Report of Mr. Wood's Visit

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REPORT

OF

MR. WOOD'S VISIT

TO THE

CHOCTAW AND CHEROKEE

MISSIONS.

1855.

BOSTON:

PRESS OF T. R. MARVIN, 42 CONGRESS STREET.

1855.

REPORT.

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At the meeting of the Board held in Utica, New York, September, 1855, the Prudentialommittee !ubmitted a !pecial communication in reference to the hoctaw and

herokee mi!!ion!, in which the" !a"# $Since the la!t meeting of the Board, it ha!!eemed de!irable that one of the Secretarie! !hould %i!it the &ndian mi!!ion! in theSouth 'e!t, for the purpo!e of conferring full" and freel" with them in reference to

certain (ue!tion! which ha%e an important bearing upon their work) *r) 'ood,therefore, wa! directed to perform thi! !er%ice+ which he did in the !pring of the pre!ent "ear) After hi! return to New York, he drew up a report of thi! %i!it, and

pre!ented the !ame to the Prudential ommittee) &t i! deemed proper that thi!

document !hould be laid before the Board at the earlie!t opportunit"+ and it i! herewith!ubmitted) he re!ult! obtained b" thi! conference are highl" !ati!factor" to the

ommittee)$

he report of *r) 'ood i! in the following language#

To the Prudential Committee of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign

Missions#

& ha%e to report a %i!it made b" me to the hoctaw and herokee mi!!ion!, in

obedience to in!truction! contained in the following re!olution! adopted b" "ou,*arch -, 1855#

$ Resolved , 1) hat *r) 'ood be re(ue!ted to repair to the hoctaw Nation, at hi! earlie!t con%enience, with a %iew to a fraternal conferencewith the brethren in that field in re!pect to the difficultie! andembarra!!ment! which ha%e grown out of the action of the hoctawouncil in the matter of the boarding !chool!, and al!o in re!pect to an"

other (ue!tion which ma" !eem to re(uire hi! attention)

$.) hat, in ca!e the !pring meeting of the hoctaw mi!!ion !hall notoccur at a con%enient time, he be authori/ed to call a meeting at !uch timeand place a! he !hall de!ignate)

$0) hat on hi! return from the hoctaw mi!!ion he be re(ue!ted to

confer with the brethren of the herokee mi!!ion, in regard to an" matterthat ma" appear to call for hi! con!ideration, and that he be authori/ed tocall a meeting for thi! purpo!e)

$) hat on arri%ing in New York he be in!tructed to prepare a report,

!ugge!ting !uch plan! and mea!ure! for the adoption of the ommittee inreference to either of the!e mi!!ion! a! he ma" be able to recommend)$

2ea%ing New York, *arch 13, and proceeding b" the wa" of the 4hio and *i!!i!!ippiri%er! to Napoleon, thence up the 'hite ri%er, acro!! to 2ittle ock, and through

Arkan!a! to the hoctaw countr", & arri%ed at Stockbridge, April 11) &ncluding the portion! of the da"! occupied in pa!!ing from one !tation to another, & de%oted three

da"! to Stockbridge, three to 'heelock, !i6 to Pine idge, three to 7oodwater, andthree to Spencer+ the latter a !tation of the mi!!ion of the 7eneral A!!embl"9! Board):i%e da"!, with a call of a night and half a da" at 2eno6, were occupied in the ;ourne"to the herokee countr", in which & !pent two da"! at <wight, and three at Park =ill+m" departure from which wa! on the 11th of *a", ;u!t one month from m" arri%al atStockbridge) *" return to New York wa! on *a" 01, ten and a half week! from thetime of lea%ing it)

& !hould do in;u!tice to m" own feeling!, and to the member! of the two mi!!ion!, not

to !tate that m" reception wa! e%er"where one of the utmo!t cordialit") he hoctawmi!!ion, when m" coming wa! announced, agreed to ob!er%e a dail" concert of pra"erthat it might be ble!!ed to them and the end for which the" were informed it wa!

de!igned) he" met me in the !pirit of pra"er+ our intercour!e wa! much a fellow!hipin pra"er+ and, through the fa%or of =im who heareth pra"er, it! i!!ue wa! one ofmutual congratulation and thank!gi%ing)

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The visit, although a short one, afforded considerable opportunity (which wasdiligently improved) for acquainting myself with the views, feelings, plans and laborsof the brethren of the missions. Their attachment to their work, and to the Board withwhich they are connected, is unwavering. With fidelity they prosecute the great obectof their high calling! and in view of the spiritual and temporal transformation taking place around them, as the result of the faithful proclamation of the gospel, we arecompelled to e"claim, #What hath $od wrought%# &t was pleasant to meet them, aswith frankness and fraternal affection they did me, in consultation for the removal ofdifficulties, and the adoption of measures for the advancement of the one end desired

equally by them and by the 'rudential ommittee.

everal topics became subects of conference, on some of which action was taken bythe missions! and on others recommendations will be made by the *eputation, thatneed not be embraced in this report. &n respect to them all, there was entire harmony between the *eputation and the missions.

&n their first resolution, the ommittee requested me to repair to the hoctaw +ation,with special reference to the embarrassments and difficulties which have grown out ofthe action of the hoctaw ouncil in the matter of the boarding schools. condensedstatement of the action of the ouncil, and of the missionaries and 'rudentialommittee, previous to the sending of the *eputation, seems to be here called for.

&n the year -/0, the hoctaw ouncil, by law, placed four female seminaries #underthe direction and management of the merican Board of ommissioners for 1oreign2issions,# subect only to #the conditions, limitations, and restrictions rendered in theact.# &n accordance with the act, a contract was entered into, by which the schoolswere taken for a period of twenty years. The #conditions, limitations and restrictions#specified in the act and contract, so far as they bind the Board, are the following3 -.The superintendents and teachers, with their families, shall board at the same tablewith the pupils. 0. &n addition to letters, the pupils shall be taught housewifery andsewing. 4. 5ne6tenth of the pupils are to be orphans, should so many apply foradmission. /. The Board shall appropriate to the schools a sum equal to one6si"th ofthe moneys appropriated by the hoctaw ouncil. With these e"ceptions, the

#direction and management# of the schools were to be as e"clusively with the Board,as of any schools supported by the funds of the Board.

Thus the schools were carried forward until -74. t the meeting of the ouncil in thatyear, a new school law, containing several provisions, (and sometimes spoken of in the plural as #laws,#) was enacted, bringing the Board, through its agents, under new#conditions, restrictions and limitations.# Board of Trustees was established, and a$eneral uperintendent of schools provided for, to discharge various specified duties,for the faithful performance of which they are to give bonds in the sum of 87,999. Theenactments of this law, affecting the agents of the Board under the e"isting contract,are the following3

-. The Board of Trustees, convened by the $eneral uperintendent, are tohear and determine difficulties between a trustee and any one connectedwith the schools! to udge of the fitness of teachers, etc., and request the2issionary Boards to remove any whose removal they may think calledfor! and, in case of neglect to comply with their wishes, to report the sameto the ommissioner of &ndian ffairs through the :nited tates gent.ection 7.

0. The Trustees are to select the scholars from their several districts.ection ;.

4. +o slave or child of a slave is to be taught to read or write #in or at anyschool,# etc., by any one connected in any capacity therewith, on pain ofdismissal and e"pulsion from the nation. ection .

/. nnual e"aminations are to take place at times designated by the$eneral uperintendent. ection -9.

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5. The Trustees are empowered to suspend any school in case of sicknessor epidemics. Section 11.

6. It is made the duty of the General Superintendent and Trustees,

promptly to remove, or report for removal, any and all persons connectedwith the public schools or academies known to be abolitionists, or whodisseminate, or attempt to disseminate, directly or indirectly, abolition

doctrines, or any other fanatical sentiments, which, in their opinion, aredanerous to the peace and safety of the !hoctaw people. Section 1".

#y a separate act, the #oard of Trustees was authori$ed to propose to the %issionary

#oards, havin schools under contract with the &ation, the insertion of a clause providin for a termination of the contract by either party on ivin si' months( notice.

)ith respect to the *uestion, +Shall we submit to the provisions and restrictionsimposed by this new leislation, as a condition of continued connection with thenational schools+ the views of the -rudential !ommittee and the brethren of the

mission have been entirely in declared areement. s stated in the last nnual /eportto the #oard, 0p. 166, +the !ommittee decided at once that they could not carry on theschools upon the new basis2 and in the propriety of this action the missionariesconcur.+ The concurrence of the missionaries in this view, vi$., that they could not

carry on the schools with a chane from the oriinal basis to that of the new law, may be seen clearly e'pressed in their correspondence with the Secretary havin chare ofthe Indian missions2 particularly in the followin communications3 4rom %essrs.insbury and #yinton, as the committee of the mission, under dates of ecember 17and 89, 1:5"2 %r. insbury, ;anuary 7, and pril 85, 1:572 %r. !. !. !opeland,

%arch 1, 1:572 %r. Stark, uust 88, 1:572 %r. <dwards, ;uly 1", 1:572 %r. =. .!opeland, %ay 16, 1:57. See also letters from %r. !hamberlain, ;anuary 9, and ;une8>, 1:57. In some of these, the declaration is made, that, in the apprehension of thewriters, the schools must be relin*uished, if the law should not be repealed 2 one

specifyin, as ?ustificatory reasons, the breach of contract made, and the increaseddifficulty of obtainin teachers@reasons also assined by others2 another statin thathe +never could consent to take chare of a school under such reulations2+ a third

testifyin, not only for himself, but for every other member of the mission, anunwillinness to continue connection with the schools with sub?ection to the newre*uirements2 a fourth affirmin his +feelin+ to be +that a stron remonstrance should be presented to the !ouncil, and on the strenth of it let the mission lay down theseschools2+ which, he states, would not involve +ivin up the instruction of these

children, but would be simply chanin the plan,+ inasmuch as, accordin to his andothers( understandin of the case, the new law not havin application to other than thenational schools, +at every station it will be found an easy matter to have as lare, andin some cases even larer, than our present boardin schools.+

In certain other communications, the view which the !ommittee adopted, is e'hibited,toether with the opinion that it would be better to wait for a movement on the part ofthe !hoctaw authorities before ivin up the schools. See letters from %r. #yinton,

ecember 86, 1:5"2 ;anuary " and 18, pril 15, 1:572 %r. insbury, 4ebruary 1 and81, 1:572 %r. !hamberlain, ;anuary 1", 1:572 %r. Stark, 4ebruary 6, 1:57. This viewwas also formally announced, as understood by the !ommittee, in resolutions of the

mission at its meetin in %ay, 1:57, embracin a recommendation of a course of procedure with the hope of securin the repeal by the ne't !ouncil of the obno'iouslaw. See %inutes, and letters of %r. !. !. !opeland, %ay 1A, and ;une A, 1:57. The-rudential !ommittee, in the e'ercise of their discretion, as a principal party to the

contract, preferred another method, vi$., to address the !ouncil directly, and sent aletter, under date of uust 1, 1:57, to one of the missionaries for presentation. Themissionary, with the advice of his brethren iven at their meetin in September,0intellience of which was received at the %issionary =ouse, Bctober 8>, thirtyCfivedays subse*uent to the meetin of the #oard at =artford, withheld the letter, on the

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ground that, in their judgment, its presentation would defeat the object at which itaimed, and be "disastrous to the churches, to the Choctaws, and to the best interests of

the colored race." In respect to this action for obtaining the repeal of the school law,there was a difference between the mission and the Committee. The missionariesdesired delay, and the leaving of the matter to their management. The decision of the

Committee, approved by the Board, "not to conduct the boarding schools in theChoctaw Nation in conformity with the principles prescribed by the recent legislation

of the Choctaw Council,"! was in agreement with the previously and subse#uentlye$pressed sentiments of all the missionaries% the objection felt by some of them to thisresolution being, not to the position which it assumes, but to the declaration of it at thattime by the Board. This being a determined #uestion, its settlement formed no part of

the object for which the &eputation was sent.

'esolution of the Board adopted at (artford.

Two other #uestions, however, re#uired careful e$amination% and on these freeconference was had with the brethren at their stations, and in a meeting of the missionheld at )ood*water, !pril + and +-, r. /dwards, who was absent from the mission,and &r. (obbs, not being present0 1. The law remaining unrepealed, is it practicable tocarry on the schools while refusing conformity to the new "conditions, limitations andrestrictions" imposed by it2 +. If so, is it e$pedient to do it2

3n the first of these #uestions, the opinion of the missionaries was in the affirmative.

No attempt has been made to carry out these new provisions. The Trustees and)eneral 4uperintendent have not given the re#uired bond. 3ne of the Trusteesinformed me that he should not give it, and that in his belief the law would remain a

dead letter, if not repealed, as it was his hope that it would be. The course of themissionaries has been in no degree changed by it. The teaching of slaves in theseschools has never been practiced or contemplated. The law was aimed at such teaching

in their families and 4abbath schools. 4o the missionaries and the people understand it.It is generally 5nown among the latter that the former are ready to give up theseschools, rather than retain them on condition of subjection to this law. 3ur brethren are

now carrying on the schools, and doing in all other respects, just as they were before

the new law was enacted% and they have confidence that they may continue to do so.

The second #uestion was one of more uncertainty to my own mind, and in the mindsof some of the mission. The maintenance of these schools is a wor5 of great difficulty.

In the opinion of several of the missionaries, it was at least doubtful whether the costin health, perple$ity, trouble in obtaining teachers, time which might be devoted to preaching, and money, was not too great for the results% and it was suggested that an

opportunity, afforded by divine 6rovidence for relieving us from a burden too heavy tosustain for nine years longer, should be embraced. 4ee letters from r. (otch5in,arch +1, 178% r. (. 9. Copeland, :anuary +;, and :uly +<, 178% r. =ansing,

&ecember ++, 17;, and ay 1;, 178. The fact and manner of the suspension of theschool at )ood*water, in 17;, were portentous of increasing embarrassment from

other causes than the new school law% and grave objections e$ist to the connectionwith civil government of any department of missionary operations.

y observation of the schools, however, interested me much in their behalf. They aredoing a good wor5 for the nation. any of the pupils become Christian wives, mothersand teachers. The people appreciate them highly% and I was assured of a general desire

that they should remain in the hands of the mission, unsubjected to the inadmissiblenew conditions of the recent legislation. In view of all the relations, which after fullconsideration the subject seemed to have, the following resolution, e$pressing the

sentiment of the &eputation and the mission, was cheerfully and unanimously adopted by the mission% one of the older members, however, avowing some difficulty in givinghis assent to the latter part of it, vi>0

" Resolved , That while we should esteem it our duty to relin#uish the

female boarding schools at 6ine 'idge, ?heeloc5 and 4toc5bridge, ratherthan to carry them on under the provisions and restrictions of the lateschool law, yet regarding it as improbable that the re#uirement so to do

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will be enforced, we deem it important, in the present circumstances ofthe Choctaw Nation and mission, to continue our connection with them

on the original basis, and carry them forward with new hope and energy."

3ur hope of being allowed to maintain these schools as heretofore, and ma5e themincreasingly useful, may be disappointed. Neither the 6rudential Committee nor themission wish to retain them, if they for whose benefit alone they have been ta5en,

prefer that we should give them up. The relin#uishment of them would be a releasefrom a weight of labor, an$iety and care, that nothing but our love for the Choctaws

could induce us longer to bear. 3ur desire is only to do them good.

! second subject of conference, but the one first considered, was the principles, particularly in relation to slavery, on which the 6rudential Committee, with theformally e$pressed approbation of the Board, aim to conduct its missions. I foundcertain misapprehensions e$isting in the minds of a portion of the mission in regard to

the origin and circumstances of the action of the Board at the last annual meeting,which I was happy to correct. 4everal of the members, including one of the two not present at this meeting of the mission, have ever cordially approved thecorrespondence in which the views of principles entertained by the Committee werestated. 3thers, being with those just referred to a decided majority of the whole body

as at present constituted, have e$pressed their agreement with those views as freely

e$plained in personal intercourse, with an e$hibition of the intended meaning of hisown written language, by the 4ecretary who was the organ of the Committee in

communicating them. 3thers have supposed themselves to differ, in some degree,from these principles when correctly apprehended. ! full comparison of views, to theirmutual great satisfaction, showed much less difference than was thought to e$ist between the members of the mission themselves, and between a part of the mission

and what the &eputation understands to be the views of the 6rudential Committee. !statement of principles drawn up at )ood*water, as being in the estimation of the

&eputation Edistinctly and repeatedly so declaredF those which the Committee had setforth in their correspondence, particularly that had with the mission in 1787, wasunanimously adopted, as the brethren say, "for the better and more harmonious

prosecution of the great objects of the Choctaw mission on the part of the 6rudential

Committee and the members of the mission, and for the removal of any and alle$isting difficulties which have grown out of public discussions and action on thesubject of slavery% it being understood that the sentiments now approved are not in the

estimation of the brethren of the mission new, but such as for a long series of yearshave really been held by them."

The statement is given, with the appended resolution, in the following words0

1. 4lavery, as a system, and in its own proper nature, is what it is

described to be, in the )eneral !ssemblys !ct of 1717, and the 'eport ofthe !merican Board adopted at Broo5lyn in 178.

+. 6rivation of liberty in holding slaves is, therefore, not to be ran5ed withthings indifferent, but with those which, if not made right by special

justificatory circumstances and the intention of the doer, are morallywrong.

;. Those are to be admitted to the communion of the church, of whom themissionary and Ein 6resbyterian churchesF his session have satisfactory

evidence that they are in fellowship with Christ.

8. The evidence, in one view of it, of fellowship with Christ, is amanifested desire and aim to be conformed, in all things, to the spirit andre#uirements of the word of )od.

. 4uch desire and aim are to be loo5ed for in reference to slavery,slaveholding, and dealing with slaves, as in regard to other matters% notless, not more.

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6. The missionary must, under a solemn sense of responsibility to Christ,act on his own judgment of that evidence when obtained, and on the

manner of obtaining it. He is at liberty to pursue that course which hemay deem most discreet in eliciting views and feelings as to slavery, aswith respect to other things, right views and feelings concerning which he

seeks as evidence of Christian character.

7. The missionary is responsible, not for correct views and action on the part of his session and church members, but only for an honest and proper

endeavor to secure correctness of views and action under the sameobligations and limitations on this subject as on others. He is to go only tothe etent of his rights and responsibilities as a minister of Christ.

!. The missionary, in the eercise of a wise discretion as to time, place,manner and amount of instruction, is decidedly to discountenance

indulgence in known sin and the neglect of known duty, and so to instructhis hearers that they may understand all Christian duty. "ith that wisdomwhich is profitable to direct, he is to ehibit the legitimate bearing of thegospel upon every moral evil, in order to its removal in the most desirableway# and upon slavery, as upon other moral evils. $s a missionary, he has

nothing to do with political %uestions and agitations. He is to deal alone,

and as a Christian instructor and pastor, with what is morally wrong, thatthe people of &od may separate themselves therefrom, and a right

standard of moral action be held up before the world.

'. "hile, as in war, there can be no shedding of blood without sinsomewhere attached, and yet the individual soldier may not be guilty ofit# so, while slavery is always sinful, we cannot esteem every one who is

legally a slaveholder a wrong(doer for sustaining the legal relation. "henit is made unavoidable by the laws of the )tate, the obligations ofguardianship, or the demands of humanity, it is not to be deemed an

offence against the rule of Christian right. *et missionaries are carefullyto guard, and in the proper way to warn others to guard, against unduly

etending this plea of necessity or the good of the slave, against making ita cover for the love and practice of slavery, or a pretence for not usingefforts that are lawful and practicable to etinguish this evil.

+. -issionaries are to enjoin upon all masters and servants obedience tothe directions specially addressed to them in the Holy )criptures, and to

eplain and illustrate the precepts containing them.

++. n the eercise of discipline in the churches, under the sameobligations and limitations as in regard to other acts of wrong(doing, andwhich are recogni/ed in the action of ministers with reference to othermatters in evangelical churches where slavery does not eist, missionaries

are to set their faces against all overt acts in relation to this subject, whichare manifestly unchristian and sinful# such as the treatment of slaves with

inhumanity and oppression# keeping from them the knowledge of &od0sholy will# disregarding the sanctity of the marriage relation# trifling withthe affections of parents, and setting at naught the claims of children on

their natural protectors# and regarding and treating human beings asarticles of merchandise.

+1. 2or various reasons, we agree in the inepediency of our employingslave labor in other cases than those of manifest necessity# it being

understood that the objection of the 3rudential Committee to theemployment of such labor is to that etent only.

+4. $greeing thus in essential principles, missionaries associated in thesame field should eercise charity towards each other, and have

confidence in one another, in respect to differences which, from diversityof judgment, temperament, or other individual peculiarities, and from

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difference of circumstances in which they are placed, may arise amongthem in the practical carrying out of these principles# and we think that

this should be done by others towards us as a missionary body.

Resolved , That we agree in the foregoing as an epression of our viewsconcerning our relations and duties as missionaries in regard to thesubject treated of# and are happy to believe that, having this agreement

with what we now understand to be the views of the 3rudentialCommittee, we may have their confidence, as they have ours, in the

continued prosecution together of the great work to which the great Headof the church has called us among this people.

The statement thus approved was read throughout, and was afterwards considered indetail, each member of the mission epressing his views upon it as fully, and keepingit under consideration as long, as he desired to do. $fter the assent given to it, article

by article, on the day following it was again read, and the %uestion was taken upon itas a whole, with the appended resolution, each of the eight members giving his vote infavor of its adoption. t is perhaps proper also to mention that no change by way ofemendation, addition or omission of phraseology was found necessary to make it suchas any member of the mission would be willing to accept. t should farther be stated,

that while the first article was under consideration, the act of the &eneral $ssembly of

the 3resbyterian church, adopted in +!+!, was read, and its strongest epressions dulyweighed. The document thus considered and referred to, is herewith submitted as a

part of this report.59

?The &eneral $ssembly of the 3resbyterian Church, having taken intoconsideration the subject of slavery, think proper to make known theirsentiments upon it to the churches and people under their care. "e consider

the voluntary enslaving of one part of the human race by another, as a grossviolation of the most precious and sacred rights of human nature# as utterlyinconsistent with the law of &od, which re%uires us to love our neighbor as

ourselves, and as totally irreconcilable with the spirit and principles of the

gospel of Christ, which enjoins that 0all things whatsoever ye would that menshould do to you, do ye even so to them.0 )lavery creates a parado in the

moral system# it ehibits rational, accountable and immortal beings in suchcircumstances as scarcely to leave them the power of moral action. tehibits them as dependent on the will of others, whether they shall receive

religions instruction# whether they shall know and worship the true &od#

whether they shall enjoy the ordinances of the &ospel# whether they shall perform the duties and cherish the endearments of husbands and wives, parents and children, neighbors and friends# whether they shall preserve their

chastity and purity, or regard the dictates of justice and humanity. )uch are

some of the conse%uences of slavery@conse%uences not imaginary, butwhich connect themselves with its very eistence. The evils to which theslave is always eposed often take place in fact, and in their very worst

degree and form# and where all of them do not take place, as we rejoice to

say in many instances, through the influence of the principles of humanityand religion on the mind of masters, they do not@still the slave is deprived

of his natural right, degraded as a human being, and eposed to the danger of passing into the hands of a master who may inflict upon him all the hardshipsand injuries which inhumanity and avarice may suggest.

?2rom this view of the conse%uences resulting from the practice into which

Christian people have most inconsistently fallen, of enslaving a portion oftheir brethren of mankind@for 0&od hath made of one blood all nations of

men to dwell on the face of the earth0@it is manifestly the duty of allChristians who enjoy the light of the present day, when the inconsistency ofslavery, both with the dictates of humanity and religion, has been

demonstrated, and is generally seen and acknowledged, to use their honest,earnest, and unwearied endeavors to correct the errors of former times, and

as speedily as possible to efface this blot on our holy religion, and to obtainthe complete abolition of slavery throughout Christendom, and if possiblethroughout the world.

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"We rejoice that the Church to which we belong commenced, as early as anyother in this country, the good work of endeavoring to put an end to slavery,and that in the same work many of its members have ever since been, and

now are, among the most active, vigorous and efficient laborers. We do,

indeed, tenderly sympathize with those portions of our Church and ourcountry where the evil of slavery has been entailed upon them; where a great,and the most virtuous part of the community abhor slavery, and wish its

etermination as sincerely as any others!but where the number of slaves,their ignorance, and their vicious habits generally, render an immediate anduniversal emancipation inconsistent alike with the safety and happiness of

the master and the slave. With those who are thus circumstanced, we repeatthat we tenderly sympathize. t the same time we earnestly ehort them to

continue, and if possible to increase their eertions to effect a total abolitionof slavery. We ehort them to suffer no greater delay to take place in this

most interesting concern, than a regard to the public welfare truly andindispensably demands.

"s our country has inflicted a most grievous injury on the unhappyfricans, by bringing them into slavery, we cannot indeed urge that we

should add a second injury to the first, by emancipating them in such manner

as that they will be likely to destroy themselves or others. #ut we do think,that our country ought to be governed in this matter by no otherconsideration than an honest and impartial regard to the happiness of the

injured party, uninfluenced by the epense or inconvenience which such aregard may involve. We, therefore, warn all who belong to our denominationof Christians against unduly etending this plea of necessity; against makingit a cover for the love and practice of slavery, or a pretence for not using

efforts that are lawful and practicable, to etinguish this evil.

"nd we, at the same time, ehort others to forbear harsh censures, and

uncharitable reflections on their brethren, who unhappily live among slaveswhom they cannot immediately set free; but who, at the same time, are reallyusing all their influence, and all their endeavors, to bring them into a state of

freedom, as soon as a door for it can be safely opened.

"$aving thus epressed our views of slavery, and of the duty indispensablyincumbent on all Christians to labor for its complete etinction, we proceed

to recommend!and we do it with all the earnestness and solemnity whichthis momentous subject demands!a particular attention to the following points.

"We recommend to all our people to patronize and encourage the %ocietylately formed for colonizing in frica, the land of their ancestors, the free

people of color in our country. We hope that much good may result from the

plans and efforts of this %ociety. nd while we eceedingly rejoice to havewitnessed its origin and organization among the holders of slaves, as givingan une&uivocal pledge of their desires to deliver themselves and their

country from the calamity of slavery; we hope that those portions of themerican union, whose inhabitants are by a gracious 'rovidence more

favorably circumstanced, will cordially, and liberally, and earnestly co(

operate with their brethren, in bringing about the great end contemplated.

"We recommend to all the members of our religious denomination, not only

to permit, but to facilitate and encourage the instruction of their slaves in the principles and duties of the Christian religion; by granting them liberty to

attend on the preaching of the gospel, when they have opportunity; byfavoring the instruction of them in the %abbath school, wherever those

schools can be formed; and by giving them all other proper advantages forac&uiring a knowledge of their duty both to )od and to man. We are perfectly satisfied that it is incumbent on all Christians to communicate

religious instruction to those who are under their authority; so that the doingof this in the case before us, so far from operating, as some haveapprehended that it might, as an incitement to insubordination and

insurrection, would, on the contrary, operate as the most powerful means forthe prevention of those evils.

"We enjoin it on all church sessions and presbyteries, under the care of this

ssembly, to discountenance, and as far as possible to prevent all cruelty of

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whatever kind in the treatment of slaves; especially the cruelty of separatinghusband and wife, parents and children, and that which consists in sellingslaves to those who will either themselves deprive these unhappy people of

the blessings of the gospel, or who will transport them to places where the

gospel is not proclaimed, or where it is forbidden to slaves to attend upon itsinstitutions. And if it shall ever happen that a Christian professor in ourcommunion shall sell a slave who is also in communion and good standing

with our church, contrary to his or her will and inclination, it oughtimmediately to claim the particular attention of the proper church judicature;and unless there be such peculiar circumstances attending the case as can but

seldom happen, it ought to be followed, without delay, by a suspension of theoffender from all the privileges of the church, till he repent, and make all the

reparation in his power to the injured party." See Assemblys !igest, pp.#$%&.

So also was adduced the abundant testimony contained in the 'eport of the American(oard adopted in )&$*, as to what in its view slavery, without +ualification of place or

time, and as it eists in the -nited States and among the ndians, is/ such as itsclassification of slavery with war, polygamy, the castes of ndia, and other thingswhich it speaks of as "social and moral evils;" and such language as the following/

"0he Committee do not deem it necessary to discuss the general subject of slavery as iteists in these -nited States, or to enlarge on the wickedness of the system, or on the

disastrous moral and social influences which slavery eerts upon the less enlightenedand less civili1ed communities where the missionaries of this (oard are laboring/""0he unrighteousness of the principles on which the whole system is based, and theviolation of the natural rights of man, the debasement, wickedness and misery it

involves, and which are in fact witnessed to a greater or less etent wherever it eists,must call forth the hearty condemnation of all possessed of Christian feeling and senseof right, and make its removal an object of earnest and prayerful desire to every friend

of 2od and man/" "Strongly as your committee are convinced of the wrongfulness andevil tendencies of slaveholding, and ardently as they desire its speedy and universaltermination, still they cannot think that in all cases it involves individual guilt in such amanner that every person implicated in it can, on scriptural grounds, be ecluded fromChristian fellowship. n the language of !r. Chalmers, !istinction ought to be made

between the character of a system, and the character of the persons whomcircumstances have implicated therewith; nor would it always be just, if all the recoiland horror wherewith the former is contemplated, were visited in the form ofcondemnation and moral indignancy upon the latter. Slavery we hold to be a system

chargeable with atrocities and evils, often the most hideous and appalling which haveeither afflicted or deformed our species; yet we must not, therefore, say of every man born within its territory, who has grown up familiar with its sickening spectacles, and

not only by his habits been inured to its transactions and sights, but who by inheritanceis himself the owner of slaves, that unless he make the resolute sacrifice, and renouncehis property in slaves, he is, therefore, not a Christian, and should be treated as an

outcast from all the distinctions and privileges of Christian society." And the language

3+uoted approvingly4 unanimously uttered by the 2eneral Assembly of the 5reeChurch of Scotland/ "6ithout being prepared to adopt the principle that, in the

circumstances in which they are placed, the churches in America ought to considerslaveholding per se an insuperable barrier in the way of enjoying Christian privileges,or an offence to be visited with ecommunication, all must agree in holding that

whatever rights the civil law of the land may give a master over his slaves as chattels

personal , it cannot be but sin of the deepest dye to regard and treat them as such; andwhosoever commits that sin in any sense, or deals otherwise than as a Christian man

ought to deal with his fellow%man, whatever power the law may give him over them,ought to be held dis+ualified for Christian communion. 5arther, it must be the opinionof all, that it is the duty of Christians, when they find themselves unhappily in the

predicament of slaveholders, to aim, as far as it may be practicable, at the

manumission of their slaves; and when that cannot be accomplished, to secure them inthe enjoyment of the domestic relations, and of the means of religious training and

education."

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All this, and more, was immediately before the minds of the members of the mission,and with so much of the connection as to give the true sense, when they declared that

slavery is what, in the documents referred to, it is described to be, and made their ownthe statement of principles above given, as those on which, as missionaries, theyshould deal with this subject in the circumstances of their field of labor, and when it is

to them a practical missionary question.

The Cherokee mission in session at Park ill, !ay ", adopted a resolution ofconcurrence with the Choctaw mission in approving this statement.

#$cluding two churches then connected with the mission of the %oard, and since

transferred to another mission, there were in &'(', under the care of the American%oard, in the Choctaw )ation, si$ churches with a total membership of *+ persons, ofwhom -* were slaveholders, and ( were slaves. The churches are now && in number,containing &,"( members/ of whom, as nearly as 0 could ascertain, - are

slaveholders, 1some of them being husband and wife, and generally having but one ortwo slaves each,2 and are slaves. 3i$ of the churches have no slaveholder in them/two have but one each. 4f the slaveholders in these churches, four have been admittedsince &'('/ one by transfer from another denomination, and three on profession oftheir faith/ none of the latter having been received since &'*. 3tatements were made

to me respecting each of these latter cases, which show that the principles assented to

by the mission at 5ood6water, as above presented, were practically carried out inregard to them.

0n the Cherokee mission, in &'(', there were five churches, having -+7 members, ofwhom -( were slaveholders, and -+ were slaves. 0n the five churches now in thatmission, there are -7 members, of whom &7 1there is uncertainty in regard to one ofthis number2 are reported as slaveholders. Three have been admitted since &'(' on

profession of their faith, and two by letter/ one of the latter from a church in )ewampshire. 4f these the same remark may be made as above in respect to similarcases among the Choctaws.

The Choctaw mission embraces eleven families and three large boarding schools. 8ive

slaves, hired at their own desire, are in the employment of the missionaries. A lessnumber are employed in the Cherokee mission. 5ladly would the missionariesdispense with these, could the necessary amount of free labor for domestic service be

obtained. Those who employ this slave labor, allege that it is to them a matter of painful necessity. They are known to resort to it unwillingly, and are not regarded asthereby giving their sanction to slavery. 3ome thus employed have been brought to a

saving knowledge of divine truth.

The sentiments of these two missions as to the moral character of slavery, and the principles on which they should act with regard to it, are frankly and unequivocallyavowed. 9e are bound to believe them honest in the e$pression of these sentiments. 0tis their e$pectation that the principles thus acknowledged as their own will be those on

which the missions will be conducted. The adjudication of particular cases must be leftto the missionary. That it be so left, is his right/ it is also unavoidable. The position of

the missionaries is one of great difficulty, and should be appreciated. That there is sucha diversity of judgment among them as men of independent thought and differingmental characteristics, who agree in essential principles, everywhere evince/ and that

they have, through a use of phraseology leading sometimes to a mutualmisunderstanding of each other:s views, supposed themselves to differ more widelythan, in our conferences, they found themselves really to do, has been intimated. That

none of them have sympathy with slavery/ that, on the other hand, their influence isdirectly and strongly adverse to its continuance, while they are doing much inmitigation of its evils and to bless both master and slave, in the judgment of the

;eputation, is beyond a doubt. %y many they are denounced as abolitionists. 3ome of

their slave6holding church members have left their churches for another connection onthis account. 4thers have disconnected themselves from a system which they have

learned to dislike and disapprove. 3trong in the confidence and affection of many forwhose salvation they have toiled and suffered, by the supporters of slavery, in and out

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of the nations, they undoubtedly are looked upon with growing suspicion. 3urely weshould not be willing needlessly to embarrass them in their blessed work. They are

worthy of the confidence and warmest sympathy of every friend of the red man and ofthe black man. 5od is with them. 0n the Cherokee mission, the dispensation of hisgrace is not, indeed, now as in times past/ and we have some seriousness of

apprehension in regard to the progress of the gospel among that people. 3till the divine presence is not wanting. Among the Choctaws rapid advance is making. Converts aremultiplying/ the fruits of the gospel abound. %oth missions need reinforcement. !en

filled with the spirit of Christ, able to endure hardness, of practical wisdom, which

knows how to do good, and not to do only harm when good is meant, men of faith,energy, meekness and prayer, who will commend themselves to every man:s

conscience in the sight of 5od as his servants, are required. 0t gave me pleasure toassure the missions of the strong desire of the Prudential Committee, and of my future personal endeavors, to obtain such men for them. )o philanthropist can behold the

change which has been wrought for these lately pagan, savage tribes, now orderlychristianied communities, advancing in civiliation, to take ere long, if they go on intheir course, their place with those whose Christian civiliation is the growth of many

centuries, without admiration and delight. %ut there is much yet to be done for them.DThis nation,D says the Choctaw mission in a published letter, Din its improvements,schools, churches, and public spirit pertaining to the great cause of benevolence, is butan infant .D 9e must not e$pect too much from these churches in which we glory.!uch fostering and training do they yet need/ and there are many souls yet to beenlightened and saved. 9onderful as are the renovation and elevation which the

gospel, taught in its simplicity by faithful men, has already given to thesecommunities, our only hope for them, and for the colored race in the midst of them, isin the continued application of the same power through the same instrumentality.

0t was the privilege of the ;eputation to spend a part of three days, including a

3abbath, at 3pencer Academy, an institution containing one hundred male pupils,e$cellently managed under the charge of the %oard of the 5eneral Assembly/ and to

attend there a Dbig meeting,D or a camp meeting, at which several hundreds were present. !y intercourse with brethren at that station, and the scenes in which 0 there

mingled/ the fellowship in Christ with the heralds of his cross, some of them bowedwith the weight of many years of wearing toil and affliction, and hastening to their

glorious crown already won by honored names, no longer with them, of our ownmission/ and the interchange of sympathy with the disciples of Christ, whom 5od hasgiven them as the fruit of their labor, will ever live among the pleasantest recollections

of my life. 0 am constrained to repeat my testimony to the fraternal and Christian spiritwith which the brethren met my endeavors to remove difficulties, strengthen the tiesthat bind them and the %oard together, and clear the way for harmonious and moreenergetic prosecution of the great work in which we are associated. To a good degreethis object, we may hope, has been gained. To im, whose is their work and ours, and

to whom the interests involved are infinitely more precious than to any of us who areconnected with them, we commit the future keeping of this great trust.

0t is due to the Choctaw mission that 0 communicate to the Committee the followingresolution, presented by the ?ev. !r. %yington, and adopted by the mission at theclose of its meeting at 5ood6waterB

D Resolved , That the cordial thanks of the members of the mission be presented to the ?ev. 5eo. 9. 9ood, the 3ecretary of the A. %. C. 8. !.,who is with us as a ;eputation from the Prudential Committee, for his

kind, wise and successful efforts in our mission to remove the weight ofan$iety which has long pressed down our hearts in connection with thesubject of slavery. 9e now rejoice much in this mutual and kind

interchange of thoughts and affections. 9e would pray for grace ever to

walk in the path of life, and that blessings may attend him, while with usand on his way home, his family and brethren during his absence, as wellas our mission and the American %oard and all its officers. 9ith peculiarsincerity of heart and gratitude to our 3avior, we present to him this token

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of regard for our dear brother, and make this record of divine mercytoward our mission."

All which is respectfully submitted,

GEO. W. WOO

Rooms of the A. B. C. F. M., New York, Jne !, !#$$.

%his communication of the &rudential 'ommittee was referred to a special committee,

consisting of r. (eman, r. %homas e Witt, r. )awes, 'hief *ustice Williams,oct. +yndon A. mith, r. *. A. tearns, and )on. +inus 'hild, who subse-uently

made the following report

/our committee have endeavored to look at this paper in its intrinsiccharacter and practical bearings, and they are happy to state theirunanimous conviction, that this visit will mark an auspicious era in the

history of these missions. %he report of 0r. Wood is characteri1ed bygreat clearness and precision2 and it presents the whole matters pending between the &rudential 'ommittee and these missions fully before us.

%he conferences of the eputation with the missionaries appear to have been conducted in a truly 'hristian spirit2 and the results which are set

forth in the resolutions, adopted with much deliberation and after fulldiscussion, are such as we may all hail with 'hristian gratitude.

3t is the opinion of your committee that the great end which has beenaimed at by the &rudential 'ommittee in their correspondence with thesemissions, for several years past, and by the (oard in their resolutions

adopted at the last annual meeting, has been substantially accomplished.While your committee admit that there may be some incidental points onwhich an honest diversity of opinion may e4ist, yet they fully believe that

this ad5ustment should be deemed satisfactory, and that further agitationis not called for. While your committee cannot take it upon themselves to predict what new developments, calling for new action hereafter, may

take place, they are unanimously of the opinion that the &rudential'ommittee, and these laborious and efficient missionaries on this field of'hristian effort, may go forward, on the basis adopted, in perfect

harmony in the prosecution of their future work.

/our committee feel that the thanks of this (oard are due to 0r. Woodand our missionary brethren, for the manner in which they have met,considered, and ad5usted these difficult matters which have been long in

debate2 and at the same time they would not forget that God is the sourceof all true light in our deepest darkness, and that to him all the !lory is

ever de.

%he foregoing report of the select committee was adopted by the (oard.

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Transcriber's Notes

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