Report of Film

8/6/2019 Report of Film

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FILM

INTRODUCTION:-

The origin of the name "film" comes from the fact that

photographic film has historically been the primary medium forrecording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist

for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show,

moving picture, photo-play and flick. A common name for film in

the United States is movie, while in Europe the term cinema is

preferred. Additional terms for the field in general include the big

screen, the silver screen, the cinema and the movies. Film site also

known as a greatest film, it has descriptive review, commentary &

historical background, hundreds of colour, vintage film posters,for some of the best Hollywood & American classic films in last

century, they initiated the recent trend to select 100 landmark

movies in the history of the American, Hollywood cinema, that

serve as signpost to map the milestone of our cinematic past.If

talking about Indian film industry, India has a rich & varied

heritage, has had an appealing history in the past, apart from the

history & culture India has been acknowledged as a talented

country with its highest applaud & given to is art.Indian art has

been classified into various forms & one of the most popular formsin Indian drama & theatre is perhaps as old as its music & dance,

its origin was during the vedic perion.

IMPORTANT FACTORS OF FILM:-

Sound and music

Dialogues and lyrics

Cast and crew

Editor and choreographer Director and producer (Finances)

As we know these five factors playing an important role for

making of film, because dialogues, cast actually make more

effective to the films.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_filmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recording_mediumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_filmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recording_medium


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Charlie Chaplin:-

Sir Charles Spencer "Charlie" Chaplin, (16 April 1889

25 December 1977) was an English comic actor and film

director of the silent film era, and became one of the best

known film stars in the world. Chaplin used mime,slapstickand other visual comedy routines, and continued

well into the era of the talkies. His most famous role was

that ofThe Tramp, which he first played in the Keystone

comedyKid Auto Races at Venice in 1914.

FILM HISORY:-

THE BEGINNING:Three ways to look at the film,

1).Art

2).Business

3).Technology.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comic_actorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silent_filmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slapstickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_gaghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talkieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tramphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keystone_Studioshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kid_Auto_Races_at_Venicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comic_actorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silent_filmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slapstickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_gaghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talkieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tramphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tramphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keystone_Studioshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kid_Auto_Races_at_Venicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kid_Auto_Races_at_Venice


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First film developed as innovation & people use this

innovation as Art. But later on as the innovation further

proceeded people use this technology as business trend &

earned lots of moneys. Again day by day people innovated

lots of techniques which makes film more effective & morerealistics.

PERSISTENCE OF VISION:-

The ability of the brain to retain an image a split second

longer than the eye actually sees it.

If we see 16 individual images in rapid succession the

brain connects them to make a fluid sequence of

movement. Actually image of film stored in the eye only for the 1/7th

second & because of rapid succession that all 16 image

make on full motionpicture & these idea use further for

making motion pictures.

Toy makers used this theory to create hand held

machines that were the basis of film development.

ZOETROPE:-The concept of Zoetrope was developed by William Horner

in the late 1834.In this he used one circular drum having

Slits in it. Then he allow the movement of darkness &

creates illusion of movement.

Experimentation was going on in many countries at the

same time & FRANCE, GERMANY, ENGLAND & U.S.

they all claim they have invented the movies.

PHOTOGRAPHY:-

1816 - Nicephore Niepce made first photographic images.

1839 - Louis Daguerre created clear, sharp images on

silver copperplate.

Required 15 minutes exposure time.


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1841 - Only 3 minutes needed for exposure.

Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film

produced using a motion picture camera, by Louis Le

Prince, 1888.1884 GEORGE EASTMAN developed celluloid film.Originally created for the still camera, it made motion

pictures possible.

Flexible and allows light to pass through.

Motion Picture Photography Solved:-

Filmmakers now had to find a way to show their images.

KINETOSCOPE:- October 1889 Dickson shows Edison projection with

sound.

Quality is poor.

Edison opts for silent, individual showings of films.

Invents Kinetoscope.

THOMAS EDISON:-

Despite Edisons shortsightedness in mass projection hedid leave his mark on motion pictures.

He contributed sprocket holes on film.

Black Maria.

First movie studio.

PROJECTION:-

Projection was a difficult problem to solve. its roots go back

as far as 1646.18th century:-

Showmen travel across Europe showing magic lantern

shows.

Used drawn images in the beginning.

Eventually used photographs.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roundhay_Garden_Scenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Le_Princehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Le_Princehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roundhay_Garden_Scenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Le_Princehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Le_Princehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Le_Prince


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19th century:-

Photo plays drew viewers to a story just as film does

today.

Combination of magic lantern shows, live actors, and

photography.

Some lasted up to 2 hours and told melodramatic stories.

Proved the potential of projected film.

PROJECTION PROBLEM:-

Projector needs a powerful light source to make images

clear.

Film has to run smoothly past this light source without

tearing.

LUMIERE BROTHERS:-

1894

Tinker with Edisons Kinetoscope.

Designed their own machine within a year.

CINEMATOGRAPH:-


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Machine shot the pictures, printed them, and projected

them.

The camera was portable.

A hand crank provided the power.

FEATURES OF FILM:-

Mise-en-scene includes setting, props, staging, costume

and make-up, figure expression and movement and off-

scren space.

Performance includes physical expression, vocal delivery

and interaction between performers (with reference to

issues of staging/choreography where relevant).

Cinematography includes photographic elements (e.g.

camera position, colour, lens, depth of focus), lighting,

framing and composition and special effects.

Editing includes the organisation of time, both within a

sequence and across sections of the narrative and the

organisation of space, especially in creating coherence forthe spectator. The principal conventions of continuity

editing, such as shot/reverse shot and the 180 degree rule,

will be studied. The uses of montage editing will also be

considered.

Sound includes diegetic sounds, non-diegetic sound

and the variety of ways in which aural elements (e.g.

speech, music and noise) are used in relation to visuals.

TYPES OF FILMS:-

1).CARTOONS:-Fun, entertaining, interesting & hilarious.

2).COMEDY:-Amusing, hilarious, fun, humorous.

3).WESTERN(cowboy):-Heroic, exciting.


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4).SCIENCE FICTION:-Thrilling(very exciting).

5).MUSICAL:-Relaxing, entertaining.

6).HORROR:-Scary, terrifying, frightening, spooky.

7).ROMANCE:-Romantic, heart warming,depressing,heart-

breaking.8).CLASSIC:-Classical, traditional.

BOOLYWOOD:-

Bollywood is actually a representative of the Indian films.the

name Bollywood came half from BOMBAY city & half from

the name Hollywood. Popularly termed used for Mumbai

based hindi language film industry in India. Bollywood is the

one of the largest film producers in the world. On an average

1000 films are produced, from that 600 films are released in

hindi & tamil languages & remaining 400 fims in other

languages.Basically hindi, urdu & English languages used in

film industries.

HISTORY OF BOLLYWOOD:-

Raja Harishchandra, the 1st film produced by Dadasaheb

Falke in 1913. By the 30s 200 films produced per year, mostly

the romantics & Actions film produced.


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Raja Harishchandra (1913) - The first full-length motion

picture.(above image from Raja Harishchandra.)

Ardeshir Irani releasedAlam Ara, the first Indian talking

film, on 14 March 1931.

The result of his efforts was the color filmKisan Kanya

made with the Cinecolor process whose process rights

Irani had obtained from an American company.

FACTS:-Fourteen million Indians go to the movies on a daily basis

(about 1.4% of the population of 1 billion) and pay the

equivalent to the average Indian's day's wages (US $1-3)

to see any of the over 800 films churned out by Bollywood

each year. That's more than double the number of feature

films produced in the United States.

Since India is a country of sixteen official languages and a

total of twenty-four languages spoken by over a millionpeople each, some portions of the film industry are

fragmented. While Mumbai (Bollywood) leads India in

film production, its specialty lies with Hindi movies.

Chennai (formerly Madras) produces films in Tamil and
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raja_Harishchandrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardeshir_Iranihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alam_Arahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raja_Harishchandrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardeshir_Iranihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alam_Ara


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Kolkata (formerly Calcutta) is the Bengali movie capital.

Neighboring Pakistan's Lahore calls itself Lollywood.

GENRE CONVENTION:-

Bollywood film known as masala film because it containssongs,romance,suspence,actions.In Bollywood we have great

writers like Salim khan, Javed akthar then actors like

Amitabh bacchan, Dharmendra, Dev Anand,Amir khan,

Nana patekar, Hrithik roshan. Actresses like Rekha, Hema

malini,Nutan, Rani mukhrrjee, Katrina kaif etc.

Also we have latest directors like Madhur bhandarkar,

Rajkumar hirani, David dhavan, Vishal bharadwage etc.

Bollywood films are famous in Australia,Berlin,Dubai,London an in many more foreign cities.

Devika Rani and Ashok Kumar inAchhut Kanya (1936).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devika_Ranihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashok_Kumarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achhut_Kanyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devika_Ranihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashok_Kumarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achhut_Kanyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achhut_Kanya


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(OSCAR NOMINATED Film :- LAGAAN.)

SIZE OF BOLLYWOOD:-

Size of industry next to Hollywood, indian film industry is

set to be largest in the world & it is largest in term of

films, & produced & ticket sold.

Current size: Rs 6800cr

Projected size by 2012 : Rs 15300cr

CAGR:- 18%

FILM MARKTING DEFINITION:-

The process of creating and raising audience awareness of

a new film.

It is part of the responsibility of the distributor, along

with circulation, after they have acquired a film.

The objective of film marketing is to stand out in an

environment that is competing very fiercely for the

audiences money.


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This does not simply mean against other film campaigns,

but the marketing of any other product too.

THE MARKETING PROCESS:-

6-8 months before the release date the distributor view thefilm

followed by a brainstorming session in which the following

points are

discussed:

personal opinions

how they think the public will react, based on audienceresearch

which audience might most appreciate the film

what the film might take at the box office

when to release the film, taking into account competition

from other films and holiday times

how much money will be spent on advertising

WAYS OF MARKETING:-

A marketing campaign for a film is divided

into three areas:

Advertising = paid for space

(TV, Internet, cinema, billboard)Publicity = free marketing

organised events/acts to promote the film (premieres,

interviews, reviews, festivals)

Promotion = generally licensed (distributor is paid to use

an element from their film)


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Release:

Timing is crucial. School holidays are a prime time

within the year for the release of blockbusters.

If the film is a potential award winner, then it will be

released during the traditional season of awards

competition: January to March.

Competition must also be considered.

Marketing:

Can often cost as much as making the film!!!

Main aim is to create a must see feeling about the

film.

Word-of-mouth is a powerful marketing aid for a

film.

FILM DISTRIBUTION :MARKETINGS:KEY ELEMENTS:-

Several elements can be used in marketing to generate

interest in a film.

Posters:

Contain standard elements that are used to sell the

idea of a film to the potential viewer.

The main image will often echo a key moment in the

film.

Any stars or possible key personnel, will have their

names featured.

Posters usually have a Unique Selling Point. This is

the element that offers something special or

different about the film.

Some blockbusters use a teaser poster campaign.

The teaser posters offer a few key elements of a film

to generate interest.

Trailers:


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Need to present a number of key elements to the

audience.

The genre through key scenes, iconography,

dialogue, or other sound elements.

Narrative elements have to be introduced,

being careful not to ruin the film though.

Is there is a star, then they will likely be

featured.

Again a USP will be created this could be:

Images of an actor playing a different role to

what the audience expects

A location that differs from that which is

conventional within a particular genre

The presentation of a story not told before.

As with posters, there may also be a teaser campaign.

Media Advertising:

Using other media texts to promote the film.

Posters in magazines and newspapers, and onbillboards and bus stops.

Trailers on TV and radio (depending on the

budget)

Stars and director appear as guests to be

interviewed about the film.

The Internet:

A buzz about a film can be generated in aninternet chat room, for example. If positive word of

mouth spreads this is good promotion, however,

there is the other side of the coin too.


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Individual films have their own website, which

feature clips, images, interviews and so on. This

helps create public awareness.

E.G. The Blair Witch Project. The films website

provoked great debate about whether the film wasbased on a real incident or not. This created a large

amount of publicity for a low budget film.

Promotions:

Big films often have tie-in promotion campaigns.

E.G. toys given away in fast food outlets, displays in

shop windows.

Merchandising:A large potential for profit lies in this area.

The distributor will oversee the sale of licenses to

approved companies to allow them to use film

images and logos.

Star Wars was perhaps the first film to profit

through merchandising.

Premieres:

Are a carefully organised promotion tool. Theygenerate articles in newspapers, magazine articles

about those who attended, and T.V. interviews with

stars.

Press Junkets:

The endless short interviews given to the members

of the press.

It is an official element of the publicity campaign.

Preview Screenings:

Free tickets might be given away or won in

competitions. Distributors are careful to attract to

the preview the intended target audience for the

film, in order to try and generate a positive word of

mouth.


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Festivals:

Film festivals have a dual function. They are

competitions in which if a film wins an award or

receives critical acclaim, it will provide positive

publicity for the film. Secondly they are a

promotional tool where reviews are created and

interviews conducted.

(Pie chart ).

ADVANTAGES OF FILM INDUSTRY:-

Generating huge employment

Generate foreign currencyDifferent cultures get exposed

Now people opt for different roles

It helps to expose ideas , innovation & thougths.

DISADVANTAGES OF FILM INDUSTRY:-


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People get influence in a wrong way.

It means by watching films sometimes peoples get it in

wrong way by various scenes.

But, The main Disadvantage is Piracy.

PIRACY HURT EVERYONE:-

Today piracy is hurting everyone Films, Music,

Software, Pharmaceuticals, Print, Merchandising any

area involving branding and IPR

The Indian Film Industry with USD 1.75 Billion in

revenues loses up to 50% of its revenues to pirates i.e.roughly USD 875 million to piracy.

INDIAN CINEMA:THE PRESENT SCENARIO:-

Cinema distribution and exhibition business in India

carried out almost entirely on celluloid format which

leaves it vulnerable to piracy.

Advancement in duplication technology has made piracy

easy, cost effective, speedy and difficult to prevent.

The only present safeguard against piracy is to physically

guard the prints and stringent legal enforcement. Both

measures, due to logistical reasons, are difficult to

implement.

However, piracy is essentially a technology problem

which has to be combated with technology.

HOW DO WE ACHIEVE THIS?


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The only answer is Digital Cinema

Digital Cinema means the transmission and delivery of

films to theatres electronically where the image is stored

in a computer server and beamed onto the theatre

screens.

It uses Digital Media (fibre optics, satellite transmission,

hard disks) instead of analogue media (Prints ).

Digital Cinema uses digital projectors instead of analogue

projectors.

Hence Digital Cinema by eliminating all physical formats

checks Piracy at its roots.

CONCLUSION:-

When first film developed, that time it was look like

invention but later on it become Art then technology butnow a days it developed only for business purpose & not as

Entertainmennt programme.

Documents

Report of Film