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Invasive Alien Plantsin Asia
- Status and Control -15:30-15:45, December 14, 2006,
NIAES Symposium, JapanDr. Yoshiharu FUJII
Invasive Alien Species Research Project, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences
Report for Workshop 1
CooperativeWork in
Monsoon AsiaMonsoon Asia Agro-Environmental Research Consortium (MARCO)by Dr. Yohei SATO，NIAES 12, Dec, 2006
MARCO
2nd day (Dec 13, Wed) 9:30-14:30 ２）Invasive alien species in insular South Asia.
Prof. Buddhi MARAMBE (Sri Lanka)・・・・・・ ９：３０～１０：００
３）Invasive alien plant in tropical Asia, Case study in Thailand.Dr. Siriporn ZUNGSONTIPORN (Thailand)・ １０：００～１０：３０
４）Invasive aquatic weed, Alternanthera philoxeroides in China.Dr. Liuqing YU (China)・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ １１：００～１１：３０
８）Impacts of alien invasive species on native biodiversity:Dr. Tran TRIET (VietNam)・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ １４：００～１４：３０
１ｓｔ day (Dec 12, Tue) 15:30-16:20 S-4） Effect of global warming on invasion of alien plants in Asia. Prof. Kathir RM. KATHIRESAN (India)
Presentation by International Scientists
3 Sino-Japan Flora日華区系
17 Indo Floraインド区系
19 Malayan Floraマレー群島区系
18 South-East Asia Flora東南アジア区系
Flora of Monsoon Asia
Dr. RM. KathiresanProfessor of AgronomyFaculty of Agriculture,Annamalai University,
India
S-4） Effect of global warming onInvasion of alien plants in Asia.
Prof. Kathiresan presented a keynote paperabout the effect of global warming on invasionof alien plants in Asia
3 Sino-Japan Flora
17 Indo Flora
19 Malayan Flora
Invasion to the North
18 South-East Asia Flora
Allelopathic and Toxic
Marsilea quadrifoliaデンジソウ（日本では絶滅危惧種）
Parthenium hysterophorusProsopis Juliflora
Serious Weed
Resistant to Herbicide（grass killer）
Serious Weed
W-1-４） Invasive aquatic weed, Alternanthera philoxeroides in China.
Dr. Liuqing YUChina National
Rice Research Institute浙江省杭州市(Hang Zhou)
Nagae-tsuru-nogeitou(jp)日本では特定外来生物指定
Status in China and Control Method
Serious weed in China just invaded into Japan
W-1-3） Invasive alien plant in tropical Asia, Case study in Thailand.
Dr. SiripornZUNGSONTIPORN
(Thailand)
Ornamental Plant becomes Noxious Weed in Thailand
Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms
Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms
ホテイアオイ
事例１
Dollar weedHydrocotyle umbellata L.
Dollar weedHydrocotyle umbellata L.
ブラジルチドメグサ（特定外来生物）の近縁種（未判定外来生物）
ダラーウイード（１ドル草）
事例３
(M. aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc.)Syn. Myriophyllum brasiliensis Camb.
(M. aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc.)Syn. Myriophyllum brasiliensis Camb.
オオフサモ
日本でも特定外来生物に指定ずみ
事例４
(Bidens alba var. radiata or Bidens pilosa var.radiata)(Bidens alba var. radiata or Bidens pilosa var.radiata)
タチアワユキセンダングサ
事例５
These plants become weeds because they have special character which make them compete over other plants:These plants become weeds because they have special character which make them compete over other plants:
- easy to propagate
- fast growing
- tolerance to various conditions (good adaptation)
- alleopathy
- no natural enemy in the area
- attractive to human
容易に増殖する
成長速度が速い
不良環境に強い
アレロパシー活性が強い
天敵がいない
美しく人に好かれる
W-1-2） Invasive alien species in insular South Asia.
Prof. BuddhiMARAMBE (Sri Lanka)
President of APWSS(Asian Pacific Weed
Science Society)
Human beign might be the worst Invasive species…
Control of Invasive Alien Flora
• Biological Control Strategies
Cyrtobagus salviniae
Prosopis juliflora Myroxylon balsamum
Panicum maximum Leucaena leucocephala
Salvinia molesta Pistia stratiotes
Lantana camara Mimosa pigra
“First they ignore you…
TIME’s Person of the Century: Runner-Up
The Future
Then they laugh at you…
Then they fight you…
Then you win.”
M.K. Gandhi
W-1-8） Impacts of alien invasive species on native biodiversity
Dr. Tran TRIET(VietNam)
Effect of Mimosa pigraon Crane in National Park
Common Problemin Mekong Delta
Impacts of Mimosa pigra on wetland biodiversity: A case study in Tram Chim National Park,
Dong Thap Province, Vietnam
Eastern Sarus crane 469
6148 898216734
68
497
365
1052
814741
665
159113
302271
631
503
511
0
200
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1200
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
Hig
hest
num
ber o
f cra
nes
obse
rved
Number of cranes visiting Tram Chim 1986 - 2006
National Project in Japan
• from FY2005 to 2008, 1.8 million $ / yearLeader Dr. Fujii, 25 Themes, 32 Scientists
Risk Assessment of Alien Plants and their Control in the Field
1) Over view of the ProjectDr. Yoshiharu FUJII (NIAES)・・・・・・・・ ９：００～９：３０
５）Invasive aquatic plants in JapanProf. Yoko OKI (Japan) ・・・・・・・・・・・・・ １１：３０～１２：００
６）Soil environmental factors affecting growth of invasive alien plants Dr. Syuntaro HIRADATE (Japan)・・・・・ １３：００～１３：３０
７）Does biodiversity in Japan protect new invasion ?Dr. Hiroaki IKEDA (Japan）・・・・・・・・・・・ １３：３０～１４：００
９）Identification of invasive genotypes in Lolium multiflorumDr. Kentaro IKEDA (Japan) ・・・・・・・・・・ １４：３０～１５：００
１０）Towards a weed risk assessment model for JapanDr. Tomoko NISHIDA (Japan)・・・・・・・・ １５：３０～１６：００
General Discussion ･････・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ １６：００～１７：００
Selected Results of Japanese Project
W-1-5） Invasive aquatic plants in Japan
Prof. Yoko OKI (Japan)
Aquatic plants is the most noxious ….
ClonalClonal differences ofdifferences of Pistia stratiotes L.: var. cuneata, var. spatulata, var.obcordata, var. linguiformis
Compact type（Botan-ukikusa) Loose type（Water lettuce)
Asia Africa, America
W-1-6） Soil Environmental Factors Affecting Growth of Invasive Alien Plants
Dr. SyuntaroHIRADATE
(Japan)
The Importance of JapaneseEndemic Soil (acidic, Al)
Volcanic ash deposition (5cm)
wind
Aeolian Dustfrom China
(Gobi desert)
• We have many active volcanoes (▲)Devastating eruption occurs every 1,000 yThe pyroclastic materials are the parent materials of many Japanese soils (Volcanic ash soils, Andisols, Andosols, 30% in Japan, 0.7% in the world)
• We have aeolian dust from Gobi desert, (China)slow deposition rate (0.36-2.29 cm 1000 y-1) but it is continuous
• We have much rainfall (soils are acidic)1200 – 2500 mm y-1 :weathering accelerator
Special soil forming factors generate special soils
Dr. Hiroaki IKEDA(Japan）
A 10-year experiment of an old-field succession in Japan
W-1-7） Does biodiversity in Japan protect against new invasion ?
The biodiversity-invasibility hypothesiswas not supported
1998 （4th year） 2004 （10th year）
Tall goldenrod (Solidagoaltissima : invader from North America) dominate
Kudzu (Pueraria lobata)(Japanese native plant)become dominant
Dr. KentaroIKEDA (Japan)
DNA comparison between invasive population and source population candidates
Microsattelite marker
W-1-9） Identification of invasive genotypes in Lolium multiflorum
Results and Discussion: perennial pastures infested by L. multiflorumHypothesis development
• Distribution pattern of populations in a small area– Most of isolated pasturess were infested by L. multiflorum -
» Accidental introduction from common source?
1km1km
Dr. Tomoko NISHIDA
(Japan)
She is now making Japanese
type of Weed Risk Assessment
W-1-10） Towards a weed risk assessment model for Japan
Commentators：
Prof. John A. SILANDER (Univ. Connecticut, USA), Prof. Tetsukazu YAHARA (Kyusyu Univ, Japan)
Prof. SILANDERUniv. Conneticut(USA)
Prof. YAHARAKyusyu Univ.(Japan)
Many Comments:
1) Importance of Allelopathy, make weights for factors…
2) International cooperation also between USA and Monsoon Asia
Meeting for Invasive Alien Plantsat 20th APWSS (Vietnam), 08 Dec, 2005
Dr. MarambeDr. Labrada
(FAO)
Dr. KathiresanDr. YuDr. Fujii
36 Scientists from 13 countries
Dr. Marambe will organize 21st
APWSS in Sri Lanka, Oct. 2007
New Proposal for the Researchof Invasive Alien Plants
in Monsoon Asia
1) AA Science Platform Program (max 50,000 $ / year)
2) Asian CORE Program (max 200,000$/year)
Center of Research and Education
10/92 (2005) 5/62 (2006)
JSPS
Need matching Fund(Government fund or Own fund OK)
No Need for matching FundWith several countries
6/57 (2005) 3/47 (2006)
accepted/applied
Just submitted : Oct, 2006
（From Kondo, 2003 revised)
1;China, Japan2; India, SriLanka, Pakistan 3; Thai, Vietnam, 4; Indonesia, Philippines
Estimated Original Vegetation
Member Countries of MARCO Consortium
Risk Assessment of Invasive Alien Plants and Eradication of Problem Species in Asia
China: National Rice Res Inst (CNRRI).(Dr. Yu),India: Annamalai University (Prof. Kathiresan) Japan: NIAES (Dr. Fujii), + Universities, Nat’l Inst)Pakistan: AAUR (Prof. Iqbal), KU (Dr. Shinwari)Sri-Lanka: University of Peradeniya (Prof. Marambe)Thailand: DOA (Dr. Siriporn), CU (Dr. Warinthorn), Vietnam: VNU (Dr. Tran), DOA (Dr. Doung)
Alphabetical order Member of Consortium today, Need more from Malayan region
Invasion of Alien Species
HydrocotyleHydrocotyleranumculoidesranumculoides
is an International Problem
SolidagoSolidago altissimaaltissima
Pistia stratiotesPistia stratiotes var.var.cuneatacuneata
PuerariaPueraria lobatalobata (Kudzu)(Kudzu)
North America
South America
Japan
Africa
MARCO
ReynoutriaReynoutria japonica japonica ((ItadoriItadori))
Europe
Monsoon Asia
