Report from: the High Intensity Stable Beam Working GroupHISB-WG

Marie-Helene Moscatello (GANIL)Annamaria Porcellato (Legnaro)

Uli Ratzinger (GSI)

Faical Azaiez (IPN-Orsay)Giacomo DeAngelis (Legnaro)

Sigurd Hofmann (GSI)Rolf-Dietmar Herzberg (Liverpool)

Rauno Julin (JYFL)

ECOS: European COnsortium of Stable (beams)

1st meeting june 2004 in Paris: Work distribution

Beam intensity limitations and technical developments for various types of research lines!

N=Z nuclei (in–beam spectroscopy and decay studies) : DeAngelisSHE search : HofmannSuper heavy nuclei (in-beam spectroscopy and decay studies) : HerzbergNeutron-deficient nuclei (in-beam spectroscopy and decay studies) : JulinExotic shapes and decay modes in nuclei : AzaiezNeutron rich nuclei using DIC reactions : Azaiez & DeAngelis

Status and future developments of existing facilities

LEGNARO : PorcellatoGANIL : MoscatelloGSI : Hofmann&Ratzinger JYVASKYLA : Julin

2nd meeting Oct 2004 in Legnaro : Discussion of the work progress

Report on physics and Experiment issues:

identified two categories of experiments:

Categories 1: ‘Studies at the target’ Beam intensity limitations due to electronics and data acquisition up to 100pnA

Categories 2: ‘Studies at the focal plan’Beam intensity limitations due to target technology up to 10pA

Report on the status and future developments of existing facilities

-JYVASKYLA : Julin

-LEGNARO : Porcellato-GANIL : Moscatello

-GSI : Hofmann&Ratzinger

JYFL-Jyväskylä K=130 AVF Cyclotron

nucleonMeV/ 1302

A

Q

A

E

JYFL Ion Sources

6.4 GHz ECR14 GHz ECR

Multicusp H- source

A relatively new machine

Beam users in 2003 (total hours)

38.7 %

2.2 %3.8 % 17.0 %

0.6 %4.6 %

0.0 %

3.5 %

17.2 %

6.5 %

0.0 %

2.7 %

0.0 %

3.2 %

0.0 %

APPLIED/RADEF

BEAM DEVELOPING

HENDES/E-CAVE

GAMMA

APPLIED/IGISOL

HENDES

HIP/RADEF

IGISOL

JUROGAM

LSC

MAP

RADEF

RITU

IRRADIATION/IGISOL

RITU/SACRED

Mainly for nuclear structure physics

JYFL-Jyväskylä

JYFL-Jyväskylä

Beams - E > 5 MeV /nucleonHeavy and light ions available

>1pμA p, He, B, C, N, O, Ar

>100 pnA F, Ne, Mg, Al, Si, S, Cl, Ca, Fe, Cr, Ni,Cu, Zn, Kr

>10 pnA Ti, Mn, Ge, Sr, Zr, Ru, Xe

ECR developments for intensity upgrade:-Collaboration with ANL Argonne, EURONS – JRA- ISIBHI-New MIVOC compound for Titanium, Two-frequency ECR ion source-New magnetic multipole structure for better confinement of the ECR plasma

Tandem+ALPI and the PIAVE-Injector

SCBooster

ALPI

XTU-Tandem

Positive Ion InjectorPIAVE

ECRIS Alice350kV platform

Reliable

Under Commissioning

Upgraded

EX. Halls 1 and 2

EX

. Hall 3

LEGNARO

Present ALPI output energy –Tandem injector

Tandem 15 MV; F,F1998 : 11 Pb/Cu cryostats2003: 13 Nb/Cu cryostats

ALPI

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

AAL

PI o

utp

ut

[MeV

/u]

ALPI Dec 1998

ALPI 2003 (low beta not included)

ALPI 2003 (low beta included)

12C6+ 28Si11+ 40Ca14+ 63Cu17+

16O7+ 32S12+ 58Ni17+ 79Br18+ 90Zr19+ 127I 21+

LEGNARO

Near future switching from a Tandem to a q+ injector (PIAVE)

ALPI Output with the two Injectors

0

10

20

30

0 50 100 150 200 250A

E/A

[M

eV

/u]

Tandem+ALPI (G-F) (1-10 pnA)

PIAVE+ALPI (40-200 pnA)

New Injector

Tandem injector

• MORE CURRENT

• HEAVIER MASSES

• MORE BEAM TIME AVAILABLE (TWO INJECTORS)

LEGNARO

Energy output PIAVE injection, 2004 ALPI

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

0 50 100 150 200 250A

MeV/u

High current

High energy

12C5+ 16O6+

14N5+ 40Ar8+ 58Ni11+ 84Kr12+ 120Sn16+ 132Xe17+ 181Ta 24+ 197Au26+ 208Pb25+ 238U28+

12C5+ 16O7+

14N6+ 40Ar14+ 58Ni17+ 84Kr18+ 120Sn19+ 132Xe27+ 181Ta 24+ 197Au29+ 208Pb25+ 238U31+

12

ALPI - 12 low resonators operating at 4.4 MV/m - 44 medium resonators operating at 4.4 MV/m - 8 high resonators operating at 5.5 MV/m

PIAVE: - 2 SRFQs at the design accelerating fields - 8 low resonators at 5 MV/m

LEGNARO

Present authorization limits

-For ions from Si to Pb: E < 20 MeV/u , I < -30 pnA on target -For ions from C to Al : E< 26 MeV/u , I<2 pnA on target

LEGNARO

Future:

With ion sources delivering 5 mA for typical beams, the 100pnAIntensity will be achieved for most of the accelerated ions!

Towards experimental areas

Available stable beams at Ganil

CSS1 beams: from 12C (4 to 13.5 A.MeV) to 238U (4 to 8 A.MeV) intensities: several pA for light ions and < 1 pA for A > 40 possibility of simultaneous beams in SME and HE experimental areas (using a stripper)

CIME beams: from He to Xe a few pnA between 2 and 25 A.MeV depending on q/A **** with a direct beam line (DBL) from CIME to the G1 and G2

GANILDBL

Ongoing R&D:Ion production methods: development of Ni, Ca, Ge…

Needed R&D:

If necessary, possibility of increasing the intensity of light ions, byadding a rebuncher at the entrance of the C01 injector cyclotron(the light ion intensity limitation is due to space charge effects near the cyclotron injection)

GANIL

Spiral2 project

Spiral2: q/A=1/3 ions 1mA (Ar) from 0.75 to 14.5 A.MeV able to accelerate 5mA D+ beam up to 20 A.MeV lower intensities avalaible (Cr, Ni,…) 2nd step: q/A=1/6 ions 1mA (Xe) from 0.75 to 6.5 MeV/A

GANIL

Spiral2 project

Associated R&D:The accelerator is based on almost known technology (normal conductingRFQ, quarter-wave SC cavities for the SC linac, the couplers have to bedeveloped for 10 to 20 kW/cavity (under design).The challenge is mainly the high intensity to be accelerated, without any losses

-during the construction phase, development of high intensity q/A=1/3 beams like Cr, Ni with the GTS source (ex. SBT/CEA source) at Ganil-during the APD and construction phase, development of a new source(APHOENIX) that will produce 1mA beams with A as high as possible

GANIL

0.5

0.75

1

1.25

1.5

1.75

2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

pa

rtic

le c

urr

en

t@7

0 Zn1

0+ [

pµA

]

IonSource

Transport line

IsotopeIon Source

[pµA]Experiment

[pµA]40Ca7+ 3.6 0.548Ca7+ 2.0 0.554Cr7+ 1.7 0.958Fe8+ 1.1 0.5

70Zn10+ 1.6 0.6

Particle Current in the GSI-Unilac (routine operation)

HLI Alvarez

GSI

3 versions of the UNILAC-upgrade at GSIGSI(I)GSI(II)GSI(III)

(recently submitted to an expert committee for evaluation)

New RFQ-structure:• gain of the duty factor• higher injection energy• increased acceptance

Additional 28 GHz-ion-source:• intensity gain of factor two• higher charge states for increased duty factor

LEBT – Laminated magnets:• redundance for ion sources• preparation for future pulse to pulse operation with different ion-species

50% duty factor intensity-gain factor x2

GSI(I)

New Front-end for the High Charge State Injector

U. Ratzinger: CW Linac – Room Temperature Part:

ECR14 GHz

1 m

High Charge State Injector HLI, GSI

HLI-RFQ

HLI-IH

Rebuilt of the HLI with small modifications :

• Improved mechanical design with respect to cooling, especially:• Cooling of the IH drift tubes.• Cooling of the RFQ mini vanes.• Improvement of longitudinal beam dynamics.

GSI(II)

• dc beam• 1 < A/q < 7• Ebeam: 4-7.5 MeV/u• Ebeam < 3keV/u

Intensity gain:

• Duty cycle 30%100% 3.5• 28 GHz ECR-source (sc) 2-10(?)• increased stability (65% 85)% 1.3• shorter shutdowns (107 d/y 47 d/y) 1.2

Total gain 11-55(?)

normalconducting

superconducting

superconducting

0 5 10 15 20

Z / m

Energy MeV/u

1.8 2.4 3.3 4.2 5.2 6.1 7.1

CH DTL, supercond.324 MHz 108 MHz

DebuncherIH DTL,108 MHz

1.40.30.003

25 30

RFQ,108 MHz

ECR source

QWR Cavities

GSI(III)

Project for a Superconducting CW-linacU. Ratzinger et al. University of Frankfurt

Next ECOS meeting will be held in Jyvaskyla on the 28 February and 1 of March 2005.

Discussion of conclusions and recommendations

A written report will be hopefully ready for the next NuPECC meeting( March in Debrecen)!