling


Start Temp

Stop Temp

Railway Bridge trail 525605 5456745 540 July 30 capture

started out cloudy but hot and calm. At 23:30 rainstorm moved in - super strong wind and poured rain, lightning (but moths were still flying!)

Duck Lake fishing spot 524677 5453362 533 July 25,

31

capture (31 Jul) and acoustic (Anabat; 25 Jul) clear, calm, warm 27.5 19

Duck Lake North of bat barn

acoustics in flyway by dyke 526848 5449527 537

July 26 - 29

acoustic (Anabat)

Gord & Brenda Deck pig barn

Townsend’s Bat Roost 537012 5430036 627 Aug. 1

observed bats in roost

Other Notes: roost located via radiotelemetry; bats observed and photographed in barn

Appendix II. Mistnetting effort at each site. In some cases multiple sites were sampled in one night (e.g. mines), and some sites were sampled more than one night. Total area of netting (m2) is presented along with the total number of nets deployed (nets vary in length from 1.3 – 15 m and in height from 2.6 – 5.2 m). Poles used to string mistnets in flight paths varied from ~3 to ~6 m in height.

Site Date Total area of net used

(m2) Number of nets

deployed Duration of time nets

were open (h) Duncan-Lardeau Flats July 4 174 9 5.4 Gillian's Cottonwood Gallery July 5 118 9 5.8 Meadow Cr. Spawning Channel July 6 137 7 4.3 Block Rd July 7 100 8 6.0 Coot Lake July 8 150 9 4.0 Duncan River Old Growth Ponds July 9 113 6 2.0 Allen Marlow Old Growth July 10 176 9 5.5 Allen Marlow North Side July 12 148 9 4.8 Allen Marlow Old Growth creek July 13 31 1 1.8 Allen Marlow Old Growth shore July 14 156 9 2.8 Joe Ricketts July 15 128 9 5.0 Summit Lk 1 July 16 83 7 6.5 Summit Lk 2 July 17 72 6 2.7 Queen Victoria Mine July 18 51 3 5.7 Queen Victoria Mine July 19 39 2 not recorded Mt. Thompson Mine July 20 and 23 6.8 1 -- Creston Valley Dyke July 21 225 9 7.3 Transformer Mine July 22 6.8 1 -- Pedro Naturals July 22, 24 and 30 7.8 1 -- Foster Mine July 24 6.8 1 -- CVWMA July 25 84 7 3.3 Goat River Aspen Mines 1 July 27 7.8 2 1.3 Goat River Aspen Mines 2 July 28 7.8 2 5.5 Yakan Nuki July 29 120 8 7.2 Railway Bridge July 30 81 5 3.0 Duck Lake July 31 98 5 6.7

Appendix III. Maps of some mistnetting locations.

Appendix IV. Reproductive, sex and age details of captures.

Site Name 2009 Date

Capture numbers Scientific Name Adult

males Repro males

Repro not

recorded Adult

females Repro

females Repro

not recorded

Volant juvs

Adult sex

unknownDuncan-Lardeau Flats July 4 7

Corynorhinus townsendii 1 1 0 6 4 0 0 0

6 Myotis californicus 3 0 0 2 2 0 1 0 1 Myotis evotis 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 Myotis volans 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0

16 4 1 0 11 6 0 1 0 Gillian's Cottonwood Gallery July 5 8

Corynorhinus townsendii 0 0 0 7 7 0 1

15 Myotis californicus 9 0 0 6 5 0 0 0 1 Myotis evotis 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 24 9 0 0 14 12 0 0 1 Meadow Cr. Spawning Channel July 6 3 Myotis californicus 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Myotis lucifugus 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 1 Myotis volans 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 Myotis yumanensis 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 8 3 0 0 5 2 0 0 0

Block Rd July 7 1 Corynorhinus townsendii 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0

29 Myotis californicus 14 0 0 15 11 0 0 0

2 Myotis lucifugus or yumanensis 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0

1 Myotis volans 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 33 14 0 0 19 15 0 0 0

Coot Lk July 8 1 Lasionycteris noctivagans 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 Myotis californicus 3 0 0 5 3 0 0 0 1 Myotis evotis 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

Site Name 2009 Date


males Repro males

Repro not

recorded Adult

females Repro

females Repro

not recorded

Volant juvs

Adult sex

unknown


1 Myotis volans 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 19 9 0 0 10 5 0 0 0 Duncan River Old Growth Ponds July 9 1 Myotis californicus 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 Allen Marlow Old Growth July 10 3 Myotis californicus 0 0 0 3 3 0 0 0 13 Myotis lucifugus 7 0 0 2 2 0 4 0

1 Myotis septentrionalis 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

2 Myotis volans 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 19 8 0 0 7 5 0 4 0 Allan Marlow Old Growth Creek July 13 1 Myotis californicus 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 17 Myotis lucifugus 5 0 0 8 5 1 4 0


19 6 1 0 9 6 1 4 0 Allan Marlow Old Growth Shore July 14 3 Myotis californicus 0 0 0 3 2 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Summit Lk July 16 2 Myotis californicus 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Myotis evotis 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 0


54 22 9 0 29 16 0 2 1 Summit Lk 2 July 17 1 Myotis evotis 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0


9 5 2 0 4 3 0 0 0

Site Name 2009 Date


males Repro males

Repro not

recorded Adult

females Repro

females Repro

not recorded

Volant juvs

Adult sex

unknownQueen Victoria Mine July 18 5


12 Lasionycteris noctivagans 11 10 0 1 1 0 0 0

6 Myotis californicus 6 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 Myotis evotis 0 0 0 7 4 0 0 0 9 Myotis lucifugus 9 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Myotis volans 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 32 22 0 8 5 0 0 0

Mt Thompson Mine July 20 3 Corynorhinus townsendii 2 2 0 1 1 0 0 0

2 Myotis evotis 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 4 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 Creston Valley Dyke July 21 1


1 Myotis californicus 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 3 Myotis evotis 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 14 Myotis lucifugus 10 4 3 4 3 0 0 0


2 Myotis volans 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 3 Myotis yumanensis 2 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 28 15 5 6 11 7 0 2 0

Pedro Naturals July 22 11 Myotis lucifugus or yumanensis 2 0 1 9 4 0 0 0

11 2 0 1 9 4 0 0 0

Transformer Mine July 22 4 Corynorhinus townsendii 1 1 0 3 3 0 0 0


2 Myotis volans 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 12 3 1 1 9 8 0 0 0

Site Name 2009 Date


males Repro males

Repro not

recorded Adult

females Repro

females Repro

not recorded

Volant juvs

Adult sex

unknown

Pedro Naturals July 24 1 Corynorhinus townsendii 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

1 Myotis volans 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 Baptiste Mine July 25 1 Myotis volans 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Goat River Aspen Mines 1 July 27 10 Myotis evotis 0 0 0 10 7 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 10 7 0 0 0 Goat River Aspen Mines 2 July 28 5 Myotis evotis 1 1 0 4 2 0 0 0 1 Myotis volans 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 2 2 0 4 2 0 0 0

Yakan Nuki July 29 1 Corynorhinus townsendii 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0

2 Eptesicus fuscus 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 33 Myotis californicus 28 1 27 5 3 0 0 0 3 Myotis evotis 2 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 Myotis lucifugus 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0


2 Myotis volans 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 52 39 3 34 12 6 0 0 1

Railway Bridge July 30 4 Corynorhinus townsendii 1 1 0 3 1 0 0 0

2 Myotis californicus 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 4 Myotis lucifugus 2 0 2 2 2 0 0 0


27 10 1 8 17 14 0 0 0 Duck Lake July 31 1 Myotis lucifugus 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0

Site Name 2009 Date


males Repro males

Repro not

recorded Adult

females Repro

females Repro

not recorded

Volant juvs

Adult sex

unknown


16 4 0 4 9 5 1 0 3 TOTAL 415

Appendix V. Passive acoustic results. Table A are data from a Pettersson detector and Table B are from an Anabat. The Pettersson detector did not record full nights, whereas Anabat did. See Table C for acoustic categories defined.

A. LOCATION DATE

Coto

Epfu

Epfu/ Lano

high freq

Laci

Laci/ Epfu

Lano

Lano/ Laci Myca

Myev Mylu

Mylu/Red

Myotis

Myse/Myev

Myth

Myvo Myyu

Myyu/Myca

Red Bat

Un.Bat Total

ALLAN MARLOW'S CREEK 13‐Jul 1 2 18 2 18 24 3 10 1 79 BONANZA MARSH 17‐Jul 2 1 15 1 16 2 10 2 15 12 1 77 QUEEN VICTORIA MINE 19‐Jul 5 1 3 9 MT THOMSPON MINE 20‐Jul 2 3 2 1 8 TRANSFORMER MINE 22‐Jul 2 1 1 1 22 7 40 1 27 1 5 1 1 110

PEDRO NATURALS

22, 24, 30 July 1 2 5 8

FOSTER MINE

23 and 24 July 3 2 2 1 1 3 2 14

CABIN ROOST CVWMA 24‐Jul 1 4 2 2 1 1 2 1 131 6 30 2 38 4 57 36 3 321 GOAT RIVER MINES 28‐Jul 1 2 4 1 7 1 1 1 18

Grand Total 3 15 4 5 6 2 9 2 190 30 115 5 105 1 1 14 83 50 1 3 644

B. LOCATION DATE

40 kHz Myotis

Epfu/Lano

high freq Laci Lano

low freq Myev Mylu

Mylu/Red Myotis Myth

Myth/Laci

Myyu/Myca

Red Bat

Un. Bat

Grand Total

WATER NEAR GILLIAN'S COTTOWNWOODS 05‐Jul‐ 127 82 13 13 4 4 1056 33 1332 MEADOW CREEK SPAWNING CHANNEL 06‐Jul‐ 3 9 2 561 3 578 ALLAN MARLOW'S STAUBERT LK SHORE 10‐Jul‐ 1 1 303 2 307 DUCK LAKE 1 (FISHING ACCESS) 25‐Jul‐ 34 4 34 38 21 1 4 16 2 30 115 299 DUCK LAKE 2 (NORTH OF BAT BARN IN DYKE)

26 ‐ 29 July 864 77 54 27 2 1 266 1 322 28 1642

Grand Total 1028 95 112 105 14 54 5 2 5 2202 2 31 473 2 28 4158

C. Acoustic Category Definition Coto Townsend's Big Eared Bat Epfu Big Brown Bat Epfu/Lano Big Brown/Silverhaired high freq High Frequency Bat Laci Hoary Bat Laci/Epfu Hoary Bat/Big Brown Lano Silverhaired Bat Lano/Laci Silverhaired Bat/Hoary Bat low freq Low Frequency Bat Myca California Myotis Myyu/Myca Yuma Myotis/California Myotis Myyu Yuma Myotis Myci Western Small‐footed Myotis Myev Long‐eared Myotis Mylu Little Brown Myotis Mylu/Red Little Brown Myotis/Red Bat Red Bat Red Bat Myotis Unidentifieid Myotis species Myse/Myev Northern Myotis/Long‐eared Myotis Myth Fringed Myotis Myth/Laci Fringed Myotis/Hoary Bat Myvo Long‐legged Myotis

Un. Bat Unknown Bat

Appendix VI. Photo of old growth habitat at Staubert Lake (near Trout Lake) where M. septentrionalis was captured, and where, via radiotracking, was found to roost and forage. Cori Lausen in forefront for scale.

Documents

report draft Col Basin summer09 3 March 2010 no COTO rsts...nonreproductive or scrotal) were recorded. Each capture was assigned a unique specimen number and specimen numbers were