Report on Population and Malthusian Theory

8/6/2019 Report on Population and Malthusian Theory

1/41

Reporter: MRS. JOSEPHINE F. LORESCA


2/41

is the study of therelationship of

people to other

living and non-

living thingsin theecosystem

is a complex and self-sustaining system ofpeople, the lower animals and organisms, the

water and the air, the food supply, chemicals,

and raw materials that are present in a particular

area.


3/41


4/41

It is the number of

people living in an

area at a given time.

The study of population is called

DEMOGRAPHY.


5/41

RankCountry /

Territory

PopulationDate of

estimate

% of World

population

Source

1 Chinan21,342,010,00

0

January 28,

201119.5%

Official Chinese

Population

Clock

2 India1,193,330,00

0

January 28,

201117.3%

Official Indian

Population

Clock

3United

States311,965,000

January 28,

20114.52%

Official United

States

Population

Clock

4 Indonesia 240,000,000 May 2010 3.44%2010 Indonesian

Census

5 Brazil 192,000,000August 1,

20102.77%

2010 Official

Brazilian Census

results

Source: Wikipedia


6/41

Source: Wikipedia

Year World Asia Africa EuropeLatin

America

Northern

AmericaOceania

20006

,11

5

3,698

(60.5%)

819

(13.4%)7

27

(11

.9

%) 521

(8.5%) 319

(5.2%) 31

(0.5%)

2005 6,5123,937

(60.5%)

921

(14.1%)729 (11.2%) 557 (8.6%) 335 (5.1%) 34 (0.5%)

2010 6,9094,167

(60.3%)

1,033

(15.0%)

733

(10.6%)589 (8.5%) 352 (5.1%) 36 (0.5%)

2015 7,3024,391

(60.1%)

1,153

(15.8%)

734

(10.1%)618 (8.5%) 368 (5.0%) 38 (0.5%)

2020 7,675 4,596(59.9%)1,276

(16.6%)733 (9.6%) 646 (8.4%) 383 (5.0%) 40 (0.5%)

2025 8,0124,773

(59.6%)

1,400

(17.5%)729 (9.1%) 670 (8.4%) 398 (5.0%) 43 (0.5%)

2030 8,3094,917

(59.2%)

1,524

(18.3%)723 (8.7%) 690 (8.3%) 410 (4.9%) 45 (0.5%)

2035 8,5715,032

(58.7%)

1,647

(19.2%)716 (8.4%) 706 (8.2%) 421 (4.9%) 46 (0.5%)

2040 8,8015,125

(58.2%)

1,770

(20.1%)708 (8.0%) 718 (8.2%) 431 (4.9%) 48 (0.5%)

2045 8,9965,193

(57.7%)

1,887

(21.0%)700 (7.8%) 726 (8.1%) 440 (4.9%) 50 (0.6%)

2050 9,1505,231

(57.2%)

1,998

(21.8%)691 (7.6%) 729 (8.0%) 448 (4.9%) 51 (0.6%)

UN 2008 estimates and medium variant projections (in millions).[70]0


7/41

1. absolute size, composition

(structure) and distribution of

population

s

2. changesin population over time

- the way population grow and

shr

ink(socio-cultural sources of those changes

and the various consequences for society

and for the environment)


8/41

1 SIZE, COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION

Census

isa

systemat

ic

measurement of the size, composition

and distribution of a population.


9/41

The census will give a comprehensive picture of the

social and living conditions of a group of people .

The results are essential tools for effective policy,

planning and decision making purposes.

The census will give a comprehensive picture of the

social and living conditions of a group of people .

The results are essential tools for effective policy,

planning and decision making purposes.

The greatest strength of the censusis the provision of detailed

population figures at LOCAL LEVEL.

These help to identify demand for

schools and hospitals, areas of

relatively high unemployment, the

best location for new shops, etc.


10/41


11/41

high proportionof peopleunder 18

high proportionof peopleunder 18

INVEST HEAVILYON

SCHOOLS

INVEST HEAVILYON

SCHOOLS

high proportionof peopleover 65

high proportionof peopleover 65

USE ITS RESOURCES

TO CARE FOR THEELDERLY

USE ITS RESOURCES

TO CARE FOR THEELDERLY


12/41

yAgeySex

marital statusincome

educationrace and ethnicityplace of residence

marital statusincome

educationrace and ethnicityplace of residence


13/41

yAge

ySex

the number of people who willborn and diethe number of people who willmarry

the number of people availablefor employmentand many other aspects ofsocial life

INFLUENCE


14/41

Population Pyramidis a diagram that shows theage and sex composition of

a population.

AGE

COHORT

AGE

COHORT

is a group ofpeople born in aspecified periodof time.


15/41

Population Pyramid

China,2010


16/41

Age DEPENDENCY RATIO is the number ofeconomically dependent people divided bythe number of economically productivepeople in a population

DEPENDENCY RATIO is the number ofeconomically dependent people divided bythe number of economically productivepeople in a population

economically

dependent people

OVER

economically

productive people

Or

EDP/ EPP

economically

dependent people

OVER

economically

productive people

Or

EDP/ EPP

Children under age 15People over the age 65Children under age 15People over the age 65


17/41


18/41

SexSEX RATIO is the number ofmales in a

population for every 100 fe

males in th

atpopulation.

SEX RATIO is the number ofmales in a

population for every 100 fe

males in th

atpopulation.


19/41

1. fertility

2. mortality

3. migration

2


20/41

FERTILITYFERTILITY

It is the rate at which peopleare born.It is the number of childrenthat woman have.

It is usually

measuredby the

CRUDE BIRTH RATE.

It is usually

measuredby the

CRUDE BIRTH RATE.

It is the annual number of livebirths for every 1000 peoplein a population.

It is the annual number of livebirths for every 1000 peoplein a population.


21/41

BIRTH RATES are high in societiesthat places high value onFAMILISM.

A consequence of group

differencesis that a

societyssocial compositionaffectsits crude birth rate.

It is the value thatencourages peopleto marryand bear

children.


22/41

However, ECONOMIC FACTORSmaysometimes reduce the impact of familism.

Birthrates may be low ifmarried couples wish toimprove their ownstandard of living.

The increased educationaland employmentopportunities for womenthat often accompany

industrialization can alsoreduce birth rate.

(women take non-family roles)


23/41

MORTALITY

It is the number of deaths ina population.

It is usuallymeasured

by theCRUDE DEATH RATE.

It is usuallymeasured

by theCRUDE DEATH RATE.

It is the annual number ofdeaths for every 1000 peoplein a population.

It is the annual number ofdeaths for every 1000 peoplein a population.


24/41


25/41

Take note:The highest rates of

death are usually among

the elderly.

The rate of mortality

among the newborns can

also be high.

Mortal

ity

isal

so

affected by the sex ratio-

-- FEMALES USUALLY LIVE

LONGER THAN MALES, on the

average.

The INF

AN

TMORTALITYRATE is the

annual numberof deaths of

children in thefirst year of lifefor every 1000live births ofa

population


26/41

LIFE EXPECTANCY is the averagenumber of years that a person of a

particular age can expect to live.

LIFE SPAN is the maximum number of

years that people might live.

Differentiating LIFE

EXPE

CTAN

CY fromLIFE

SPAN


27/41

MIGRATIONMIGRATION

It is the movement of people from one area to another.

Migration issignificant

for several reasons

relieve population pressure in anoverpopulatedarea

spread culture from one society to

another bring groups into contact and

sometimes into conflict create problems ofadjustments for

people who are uprooted from theirhomes

IMMIGRATIONis movement into an

areawhile

EMIGRATIONis movement out ofan

area.


28/41

MIGRATIONMIGRATION

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION- is the

movement of people from one country toanother.

INTERNAL MIGRATION is the population

movement from one area to another within thesame country.


29/41

y Extensive use of the birth control pill

y The wish of women to have careersy The desire to travel and enjoy leisure activities without

the burdens imposed by children

y Widespread fear of nuclear war

y A disdain for the noise and disorder caused by children

William Drozdiak, 1984


30/41


31/41

y the populations of the

world would increase in

geometric proportions the

food resources available

for them would increaseonly in arithmetic

proportions

y In other words, he

predicted that the worldspopulation wouldsoon

outgrow the foodsupply. Thomas Malthus1766- 1834


32/41

POPULATION INCREASE

(exponential fashion)

(1, 2, 4, 8, 16)

FOOD INCREASE

(additive fashion)

(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)


33/41

Malthus predicted

DISASTER.


34/41

According to Malthus, births

might be reduced through:

postponement of marriage

sexual abstinence

birth control

abortion


35/41

War

Disease

Infanticide

Starvation

He pessimistically concluded

could keep the population in line withthe food supply.


36/41

that the surplus population was not an absolute

term but rather was RELATIVE to the economyability to incorporate people into production


37/41

There were two flaws in

Malthus statement:

A.Technological advances

increase food production at

a much faster rate thanMalthus said.

B.An expanding world economy

was to able to absorb and

support a largerPOPULATION.


38/41

No population can live beyond the

environment's carrying capacity for

very long.

CARRYING CAPACITYCARRYING CAPACITYIt refers to the number of individuals who can be

supported in a given area within natural resource

limits, and without degrading the natural social,

cultural and economic environment for present and

future generations.


39/41

Achieving sustainability will enable

the Earth to continue supportinghuman life as we know it.

Sustainabilityis the capacity to

endure.


40/41

"Once, it was

necessary that thepeople should multiply

and be fruitful if the

race was to survive.But now, to preserve

the race, it is

necessary that peoplehold back the power of

propagation."

-- Helen Keller


41/41

Reporter: MRS. JOSEPHINEF. LORESCA

Documents

Report on Population and Malthusian Theory