ReportfromtheSixthGreatLakesSt.LawrenceSeaway

BallastWaterCollaborativeMeetingDuluth,Minnesota

EPAMid‐ContinentEcologyDivision6201CongdonBlvd

Duluth,Minnesota55804August2‐3,2012

Preparedfor:TheGreatLakesSt.LawrenceSeawayBallastWaterCollaborativePreparedby: SharonMoen,UniversityofMinnesotaSeaGrantProgram, CommunicationsCoordinator,(218)726‐6195,smoen@umn.edu

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[Pageintentionallyleftblanktofacilitate2‐sideprinting]

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INTRODUCTION/CONTEXTApproximately85representativesfromtheshippingindustry,ballastwatertreatmenttechnologyindustry,stateandfederalgovernments,andacademiaattendedthetwo‐daymeetingoftheGreatLakesSt.LawrenceSeawayBallastWaterCollaborative(BWCorCollaborative)onAugust2‐3,2012.ThiswasthesixthmeetingoftheCollaborative,whichformedtofacilitatetheexchangeofinformationandcultivaterelationshipsamongacademia,theshippingindustry,policymakers,andotherstakeholders.ThegoaloftheBWCistomaintainacost‐effectivemodernshippingindustrywhilepreventinginvasivespeciesfromenteringNorthAmericanwaters,specificallythewatersoftheGreatLakesSt.LawrenceSeawaySystem.Thegoalsofthissixthmeetingwereto:

1.DevelopapracticalunderstandingoftheU.S.CoastGuard’s(USCG)“FinalRule‐StandardsforLivingOrganismsinShips'BallastWaterDischargedinU.S.Waters(BallastWaterDischargeStandard)1”,77FR17254,23Mar2012.2.DiscusstheFinalRule,itsprovisionsandquestions2surroundingitsimplementation.3.ProvideinformationtoassistGreatLakesstatesprepareforOctober1,2012,thedatebywhichtheirDraftState401CertificationConditionsareduetotheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)(anextensionoftheJuly2deadline).ThefinalEPA2013VesselGeneralPermit(VGP),whichwillincludeState401CertificationConditions,istargetedforpublicationinNovember20123.4.Continuediscussionsaboutballastwatermanagementsystem(BWMS)technology,research,andpolicies.

ThemeetingmarkedthefirsttimetheBWCgatheredsincetheUSCGreleaseditsFinalRule,whichestablisheslimitsfortheconcentrationoforganismsdischargedintoU.S.watersviaballastwater.NOTE:Toimprovetheflowofthisreport,itisorganizedsothatrelateddiscussionsaregrouped,ratherthanfollowingthemeeting’schronologicalagenda.Appendix2includesabbreviationsusedinthisreport.

111/30/2012<http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR‐2012‐03‐23/pdf/2012‐6579.pdf>211/30/2012<http://www.uscg.mil/hq/cg5/cg522/cg5224/bwm.asp>3OnNovember29,2012,theVGPpublicationdatewaspostponedfromNovember30,2012toMarch15,2013.

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THEMEETINGCraigMiddlebrook,ActingAdministratoroftheSaintLawrenceSeawayDevelopmentCorporation(SLSDC)startedthedaybythankingtheorganizersandhosts(seeOpeningRemarks,Appendix1).HenotedthattheworkdonebytheBWChashadapositiveeffectnotonlyaroundtheGreatLakes,butalsofartherafield.Hesaid,“Ithinkwhentheauthoritativecase‐studyiswritten…theroleoftheCollaborativewillberecognized.”MiddlebrookacknowledgedDaleBergeronandJeffGundersonoftheUniversityofMinnesotaSeaGrantProgramforhelpingtobuildtheCollaborative,andAllegraCangelosioftheNortheast‐MidwestInstituteforallowingparticipantstotourtheGreatShipsInitiative’s(GSI)facilityinSuperiorHarbor,theonlyexclusivelyfreshwaterballastwatertreatmenttestingfacilityintheworld.HealsosaidapublicfarewelltoDr.MarvourneenDolor,whomhecalled“TheIndispensableOne.”Dr.Dolor,aprimaryorganizerofBWCmeetingsfortheSLSDC,acceptedapositionwiththeGreatLakesObservationSysteminAnnArbor,Michigan.MarkBurrows,SecretaryoftheCouncilofGreatLakesResearchManagersfortheInternationalJointCommission(IJC)introducedDr.JenniferBoehme,aphysicalscientist(formallywiththeSmithsonianEnvironmentalResearchCenter)andnewestmemberoftheIJC’sGreatLakesRegionalOffice.HesaidthatthesigningofthenewGreatLakesWaterQualityAgreementis“imminent.”TherevisedagreementbetweenCanadaandtheU.S.includesanannexthataddressesballastwatermanagement.BurrowssaidthewordingreflectsBWCdiscussions;however,thedetailscannotbereleaseduntilbothcountriessigntheagreement.Middlebrook,whoservedasmoderator,listedthevariousballastwatermanagementactivitiesthathavegoneonsincethelastBWCmeetinginBaltimore,MD,inSeptember2011,including:

EPApublishedtheDraft2013NationalPollutantDischargeEliminationSystemVGP4onNovember30,2011.

USCGpublisheditsFinalRule–StandardsforLivingOrganismsinShips’BallastWaterDischargedinU.S.Waters1–onMarch23,2012.

Anumberofstatespublisheddraft401CertificationConditions. USCGpublishedInterimGuidanceforAcceptanceofAlternateManagementSystems

(AMS),AcceptanceofIndependentLaboratories(IL)andtype‐approvalofBWMSsonApril13,2012.

NSFInternationalreceivedapprovalfromtheUSCGasthefirstIL.Sub‐laboratoriesaretheMaritimeEnvironmentalResourceCenter(MERC)andGSI.

LakeCarrierscontinuetoadoptbestmanagementpractices(BMPs). BWMSdevelopersaremakingprogressonfreshwaterissues.

411/30/2012<http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/vessels/vgpermit.cfm>

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POLICYUPDATESInternationalMaritimeOrganizationChrisWileyfromTransportCanada,andChairoftheInternationalMaritimeOrganization(IMO)BallastWaterWorkingGroup,providedanupdateontheIMO’sprogressonballastwatermanagement.HereportedthattheIMOBallastWaterConvention5hasnotyetenteredintoforce.Enoughcountrieshaveratifiedit(35;a30‐countryminimumwasrequired),butcurrentratifyingcountriesonlyrepresents28percentoftheworld’stonnage.FortheConventiontocomeintoforce,35percentoftheworld’stonnagemustberepresented.Wileynotedthatthecurrenteconomicclimate(especiallyinEurope,wherethereisenoughtonnagetoreach35percent)ishinderingsomecountriesfromsigningtheConvention.Inaddition,banksareviewingBWMSsasaquestionablereturnoninvestmentatthistime(thisiscreatingafinancingissueforsomecarriers).TheIMOispushingfortheConventiontobefullyratifiedby2013andinforceby2014.WileyreportedontwoIMOmeetings:

MarineEnvironmentProtectionCommittee(MEPC),63rdsession6fromFebruary27toMarch2,2012.

Sub‐CommitteeonBulkLiquidsandGases(BLG):16thsession7fromJanuary30JanuarytoFebruary3,2012.

DuringtheMEPCsession,oneofthreeBWMSswaitingforbasicapprovalwasrejectedbecauseitdidnotgothroughG9(theprocedureforapprovalofBWMSsthatmakeuseofActiveSubstances).PartoftheMEPCdiscussionsfocusedontheG8Guidelines(theguidelinesforapprovalofballastwatermanagementsystems)andaddressedBWMSperformanceinlowsalinitiesandlowtemperaturesrepresentativeoftheGreatLakesaswellasthefactthattheG8onlyrequirestestingintwoofthreesalinities.DiscussionsaboutamendingtheG8willlikelyresumeatthenextMEPCmeetinginOctober2012.WileysaidthatoneGreatLakeschallengeisbeingaddressedbyasub‐committeetaskedwithaddressingprovisionsintheInternationalConventionforthePreventionofPollutionfromShips(MARPOL).IntheGreatLakes,vesseloperatorssometimesputsewageinballasttanksbecauseofsewagedischargeissues;thispracticecomplicatesballastwatermanagement.AttheSub‐CommitteeonBLGmeeting,state‐of‐the‐artballastwatersamplingandanalysisprocedureswerediscussed.Somecountriesdidnotthinktheexistingproceduresare

511/29/2012<http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Environment/BallastWaterManagement/Pages/BWMConvention.aspx>

611/29/2012<http://www.imo.org/mediacentre/secretarygeneral/secretary‐generalsspeechestomeetings/pages/mepc‐63‐opening.aspx>

711/30/2012<http://www.imo.org/MediaCentre/MeetingSummaries/BLG/Pages/BLG‐16th‐session.aspx>

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sufficientbutthemajoritywantedthedraftcircularontheballastwatersamplingandanalysisprotocols(intendedtoprovidegeneralrecommendationsonmethodologiesandapproachestosamplingandanalysistotestforcompliancewithstandardssetoutintheConvention)togoforward.Theworkwillcontinueatthenextsession.Foradditionalinformation,seetheEuropeanMaritimeSafetyAgencywebsite8WileysaidthatasofJune2012thereare22BWMSthataretype‐approvedforuseinaglobalmarketthatisworth$74billion;over500havebeeninstalledonships.Most,ifnotall,oftheBWMSweredevelopedforuseinsaltwaterenvironments.AccordingtoLloyd’sRegister,28outof59systemsshouldworkinfreshwater,buthaveyettobetestedtoGreatLakesSeawaySystemspecifications.(NoteAddedon11/30/2012:The59systemsreportedbyLloydsreflectthecurrentnumberofsystemsunderdevelopmentworldwide.Ofthatnumbertherewere22thatweretype‐approvedatthetimeoftheBWCollaborativemeeting–itis29asoftwoweeksago).Unlessthesystemsaretype‐approvedbyanadministration,theycannotbepurchasedbyashipowner.Wileyshowedtwoslides:Type‐approvedBWMSandGreatLakes.Heusedthefirsttoindicatethetype‐approvedBWMSthatcouldmostlikelyworkinfreshwater(Pureballast1,2,2x,HydeGuardian,Optimarin,Panasia,Purimar,EcoBallast);heusedthesecondtoillustratethatonlyfoursystems(RWO,BalChlor,Siemens,DesmiOceanGuard)haveactuallybeentestedforGreatLakesconditions.AparticipantaskedWileyformoreinformationonsamplingdevices.WileysaidthataccordingtoG8guidelines,ballasttreatmentsystemsmustbemonitoredforeffectiveoperation(e.g.,chlorinelevels,UVTransmittanceetc.).Aportstatecontrolinspectorwouldlookattheship’sdocumentation,andthenthemonitoringequipment.Onlyiftheyhadsignificantconcernswouldtheythenlooktotakeasample.Thatwouldbeanindicativesample,astheinformationwehavefromvendorsisthatifaBWMSdoesnotwork,itlikelywillfailcatastrophically.Assuch,itwouldnotbe12or13organisms,ratheritwouldbe1000’soforganismswhichshouldbereadilydetectable.Technologyhasadvancedsuchthatarecentlydevelopedhand‐heldanalysistoolisaboutthesizeofacellphone.TheanalysistoolisaGO/NOGOoutputandhasabouta100‐organism(bothplantsandanimals)threshold.Interestingly,themarketforthisindicativedeviceistheship‐owner,nottheportstate.Dr.RichEverett,USCG,commentedthatindicativesamplingfocusesonorganismsinthe10‐50micronsize‐class.HesaidthatmostBWMSevaluationtechnologieslookatchlorophyllflorescenceoflivingcells.Heknowsofonekitlookingatadenosinetri‐phosphate(ATP)andanotherlookingatothermetabolites.Alltechnologiesarelookingatindicatorsoflivingthingsinthewater.Themagnitudeoftheindicatorsignalwouldberelatedtothenumberofliveorganisms.HesaidthatsofartheUSCGhasconsideredthesetechnologiesusefulforindicativemeasuresonly,butsuggestedthattheymightalsobeusedtotestforcompliance.

811/28/2012<http://emsa.europa.eu/main/ballast‐water/involvement.html>

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TheCollaborativediscussionturnedtotheIMO’sguidelinesforapprovalofballastwatermanagementsystems(G8)andclarifyingthetype‐approvalprocess.Wileysaidthatthefresh,coldwatersoftheGreatLakesandthehighpumpingratesofLakersmustbefactoredinwhensystemsarebeingtestedandapprovedforuseontheLakes.AmeetingattendeesuggestedthatparticipantsreadtheJuly30,2012pressreleaseoftheInternationalChamberofShipping,ICSSeeksCrucialChangestoIMOBallastWaterRegimeinEfforttoAvoidChaos.9Inanswertothequestion,“WhenwillIMOberatified?”Wileysaidwejustdon’tknow,butit’screatedasituationtowhichvesselownersaregoingtohavetoreact,possiblyratherquickly,sotheyneedtobeprepared.WileysaidhewasencouragedthattheUSCGFinalRuleispublishedandisnowwatchingtheEPAEnvironmentalTechnologyVerificationProgramprotocols(ETVProtocols)develop.Hesaid,“Wecouldwaitforevertodeveloptheperfectproduct,butwe’reworkingtodevelopasystemthatwillwork.”KirkJonesfromCanadaSteamshipLines(CSL)suggestedthatconsideringtheU.S.nowhasregulationsandtheETVProtocolsarecomingalong,perhapssomeoneshouldwritealetteraskingtheIMOtoreviseitsstandardtoreflectU.S.policiesandimplementationtimelines.CouldtheConventionberevisedtobeinalignment?WileysaidheexpectstobeaskedtodiscussthisissueintheIMOBallastWaterWorkingGroup.SomewillbeforandotherswillbeagainstrevisingtheConvention.Ultimatelythequestiongoestoplenary(thepolicyside),whereheexpectlotsofpushback,andgivesa50‐50chanceofrevisions.TheU.S.setaverydefinitedateforimplementation:firstdrydock.ThisisnotthewordingusedintheIMOdocument.Largeflagstateswillprobablysignup…smallerones,likelynot.Consensuswillbedifficulttoachieve‐whenalargepercentageofthegroupisnothappywiththeoutcome,itisnotlikelytopass.Therewillbeissueswithsovereigntyandairemissions,andcertaincountriesmaynotbelievetheU.S.isworkingforthecommongood.TransportCanadaWileysaidthatCanadasignedtheIMO’sBallastWaterConventioninJuly2010.HesaiditisnotterriblydifficultforCanadatoupdatetheexistingregulationstoincludetherequiredchangessincetheywerewrittenwiththeConventioninmind.Howeveradditionally,Canadaisconsideringalteringitsmid‐oceanballastwaterexchange(BWE)zonessomewhat,basedonscientificstudiesbyFisheriesandOceansCanada(DFO),andpossiblyenactinganewpolicyforwheresedimentsfromballasttanksmaybedisposed.StandardsfortheArcticalsoneedtobeconsidered.TofullyimplementtheConvention,vesselsenteringorleavingCanadamust:911/28/2012<http://www.ics‐shipping.org/pressreleases.htm#2012%20‐%20july%2030>

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• Manageballastwatertoprescribedstandardsbysettimelines–formostships,thismeansusingtype‐approvedBWMS.

• Haveacertificate,recordbook,andapprovedmanagementplan.• Performexchange/orflushing+treatmenttotheD‐2StandardwhendestinedtoCanadianfreshwaterports.

• Officersandcrewmustbefamiliarwiththevessel’sBallastWaterManagementPlan.• ForCanadianvessels,TransportCanadamustapprovetheManagementPlanandregularsurveysandcertificationsbyclasssocietiesmustbemade.

Canada’simplementationofIMOballastwaterstandardsscheduleisasfollows:

Builddate Capacitym3 ExchangeuntilPerformancestandardsstart

Before2009 1500to5000 31‐Dec‐14 1‐Jan‐14 Before2009 <1500or>5000 31‐Dec‐15 1‐Jan‐16 2009to2010 <5000 31‐Dec‐11 1‐Jan‐12 After2010 <5000 1‐Jan‐10 2010to2012 >5000 31‐Dec‐15 1‐Jan‐16 After2012 >5000 1‐Jan‐12 

AsignificantproblemfacingCanadianvesselowners/operatorsthatoperateintheUSwatersoftheGreatLakesisthattheymustmakeBWMSdecisionsin2012aboutsystemsthatarenotU.S.type‐approved.Fortheclassofvesselsbeingdiscussed,theU.S.isexpectingthetype‐approvalprocesstobeinplaceby2015.Dr.DavidReid,ScienceConsultanttotheSLSDC,wascuriousaboutCanada’smid‐oceanBWEexemptionrequestexperienceinlightoftheUSCG’sexperiencethatitreceivesasignificantnumberofBWEexemptionrequests.WileyansweredthatCanadadoesnothavesafetyexemptionsandasfarasheknew,noshiphaseveraskedforanexemption.However,alternateexchangezonesarefrequentlyused.Alternatively,Canadaoffersvesselowners/operatorstheoptionsofnotreleasingballastwater,treatmenttotheIMOD‐2standard,andpumpingitonshore.InanemergencysituationCanadawillalsoapprovedosingthenoncomplianttankswithanemergencytreatment(e.g.,brine).ArepresentativefromtheIJCaskedhowCanada’sregulationsaffectGreatLakesships.WileysaidthatfromtheCanadianpointofview,dealingwithGreatLakeswillmeanlookingatuniqueGreatLakestype‐approvalasaconsequenceofCanada’sratificationoftheConvention.TheBWConventiondoesnotrequireshiptofitBWMSs,rather,thedischargemustmeettheD‐2standard.OnealternativeforexamplemightbetobuildseveralballastwatertreatmentplantsaroundtheGreatLakestoallowshipstopumpashoreasalltankersdidpriortosegregatedballasttanks.RetrofittingallGreatLakesshipswouldbeveryexpensiveaswellasphysicallydifficult.Therealsowouldbelotsofpoliticsinvolvedinrequestingexemptions.Ameetingattendeeaskedhowmuchtimeitwouldtakeforbrinetoresultin100percentmortalityinballasttanks.Wileydidnotknowtheansweroffhandbutguessedaboutsixhours.Hedidindicatethescientificreportforthebrineexperimentsarepublically

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availableandthatPhilJenkinshadcomeupwithanequationfortheproperamountofbrineandtime.KirkJonesofCSLreportedaninstancewheretheshipmasterforgottoconductmid‐oceanBWE.TheyusedbrineandfoundthatCanadaacceptedthisapproachbuttheU.S.didnot.Theshiphadnochoicebuttoretainthewaterandlosecarryingcapacity.AWisconsinrepresentativeaskedaboutCanada’ssedimentmanagementchanges.Wileysaidatthepresenttimeshipscandischargesediment,butiffiltrationworks,theyshouldn’tgetsedimentinthetank.Middlebrookaskedforanupdateaboutresearchonefficacyofexchangeplustreatment.WileysaidDr.SarahBaileyofFisheriesandOceansCanada,contractedtheGreatShipInitiativetoexaminethepotential.Theresultingreportsuggestedthatexchangeplustreatmentcanbeveryeffectiveagainstlivefreshwaterorganisms.Canadaisnowinterestedintestingtheefficacyofexchangeplustreatmenton‐boardships.Wileysuggestedthattheexpectationofscientistswasthatexchangeplustreatmentcouldpossiblylowertheconcentrationofhigh‐riskorganismsindischargedballastwaterbyanorderofmagnitude.Heacknowledgedthatwithmarine‐to‐marineBWEstheefficacycouldbelowerbutwithfresh‐to‐marinewaterexchanges.Iftheshipboardexperimentsprovetheconcept,itwilldefinitelybepartoftheCanadianwayforward,hesaid.AmeetingattendeeaskedifthereisanadvantagetoloweringthesalinityofballastwaterpriortoitbeingdischargedatGreatLakesports.WileysaidthatafteranalyzingtherunofffromsaltminesaroundCanadawithrespecttodispersiontheDepartmentofFisheriesandOceansthinksit’sanon‐issue.Everettsaidhedidn’tknowofanyBWMSsthatonprincipalwon’tworkinfreshwater,butitdependsonthedesignofthetreatmentsystem.Systemsrequiringsufficientdissolvedchlorideionstouseasasourceofactivechlorinemaynotworkinfreshwaterwithoutadditionofions(i.e.,salt),andthishaseconomicimplications.TherewassomeambiguityaboutwhetherthediscussionwasaboutBWMSsbeingtype‐approvedforfreshwaterorifthetype‐approvalwastobeforasystemusedexclusivelyintheGreatLakes.WileyusedtheTechCrosssystemfittedontheMVGreenwingasanexample.WhenScientistsfromFisheriesandOceansboardedavesseltotestthesystem,thereweremanyorganismsstillaliveandachlorinevalueofzero.(i.e.,didnotachieveD‐2dischargestandards)intheGreatLakes.Sincethattest,thevendorhasbeenworkinghardtogetthesystemtowork.Sofartheyhaveitsuchthatitiseffectivedownto~0.5PSU.TomakeitworkontheGreatLakesavesselwiththatsystemwouldhavetofitabrinetankasasourceofchlorideions.AllegraCangelosioftheNortheast‐MidwestInstituteandGSItestedaSiemensBWMSattheGSIfacility.ShesaidsaltwasaddedtoasidestreaminamannerechoingtheETVProtocolsandthesystemmettheIMObenchmarkusingwaterfromDuluth‐SuperiorHarbor.ShethoughtthatsomeBWMSmaynotappeartoworkinfreshwaterbecausetestingisnotpresentlystandardizedamongtestingfacilities,andmethodsaredifferentatdifferent

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facilities.ShesaidMERCandGSIconductedstandardizedtestingoftwosystemsandachievedsimilarresults.TheEPA’s2013DraftVesselGeneralPermitJuhiSaxena,EPAIndustrialPermittingProgram,reportedbyphonefromWashington,D.C.aboutthedraft2013VGPthatistargetedforfinalreleaseinNovember201210.Shesaidthegoalsforthe2013VGPare:

– Usethebestavailablesciencetoinformdeterminationsofappropriatetechnology‐basedandwaterquality‐basedballastwaterdischargelimitations(Protectwatersfromnewinvasions).

– Improveadministrativeefficiency(Reducepermitteeconfusion).– ImprovetheCleanWaterAct,Section401Certificationprocess(Increasestate

coordinationandregionalconsistency).

HighlightsoftheDraft2013VGPrelatedtomanagingballastwaterare:

– NumericdischargelimitsequivalenttotheIMOD‐2standard.– Theselimitsapplytomostvesselswithatleast8cubicmetersofballastwater

capacity.– ExchangeplustreatmentrequirementforvesselsthatoperateoutsidetheEEZ

enteringtheGreatLakesfromafreshwater/brackishportwithinthepreviousmonth.

– Self‐monitoringrequirements.Saxenathenwentovertheballastwaterlimitsandofferedfouroptionsvesselowners/operatorscouldusetomeetthelimits.ReferencingwhatCDRRyanAllain,Chief,EnvironmentalStandardsDivision,USCGsaidearlier,theseare:

– UseaBWMS.– Dischargeballastwatertoanonshorefacility.– Usepotablewater(fromU.S.andCanadaonly).– Don’tdischargeballastwater.

ShesaidthattheEPAisrequiringvesselsenteringtheGreatLakesthatoperateoutsidetheEEZandmorethan200nmfromanyshoretoconductballastwaterexchangeANDsaltwaterflushinginadditiontoon‐boardtreatmentiftheyhavetakenonballastfromfreshwaterorbrackishwaterecosystemswithinthepreviousmonth.TheEPAisconsideringover5,500comments(363wereunique)thatweresentinduringthepubliccommentperiodforthedraftVGP.SignificantcommentsincludedconcernsaboutwhethertheD‐2standardsareappropriate,oppositiontorequiring‘exchangeplustreatment’totheGreatLakes,questionsabouttheimplementationschedule.Saxenasaid

10OnNovember28,2012EPAextendedthereleasedateforthe2013VGPfinalrulefromNovember30,2012toMarch15,2013.Thiswillnotimpactthedatethe2013VGPwillgointoeffect(December9,2013). 

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the2013VGPwillcomplementtheUSCGfinalruleasmuchaspossible,butonedifferenceisthedatefordefiningwhatconstitutesa“newbuild”vessel.SaxenasaidthattheEPAisholdingaworkshopinSeptember2012tolookatthebestwaystoaddressthedatagapsidentifiedbytheNationalAcademyofSciencesreport.TheEPAistryingtofinishupitspermitbytheendofthisyearandthenconductoutreach.SaxenasaidthattheEPAisgratefulforthecloserelationshiptheyhavewiththeUSCGandothers,andthattheyareproudoftheaccomplishmentstheyhavemadeintheCleanWaterAct,Section401Certificationprogress.ShesaidstateshavebeenactiveparticipantsinmultiplecallsandtheEPAisstrivingforregionalconsistencywithrespecttothe“401Certificationtool.”Dr.JeffreyRam,WayneStateUniversity,askedifwaterismovedthroughtheMississippiRiverwatershedintotheGreatLakes,creatingafreshwatertofreshwatertransfer.Dr.RyanAlbert,EPA,whowasonthelinewithSaxena,saidhisgeneralunderstandingwasthatsuchwatertransferisnotsignificant.AUSCGrepresentativealsoweighedintosaythatwhentheUSCGlookedatthatconcerntheyfoundthatbargesdon’tballast,theyonlytakeonwatertogetunderbridgesandthendischargeit.Theydidthissporadicallyandthepracticeisnolongerpermitted.Hesaidthatitwasnotabigissue,butthen,notalotoftrackingisdoneeither.TheU.S.MaritimeAdministration(MARAD)iscurrentlyconductingastudy.U.S.CoastGuardBallastWaterDischargeStandardFinalRuleCDRRyanAllain(USCG)tookthepodiumtoaddresstheU.S.CoastGuard’sBallastWaterDischargeStandardFinalRule11.Heaskedparticipantstowritedownquestionsandsavethemforthepaneldiscussionlaterintheday.HerecommendedthatparticipantsreadtheFrequentlyAskedQuestionsdocument12,madeavailableon‐lineonAugust1.Allaingaveanoverviewoftheregulationsenactedsincethe1990NonindigenousAquaticNuisancePreventionandControlAct,whichaddressedthearrivalofzebramusselsintheGreatLakes.Hesaidthatmanyvesselowners/operatorshavebeenclaimingsafetyexemptionstomid‐oceanballastexchangeasprovidedforintheexistingregulations.Heexplainedthatbestpracticesforballastwatermanagement(likemid‐oceanexchange)didnotgoawayintheMarch23FinalRule,butthattheUSCGunderstandstherisksofmid‐oceanballastexchangeandthatpartlydrovethemtogetthenewballastwaterfinalruleinplace.OptionsforcomplyingwiththeFinalRulearethatcarrierscaninstallU.S.CoastGuardapprovedBWMS,temporarilyuseaforeignapprovedBWMS,don’tdischargeballast,useapublicwatersupplyforballasting,oruseareceptionfacilityfordischargingballast.

1111/29/2012<http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR‐2012‐03‐23/pdf/2012‐6579.pdf>

1211/29/2012<http://www.uscg.mil/hq/cg5/cg522/cg5224/bwm.asp>

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TheUSCGreceivedapproximately3,300commentsontheproposedFinalRule.Thetopconcernswere:applicability,availabilityoftechnology,andaunifiedFederalstandard.TheconundrumatthisjunctureisthattherearenoUSCGapprovedBWMSsbecausenoILshadbeendesignated.Recently,NSFInternational(AnnArbor,MI)wasapprovedasthefirstUSCGcertifiedBWMSIL13.TestingwillfollowtheETVland‐basedtestprotocols.AllainbelievestheUSCGwilltypeapproveatleastonesystemby2014nowthatthereisanidentifiedinderpendentlab.NotetoBWMSvendors:TherearetwopathsforgainingUSCGtype‐approval:

1.SystemsalreadywithIMOtype‐approval:providequalitydatatoanIL,todocumentthattheBWMSmeetsorexceedsUSCGtype‐approvalrequirements;labwillreviewprovideddataandtestforotheraspects.

2.Systemswithouttype‐approval:takesystemtoaUSCG‐approvedILandputitthroughthegamutofapprovaltests.

AllainsaidtheUSCGisadoptinganAlternateManagementSystem(AMS)policy14.AMSallowsmanufacturerstoasktheUSCGfortemporaryacceptanceofaBWMS.TheUSCGhasalreadyreceivedsomeapplications.AccordingtotheAMSpolicy,theBWMSmustbeatleastaseffectiveasballastwaterexchangeandhavebeenapprovedbyaforeigncountryinaccordancewiththeIMOConvention.TheexpectationisthataBWMSthatisacceptedasanAMSwillbeabletoachievetype‐approvalwithintheprescribedfive‐yeargrandfatherperiod.AllainsaidtheUSCGisreviewingthepracticabilityofimplementingmorestringentdischargestandardsandwillpublishthereviewbyJanuary2016.RegardingFinalRulecomplianceandenforcement,AllainsaidthatUSCGofficialswilllookataship’srecords,assessthecrew’sknowledgeabouttheship’sballastwatermanagementprotocols,assesstheconditionofBWMSunits,andwillsampleballastwaterdischargeifwarranted.Toolsforsamplingareindevelopment.TheUSCGandUSEPAhaveaMemorandumOfUnderstanding(MOU)toensurevesselsarecomplyingwiththeVGPandotherrequirements.Allainrecommendedthatinterestedpartiesjointhee‐maillistserve15ofthe(USCG)EnvironmentalStandardsDivisioninordertoreceivenewsandpolicyupdates.TheUSCGwillalsopublishinformationaboutwhattoexpectduringaUSCGballastwaterinspection.

1311/29/2012<http://www.nsf.org/business/newsroom/press_releases/press_release.asp?p_id=26530>

1411/29/2012<http://www.uscg.mil/hq/cg5/cg522/cg5224/docs/CG‐OESPolicyLetter12‐01.June2012.pdf>

1511/29/2012<http://www.uscg.mil/hq/cg5/cg522/cg5224/>

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AmeetingattendeeaskedwhatthebenefitsareoftheShipboardTechnologyEvaluationProgram(STEP)16nowthatregulationsareinplace.AllainansweredthattheSTEPisstillimportanttoencouragedevelopmentoftechnologythatworksaboardships.Land‐basedtestingbeforeshipboardinstallationoftheBWMSisnowrequired.DiscussionSession,U.S.CoastGuardBallastWaterDischargeStandardFinalRuleChrisWileymoderatedthesession.CDRRyanAllainandDr.RichEverettfieldedquestionsposedbyCollaborativeparticipants.Thefollowingsummarizesthequestions,comments,andpointsraisedduringthediscussion:LiliaKhodjetElKhil,CSL:Whatdoshipownersneedtodotogainsomesenseofassurance?Everett:TheETVProtocolsweredevelopedbytheEPAsothatpeoplelikeyou,buyersoftechnology,couldhavealevelplayingfieldwhentryingtochoosebetweentreatmentoptions.Usershavebeeninvolvedwithdevelopingtheseprotocols.Itismyobservationthatvendorshavebeeninvolvedfromtheget‐go,whilevesselowners/operatorshavenot.Fiveorsixyearsago,vesselowners/operatorswereonlysayingthattheywantedtheBWMStohavetype‐approval.TheETVProtocolshavebeenoutforabouttwoyearsnow.Ihaven’theardofonevendoraskingfortheirsystemstobeETVtested.Itseemstome,thevesselowners/operatorshavealotofpowerinthisrelationship…allyouneedtosayis‐IwantyoursystemtestedusingtheETVprotocol.KhodjetElKhil:Wecan’tdothat.You’renothearingwhatwe’velearnedthroughourexperiencewiththeIMOtype‐approvalsystem.Everett:We’renotpartytotheIMOconvention;thatisadifferentsubject.KhodjetElKhil:Vendorsdon’twanttohavetheirsystemstestedtoETVstandards.It’sallaboutfreshwaterintheGreatLakes.It’stoocomplicated.DanielCôté,TransportDesgagnés:Vendorsdon’twanttolosewhattheyhavenowbybeingrejectedbyETV.Everett:Thenpointouttovendorsthatit’snotonlyabouttheGreatLakes;thereareotherfreshwaterportsintheU.S.andcertainlyaroundtheworld.AllegraCangelosi,GSI:TheETVProtocolsaremoreexactingthanprotocolsbasedontheIMOguidelines.AlltheU.S.testingthroughcertifiedlabswillfollowETVProtocols.Arevendorshidinginthetallgrassofforeigntype‐approval;willtheirsystemsworkintheU.S.ornot?

1611/29/2012<http://www.uscg.mil/hq/cg5/cg522/cg5224/step.asp>

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Everett:ETVdoesn’trequirethatyoutestatdifferentsalinities;itgivesyouarange.Thesystemwillbetestedoverthatrangeofsalinities(i.e.,0‐1).Itstillseemstomebuyersaren’tputtingenoughpressureonthesellers.Variousmeetingparticipants:It’saverysmallmarket,freshwaterintheGreatLakes.Where’stheincentiveforvendors?Let’sbegenerousandsaythereare300shipsthatthissituationappliesto.Whatalimitedmarket.Côté:ThedataIhaveto‐dateonconductivityindicatesthatwedon’tevenhavefreshwaterconditionsthataresimilarbetweenOttawaandDuluth.Salinityisnotuniform.Meetingparticipant:WhatisthecosttotesttotheETVstandard?Cangelosi:Thatwasagoodquestionbeforetype‐approvalwentintoplace.NowtestingisamarginmoreexpensivethantestingwithIMOguidelinesbecauseoftheETVlanguagestatingthatchallengewatermustcontainafullassemblageofreferenceorganismsfortreatment.Todate,testingatGSIhasn’tcostvendorsanythingthankstograntsandoutsidesupport.ThecostofdevelopingaBWMSisvariable;thecostoftestingisroughly$300K‐$350Kpersalinity.MichaelaNoble,MARAD:Howcouldvesselowners/operatorsgetaBWMSapprovedthroughtheUSCG’sAMS?Everett:We’renotinsensitivetotheconcernaboutwhethersystemsareavailable.Ifyouareinthisnichewheretherearenottype‐approvedBWMSsandalternativesarenotavailable,thereisaprovisionthatgivesanextension.Cangelosi:CurrentlyGSIofferstestingfornocost,butwedon’thavevendorsknockingonourdoor.Meetingparticipant:Thepointisthevendorsdon’twanttolosewhattheyhave.MarkRiggio,HydeMarine:IwanttoacknowledgeUSCG’seffortsandencouragevesselowners/operatorstogetinvolvedintheSTEPprogram.Meetingparticipant:Youcan’tput18differenttechnologieson18differentships.It’snotpractical.Allain:TheUSCGisstillopenforbusinessthroughSTEP.IfCSLwereinvolvedinSTEP,thefaultyUnitorsystemwouldhavebeengrandfatheredin.SusanSylvester,WisconsinDepartmentofNaturalResources:IfyouarepartofSTEP,you’refinewithWisconsin.

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JimCosman,Trojan:Ithinkthemarketwillsortitselfout.About17BWMSwillneedtoretest.Duringtheretesting,manywillbetestedunderfreshwaterconditions.Allain:YouarethereasonweputtheprovisionintotheUSCGFinalRule.Côté:Wewanttocomply,butwealsowanttobeabletounderstand.ItwouldbeconcerningtoinstallasystemthatwillmeetIMOstandardsbutnotU.S.standards.Allain:States?Doyouhaveroomtograntextensions?RogerEberhardt,MichiganDEQ:Michiganhaslanguagethatsays‘meetthestandardswhentheEPAandUSCGhavesomeinplace.’Wisconsinintimatedthattheydidnot.Bergeron:Weneedtostopworryingaboutarbitrarydatesandlookatabiggerpictureofhowtologicallygetfromheretocompliance.PerhapswecanusetheflexibleimplementationdateasoutlinedinWisconsinregulationsasexample.Meetingparticipant:IfavendorgetsAMSdesignationbecausetheyhavedemonstratedIMOtype‐approvalinbrackishandmarinewaters,doesthatmeanthataship‐ownercouldinstallthissystemandbeincompliance(grandfathered)throughtheSTEPprogram?Everett:Ifthesystemneedschlorine,andit’syourintenttousethatsystemintheGreatLakes,youbetterbuyasystemthathasasourceofionswithinit.Takethatintoconsiderationwhenbuyingasystem,eventhoughAMS.It’samanagementdecision.IftheBWMSrequiresmorepower,room,i.e.,more“stuff”thanyouhaveontheship,don’tbuythatsystemasanAMS.Itmustbeappropriate.Riggio:Whathappensafterfiveyears?AnAMSisexpectedtogettype‐approvalwithinthosefiveyears.Everett:Fiveyearsiswhatwecouldget.Côté:Whatiftheyfail?LCDRHettler,USCGtype‐approval:Thatisawarrantyissue.That’saconversationyoushouldbehavingwiththevendor.Allain:Wehearyou,Canada,abouttheUSCGinconsistencywithIMOtimelines.Thisisnotanewsituation.WehavemorethantheUSCGinvolvedintheseregulations.Thereareotherpeoplewithswayinthissituation.We’reluckytohaveAMSandfiveyearsatall.That’sallwecouldget.

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Remember,anAMSextensionrequestMUSTgettotheCoastGuard12monthsearlierthantheenactmentoftheUSCGFinalRule.Forexample,shipsrollingoutin2013needtohavetheirextensionrequestinthisDecember.Startthinkingaboutyourrequestnow.Thereareshipsthatareinstallingsystemsnowandwedidn’twanttopunishthemforactingearly.AMSallowstheUSCGtoacceptvesselsthathaveinstalledsystemsapprovedbyotherflags(butaswrittenitdoesnotrequirethemtoalsodoballastwaterexchange).BillLind,ABS:FromtheABSperspective,thesemeetingsaregreatbecausetherearethingsyoudon’texpectthatcomeup.I’msurprisedthatvendorsaren’tbeatingdownthedoorwiththetestinglabs.ABSishopefulthatU.S.type‐approvedsystemswillbeavailablesoon.ThebiguncertaintywaswaitingfortheUSCGtocomeoutwithrules.Thesamethingisgoingonforairemissions.Aslongaswekeephavingthesemeetings,thesituationwillimprove.Reid:AnAMSBWMShastobeatleastaseffectiveasballastwaterexchange?Everett:ThepointofanAMSreviewistomakesureaBWMSiscapableofmeetingIMOdischargestandards.Itisnotthesameasatype‐approval.It’sanadministrativereviewthatrequiresdocumentation.Allain:AccordingtotheFinalRule,onceBWMSsaretype‐approvedandavailable,vesselscannolongerinstallAMSsystemsinlieuofanapprovedsystem.Everett:WearenotrequiringvesselsthatoperateexclusivelyintheGreatLakestocomply.GreatLakesmeansLakeOntarioandtheSt.LawrenceRivertotheCanadianBorder,buttheUSCGwillreexaminethequestionofwheretheFinalRuleapplies.ForballastwaterintheGreatLakes,thedischargehastomeettype‐approvalrequirementswithrespecttosalinityandorganismsbutitdoesn’tnecessarilyneedtohappenintheGreatLakes.Wiley,concludingtheday’sdiscussion:Realistically,theconversationhasbeenperfect.Excellentpointshavebeenmade.DayTwo–August3,2012WileyreopenedtheUSCGtype‐approvaldiscussionandinvitedtheUSCGrepresentativestotalkaboutthestipulationsofU.S.type‐approval.HeinvitedtheaudiencetoexaminetheirissuesanddeterminewhetherornottheyarecoveredintheregulatoryregimeoftheUSCG.Hechallengedaudiencememberstooffersolutions(potentialactionsbyFederalorStateagencies)toresolveanyproblemstheymightidentify,asweseektoharmonizeUSCGandIMOtype‐approvalstrategies.Everett:Whenyougototheregulationtext,you’llfindtwocomponents:

Asectionaboutbeingincompliance;and Asectionabouttype‐approval(targetedtovendors,ILs,andvesselowner/operator

education).

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UnderstandthattheUSCGincorporatessomethingsbyreferencingthem.Therearesectionsthatseemnottohaveenoughdetailedinformation,BUTtheyincorporatethenecessaryinformationbyreference.TheoneyouhaveheardmostaboutinthiscontextistheETVprotocol.TheFinalRuleleadsyoutowhereitis.TheotherthingtorecognizeisthattheFinalRuleisaconsensustext,explainingagreed‐uponapproaches.AsCDRAllainexplainedyesterday,therearetwopathsfortype‐approval:fromscratch,orfromthestartingpointoftype‐approvalbyaforeignadministration.Type‐approvalmeansthetype‐approvalauthoritylooksatatypeofequipment(i.e.,oneunitofonemodel).Hisorherexpectationisthatifitworksandgetsapproved,theneveryotheroneofitstypewillbebuiltandworkinthesameway.Sometimestherearemanufacturingauditsdone(e.g.,proceduresABSmightundertakefortheirtype‐approval).We’relookingathowasystemtreatsballastwater.ABSislookingatsafetyissues.Type‐approvalallowsUSCGtoconductcomplianceinspectionswithmoreassurancebecauseweknowthesystemhasbeenproperlyvetted.Ifeveryonedidtheirownthing,theninspectorswouldstartwithablankslate.Theriskfactorisraisedexponentially.Wecan’tensurethatinallcasestheshipwillbeincompliancewithstandards…thereisnowaytodothat.Type‐approvalbringsusalevelofassuranceaboutcompliance.HereistheUSCG’sprocessforgainingtype‐approvalforaBWMS:TheBWMSvendorfilesanoticeofintentwithUSCG30dayspriortothestartoftesting.Thisnoticeofintentincludesfiveelements:nameofmanufacturer,nameofindependenttestinglaboratory,BWMSspecifications,expectedsubmissiondate,vesselandlocationsforshipboardtests.SomeofthisinformationwillhavetobeworkedoutwiththeILwellinadvanceofthe30‐daynotice.TheshipboardtestingneedstohappenonavesselthatmeetsETVprotocolcriteria.Whenalltestingisdone,acompletetype‐approvalapplicationentails:

ILinformation BWMSplans Anoperation,maintenanceandsafetymanual Billofmaterials Documentationofrequiredapprovals,registrations,etc.,ofactivesubstances Informationregardingmarineportabletanksandpressurevessels Qualitycontrolprocedures(akeypartofthetype‐approvalapplication) CompleteILreport

TheUSCGisnotapprovingasystemwithrespecttobyproductsorchemicaldischarge…thesearecoveredunderETV.Thevendormustbefamiliarwithdischargeof

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chemicalsasregulatedbyfederalandstategovernments.Forexample,Californiahasabout30differentwaterqualitycontrolboardstoconsider.TheBWMSmustbesimpleandhaveaneffectivemeansofoperation.Itmustbeoperableduringbusytimesonships.Thereshouldbevisualandauditoryalerts,andtamper‐proofbypasses.ABWMSshouldbeabletoberecalibratedand,ifitinvolvesactivesubstances,theremustbeawaytomonitordischargeofthesesubstances.CharlieMiller,ABS:Doestype‐approvalincludepipingintheship?Likeinstallingplastic?Everett:Thatissomethingthatwillbelookedatduringtheregulatoryreview.Everett(discussingthetype‐approvaltest‐planrequirements):TheU.S.requiresthattheBWMSundergoesfiveconsecutivevalidtestsataland‐basedscale.Itdoesn’tnecessarilymeantheBWMSisincompliance,justthatthetestsarevalidandconductedbyanapprovedindependentlaboratory.Thevendordoesnotoperatethesystemduringthetest;THISISAKEYDIFFERENCEbetweentheU.S.andothercountries.ScalingisallowedalthoughtherearemanydiscussionsaboutthevalidityofthisbothintheU.S.andaroundtheworld.Insummary,ifyouaregoingtotestthesystemataland‐basedscale,butthesystemwillbeworkingatalargerscaleonaship,therehastobeajustification,viamodels,thatthetestatthesmallerscalereflectslargerscaleoutcomes.Type‐approvaltestplansmustalsoincludeaminimumofsixmonthsofshipboardtesting.IfyouaredoingthesetestsintheU.S.,alloftheballastwaterneedstobetreatedwiththeBWMS.Wedon’twantthetesttobeonlyballastdoneononetankifmultipletanksarede‐ballasting.IfyouaredischargingwaterthiswayintheU.S.,youMUSTbeenrolledinSTEP.NOTE:STEPfortype‐approval,isnotequivalenttoSTEPwhenexperimentingwithasystem.AnAMSdoesnotneedtobeinSTEP.Thecrewneedstobeoperatingthesystemandthetesttrialsmustbechallenging.ThereistobeNOcherrypickingforreportingpurposes.ALLtestcyclesneedtobedocumentedandmadeinaccordancewithETVProtocols.RickHarkins,Consultant,CSL:Weneedadviceaboutscalingwithrespecttovelocityissues.Everett:Scalingisnotrunninglesswater(ormorewater)throughasystem,scalingismakingthesystemsmaller(downsizing).Vendorsmustdemonstratethatdownsizingforland‐basedtestingisvalid.Forexample,iftheyareusingUltraviolet(UV)anddownsizingtheUVchamber,theymustdemonstratethatthedoseissimilartothefull‐scaledesign.Harkins:TheproblemisthatwehavelargepumpingvolumeandrateandtheGreatShipsInitiativefacilitycan’tmanagethisflowcapacity.Everett:Eitherfindadifferentindependentlaboratorytoworkwithordoashipboardtest.Ifthereisnowaytodothetype‐approvalataland‐basedfacility,thenalltestingwillhavetobedoneshipboard;thereisprovisionforthisintheUSCGFinalRule.

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KirkJones,CSL:Somevesselsde‐ballastat4,000‐8,000cubicmetersperhourwhereasinland‐basedtestingfacilitiesthereisa200‐300cubicmetersperhourdischargecapacity.Askingvendorstoproduceascaled‐downversionofaBWMSforthisflowratewouldbelikeaskingamanufactureoftrucktirestomakeaversionfortinkertoys.Thephysicsproblemhereisrelatedtofiltering.Ifyouaretryingtosquishajellyfishthroughafilter,youneedtosustainacertainvolumeofdischarge.Everett:Theworst‐casescenarioisthatvendorswillneedtotype‐approveeachsystemusingashipfortesting.Thereareprovisionsforsystemsthatcan’tbetestedonland.VendorsneedtoworkwiththeUSCGtodesignappropriatetests.Cangelosi:AtGSI,wecanaccommodatehigherflowrates.Wecancreatesituationssimilartothoseonaship.JoelMandelman,NutechO3:Doestype‐approvalgowithasystem,ordoesitstaywiththevendorifthevendorsellsthecopyrightorpatent?Everett:Inthiscase,thetype‐approvalisspecifictothemanufacturer.Lind:BWMSarebeingtype‐approvedbyothercountries,butwe’reseeingthestumblingblocksasqualitycontrolandqualityassurancedocumentation.Everett:TheUSCGhasn’thadavendorsubmitanapplicationyet,andweonlyjustreceivedourfirstAMSapplication.Wealsoseequalitycontrolandqualityassuranceasproblematicwhentype‐approvalcomesfromadifferentcountry.Thisisapotentialproblemforsomecompaniesthathavealreadygonethroughtestingwithscaledmodels.Idon’tknowatthispointhowmuchscalingaccuratelyreflectshowthesesystemswillactuallybeused.Extrapolationneedstobejustified…Itmightexist,butIhaven’tseenit.EverettaddedthattestingaBWMSforitsefficacymustbeconductedinasrigorousamanneraspossible.Land‐basedtestingofBWMSswillbemorecontrolledthanshipboardtesting,whichismoreofademonstrationunderoperationalconditions.Componenttestingwillevaluatehowthesystemworksastheship’svibration,resonance,temperature,andhumiditychanges.Whathappenswhentherearepowerlapsesandsurges?Ourtestrequirementsarespecific.Therearealsotestrequirementsforusingactivesubstances.TheEPA’sproposedVGPhasactivesubstancelimitsoutlinedintheEPAGoldBook17.TheVGPhaslimitseitherexplicitlynoted,orbyreferencetotheGoldBook.TheFederalInsecticide,Fungicide,andRodenticideAct(FIFRA18)isapplicableforactivesubstances.

1712/06/2012<http://water.epa.gov/scitech/swguidance/standards/criteria/aqlife/upload/2009_01_13_criteria_goldbook.pdf>

1812/06/2012<http://www.epa.gov/oecaagct/lfra.html>

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TheUSCGcanwithdrawtype‐approvalforavarietyofreasons,includingsafetyormalfunctioning.OneofthekeyissuesforUSCGtype‐approvalisthatthetestsareconductedbyanILasdefinedinourregulations,includingreferencetootherregulations.Hettler,USCG:ThisUSCGlabacceptanceprocessisalittlemorecomplicatedthanitisfor,say,marinesanitationdevices.Independentlabacceptanceisgivenalognumber(#162.060)butitdoesn’tallowforprovisionalacceptancelike“162.060‐20”soanILneedstoacceptallresponsibilitiesformeetinggovernmentILstatus.Nolabcandoallthetesting,sotheyneedtocooperatewithotherlabs.Partnershipscouldforwardapplicationsasaconsortium.That’showIseethisworking.ColinHenein,TransportCanada:PretendIwanttobeanIL.CanIhirecontractors?CanIbea“labless”lab?Hettler:Ifyouarethe“labless”ILwehaveaccepted,youwouldneedtolistthelabsdoingtheworkonyourbehalf.Youareresponsiblefortheworkbeingdoneonyourbehalf.It’snotimpossible,butyouwouldhavetoknowtheotherlabsinadvance.Thereisnostand‐aloneILandIdon’tseethathappeninginthenearfuture.Everett:WithregardtochangestoaBWMS,oncewehavetype‐approvedit,nochangesareallowedwithoutgoingthroughtheUSCGforacceptancebeforehand.TheFinalRuleiswordedsothatthisisanabsolutecircumstance.Vendorscan’tevendecidetoswitchfrom“onekindofscrewtoanother”withoutclearingitthroughtheUSCGfirst.Ifyoudon’tfollowdesignatedprocess,yourtype‐approvalmaybewithdrawnorsuspended.JimSharrow,DuluthPortAuthority:I’mwonderingifyouwillputwaterqualityconditionsonthecertificateorincludethemasanattachment.Everett:Mostlythisdiscussionisaboutsalinity.Yes,ourcertificatewillidentifythesalinityrangesinwhichaparticularBWMScanbeused.Otherparametersarenotyetincluded.Temperaturemayalsobeanissue.Henein:Whatisthedefinitionof“asystem.”Howwillyouhandlethingsontheboundarybetweenshipmechanicsandtheactualtype‐approvedsystemorunit?Canwealterthingsupstreamoftheapprovedsystem,forexampleinthebilge?Simply,willvesselsbeabletoaddthingsbeforereachingaBWMS?Everett:TheUSCGdefinitionofasystemwillbeintheregulationsandwilllikelybethesameastheIMO’s.Let’ssayyouhaveseveralskids–that’sonesystem.Plumbingandelectricalstuff–onesystem.Yourquestionaboutaddingcomponents,unlesstheballastsystemcouldn’thandleit,willlikelybeOK.Justdon’tusethesystemforsomethingitwasn’tapprovedfor,likeaddingsomethingtotherawwaterthatthesystemwasn’ttype‐approvedfor.We’renottype‐approvingships.We’renotgoingtoresolvethistoday.Newmanifoldpiping,forinstance,isnotpartofthesystem.

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Hettler:Ifyouarechangingsomethingupstreamordownstream,youwouldneedtogothroughtheUSCGmarinesafetycenter,ABS,etc.Patches,likeupgradesonsoftware,aresomethingtoapproachwithotherregulators.Dr.JeffreyRam,WayneStateUniversity:Aren’tthereprovisionsforminorchanges,likethetypesofscrewsbeingused?Hettler:EvensmallchangesmustberunbytheUSCG.Theturnaroundtimesvarybythecomplexityoftherequest.IcansayinmyexperiencewithUSCG,thingsdon’ttakethatlongtoturnaround.Manychangesdon’trequireanyactionsbyus,exceptan“OK.”Anyjustificationyoucangive,willexpeditetheprocess.The“approvalcommittee”isoftenjusttwoUSCGofficers.Questionfromtheaudience:IftheBWMSisflexible,willitneedtobetype‐testedinallitsvariousconfigurations?Hettler:No,we’retype‐approvingasystem;theinstallationapprovalisforABSandotherclassificationsocietiestoprovide.Miller:Werevieweachinstallationonitsownmerits.Everett:BWMSsareintendedtobecustom‐fittedandmodular.Maybeifasystemisgoingtobeputinareawithavastlydifferenttemperatureregimeitmightneedadifferenttype‐approvalforthattemperature.Wiley:SpeakingforCanada,I’minsupportofwhatIheardheretoday.Burrows:FromtheIJCstandpoint,I’mcomfortablewiththeGreatLakescontextofthisdiscussionbutIrecognizethedifferencebetween“identical”and“compatible.”ThereisroomfordiscussionaboutinstitutingtheBWMSprogramattheSeawayforinspectingforcompliance.Attheendoftheday,Icouldseetheseminorissuesbeingworkedout.Everett:IfImaytalkaboutmyhobbyhorse…peopleinaparticularcircumstance(likethosewishingtoprotectGreatLakesshipping)needtoweighinontheETVprocess,it’saconsensus‐basedprocess.Ifyoudon’tbringspecialintereststothetableattheETVprogram,theydon’tgetincorporatedintotheprotocols.Someofyourconcernscouldbetestedifyouspeakup.Everystakeholdersectorhasanopportunitytobepartoftheprocess.Thattomeisthekeyissue…whathappensattheETVtechnicalpanelmeetings.Cangelosi,speakingtotheBWMSvendors:Whenyougettothepointoftesting,youshouldbeinano‐surprisesposition.ThetestingfacilitiesatGSIandMERChavebeenmadeavailablewithpublicfundingsovendorscanruntrialspriortoformaltype‐approvaltesting.Onceyouareintheno‐surprisessituation,gothroughtheILs.GSIisnotlimitedto“makeorbreaktesting,”wecansupport“statustesting.”

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Wiley:I’mawarethatsomescientistsareuncomfortablewiththewaytheETVProtocolsrelatetotheGreatLakes.ThemainthingwiththeGreatLakesisthatBWMStestsrelatetoGreatLakesconditions.With“global”rules,thisisnothappening.Cangelosi:ThedifferencebetweenETVandIMOisthedegreeofprecision.UnderIMO,thelanguageislessspecific.ETVstartsattheobjectiveandworksbackwardto“whatyouneedtodotoachievetheseobjectives”.ETVtomeseemslikeanimprovementontheIMOtype‐approvalprotocols.Thereisadifferencein“challenge”conditions.TheadvantagetotheETVProtocolsistherequirementthatanaturalassemblageoforganismscomprisealargecomponentofthechallenges.Youalsocan’tjustaddfreshwatertosaltwatertoachievebrackishwaterbecausetheassemblageoforganismswouldn’treflectnaturalconditions(e.g.,therearemorefilamentousalgaeinbrackishwater;freshwaterzooplanktersaresmallerandsofter‐bodiedthansaltwaterzooplankters).Ram:Wewantaprocesstoacknowledgenewtechnologieswhentheyevolve.Howwilltheybeincorporatedintoverificationandcompliance?Everett:TheETVtechnicalpanelissettomeetinSeptember2012.Theywillbelookingatcurrentprotocols,butgivenconversationsandglobalperspectives,wewillalsotalkaboutthatprocedure.Henein:Fromthepolicypointofview,I’veobservedtwoperspectives:scientificvs.policy,butwhatdothevesselowners/operatorsneed?ItseemsliketheETVforumisn’treallyopentothepeoplewhohavetolivewiththeresults.Howdowerecognizethetechnicaldetailsarethemovingpartsbutengagethepeoplewhowillbebuyingthe‘gizmos’?Everett:Stakeholderpanelsexistbuttheyhappenmaybeeveryfewyears.Heck,justsendane‐mail!Atleastthetechnicalpeoplewilllookatthosefactors.Henein:Idoalotofsciencetonon‐scienceinterpretationinmyjob.Ineedtobeabletocommunicatesciencetovesselowners/operatorsinawaythattheycancontributeback.Everett:Inthebeginning,ship‐ownerswereatthemeetings,butthenthatstopped,sonowwehavealistofsubjectsthataren’treflectedintheETVProtocols.Still,stakeholderforumscouldbeawaytogetyourconcernsonthelistfortheSciencePaneltoconsider.Meetingparticipant:Whydon’twegoanymore?I’lltellyouwhy…becauseitisfrustratingtogoandnotbeheard.Intheendtheregulatorsjustgoaheadanddowhattheywant,despiteusbeingthere.NoelBassett,AmericanSteamshipCo.(ASC):I’vebeeninvitedtotheETVpanelinSeptemberandIwasatthelastone.Vesselowners/operatorsarebeginningtobeheard.AllegraCangelosiunderstandstheissues;GaryCroot(USCGretired,independentcontractor)understandstheissues.Icanreportthatthereisalotofattentionandalotofconcernabouttheship‐ownersperspective.

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Henein:CouldashippercometotheETVandsaywewantthechallengetobeinthemostrigorousfreshwatercondition,the“SuperFreshcategory,”onethatwouldworkacrosstheglobesoavendorcouldsayItestedthisat“superfresh”notjustfresh?Everett:Colin[Henein],maybesomeonelikeyoushouldcometothemeetingandaskaboutaddressingtheenvelopeofconcerns.AnevenquickerwaywouldbetodeveloptheenvelopeoftheprotocolsyouwanttohavetestedandpresentittotheETV.TheETVpanelismadeofacademicprofessorsusuallydonatingtheirtime.IftherewereawayforthisgrouptocomeupwithasetofcriteriathatwouldreflectperformanceontheGreatLakes,itwouldlikelybetakenintoconsideration.Wecanaddresstheseconcernsthroughpolicies,regulations,guidancedocuments,industryconsensus,andthemarketplace.Ram:Overthelasttwoyears,nothingwasmoreeducationaltomethanbeinginvitedontoashipandexperiencingtheissueswithschedulingandoperations.We(academics)havetobeinvited.It’sthewaytogetthescientisttocomeupwithrealmethodstogetBWMSonaship…notjusttheoreticalexercises.ErrolFrancis,Canfornav:LeavemeacardandI’dbehappytoinviteyouaboardoneofourships.Overtheyears,vesselowners/operatorshavelosttheirtrustofregulators.Wedon’tliketogotothosemeetingsbecausewewereofteninvitedjustsoregulatorscouldsay,“weconsultedwiththevesselowners/operators.”Everett:HowisCanadalookingattype‐approval?Wiley:We’rewatchingtheUSCGrules;we’renotcomfortableacceptingaBWMSuntilinsurerslikeLloyd’sorABS,andtheUSCGacceptit.Reid:You’llneedtotype‐approvesystemsspecificallyfortheGreatLakes.WhetheryoucanacceptanIMOtype‐approvedsystemornotdependsonthewateryou’retreating.Riggio(BWTSvendor):Chinaisgoingtodotheirowntype‐approvalbasedontheU.S.ideatodotheirown,andnoneoftheinsurersacceptanotherinsurer’stype‐approval.Type‐approvalisgettingoutofcontrol!Don’tlosesightofgettingthesethingsonships.Wecandeviseteststhateachsystemcanfail.Weneedtohaveaconsensusonwhatisacceptable.Asavendor,thesearecriticalfeatures.Wetestedin2008,butnowarethesetestsevenvalid?ThreeshipownersareintheprocessofsigningfleetcontractsaftertestingourBWMSthemselves.Certainlydesignreasonabletestsbutdon’tdesigntheminwaysthatmakeitimpossibletogetanythingapproved.

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STATEUPDATESWisconsin19SusanSylvesterthankedtheBWC,GSI,USCG,andEPAfortheirsupportinmovingballastwatermanagementforward.ShegavespecialcredittotheEPAforworkinghardtocoordinatethestatesintheir401Certificationefforts.“TheEPAdidayeoman’sjobofbringingthestatestogether,”shesaid.TheEPAmeetinginChicago,Ill.,onJanuary23,2012,waspivotalforcoordinatingtheVGPpermitdiscussionsbetweenthestates.DuringthemeetingtherewasabreakoutsessionforallthestatesandthenforjusttheGreatLakesstates.Afterward,monthlyconferencecallsenabledthestatestoagreeonthemajorissues.Thestates’sharedinterestsinclude:

Strongfederalstandardsforballastwaterdischargethatareconsistentwithregionalstandards;

Permitsthatprotectwaterqualityinaverifiableway; BWMSsaretobeinstalledonocean‐goingvessels; A“non‐negotiable”stancethatregulationsincludeballastwaterexchangeand

flushing(thestatesarepleasedthatCanadahasalsoadoptedthisstancebutareconcernedthatthefinalVGPmightnot).Ballastwaterexchangewillbeinthestate’s401CertificationsandCanadianregulations.

Workingtowardmorestringentballastwaterdischargestandards.(ThestateswouldliketopartnerinthestandardizationofmethodswithFederalentities).

SylvestersaidthatinWisconsin,theCleanWaterAct,Section401CertificationoftheVGPwillinvolveballastwaterinspectorsneedingreasonableentryandaccesstorecordsandballastwatertanksaboardships.Prohibitedactivitiesincludethoserelatedtoendangeredspeciesandhumanhealth,amongotherthings.Specificconditionstheinspectorswillbelookingforare:

BallastwaterexchangeforvesselsoriginatingbeyondtheExclusiveEconomicZone(EEZ)(i.e.,salties);

ThattheballastwatermeetsWisconsin’swaterqualitystandards(IMOD‐2) Iftheballastwaterinanincomingshipposesathreat,thereisarequirementfor

emergencyballastwatertreatment; InstalledBWMSscanmeetfreshwaterconditions(thedefinitionoffreshwaterisstill

pending); Non‐complianceneedstobereportedimmediately;and Recordsofmonthlyvisualinspectionsarekept.

SylvestersaidthatWisconsinpublishedaPublicNoticeoftheBallastWaterDischargeRegulations(WI‐0063835‐1)inApril,butbecauseofunresolveddisparitybetweenenvironmentalgroupsandoceanicvesselowners/operatorsshedoesn’tthinkthestatewill

1912/06/2012<http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/wastewater/GeneralPermits.html>

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beabletomeettheOctober1deadlineforsubmittingitsCleanWaterAct,Section401Certification.ShesaidthatWisconsin’sadministrativelawjudgewillhavetoruleonwaterqualitystandardsandthattheexistingstatepermitwillcontinueifthe401Certificationmustbewithdrawn,whichislikely.20Sylvestersuggestedthatratherthanpickinganarbitrarydate,WisconsinwouldliketopickameaningfultargetforBWMSinstallationlike,the“firstdrydockingafterapproval.”ShesaidthatWisconsin’sballastwaterinspectors,whowereattheBWCmeeting,werefindingthattheshipboardcrew’sknowledgeaboutballastwatermanagementpracticeswasvariable.Wisconsinhassentletterstovesselowners/operatorsabouttheinspectionsbeingconducted.Inspectorscollectsampleswhentheycan,butmainly,theyareconductingvisualinspectionsand,sofar,haveonlyseenoneBWMScomingintoaWisconsinharbor.SylvestersaidthatWisconsin’sballastwaterexchangeandflushingrequirementisdifferentthantheEPA’sinthatanyshipscomingfrombeyondtheEEZmustpracticemid‐oceanexchangeandflushingofballastwaterinadditiontotreatmentwithanapprovedBWMS.SylvesterexplainedthatthetworegulatoryregimesinvolvedwithBWMSaretheinsuranceindustryandgovernmentpolicy.InWisconsin,governmentregulatorswanttoworkwithvesselowners/operatorstodevelopcomplianceschedules;theyarenottalkingaboutjeopardizinginsurance.ShesaidWisconsindoesnottakeenforcementactionifaship’sdischargedoesnotmeetthedischargestandards.Instead,theytrytofindoutwhathappenedtocausethedischargetonotbeincompliance.WIwillnotpenalizeashipperunlessthereissomethingtrulyegregiousgoingon.WIwillworkwithvesselowners/operatorstoachievecompliance.[OtherstatesrepresentedattheCollaborativemeetingagreed.]ADDEDNOTEbyDaleBergeron,MinnesotaSeaGrant:Thisisanexampleoftheuncertaintyandconfusioncreatedwhencombiningtwodistincttypesof“regulatoryregimes.”Oneis“permit‐based”[EPAandStateDEQ/PCA,aswellasClassificationSocieties]andisfrequentlyusedinworking“towardscompliance”withthepermitholders(especiallywitheffortsin“technology‐forcing.”Theotherregime[USCG]is“regulation‐based”andtheregulatedentityissimplyeither“INorOUTofcompliance”andsubjecttoimmediatepenalty,lossoflicense,orpotentiallossofinsuranceatthedetection(orknowledge)ofnon‐compliance.Carriers’commentsreflectedtheiruneaseaboutthelegalimplicationsandinterpretationsofeverybeinginnon‐compliance.

20Update:OnNovember29,2012,aWisconsinAdministrativeLawJudgegrantedWIDNR’sMotionforSummaryJudgment,deniedtheMotionssubmittedbytheotherpartiesanddismissedthepetitionsforreviewofWIDNR'swaterqualitycertification.Wisconsinissuedafinal401ConditionalCertificationtotheEPAVesselGeneralPermitonNovember30,2012.

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Ameetingattendeesaidthatitisimportanttoclarifythatusingmobilemethodsforcombatingmobilepollutantsisanewparadigm.MiddlebrookthoughtitwastrulyunfortunatethattheEPArepresentativescouldnotattendtheCollaborativemeeting(duetoanairlinecomputermalfunction)becausehethoughtthiswasanimportantdiscussionpointinthecontextoftheEPA’sVGP.BillLind,ABS:Generallyinsurancecompaniesworkhardtokeepvesselowners/operatorsinclass.ABShasissueswithallthedifferentlayersofregulations(IMO,Federal,State)andthetimingofeverything.But,youhavetoworkreallyhardtoloseyourinsurance.MichaelaNoble,MARAD:It’sallaboutmonitoringandreporting‐thatisbeingincompliance.ACanadianmeetingattendee:Dealingwithcomplianceissuesislikesailingintothefog.Thefirstreactionofacaptainistoslowdownorstop.Thewordingonthepermitsisn’tprovidingustheframeworkorsecurityformovingforward.Thelanguageisconfusing.IftheConventionisn’tratified,wedon’tevenknowifCanada’sregulationswillbethesame.Michigan21RogerEberhardt,oftheMichiganDepartmentofEnvironmentalQuality,explainedthatthestate’sVGPwasreissuedinJanuaryof2012withminimalchanges.Michiganhasdraftedanew401Certificationandwantstoencouragevesselowners/operatorstoinstallBWMSearly;todothis,theywaivedsomerequirementsforvesselsinstallingBWMSby2016.Thestateisuncertainaboutwhenit’sCleanWaterAct,Section401Certificationwillbefinal.LikeWisconsin,MichiganexpectsshipscomingfrombeyondtheEEZtopracticemid‐oceanexchangeandflushing.Thestatewouldliketohaveaballastwaterdischargestandardthatis100timesmorestringentthanIMOby2026.EberhardtsaidthatthenewlyappointedAquaticInvasiveSpeciesCouncilinMichiganwastaskedtoprovideinformationforthestate’snew401Certification.TheyspentasignificantamountoftimeonthecertificationandmaderecommendationsinJune.TheCouncildidnotagreetoa100timesmorestringentstandard(comparedtoIMOD‐2),butwantstheEPAtodefineameaningfulstandardforballastwaterdischargethatismorestringentthantheIMOstandard.Minnesota22JeffStollenwerk,MinnesotaPollutionControlAgency,saidthatMinnesotapublishedapublicnoticeaboutthe401regulationsinMayandhasaskedtheEPAformoretimetoaddressthecommentsthestatereceivedback.Theissuestoberesolvedare:

2112/06/2012<http://www.mi.gov/ballastwaterprogram>2212/06/2012<http://www.pca.state.mn.us/index.php/water/water‐permits‐and‐rules/water‐permits‐and‐forms/vessel‐discharge‐ballast‐water‐program.html>

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1. Questionsaboutnumericallybasedwaterqualitystandardsforballastwaterdischarge.Stateshavebeenaskedtodenypermits,strivefor100timesIMO,andincludelakers,amongotherrequests.

2. Questionsaboutgettingastatepermit.Atthistime,ocean‐goingshipsmustmeetIMOstandardsby2016.Thismaynotbeachievablebutthisisnotpartofthe401Certification;itisastateregulationthatmightneedtoberevisited.

3. Ballastwaterexchangeandflushing.4. Ballastdischargemonitoring.

Minnesota’sballastwaterpermitexpiresinSeptember2013.Thestatepermit,whichexpireseveryfiveyears,isstillnecessaryevenifMinnesota’s401Certificationisinplaceandfederalregulationsareinplace.Stollenwerkexpectsbothsubstantialsupportforandsubstantialresistanceagainstgettingridofthepermit.Stollenwerksaidthestateisgrapplingwithhowballastwatercanbemanagedonvesselsnotrequiredtotreatballastwater(i.e.,thoseoperatingupstreamoftheWellandCanal).Hesaid,thatatthewesternendoftheGreatLakes,lakers(shipsoperatingexclusivelywithintheGreatLakes)areamoresignificantpotentialsecondaryvectorforspreadinganinvasivespeciesthansalties(shipsthatoperateinboththelakesandopenocean).MinnesotaandWisconsincaremoreaboutlakersthanstatesinthelowerGLregion.TheMinnesotaPollutionControlAgencyBoardwillmakethefinaldecisionontheCertificationeitheratameetingonAug28orduringameetingonSeptember24/25.Shortlyafterthat,MNPCAwillstartcommunicatingwithpeopleaboutthepermit(thepermitwascompletedpriortodistributionofthismeetingsummary–seeFootnote22).NewYork23DaveAdams,NewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation,presentedacomparisonofNewYork’sVGPconditionsaccordingtothe2008Certificationandtheproposed2013Certification.ThemainemphasisofthecommentarywasthatNewYorkiscontinuingtopushforanumericallybasedwaterqualityregulation.NewYorkisonscheduletomeettheOctober1deadlinefortheir401Certificationsubmission.ACollaborativeparticipantcommentedthatallthestateswanttoseeBWMSonboardshipsmorequickly,butwithapatchworkofregulationsitdoesn’tseemthattheyarecreatingmuchofanincentiveforvesselowners/operatorstoinstallsystems.Heaskedifthestatesthoughtaboutputtingsomeincentivesintothe401Certifications.SylvesterandStollenwerksaidthestatesfavoredagrandfatherclauseforBWMSbuttheycouldn’tcometoconsensusonthespecifics.DaleBergeron,MinnesotaSeaGrant,commentedthattheCleanWaterActbeganasalegalissueandthenbecamescientificone.It’snowbacktoalegalissue.Heaskedifwecouldn’t

2312/06/2012<http://www.dec.ny.gov/permits/72399.html>

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makeitscience‐basedandgetthescienceouttoregulatorsinsteadofsettingstandardstoavoidlegalconflictswithNGOsorcarriers.Stollenwerkrepliedthatstatesapproachlackofinformationtosetnumericalstandardsinseveralways.Ingeneral,theysupportfederalefforts(theexceptionintheGreatLakesbeingMichigan,whichoptedtomoveforwardwithveryconservativeassumptions).TheapproachthatMichigantookissimilartowhatwedowithotherpollutants,saidStollenwerk.Minnesotaisnotcomfortabledoingthatwithballastwaterdischarge.Iguesswhatyouseeisourdifferentapproachestoour401Certification.EberhardtsaidthattheapproachtoballastwaterissuesisnotMichigan’susualmodusoperandi.HethenfieldedaquestionaboutpotentialvectorsforinvasivespeciestoentertheGreatLakesandtheirrelativecontributions.HesaidthatAsianCarpcontrolisdominatinghisdepartment’seffortsandpointedoutthatAsianCarparenottransportedthroughballastwater.Asforotherspecies,hesaid,becausewedon’tlookforaquaticinvasivespecies(AIS),it’shardtosaywhat’shere.Eberhardtrespondedtoanotherquestionabouttherationalebehindachievingaballastwaterdischargestandardof100timesIMOby2026.Hesaidhedidn’tknowtheanswerbutthecommitteespentalotoftimeonit.HesaidthattheUSCG’sreportduein2016onthematterwouldinformMichigan’sfutureregulations.Reidaskedwhyregulationsareexcludingcoastalvessels(vesselsoperatingwithintheEEZ)?StollenwerksaidthatMinnesotacurrentlyhasarequirementforvesselswithintheEEZbutthatitwillprobablygoawaybecauseofdifficultyindefiningcoastalvessels.Asitiswrittennow,itreallywouldn’tapplytoanybodyanditdoesn’tcoverCanadianships,hesaid.Andthentherearetheotherenvironmentalimpactsofrequiringvesselstogobackouttosea.ThePacificCoasthasthesevesselscovered,butit’scomplicated.MiddlebrooknotedthatonlyNewYorkandOhiohave401CertificationproposalsthatreferbacktotheVGP.ThismeansthattheircertificationswillautomaticallyreflectanychangesbetweenthedraftandfinalVGP.Whyhaven’totherstatesdonethat,heasked.SaxenaexplainedthatwhentheEPAdraftsaVGPitincludestheunderstandingthatsituationscouldchange.Shesaid,“WhatwebelievewecandoisdeclarethingscanNOTbecomeLESSstringent.Astatecan’tusea401Certificationtomakestandards“lessstringent,”only“morestringent”thantheEPAstandard.”ABSGuideforBallastWaterTreatmentCharlesMillergaveapresentationcraftedbyBillLind,ABS’sMarineDirectorofTechnologyandBusinessDevelopment.ABSisacompanythatinsurescommercialvesselsandhasproducedaguideforwhatisnecessaryforthemtoinsureshipsthatinstallBWMSs.Slides

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3‐524ofthepresentationshowedalistof25BWMSforwhichtheIMOrecognizestype‐approvals.Millersaidhe’sinclinedtoask,“Whatdoestype‐approvalNOTmean?”andwentontostatethattype‐approvaldoesnotmeanaBWMS:

Willworkinallwater; Iscompatiblewithballasttankcoatings; ThatadischargestandardotherthanIMOD‐2canbemet; ThatABSruleshavebeensatisfied.

Millersaidthatthereisadifferencebetweena“type‐approvalforaclasssystem”anda“type‐approvalfromaregulatoryperspective.”AtthistimetheABSGuideforBallastWaterTreatment(Nov.2011)25isonlyaguideandABSwouldlikefeedbackabouthowitmeetsvesselowners’/operators’needs.TheguidewilllikelyberolledintoABSrulesastimegoeson.HesaidABSwillrequirecompliancewithSections4and5oftheGuideinordertodocumenttheBWMSissafe(i.e.,notcontributingtofireandfloodsontheship).HealsotalkedaboutthenecessityofathoroughdesignreviewoftheBWMScomponentsandtheplansoftheshipitistobeinstalledon.ABSwantstomakesurethatBWMSsareinstalledproperlysothatmechanicalissues,safety,etc.,donotbecomeproblems.HeconcludedbypointingoutthattheABSseesthattheimplementationtimelinesamongcountriesarenotconsistentandthateventhedefinitionofa“newship”differsbetweentheEPAandtheUSCG.HeanticipatescomplexretrofittingchallengesaftertheIMOConventionisratified.Communicationisessential,hesaid.ForABStoinsureships,communicationneedstobe100percentaccurate.MiddlebrookaskedifthescopeofABS,whichisglobal,andthescopeoftheCollaborative,whichisregional,aresimilarwithrespecttoinsurancecoverage.Milleranswered,“Yes,it’sallthesame.ABSisnotasfocusedonfreshwater,butthequestionsaresimilar,e.g.,“Wherearewegoingtofindthespace?Whatistype‐approval?”BALLASTWATERTREATMENTACTIVITIESUPDATESAmericanSteamshipCo.ExperimentswithNaOH/CO2:NoelBassett,ASC,presentedasummaryofwhatvesselowners/operators,governmentpartners,andresearchersarelearningfromexperimentstoevaluatehowwellbiocidesaddedtoballasttanksaremixedthroughoutthetankduetoshipmotionandtime.SeveralyearsofeffortledtoseveralshipboardexperimentsontheIndianaHarbor.Bassettsaida2011experimentrequireda24PresentationscanbefoundonthebinationalSeawaywebsiteat:<http://www.greatlakes‐seaway.com/en/environment/ballast_collaborative1208.html>2512/06/2012<http://www.eagle.org/eagleExternalPortalWEB/ShowProperty/BEA%20Repository/Rules&Guides/Current/187_BWT/Guide>

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lotofequipmentbuttheresultsweresatisfying.Uniformitywasobservedatallmeasurementsiteswithintheballasttankafteranhourofmixing.Uniformconcentrationisaconcernbecauseofcomplextankconfigurations.Twotanksweredosedwithsodiumhydroxide(NaOH,50percent)thenneutralizedwithCO2.Thesodiumhydroxidecontainersneededtobeheatedsothechemicaldidn’tturnintoasolid,i.e.,refreeze.ThecrewalsohadtobevigilantaboutkeepingthecryogenicCO2tankcold.Fortunately,off‐gassingassociatedwithbubblingCO2intoballasttankswasnotaproblem.Bassettsaidthatalthoughthetreatmentslikelydidn’treachIMOdischargestandards,GSIscientistscalledtheresults“promising.”Hegavecredittothosewhoworkedontheseexperimentsintheballasttanks.“It’snotaglamorousjob.It’snotapleasantplace”,hesaid.In2012,theIndianaHarborwasusedfortestinganETVsamplingskidbuiltbytheNavalResearchLaboratoryfortheUSCGandMARADtotestBWMScompliance.ResearchersalsocontinuedtoexperimentwithNaOHinconjunctionwiththeETVskidtesting.BassettsaidthatresearchersinjectedNaOHintoincomingwaterattheballastpumpandalsoevaluatedthepotentialuseofCO2producedbyengineexhaustasaneutralizingagent.SomeoneintheaudiencementionedthepossibilitythatastudyconductedbyTransportCanadaonkillingballastwaterorganismswithCO2mightinformtechniquesforcapturingCO2fromexhaust.Bassettsaidthat,onaLakervessel,ballastwaterpumpsworkatsuchahighflow‐ratethattheywouldonlytake20‐30secondstofillanaverageprivateswimmingpool.Hesaidthequestionis“Whatdoyouwanttokill?Everything?Is‘almosteverything’goodenough?Whatcanwedowithwhatwehave?”BassettclosedbythankingMARADforfundingandsaid,“Itfeelsprettygoodtoatleastbedoingsomething.Thecaptainandcrewskindofliketheopportunitytobeinvolvedandalsothedistraction.Lifeonashipcanbeprettyboring.”EverettthankedBassettformakingtheIndianaHarboravailableasatestplatform.Ithashugelyimprovedourabilitytothinkaboutputtingfull‐scalesystemsonboardships,hesaid.Headdedthatthefilterskidtestedin2012wasdesignedtoprovideefficientsamplingforverificationandtype‐approval.It’snotmeantforinspectionsamplingatthistime.Heexplainedthateachcanisterontheskidcontainsabagfilter.Asthefiltersclog,onecanbeswitchedoutwhilesamplingcontinuesthroughtheothercanisters.Itreallysimplifiesourabilitytosample,hesaid.AmeetingattendeeaskedifanNaOH/CO2typeofsystemcouldbeapprovedundertheIMO.WileyansweredthattheConvention’sG8isonlyaguidelineandit’suptoacountrytodecideifatechnologyisacceptable.IntheGreatLakes,aBWMShastohaveapprovalfromboththeU.S.andCanada.

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Everett:Ididn’tseeanythingaboutthesodiumhydroxideapproachthatwouldn’tbeokasasystemsomeday,however,itseemslikeitisonlyanemergencyprotocolatthistime.Ifyoucouldgetitintothelineasballastiscomingin,maybeitcouldbeavalidsystem.Meetingattendee:thecostperdosemightbeabetterreturnoninvestmentthana$3millionBWMS.Bassett:10,000gallonsofsodiumhydroxidewouldtreattopH12on1,000‐footlaker.Thedosedropsto1,000gallonsforapH11.What’sattractivetomeishowsimpleitis.WhatwehavetodoisagreeonwhetherapH11iseffectiveenough(itismuchlessexpensivetoachieve).Fednav,Ltd.,ExperimentswithChlorine:MarcGagnon,DirectorofGovernmentAffairs,Fednav,Ltd.,presentedinformationaboutahybridballastwatertreatmentprojectthatbeganlastyear.HesaidthepurposeofthestudyistodeterminewhatstandardcouldbeachievedbytreatingballastwaterthathasundergoneBallastWaterExchange/SaltWaterFlushing(BWE/SWF)withchlorine.Gagnonconsideredchlorineanear‐termandinterimtreatmenttechnologythatwouldbelowcostandeasytouse.Basically,we’reusingMotherNature,hesaid.HesaidFednavdoesn’tconductresearch,perse,buttheyarecollaboratingwiththeUniversityofWindsor(Dr.HughMacIsaac),MERC,andtheCanadiangovernment.ChlorinedosingexperimentswereconductedaboardtheFederalVenture,ashipthattravelsfromtheSt.LawrenceRivertoBrazil.Duringtwovoyages,asolutionof12percentbleachwasaddedtotheballasttanks.PreliminaryresultsfromonevoyageindicatedthatenterococcusandcoliformbacteriawerelessnumerousindosedwaterandevenlessnumerousindosedwaterthathadgonethroughBWE/SWF.Hecalledthepreliminaryresults,whichshouldbeavailableearlyin2013,“promising.”Heexpectsthefinalresultstobeavailableinthespringof2014.CSLExperimentswithFiltration:RobertLewis‐ManningandLiliaKhodjetElKhilpresentedonbehalfoftheCanadianShipownersAssociation(CSA)andCSLrespectively.TherewerealargenumberofrepresentativesfromCanadaintheroombecauseoftheirconcernsabouteducationandtheneedforsharingperspectivesacrossborders.DuringthediscussionitwasnotedthattheU.S.haskepttheindustrybusy.Fromanindustryperspective,thelackofunifiedregulationsisthebiggestproblem.Fromnorthoftheborder,itfeelsliketheCanadianfleethasbeenleftoutoftheU.S.equation.TheCanadianfleetisdifferentfromtheU.S.fleet.BallastwaterlegislationisespeciallychallengingastheCanadianfleetisgoingthroughanaggressivefleetrenewalandtheyareconcernedthatsomenewshipsmightnotbeincompliancewiththeballastwaterregulatoryframework.KhodjetElKhilexplainedthatCSLisbasedinMontrealandowns19vesselsthattradeintheGreatLakes.However,CSLispartoflargergroupwithmanymoreships.Wehavetwoproblems,shesaid,anintroductionissueandasecondary‐transferissue.Forintroduction,shesaidtheCSLsupportstheIMOballastwaterdischargestandards.Forthesecondary‐

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transferissueintheGreatLakes,shesaidtheCSLbelievesthatadvancedfiltrationmightbetheanswer.Inseekingthissolution,theCSLassessedthebestavailableBWMSthathadbeenIMOtype‐approvedforuseinallwaters.ThecompanyinstalledaUnitorBWMSonboardtheM/VRichelieuin2011,whichcostaboutUS$3million.Unfortunately,soonafterthatUnitorwithdrewtheBWMSfromthemarket.CSL’sexperiencepromptedKhodjetElKhiltocautiontheCollaborative:

AnIMOtype‐approvedsystemisnotaguaranteeforcompliance. TherearehugefinancialconsequencesassociatedwithearlyinstallmentofBWMS.

Asoftoday,shesaid,thereisnoballastwatertechnologyproventoworkefficientlyinthefreshwateroftheGreatLakes.However,thissummer,CSLhopestotestthefiltrationtechnologythatwaspartoftheUnitorsystem.Whyfiltration?KhodjetElKhilsaidthatwhenstudyingthemovementofwaterbyCSLvessels,theynoticedthatthreeaquaticinvasivespecieswithahigherpotentialofbeingtransferredwerefairlylarge(fishhookwaterflea,rudd,bloodyredshrimp).TheirstudystartedinJulywithtwoobjectives:

(1) Assesstheperformanceofthefilterinrealconditions(onaseatrial,onatypicalvoyage,duringcommercialoperations);and

(2) Gainexperience.ShesaidthatanyonewhothinksshippingcompaniesandBWMSvendorsarenottryinghardenoughshouldtalktothem.Itisverycleartothegroupthatscienceandtechnologyisalwaysevolvingandthatthisevolutionischangingassumptions,andinsomeinstances,bestmanagementpracticesforballastwater.ShesaidthatCSAembarkedontheirballastwatertransferprojectinanefforttoarriveattechnicalsolutionsthatreflectaship‐owner’sbestunderstandingoftheavailablescienceandtechnology.RickHarkinsdiscussedthetechnicalaspectsoffittingtheCSLRichelieuwithballastwaterfiltrationunits.HesaidtheshiphastwomodestballasttanksandthatlikemostshipsintheGreatLakes,itspipingandballastingsystemareuniquetotheship.Theyfoundretrofittingsuchequipmentonashipisextremelydifficultcomparedtoinstallationonnewshipsdesignedtoreceivesuchsystems.Nevertheless,theyinstalledtwofilterswith24self‐cleaningstainlesssteelwiremeshelementsineachfilterwiththeunderstandingthatsuchmechanicaldeviceswillneverachieve100%removalofallparticleslessthan50microns.Theunitsweredesignedtoworkonuptake;tokeeptheorganismsoutofthevessel.Theefficacyofthesefragilefiltersdependsonthesizeofthewireandthewire‐weavingpattern.HarkinremindedtheCollaborativethatwhatever’sputonashiphastobeabletobetakenapartandserviced…anddon’tforgetpower.UVunits,forexample,takealotofpower.HarkinssaidthatCSLisstilllookingforsomethingtoreplacethefiltersontheRichelieubutthataftertwomonthsoftryingtheyhaven’tfoundanything.Harkinsendedhisdiscussionbysaying,“Arethereadvancesinfiltrationtechnology?Yes.We’re

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challengingthefiltermanufacturesoftheworldtocomeupwithfiltersthatcanhandleourhighflowrates.”KhodjetElKhildiscussedthescientificpartoftheexperiment.AfterthelastCollaborativemeeting,CSLandscientistsfromCanada’sDepartmentofFisheriesandOceans(DFO)decidedtotesttheUnitorfiltrationunit.Dr.SarahBailey(DFO)suggestedthreetrialsinwarmweather,whichwereconductedinJuly2012.KhodjetElKhilemphasizedthatshipboardtestingisnoteasyandrequiresendurance.ForCSLitwasacommercialchallengeontopofalltheotherchallenges,becauseitdelayedthescheduleoftheshipandrequiredlogisticalarrangements,humanresourcesandexpertise.Ontopofwhichthecostwassignificant:$750,000.KhodjetElKhilsaidthepreliminaryresultsshouldbeavailableinSeptember2012withthefinalresultscomingoutbytheendoftheyear.ShesaidtheexpectationistoknowhowthefilterperformedwithaquaticinvasivespeciesfoundintheGreatLakesandwhatthechallengesare.CSLcontinuestobelievethatthetransferissueintheGreatLakescanbeadequatelyaddressedbybestmanagementpracticescoupledwithadvancedfiltration.ShegavecredittothecaptainandthecrewoftheRichelieuandnotedthattheywereexcitedtohaveabouttheopportunitytoparticipate.RamthankedtheCSLforenablingscientiststoworkwiththeballastwatercomingfromanoperatingvessel.Heacknowledgedthechallengesofshippingschedules(thefirstsamplescameofftheRichelieuat10minutestomidnight).HesaidhisgroupanalyzedtheDNAinthewaterandwassurprisedtofindthat,althoughfiltrationunitsaredesignedtofilteroutlargerorganisms,theyalsoseemedtodiminishthenumberofsmallerorganisms.TheyalsoanalyzedtheDNAfromtheIndianaHarborlastyear;thebiologicalpopulationoftheintakelooksverydifferentafterbeingdosedwithsodiumhydroxide.Resultsareexpectedtobereportedinthenearfuture.KhodjetElKhilsaidthatshipownersclearlydon’twantasystemonboardthatisnotworkingandtheyrecognizethattype‐approvaldoesnotguaranteecompliance.Theywanttype‐approvedsystemsthatwillworkintheGreatLakeswithsomelevelofassurance‐vesselowners/operatorswon’tspendabunchofmoneyonstuffthatdoesn’twork.ItseemsliketheonlyoptionistorelyontheILsthatperformtype‐approvaltestingandhopethatthechosenBWMSwillbecompliant.CangelosisaidthatGSIdoesnotcertifyBWMS(that’stheregulator’sjob)buthearingthispresentationmadeherevenmorecommittedtoensuringGSIdoesitsbesttoserveshipper’sneedssotheycanmakesmartpurchasingdecisions.Ameetingattendeesaidthatthevalueoftodayforhimhasbeenrecognizingthewaysthattheshippingindustryhassteppedforwardtobecomeleadersinballastwatermanagementsolutions.It’sinterestingtohearthedifficultiesofinstallingsystemsonships,hesaid,andalsothatcrewsarecomingupwiththesuggestionsandsolvingproblems.It’sgoodthat

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regulatorsarealsointheroomdiscussingtheseissues.Kudostotheoperatorsforgettinginvolvedinthis!Côtésuggestedthatsincecomplianceisverydifferentfromtype‐approval,inordertoobtainaBWMSthatrespectsaparticularenvironment(likethecoldfreshwateroftheGreatLakes),thedatesforinstallationofBWMSareuntenable.EverettrespondedthatifthequestioniswhetherashiphastohaveeitheraBWMSonboardorbecompliant,theansweris“Yes.”HesaidtheUSCGphilosophicalapproachisthattype‐approvalandcompliancearesimilar.TheEPArequiresthatthedischargebecompliant;thiscouldbeachievedinmultipleways,hesaid.USCGrequirescompliance,andifshipsareusingaBWMStoachievecompliance,theBWMSmustbetype‐approvedbytheUSCG.Everett:Whatthismeansisthatifyouhaveatype‐approvedsystem,weknowthesystemhasgonethrougharigoroustestingproceduresothelikelihoodofitachievingcomplianceishigh.Fromacompliancestandpoint,systemswithouttype‐approvalarerisky.Thisisadifferencethathasnotbeenrecognizedinternationallywithenoughclarity.ForeignflagstateapprovalwillaccelerateU.S.type‐approvalbutwon’tbeasubstituteforit.Forexample,type‐approvalfromSouthAfricamaynotaddresssalinityandtestingprotocolslikeU.S.type‐approvalwould.Aflagstatemightissuetype‐approvalbuttheportstatealsohasasayoverwhathappensintheircountry.Cangelosicautionedvesselowners/operatorstomakesurethatthetype‐approvedBWMStheypurchasereflectsrealworldcompliance.Mandelman,NutechO3:Canvesselowners/operatorsinstallatype‐approvedsystemandbecriminallyprosecuted?Itsoundslikegroundsforentrapmentandseriouslegalissues.Hasanyonethoughtaboutmakingatype‐approvedsystemautomaticallycompliant?SylvestersaidthatWisconsinisinterestedinworkingwithvesselowners/operatorstoreachcomplianceandwouldnotprosecutevesselowners/operatorswhowereactingingoodfaith.We’relearningheretoo,shesaid.It’salearningprocessofhowtogetthere;onceasystemhasbeeninstalled,weexpectittobemaintainedandtweakedwhenneeded.We’reallworkingonthesameissueofhowtoprotecttheGreatLakes.IsleRoyaleNationalParkBallastWaterManagementUpdate:PhyllisGreensummarizedtheworktheNationalParkService(NPS)hasbeendoingtokeepAISoutofthewatersaroundIsleRoyale,especiallyviatheNPSvessel,RangerIII.Shesaidthateventhoughaboaters’associationissuingtheNPSforover‐regulation,thepubliccaresaboutAIS.Regulatorswillworkwithpeoplewillingtocleantheirboats.AsexplainedinpreviousCollaborativereports,theNPSinitiatedanemergencyballastwatertreatmentofsodiumhypochloriteasabiocidewithenoughsoaktimetokilltheVHSviruswhichtargetsfish(virusesarenotaddressedintheIMOstandard).GreensaidtheRangerIIIcrewwasalwaysabletoneutralizethechlorinewithascorbicacidtomeet

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Michiganstandardsbeforedischargingtheballastwater.Whenthetreatmentwasimplementedmanually,itcosttheNPSabout$2,400foreachdosing.Toimplementanautomatedchlorine‐basedBWMS,sheestimatedtheoperatingcostwouldbehalfofthemanualoperatingcostsbutthattheinstallationandtestingcostswouldbeover$590,000.TheNPSwasawardedGreatLakesRestorationInitiativefundstoputapermanentBWMSonboardtheRangerIII.GreenthankedABSforproducingtheirBallastWaterTreatmentSystemGuide;itwashelpastheNPSreviewedthefourBWMSthatseemedmostlikelytosucceedaboardtheRangerIII.TheNPSchosetheHydeMarine“Guardian”UV/filtrationsystemandhaditinstalledinApril2012.Inretrospect,GreenrecommendedworkingwithGSIbeforeinstallingaBWMSsothesamplingportmeetsGSIcriteria.Installationcostsincluded:

Projectmanagementovertwoyears‐$35,000 Selectionprocess(acostindustrywouldnotincur)‐$140,000 Hydeprovideda$170,000system Installation(costhigherthanaveragebecauseinstalltimewassplittoaccommodatepassengervoyages)‐$155,000

TheinstallationcostswerehigherthanindustrywouldincurbecauseofNPSrules(FrasierShipyarddidtheengineering).Greenreporteda100percentkillrateonbacteriabythetimetheballastwaterwasdischarged(inflowkillratewas95‐100percent)andthatETV‐styletestingisscheduledtobeginin2012.Inheropinion,bacteriacountscouldreachIMOtargetswitheitherchlorineorUVtreatmentsofballastwaterintheGreatLakes.SheexpectsresultsoftheETV‐styletestingontheRangerIIItobeavailablebytheendofsummer.Cangelosiexplainedthatthedescriptor“ETV‐style”reflectsthattheETVprotocolisstillindevelopmentandRangerIIIisnotatypicalship,it’sapassengervessel,notdry‐bulkcargo.GSIislearningfromthisexperience.RamsaidthathislaboratoryhadaninternonIsleRoyaleallsummerforBWMStesting.Onthereturntripthehold‐timeforsampleswaslongerbecauseofthedistancebetweenHoughton(thedock)andWayneState;however,theresultswereconsistent.Green’shopeisthat,ultimately,theHydeMarineBWMScanbescaleduptoworkonGreatLakes1,000‐footers,althoughsherecognizesthereislikelynotonesolutionforallships.SheacknowledgedtheCollaborativeforcreatingimportantstepping‐stonesthatenabledtheNPStoachieveimportantmilestonesandgoalsandpresentedtwoawards,onetoJoeFarrelli(FrasierShipyard)fortheenthusiasmheexhibitedduringtheBWMSinstallation,andtheothertoNoelBassett,ASC,forhisfantasticjobofreviewingNPSplans.GreenconcludedwithastatementthatNPSwantstogetto“noorganisms”inballastwaterdischargeandisnotafraidtochange‐outsystems.Sheencouragedvesselowners/operatorstoholdasimilargoalofnoorganismsinballastwaterdischarge.

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BWMSVENDORPRESENTATIONSJimCosman,TrojanMarinex,commentedthatsomeoftheconversationsweredéjàvuforhim,havingworkedinthedrinkingwaterrealm.TrojanMarinexistheworld’slargestmanufacturerofUVdisinfectionsystemsfordrinkingwaterandwastewaterandhasexperiencewithtreatingdifficultflowrates.ThecompanyevenhasexperiencewithETVProtocolsfordrinkingwater.Trojan’sBWMSincorporatesfiltrationandUVtechnology.ThecompanyintendstohaveUSCGtype‐approvalforthissystembytheendoftheyear.CurrentlyitisbeingtestedontheGoldenBearunderavarietyofenvironmentalconditions.Cosmanacknowledgedthattype‐approvalisnoguaranteeofcompliance,butthecompanyisworkingtolimitriskforthosepurchasingthesystembydippingtheirfeetinthewatersofshipboardtesting.Cosmannotedthecomplexandshiftingglobalregulatorylandscape,andalsothatitisconvergingonU.S.type‐approval,likeitornot.Hetalkedabouttheissuesassociatedwithforeigntype‐approvalandAMSpermits,andalsothoseassociatedwithdifferentwaterenvironments,suchastheGreatLakes(veryfresh,coldwater,highflowrates,shortvoyages,filtrationchallenges).RelatedtoIMOtype‐approvaltesting,BWMSvendorscanshoparoundforwaterqualitythatsuitstheirsystem‐theycancherry‐picktheconditions.HesaidTrojanwilltesttheirsystemsundermanydifferentconditions.CosmansaidscalingisaveryimportantissueandamajorityofBWMSaretestedat250cubicmetersperhourflowrates.HehasquestionsabouthowtheUSCGwillvalidatethemodelsforscaling.TrojanhasfourIMOtype‐approvedsystems.TheirplanistovalidateoneofthesmallestBWMSsinland‐basedtestsandtestthelargestmodelatnormalballastingrates.HesaidthecompanyhasspentalotoftimeoptimizingitsBWMSfilterstobalanceperformanceandoperability.Middlebrook,SLSDC:What’sgoingtohappeninthenext24months?Cosman:We’reseeingU.S.type‐approvalbecomingthedefactostandard.Therearevendorsinthisroom,buttherearemorewhoarenothere.EuropeanvendorsmightbeindenialaboutwhatishappeningintheU.S.GernotSeebacher,CleanBallastRWO,spokeaboutthesmallMontreal‐basedcompany,whichispartofalargercompany(RWO)basedinGermany.HesaidCleanBallastchoosestestsitestorepresentreal‐worldharborconditionsandthattheyarelookingatsedimentsandfiltrationveryclosely.Hesaid,performancedropsoffquicklyformeshfilters,whichareimpairedbytheback‐flushingrequiredafterballasting.RWOusesadiscfilterandSeebacherexplainedthatCleanBallastusesOHradicalsfordisinfectingtheirfilters.RWOpurchasedacompanythatdevelopedanOHprocesssotheycouldcontrolthesuccessofthetechnology.Toproducethehydroxideradicalsonlywaterandacurrentarenecessary.CleanBallastproduceagoodkillrateandoffersalgaemonitorsasanoptionalfeature.ThesystemismodularandinlinewithwhattheUSCG

37

wouldrequireforaBWMSinstallation.SeebachersaidthatheheardatGreenTech2012thatorganismscansurviveinballasttankresidualsforadecade.ItisthereforeprudenttorunwaterthroughBWMScominginandgoingoutoftheship,andtheirsystemcandothat.Francis:Itseemslikewhateverweusewillrequirefiltration.IsbackwashingOK?Seebacher:Backwashingtosourceisallowed,butstatesmighthaveanissuewithputtingmaterialfromnon‐sourcewaterintoaharbor.MarkRiggio,HydeMarine,spokeabouttheBWMShiscompanyhasinstalledonships.BeforecomingtoHydeMarineaboutayearearlier,hewasaco‐authoronastudyabouttheballastwatermarketandconductedinspectionsofshipsforABS.HydeMarinesystemsuseUV,chosenfortheirrobustnessandthefactthatshipsoftenalreadyhaveUVcapacityonboardfortreatingpotablewater.HydeMarinehasoneofoldesttype‐approvals,from2008.Hesaidthereareabout580BWMSonboardshipsintheworldandthatHydeMarinehasabout60ofthem.Theirfirstonewasinstalledin2003onaPrincesscruiseship.Hydeisprocessoriented.They’veadaptedtheirsystemfor58conditions.Mostoftheirsystemstakeabouttwoweekstoinstall;they’veretrofittedsomeshipsenroute.Thekeyistogetoutthereandgettoknowthesystems.Theypursueclientsinterestedinlearningalongwiththecompanyandtheyrecognizetheydon’thaveatreatmentsystemforeveryship.Riggio:Workwithmetoadaptmybestsystem…andwithothervendorstoadapttheirsystems.Butgetthemonboard!!We’lllearntogether!RobustBWMStake4‐5yearstogetIMOtype‐approval.KevinDunnandJohnBatt,Aquatron,aDalhousieUniversity‐basedcompanyinHalifax.AquatroniswithinDalhousie’sOceansExcellenceCentreandhasthecapacitytohandlelargevolumesofwaterathighpumpingrates.Aquatronresearchdoesn’thavetobepublished(researchersworkcontractuallytodeveloppatents).Theyalsohaveaworld‐classmarinelawgroupandaLloyd’sChairinRisk(oneoffourintheworld).Aquatronhasbeeninbusinesssincethe1970sworkinginareassuchasshellfishpoisoning,foodadditivesforfishfood,andfishvaccines.DunncommentedthatthelevelofexperienceatDalhousieUniversityinthisareaisfantasticandsuggestedthatwhatthey’relearningisveryvaluable…notjustforsciencebutforballastwatertesting.HesaidAquatronwouldmakeauniquepartnerinballastwatertestingintheU.S.andisalreadyworkingwiththeIMO.Cangelosiaskediftheyhavealeadbiologist.BattsaidhisbackgroundisinbiologyandAquatronishousedwithDalhousie’snaturalsciencesdepartment.

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GreatShipsInitiativeUpdateAllegraCangelosisaidthatGSIispreparedtoevaluateBWMSatbench,land‐based,andshipboardscales.Theytestforefficacy(bothbiologicalandoperational)andtheresidualtoxicityofchemicalsamongotherthings.GSI’sstrengthisitsindependencefromvendorswayanditstransparencyinofferingthemethodsandresultsinawaythatthepubliccanaccess.GSI’sgoalistogeneratereliableBWMStestingfortheGreatLakes.CangelosisaidthatGSIisconductingafulldocketofbenchtestsonBWMSthatarestillbeingdeveloped.Ataland‐basedscale,GSIresearchersarehelpingwithBWMSdevelopment,identifyingmethodsforanalyzingefficacy,andtheyhavebeenapproachedforcertificationtesting.Ataship‐basedlevel,theyarehelpingvalidateETVProtocols,whichallowsforuseofautomatedtestingsystemsdevelopedbytheU.S.Navy.CangelosithenlistedsomeoftheworktheGSIwasconductingandsomeoftheBWMSinvolved.ShealsomentionedthenewmesocosmstudytheGSIwaspursuingtoaddressadeficitofinformationtheNationalResearchCouncil(NRC)identifiedintheirreport,AssessingtheRelationshipbetweenPropagulePressureandInvasionRiskinBallastWater(2011)26.Init,CangelosisaidtheNRCsuggestedthattherelationshipbetweendischargevolume,propagulepressureandtheriskofinvasionneedstobequantifiedboththroughexperimentalmesocosmexperimentsandfieldsurveys(ofspeciesestablishmentinharborsandoccuranceinshipdischarges).AmajorstudyfundedbytheGreatLakesProtectionFundandbeingconductedatGSIwillexploremethodsforbothaspects(mesocosmexperimentsandsurveywork)ofarisk‐releaseassessment.Themesocosmexperimentsaretakingplacein20onecubicmetertanksspikedwithspinywaterfleaslocatedatGSI.Thewaterfleasareintroducedinreplicate,andinvaryingquantities,acrossthe20tanks.Theexperimentisbeingrepeatedacrossseasons.TheGSIworkrelatedtothefieldsurveyapproachtoassessingtherisk‐releaserelationshipinvolvesdevelopingamethodforharborandshipsurveys.TheGSIisattemptingtodevelopagoodproxyforassessingriskbecause,Cangelosisaid,therearetoomanyshipstochecktheballastofeachone,andriskvariesbyseason,byship,andbyvoyage.Cangelosisaid:Thisisallforvalidationandasking‘whathappenswhentheyareinamodel?’Canyougetbywithfivemesocosmsordoyouneedall20?Thesearethetypeofquestionswearegrapplingwith.’ShealsomentionedtheHarmfulMicrobesProject,whichasks:“WhatarewemissingbystickingtotheIMOguidelines?Whatshouldwebeworriedabout?Whatarethebestwaystomeasurethemintheland‐basedcontext?”Lewis‐Manning,CSA,asked:DoyouseeaconnectionbetweenCanadianworkandyours?CangelosiansweredthattheCanadianstudyassumesthatifthereislesspropagulepressurethenthereislessrisk,whichisavalidassumption,butsomestillwanttoknowhowlowdoweneedtogotobesafefromnewspeciesestablishments.TheGSIwork

2612/06/2012<http://www.northwestenvironmentaladvocates.org/blog/wp‐content/uploads/2011/12/dt_intfc4d86844e01a23_4efcfeb4133b3.pdf?NAS%20Report%202011.pdf>

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attemptstoquantifythepropagulepressurethatissufficienttoinitiateanewspeciesestablishment..Everettasked:Withrespecttoyourbenchtests,isinformationproprietary?Cangelosirepliedthattreatmentdeveloperssignagreementsthatthedataarepublic.Theonlytimewedidn’twaswithacontractwiththeDFO.ShesaidtheGSIisstartingtorequirethattherebeIMOapprovalifthereisanactivesubstanceinvolvedwiththeBWMStechnology.Respondingtoaquestionabouttheapproachforinsuringuniformtestingbetweenlabs,CangelosisaidNSFInternational’sBallastWaterConsortium(whichincludesGSI,MERC,anda“shakerattleandroll”validationfirmnamedRetliff)likelyreceivedUSCGILcertificationbecauseGSIandMERCstrictlyadheretotheETVProtocol,whichprovidesastrongstandardizedmeansoftesting.ShesaidthatbecauseoftheroomforinterpretationintheProtocolotherlabscouldstillbefollowingdifferentmethods.ShecautionedthatvendorsneedtopickthefacilitythatchallengestheBWMSthemost,andgivesthemthemostconfidenceinresults.OneoftheBWTSvendorsaskediftherewilleverbeonestandardfortypeapproval.EverettrepliedthataninternationallyconsistentmethodfortypeapprovalofBWMSmightneverhappen.You’llalwaysseeundertheConvention,ifitistocomeintoforce,variationinportstateprotocols,hesaid.Rightnow,theconventionisaguidelinenotarule.Therearesignificantportionsthatareaddressedvaguely,onpurpose(unknownaspectswhenitwaswritten)….andsomeblankspaceswheretherearenoguidelines.Thatbeingsaid,theU.S.perspectiveisarticulatedintheETVProtocols,amoredevelopedversionoftheV8Guidelines.EverettsaidthatUSCGtypeapprovalproceduresreflectproceduresrefinedbyindustryandmanufactures.Cangelosithinksthatovertheyears,afterbuildingupacasehistoryofhowtype‐approvedsystemsrelatetoreal‐worldperformanceandviceversa,evaluationprotocolswillbehoned.Hettler,USCG,fieldedaquestionabouthowtheUSCGensuresthatindependentlaboratoriesareworthcertifying.HesaidthattheNSFlabwasfirstthathesawandheauditedthefourpiecesofthelaboratoryapplicationlinebyline.HesaidhewoulddothesameforanyotherapplicationthatcrossedhisdeskbutasoftheCollaborativemeeting,nonehave.However,hewasexpectingthreeonhisdeskwithinaweekandwouldconsiderapplicationsfromforeignports.CangelosisaidtheGSIapproachedNSFInternationalbecauseofNSF’sknowledgeofexistingETVProtocolsandisanIndependentLaboratoryforothermarinesystems(re:drinkingwateronships).ShealsosaidNSFappealedtolargelypublicallyfundedGSIandMERCbecauseitisanon‐profitorganizationthatsharedtheirbeliefsystemabouttransparency,inclusiveness,strongqualityassuranceandqualitycontrolintesting.ShesaidthatastypeapprovingaBWMSbecomesareality,theyareproducingpoliciesandproceduresthatinvolveatransactionbetweenvendorsandNSFandthenatransactionbetweenNSFandGSIandMERC.

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CLOSINGCOMMENTSMiddlebrookthankedthepresentersandacknowledgedthevalueoftheCanadianperspective.“I’mgladwehaveidentifiedmoreofthegaps,”hesaid.“Whatthatmeanstomeisthatyouhaveabetterideaofwhatyoudidn’tknowbeforeyougotherethatyoudidn’tknowyoudidn’tknow.Thegapsaregettingmuchnarrower.”Middlebrook’sfullclosingstatementisincludedinAppendix1.PresentationsfromthisSixthMeetingoftheGreatLakesBallastWaterCollaborativearepostedonthebinationalSeawaywebsite.27

2712/06/2012<http://www.greatlakes‐seaway.com/en/environment/ballast_collaborative1208.html>

APPENDIX1

OPENINGANDCLOSINGREMARKSCraigMiddlebrook

ActingAdministrator,SaintLawrenceSeawayDevelopmentCorporation‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

OpeningRemarksforGreatLakesBallastWaterCollaborativeMeeting

August2,2012

ThankstoEPALabrepresentative,MarkBurrows–IJC,andMinnesotaSeaGrant.Introductionsmadearoundtheroom.ThankyoutoeveryonehereforcomingtoDuluth/Superior.Onceagainwehaveallthekeystakeholdergroupswithastakeinthisissuerepresented.Letmesay“thankyou”toyouaswellforyourcontinuedengagementinthisissue.Ithasbeenalong,informative,and“messy”roadoverthepastseveralyears,andthatroadisstillunderconstruction,butthecontoursofthatroadarenowatleastdefinedandunderconstruction.Thenewballastwatermanagementregulatorystructureistakingshape,andwhileitisnotyetcomplete,wearestartingtomoveintothenextphaseofthis…“journey”…“theimplementationphase”,whichwillbeaprimaryfocusofourmeetingoverthenexttwodays.It’sappropriatethatweareabletomeetagainhereinDuluth/Superior,wherewelastmetinJuly2010.MinnesotaSeaGrant,andDaleBergeroninparticular,wasakeycatalystforenvisioningthisideaoftheGreatLakesBallastWaterCollaborative.ThepositiveeffectsoftheCollaborative’sworkhavereverberatedfarbeyondtheTwinPortsarea,andshowonceagainthepowerofagoodidea.Whentheauthoritativecasestudyiswrittenseveralyearsfromnow‐‐andcertainlynosoonerthanJanuary1,2016–aboutthetumultuousdecadeofballastwatermanagementfrom2006to2016,therecognizedroleplayedbytheCollaborativewillbesecure.TheconstructiveroleoftheBallastWaterCollaborativeinbringingtogetheradiversegroupofkeystakeholderswasvitallynecessaryin2009andremainsrelevanttoday.WelastgatherednotquiteayearagoinBaltimore,Maryland,andsincethatmeeting,muchhastranspired:

o ThepublicationofEPA’sproposedVGP(VGP2);o ThepublicationbytheUSCGofitsfinalballastwaterdischargerule;ando Thepublicationoftheproposedstate401CertificationsundertheCWA.

Thesethreedevelopmentsalonewouldbesufficientforatwo‐daydiscussion.Butwait,there’smore:

o TherequirementsoftheUSCG’stype‐approvalprocessarenowknown;ando TheEnvironmentalTestingVerificationprotocolsarefinallypartoftheFinal

Rule;ando Thefirstindependentlaboratoryconsortiumhasbeencertifiedandincludes

bothGSIandMERC.Inaddition,carriersplyingtheLakeshavecontinuedtheireffortstoadoptthebestmanagementpracticesandtolookforeffectivetechnologiestomitigatetheintroductionandspreadrisks.Finally,overthepast10months,BallastWaterManagementSystemdevelopershavebeenactiveindrivingresearchandtestingofemergingtreatmenttechnologiesforinstallationonboardvessels.Putallofthattogetherandithasbeen,onceagain,anamazinglybusyyearofballast‐water‐managementrelatedactivity.Fortunately,weonceagainhavethebestpeopleintheroomtohelpguideusthroughthisdizzymazeofcomplexity.Atitsmostbasic,theCollaborativehasbeenaboutmakingconnectionsandbroadeningunderstandingtoeffectprogress.That’swhatwe’llseektodooverthenexttwodays.Ouragendaisasfullasever,andwehaven’tleftmuchdown‐time,givenallwehavetocover.But,bynow,youknowwhatyousignedupfor,andwemakenoapologies.Afterthreeyears,we’vedevelopedawayofworking.Wewillstartoffwithdetailedupdatesfromthekeystakeholderrepresentatives.Discussionandquestionsareactivelyencouraged.Wewillfocusatthismeetinglatertodayandtomorrowonquestionssurroundingtheimplementationofthenewlyemergingregulatorystructure.Tomorrow’sdiscussion,ledbyChrisWileyofTC/FO,willbeveryinformative,aswekeyinonthequestionof“HowarewetogetBallastWaterManagementSystems”inplacefortheGreatLakesSt.LawrenceSeawaySystemasquicklyaspossible?IwanttothanktheIJC,itscommissionersand,particularly,MarkBurrows,fortheircontinuedpartnershipwiththeSeawayinfacilitatingtheCollaborative.IwouldalsoliketothankAllegraCangelosi,ExecutiveDirectoroftheNortheastMidwestInstitute,forinvitingeveryoneovertoGSIthisafternoonforatouroftheGSIfacilityalongwithsnacks!Afterwards,wewillretiretothe“ThirstyPagan”indowntownSuperior,wherewecanbetterunderstandwhatwe’lldiscusstoday.OurgratitudeisalsoduetoMinnesotaSeaGrantanditsDirectorJeffGunderson,whowillbeprovidingthelunchestodayandtomorrow.

Onceagain,weareextremelyfortunatetohavesciencewriterSharonMoenfromMinnesotaSeaGrantwithus,tomemorializewhatoccursheretodayandtomorrow.Finally,allowmetoexpressmypersonalthankstoDr.MarvourneenDolor,whohasbeen,asshehasforeveryCollaborativemeetingoverthepastthreeyears,the“IndispensableOne”whohaskeptthisoperationorganizedandmovingforward.Ifyouhaven’theard,MarvourneenhasacceptedanewpositioninSeptemberattheGreatLakesObservingSysteminAnnArbor,Michigan.Iamcryingontheinside,butIspeakforallofuswhenIsaythatwearethrilledforherandforus,asshewillremainakeyplayerinourGreatLakesSeawaycommunity.ThankyouMarvoforallyou’vedonefortheCollaborative.IencourageeveryonetotakeaminuteoverthenexttwodaystowishMarvourneenwellandtothankherforallherworkonbehalfoftheGreatLakesBallastWaterCollaborative.Withthat,let’sgetstarted……

‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

ClosingRemarksforGreatLakesBallastWaterCollaborativeMeetingAugust3,2012

Asageneralrule,organizationsandindividualsfailtocommunicatebyorderof10times.I’vebeenawareofthatfactforawhile,butIunderstandmorefullynowhowtruethatis.Iwon’tbeabletoappropriatelysummarizeallthatwassaidandwe’llhavethatkindofusefuldetailinthefinalreport.WhatIwillsharenowasmyconcludingremarksiswhatIfeel,fromallI’veheardoverthelast48hours,isclearertomenowthanonWednesdayevening:

1. Thisprocessisincrediblycomplicatedandmultidimensional;2. Wearetryingtoconnectandcommunicate,but….;3. Wearestrugglingwithquestionsoflanguage,and….;4. Wearestrugglingtoaccommodatetwocomplianceregimes:aregulations‐based

regimeandapermit‐basedregime;5. Wearefirmlyintheimplementationphase.The“rubberismeetingtheroad”aswe

begintotackleallthechallengesassociatedwithgettingBallastWaterManagementSystemsonboardvesselsinthenearfuture;

6. Thereisastrongsensethatshipowner‐relatedconcernshavenotbeenbroughtforward,forwhateverreasons,asearlyinthetechnicaldevelopmentoftestingprotocolsashaveotherconcerns,butthoseconcernsarefrontandcenternow;

7. WeareconvergingonandaroundtheUSCGfinalrule;8. IwouldaddonemoreitemtoChrisWiley’sexcellentlistofwhathelearnedin

Minnesota.“YOUHAVETOBEENGAGED!”;9. Thisisaprocessandwearemakingprogress…slowly…butsteadily;and10. Wehavefurthercommunicatingandworktodo.

Someonesaidtodayduringabreak:“IappreciatethebenefitsIgainfromcomingtothesemeeting,butIalwaysleavemoredepressedthanbefore.”That’sprobablyaccurate,buttoputitanotherway,afterattendingaBallastWaterCollaborativemeetingweprobablyjusthaveabetterideaofwhatitisthatwedidn’tknowbefore.Therealmofuncertaintyandinformationgapsarestillthere,butthatrealmisgettingsmaller.Threeyearsago,theoperativereactionstotheballastwaterchallengeswere“denial”and“anger.”Fromthetemperatureintheroomforthepasttwodays,Iwouldcharacterizethemnowas“frustration”and“fear.”That’sprogress;seeyounexttime.

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APPENDIX2

REPORTABBREVIATIONSAquaticInvasiveSpecies...............................................................................................................................AISAlternateManagementSystem................................................................................................................AMSAdenosineTri‐Phosphate...........................................................................................................................ATPBulkLiquidsandGases.................................................................................................................................BLGBestManagementPractice........................................................................................................................BMPBallastWaterCollaborative......................................................................................................................BWCBallastWaterExchange..............................................................................................................................BWEBallastWaterManagementSystem...................................................................................................BWMSCanadianShipownersAssociation...........................................................................................................CSACanadaSteamshipLines................................................................................................................................CSLCanada’sDepartmentofFisheriesandOceans.................................................................................DFOExclusiveEconomicZone.............................................................................................................................EEZEnvironmentalProtectionAgency...........................................................................................................EPAEPAEnvironmentalTechnologyVerification.....................................................................................ETVFederalInsecticide,Fungicide,andRodenticideAct..................................................................FIFRAGreatShipsInitiative......................................................................................................................................GSIInternationalJointCommission..................................................................................................................IJCIndependentLaboratory..................................................................................................................................ILInternationalMaritimeOrganization....................................................................................................IMOU.S.MaritimeAdministration.............................................................................................................MARADInternationalConventionforthePreventionofPollutionfromShips...........................MARPOLMarineEnvironmentProtectionCommittee...................................................................................MEPCMaritimeEnvironmentalResourceCenter......................................................................................MERCMemorandumofUnderstanding............................................................................................................MOUNon‐GovernmentalOrganization............................................................................................................NGONationalParkService....................................................................................................................................NPSNationalResearchCouncil..........................................................................................................................NRCPulse‐AmplitudeModulatedFluorescence........................................................................................PAMSaintLawrenceSeawayDevelopmentCorporation....................................................................SLSDCShipboardTechnologyEvaluationProgram.....................................................................................STEPSaltWaterFlushing.......................................................................................................................................SWFU.S.CoastGuard............................................................................................................................................USCGUltraviolet.............................................................................................................................................................UVVesselGeneralPermit..................................................................................................................................VGP