Report Rappo - inis.iaea.org

Report RappoAtomic EnergyControl Board

Commission de controlede I'e'nergie atomique

IIIIIIIIIIIIsIII

INFO- 0 0 7 5

STATISTICAL METHODS

APPLIED TO THE STUDY OF RESPIRABLE

DUST CONCENTRATIONS IN URANIUM MINES

IN CANADA.

C. E. MAKEPEACE

Prepared under contract for theAtomic Energy Control Board.

Ottawa, Canada March 31, 1982.

"The Atomic Energy Control Board is not responsible

for the accuracy of the statements made or opinions

expressed in this publication and neither the Board

nor the auchor's) assure(s) liability with respect

to any damage or loss incurred as a result of the

use made of the information contained in this

publication."

ABSTRACT

Statistical analysis of gravimetric dust sampling observations ofrespirable quartz and respirable dust, and the statistical evaluationof kontmeter observations in uranium mines is an aid for determiningworker exposure.

This report describes the techniques used to calculate the mean,standard deviation and the coefficient of variation of both the rawdata and the logarithms of the individual observations.

Log-normal theory is used to calculate the best estimate of themeans and standard deviations of grouped data.

The results of a computer program are presented to demonstratethe log-normality of respirable quartz, respirable dust and konimeterobservations obtained during the period 1974-1980 in Ontario uraniummines.

Finally, the confidence limits for the means of data obtained fornine uranium mine occupations are calculated to graphically demonstratethe relative exposures to respirable quartz and respirable dust.

RESUME

Uanalyse statistique des observations de quartz respirable et de ,poussiere respirable par echanti 1 lonnage gravime'triqueet 1'evaluationstatistique des observations au conimetre dans des mines d'uraniumcontribuent a calculer 1'exposition des travailleurs.

L'auteur deerit les techniques utiiisees pour calculer la moyenne, l'ecarttype et 1e coefficient de variation des donnees brutes et des logarithmes desobservations individuelles.

II utilise la loi de distribution log»normale (loi de 1'essai proportionnel)pour calculer les moyennes et les hearts types de donnees groupees.

L'auteur presente ensuite les re'sultats d'un programme d'ordinateur, qufdemontrent que que les observations de quartz et de poussiere respirabies et lesobservations au con i met re obtenues entre 197*1 et 1980 dans les mines d1 uranium de1'Ontario obeissent a une loi de distribution log-normale.

Z.r\ dernier lieu, I'auteur calcule les limites de confiance des moyennes dedonnees obtenues pour neuf occupations de mines d1uranium et 1 lustre, au moyende graphiques, les expositions relatives au quartz respirable et a la poussiererespirable.

On)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract

Tables

Figures

Acknowledgements

Introduction

Respirable Quartz Concentrations

Respirabie Dust Concentrations

tonimeter Observations

Confidence Limits for the Mean of Dust Concentration

Assessment of the Assumption of Normality

Calculation of the Best Estimate of the Meanand the Standard Deviation

Conclusions

Appendices

Appendix A

Appendix B

Appendix C

Appendix 0

Appendix E

Appendix F

Page

ii

iv

viii

xi

1

3

6

9

11

12

13

16

53

93

108

127

References 152

(tv)

TABLES

PAGENUMBER TITLE NUMBER

1 Gravimetric Oust SamplingRespirable Quartz Series 1 and 2 k

2 Gravimetric Dust SamplingRespirable Quartz Series 3 and k 5

3 Gravimetric Dust SamplingRespirable Dus't Series 1 and 2 7

4 Gravimetric Dust SamplingRespirable Dust Series 3 and h 8

5' Gravimetric Dust SamplingKonimeter Observations 10

A-1 Gravimetric Dust SamplingCalculation Using LognormalTheory, of m, a Statistic to

A-16 Estimate the Mean u and V*a Statistic to Estimate Su

Respirab>e Quartz

A-i Series - 1 Data 17

A-7 Series - 2 Data 29


A-13 Series - k Data 43

Calculation of x ^ , ff]n




A - U Series - k Data M

(V)Page

Number Number

Calculation of x, ff*





Calculation of x, a Mine Occupations

A"* Series - 1 Data 24




g_^ Gravimetric Dust SamplingCalculation Using Lognormal

to Theory, of m, a statistic,toEstimate the Mean u and_V a

B"1" statistic to Estimate S uRespirable Dust.

B"2 Series - 1 Data 55

B-6 Series - 2 Data gi,

B-9 Series - 3 Data

B-12 Series - 4 Data 8o

72

Data

Calculation of 7 ^ , cr

B-3 Series - 1 Data 56




Calculation of x", a.

B-4 Series - 1 Data. 59



B-14 Series - 4 Oata. 84

(vi) PageNumber Number

Calculation of x, o Hine Occupations.

B-1 Series - 1 Data 54B"5 Series - 1 Data 63B~16 Series - A Data 92

C~1 Konimeter Observations,toC-* Calculation of x ,<J.

c-1 Series - 1 Data 94c"2 Series - 1 Data 97c -3 Series - 3 Data 101c"*- Series - 3 Data 10**

E-9 E"9 Series - 1 Data 138

t0 E-11 Series - 3 Data 142

E_12 Calculation of >t log olqg.

E"|° Series - 1 Data 1A0E"12 Series - 3 Data 1**

Calculation of the ConfidenceLimits for the Mean.

0-1 JDT Operator 1 1°D-1

0*2 Scooptram Operator 111

to 0-3 AM/F0 Loader Operator 113

Q.q D-4 MoBf1e Rockbolt Operator 115D-5 Jumbo Dri11 Operator 117D-6 Longhole Driller 119

D-7 Conveyor Bel t Operator 120

D-8 Rock Breaker Operator 121

D-9 Mine Shift Boss 122

PageNumber Number

RespirabJe Quartz

E-1 Summary of the results ofnormal?ty/iog-normality testsMine B 129

E-2 Test for normality ofIndividual Observations

toE-2 Total number of

E-8 Observations - (873) 130

E-3 Sample Area - 1 • 131

E-<f Sample Area - 4 132

E-5 Sample Area - 200 133

E-6 Sample Area - l»00 13^

E-7 Sample Area - 500 135

E-8 Sample Area - 600 • 136

Konimeter Dust Sampling Calculation Using LognormalTheory, of m, a statistic to Estimate the Mean u andV2 a statistic to Estimate S2u.

E-13 Series - 1 Data H 5

E-1 k Series - 3 Data H»6

(vii?)

PageNumber Title Number

Distributions of Gravimetric

Dust Sampling Observations

Respirable Quartz

A-1 Series - 1-Data.In (mg/M^ x 100) 20

A-2 Series,- t Data.mg/rV3 x 100 23

A-3 Series - 2,Data.1n (mg/M-3 x 100) 32

A-4 Series-- 2 Data./M-5 x 100 35

A-5 Series - 3,Data.In (mg/M-3 x 100) 39

A-6 Series,- 3 Data.mg/MJ x 100 42

A-7 Series - 4,Data.1n (mg/M13 x 100) h(>

A-8 Series.- U Data.mg/M3 x 100 ^9

A-9 Series - 4 Data.Surface Observations

3 x 100 52

(ix)


Distributions of Gravimetric


Respirable Dust

B-1 Series - 1,Data.In (mg/MJ x 100) 58

8-2 Series,- 1 Data.mg/MJ x 100 62

8-3 Series - 2,Data.1n (mg/MJ x 100) 67

B-4 Series,- 2 Data.r x 100 71

B-5 Series - 3,Data.1n (mg/M5 x 100) 75

B-6 Series,- 3 Data.mg/M-5 x 100 ; 79

B-7 Series - 4,Data.1 n (mg/MJ x 100) 83

B-8 Series,- k Data.mg/MJ x 100 87

8-9 Series - 4 Data.Surface Observations

^ x 100 91

Konimeter Observations

p.p.c.c.

C-1 Series - 1 Data 96

C-2 Series - 1 Data 1°0

C-3 Series - 3 Data 103

C-k Series - 3 Data .' 107

(X)


Assessment of the Assumption ofNormality Konimeter Observations.

E-1 Series - 1 Data.p.p.c.c 137

E-2 Series - 1 Oata.In (p.p.c.c.) 139

E-3 Series - 3 Data.p.p.c.c • 141

E-4 Series - 3 Oata.1n (p.p.c.c.) 143

95% Confidence Limits for the Mean of PersonalDust Sampling Observations in Uranium Mines.

0-1 ' Respirabie Quartzug/M? 124

D-2 Total ResDirable Dustmg/M3 x 100 125

0-3 Respirable CombustibleDust mg/M3 x 100 ; 126

(xi)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The author Is indebted to the following individuals for commentsconstructive criticism and assistance.

Atomic Energy Control Board

F. Horvath

U. Napier

Or. H. Stocker

Energy Mines and Resources, Canada.

Mineral Sciences laboratory.

W. S. Bowman1

Or. R. Sutarno

1.

INTRODUCTION

Exposure to respirable quartz has long been recognized as an occupationalhazard. The diseases resulting from these exposures are of the pneumoconiosistype, of which silicosis is one example. These diseases appear in the lungand, generally, are chronic or slowly developing. In Canada, silicosis wasobserved in the early years of underground mining among metal and non-metalminers, generally where poor ventilation conditions existed or where dustsuppression techniques were absent. As health authorities became aware of therelation between silicosis and the airborne hazards which may have contributedto its occurrence, those agencies with authority over mining took steps to havethe mining companies introduce forced ventilation and dust suppression techniquesto reduce the concentrations of airborne hazards including respirable quartz.

This study forms part of the dust and radon projects at the Atomic EnergyControl Board (AECB) and a continuation of the work presented at the "OccupationalRadiation Exposure in Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities" Symposium »'), and the"International Symposium on Aerosols in the Mining and industrial Work Environ-ment" U ) and INFO Report 0038 prepared for the Atomic Energy Control Board (3)during 1981.

Respirable quartz, respirable dust and konimeter sampling has been carried outin uranium mines in Ontario during the period 197^' to 1980 to assess workers' expos-ure, efficiency of dust controls and the need for further engineering dust.controlmethods. Before 1974, only konimetry data existed.

Since the most important potential dust hazard in many mines is theconcentration of airborne free silica present the variability in biologicalresponse to quartz concentrations can only be estimated by epidemiologies! studiesafter an accurate record of quartz concentrations has been obtained.

The data were obtained from the results of personal dust samp Una using theC_anadian Mining Personal Oust Sampler (CAMPED) developed by the Elliot Lake

Laboratory of CANMKI. ^ ' ^ ' ^b'

The observations studied were obtained in two Ontario uranium mines asfollows:-

MINE A

Series Sampling Period

1 1977-1978

2 1975-1976

3 197*

MINE B

Sampling Period

1980

The statistical analysis is designed to establish baseline data for a Code ofPractice document using probability theory.

2.

For employing the curve-fitting techniques shown in the text,the population is considered to be the workers who were wearingthe full shift samplers for the period stipulated for each seriesof data.

3.

Applied Statistical Analysis of Respirabl-e Quartz

The results of gravimetric dust sampling for respirable quartz arepresented in Tables 1 and 2 for Series 1, Series 2, Series 3 and Series kdata with detailed statistical analysis presented in Tables A-2 to A-16and Figures A-1 to A-9 in Appendix - A. The distribution? representthe raw data in mg/M* x 100 and the natural logarithms of the data inIn (mg/M3 x 100). Calculation of the best estimate of the mean and thestandard deviation are presented in Tables A-1, A-7, A-10 and A-13-Derivation of the results presented in these latter tables will be foundin Appendix - F.

4.

Table - 1 Gravimetric Dust Sampling

Respirable Quartz

Series 1 Data

mg/Hi x 100

N - 872

X

10.5

c

8.4

Ant Hog

Ln (mg/MJ x 100)

N - 860

7ln

2.02587

7.58

°\n0.77477

2.17

mg/M3 (i)x 100

7

10.2

a

9.3

Series 2 Data

mg/M3 x 100N - 164

7

13.1

u

10.3

Ant!log .

Ln (mg/M3 x 100)N - 159

2.2524

9.51

<Jln

0.9960

2.71

mg/M3 (i)x 100

7

15.5

a

19.7

(1) Calculation, using lognormal theory, of m a Statistic to estimatethe mean u and V a Statistic to Estimate S— .

5.

Table - 2 Gravimetric Dust iaropiing

Reao?fable Quartz

Series 3 Data

mg/M3 x 100

N - 244

7

10.9

a

10.4

Ant I log

Ln <mg/M3 x 100)

N - 232

Xfin

2.10668

8.22

atn

0.77435

2.17

mg/M3 ( i )x 100

x"

11.0

a

9.9

Series 4 Data

mg/M3 x 100N - 326

jf

5.51

Ant

a

5.49

log

Ln (mg/M3 x tOO)N * 261

"Xln

1.35105

3.86

<Hn

0.71596

2.05

mg/M3 (1)x 100

x"

4.96

cr

4.08

-

(1) Calculation, using lognormal theory, of m a Statistic to estimatethe mean u and V a Statistic to estimate SJJ .

6.

Applied Statistical Analysis of Respirable Dust.

The results of gravimetric dust sampling of respirable dust arepresented in Tables 3 and 4 for Series 1, Series 2, Series 3 and Series 4data with detailed statistical analyses presented in Tables B-2, B-3, B-4,B-6, B-7. B-9, B-10, B-11, B-12, B-13, B-iA and B-15 and in Figures B-1 toB-9 Occupational exposures are also presented in Tables B-1, B-5 and B-16in Appendix - B. These distributions represent the raw data in mg/M3 x 100and the natural logarithms of the data in 1n (mg/M3 x 100).

Calculation of the best estimate of the mean and the standard deviationare presented in Tables B-2, B-6, B-9, and B-12. Derivation of the resultspresented in these latter tables will be found in Appendix - F.

7.

Table 3 Gravimetric Oust Sampling

Respirable Dust

Series 1 Data

mg/M3 x 100N - 864

X"

49.1

a

31.6

Ant?log

Ln(mg/M3 x 100)N - 862

Tin

3.10465

22.30

ffln

0.77393

2.17

mg/M3 ( i )x 100

X

29.9

a

27.1

Series 2 Data

mg/M3 x 100N - 137

7

65.5

a

47.2

Antilog

Ln (mg/M3 x 100)N - 155

JTln

4.19274

66.20

"In

0.9644

2.62

mg/M3 (1 )x 100

x"

104.6 126.9

(1) Calculation, using_]ognormal theory, of m a Statistic toestimate the mean u" and V a Statistic to estimate S— .

8.

Table 4 Gravimetric Dust Sampling

Respirabie Dust

Xmg/M3 xN -

X

52.8

100249

a

36.8

Antilog -

Series 3 Data

Ln(mg/M3 x 100). N - 259

XI n

3.80068

44.73

<*ln

0.77033

2.16

mg/M3 (l)x 100

X

60.3

a

54.2

Series 4 Data

mg/M3 x 100

N » 301

X

50.5

u

30.8

Antilog -

Ln(mg/M3 x 100)N - 333

Xln

3.76089

42.98

aln

0.75667

2.13

mg/M3 (i)x 100

X

57.3

0

2.5

-

(1) Calculation, using_lognormal theory, of m a Statistic toestimate the mean u* and V a Statistic to estimate S— .

9.

Applied Stattsttcal Analysis of Koniroeter Observations.

The results of kontmeter sampling are presented in Table 5 for series-1,and series 3 data with detailed statistical analyses presented in tablesC-1 to C-4 and in Figures C-1 to C-A, (Appendix C). The distributionsrepresent the raw data in particles per cubic centimeter.

Calculation of the best estimate of the mean and the standard deviationof kontmeter observations are presented in Tables E-13 and E-Tf with graphicalpresentation of the log-normal distributions in Tables E-2 and E-4 in Appendix E.

Table 5 Gravimetric Dust SaropMng


p.p.c.c.

DataSource

Series - 1

Series - 1

(1)Series - 1

Series - 3

Series - 3

0)Series - 3

Class Interval

0 - 2 5

0 - 100

-

0 - 25

0 - 5 0

-

N

438

438

438

242

242

242

I

191.1

186.8

149.8

283.6

284.9

242.1

a

180.2

186.3

84.1

189.4

188.0

94.2

CVfc

93.3

99.7

56.1

66.8

66.2

38.9

N

7

a

CV

- Number of Observations

- Arithmetic Mean

- Standard Deviation

- Coefficient of Variation

(1) Calculation, using lognormal theory of m a Statistic to estimate the mean u and V a Statistic

for estimate S . Appendix E. Tables 13 and

11.

Relative Exposure of Nine Different Occupations tn an Ontario UraniumMine to Respirable Quartz, Respirable Dust and Respirable Combustible Dust.

Small number statistical methods techniques M ( 2 M 3 ) (7)(9)have beenused to calculate the confidence limits at the 95 per cent probabilitylevel for respirable quartz mg/M3, respirable dust mg/M3 x 100 and respirablecombustible dust mg/M3 * 100 for the following occupations in an Ontario Uraniummine -: W (5) (6) .

- JDT Operator- Scooptram Operator- AN/FO Loader Operator- Mobile Rock Bolt Operator- Jumbo Drill Operator- Longhole Driller- Conveyor Belt Operator- Rock Breaker Operator- Mine Shaft Boss

The graphical presentations in Figures D-1, D-2 and Q-jL'" Appendix Dreveal the relative exposures of the various occupations' . The upper andlower limits at the 95% confidence level have been plotted. The conveyorbelt operator (47) is revealed to have the highest exposure in this groupof occupations.

12.

Assessment of the Assumption of normality of individual Observations.

Documents having reference to the assumption of normality anti log-normalityare listed under the References (8), (11) to (15), (21) to (24) and (19). Thesources of the tables and graphical presentations is reference (19) in Appendix-E.

Six of the area classifications listed in Table E-1 are presented in Tablest-3 to E-8 for respirable quartz concentrations. These results of computerprogram studies (16) reveal the observations to be log-normally distributed.

The results of the studies of konimeter observations for series-1 andseries-3 data reveal these distributions to be log-normal, at the 0.05 probabilitylevel, Figures E-1 to E-4 and Tables E-9 to E-12.

13.

Use of Log-normal Theory to Calculate the eest Estimate of the Mean andthe Standard Deviation of Konimeter, Respirable Dust and Respirabie QuartzObservations (17) (18)09)12677

As described in Appendix E individual observations of respirabic quartz,respirable dust and konfmeter data have been found to be log-normally distributed.

(19) UO)Studies of log-normal distribution observations have revealed the

necessity for further statistical analysis to correct a tendency to underestimatethe true value of the mean and standard deviation of a log-normal distribution.The method recommended by Aitenison and Brown (20) an(j illustrated by Link (19)has been used to calculate the best estimate of the mean and the standard deviationfor all of these distributions presented in Appendix A, B, C and E. For a fullerdiscussion of the method of Altchison and Brown, refer to Appendix F.

14.

Conclusions

Applied statistical analyses of a large number of respirable quartz,respirable dust and konimeter observations in Ontario uranium mines haverevealed the best estimate of the mean and the standard deviation of theconcentrations of respirable quartz to be as foliows:-

ries

1

2

34

N

860

159232

261

X ,mg/MJ

0.102

0.1550.110

0.050

0.0930.1970.0990.041

for the concentrations of respirable dust, in the following table

1

2

34

862

155259333

and for Konimeter observations

1

3

in p.p.c.c.

438242

mg/M-5

0.29?

1.046

0.060

0.057

X

149.8

242.1

0.271

1.270

0.540

0.025

84.1

94.2

15.

A study of nine mine occupations has demonstrated the Importanceof graphical presentation of the 95% confidence limits to reveal therelative exposure of mine workers to respirabie quartz,total respirabledust,and combustible dust concentrations. The conveyor belt operatorarea was found to have the highest concentration.

16.

Appendix - A

Applied Statistical Analysis

of.

Respirable Quartz

Observations.

17.

Table A-1

Gravimetric Dust SamplingCalculation Using Lognormal

Theory, of in, a Statistic to"~2 Estimate the Mean u and ,V a statistic to Estimate S u

Series - 1 DataRespirable QuartzIn (mg/MJ x 100)

Calculation of m

Notation

u"

So2

u

N

m »

(eu) * (i sj )

m •

Value

2.02587

0.600268

7.5383

860

0.300134

1.3*9

10.1692

10.17mg/M3 x 100

0.10-mg/M"5

Calculation of V

Notation

u"

Su2

2u"

e27

N

* n (SJ jV2

V2

V

Value

2.02587

0.600268

4.05174

57.397

860

1.490

1.490(57,39)

85.5215

9.2478

9.25mg/MJ x 100

0.092mg/M3

Class Interval

0.000-0.250

0.250-0.500

O.5OO-O.75O

0.750-1.000

1.000-1.250

1.250-1.500

1.500-1.750

1.750-2.000

2.000-2.250

2.250-2.500

2.'500-2.750

2.750-3.000

3.000-3.250

3.250-3.500

3.500-3.750

3.750-4.000

4.000-4.250

4.250-4.500

4.500-4.750

4.750-5.000

Table..

18.

A?2 1

Gravimetric Oust Sampling

Series -

Resplrable Quartz

in (mg/M3

f

22

0

50

0

596480

135128

997768

28

31

6

9

30

0

1

ef - " 866

1 Data

Concentrations

x 100)

d

-7-6

-5

-4-3-2

-1

0

1

2

34

5

6

78

910

11

12

efd

X 1 - , .

t - 0.

fd

-154

0

-250

0

-177

-128

- 80

| -789 |

128

198

231

272

140

186

42

72

270

0

12+1308

• 519 «efdZ

875

,250

fd2

1078

0

1250

0

531

256

80

-

128

396

6931088

700

1116

294

576

243

0

0

144

- 8573

19.

Series-1 Data

N • ef - 860

efd -T~efd2 »

N

[sfdJ2 -

IT -

efd (i)N

- 1- 2

*

-

a1 -

a m

m

-

Hi •

X

0.

1 .

-

) - 0.0603488

r2 ' 9.968605

364198

875 i - 0.250

0.150872

1 + efd ( i )N

.875 + 0.150872

.025872

e

9

9

3

<T

0

0

fd2 - ( efd)2

N~ ~ T T

.968605 - 0.364198

.604407

.099098

' x i

.250 x 3.099098

.7747744

2.02587 ,In Cmg/M3x100)

7.58270mg/M^ x 100

- 0.77477,1n(mg/MJx100)

2.17009,mg/MJ x 100

Figure A-1

Gravimetric Dust Sampling - Series-1 DataRespirable Quartz Concentration

In (tng/M* x 100)

140 .

130

120 •

110

100

u

S 90

I 80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

x1n - 2.02587

o 1 n - 0.77*77

Ant I log

X -7-58 mg/M3 x 100

a =2.17 mg/M3 x 100

o

0.00 0. 500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000In (mq/M3 x 100)

3.500 <t.000 4.500 5.000

21.

Table A-3

Gravimetric Dust Sampling

Series 1 Data

Respirafale Quartz Concentrations

mg/H3 x 100

Class Intervalmg/MJ x 100

0 - 55 - 1 0

10 - 15

15 - 20

20 - 25

25 - 30

30 - 35

35 - 40

40 - 45

4 5 - 5 0

50 - 55

55 - 60

ef

f

193

353

156

81

35

23

13

3

5

6

2

2

- BIT

d

-1

0

1

2

34

56

7e"9

10

efd

fd

- 1 9 3

0

156

162

105

92

6518

35

48

18

20

71<»m 526

fd2 f%

1930

156

324

315

369

325

108

245

384

162

200

efd2 » IfST

22.

Series 1 Oata

ef - 872

efd - 526 - 0.6032I T 572"

I 2 - 278I - 3.1892~ -B7T

/efdl2 - 0.36385l~TT7

T1 - 7.5 I - 5.0

: erai. IT

1. *

J '

\t) •

- xi

- 7.- 1C

3.016

1 + efd ( i )N

5 + 3.0161.516

' - efd2 - (efd)2

N N

- 3.- 2.

» 1.

- 01- 1.

- 8.

- 10.53mg/MJ

1892 - 0.36385

82535

680877

x i6808 x 5

404

x 100

Coefficient of Variation

CV •< 8.40ibTsT

x 100 - 79.8%

a - 8.1*0,mg/M1* x 100

23.

PJ

< 01c

>- &3 E

I

O Oe o

in -3* oo• • •

o co a\n «13 >

§X

oCM

O

ooo oo

24.

Table A-4


Series - 1 Data

Respirabie Quartz

mg/M3 x 100

Occupat i on

Shift Boss

Crushing

Rock bolting

Shaft Cagetender

Drift Trackman

Shift Deckman

Hau1age

Mucking

Misc Travel

Shaft Skiptender

Shaft Material

Services:

Rigger

Clean Track

Timberman

Pipefitting

Bulldozer

rtechani c

Ditching

Electrician

General

Sea 1i ng

N

21

4

4212

32

56862

946

(Observation

5

(Observation

966

302

18

X

6.52

12.25

9.0

7.75

11.74

4.612.739.60

7.568.510.66

32 included )

6.4

32 not included)

5.677.66

13.3

10.5

6.515.1

q

5.44

12.31

5.934.56

13-76

2.07

9.58

6.70

2.35

3.8710.58

1,81

3.16

5.28

9.5

8.31

2.12

29.58

cv

(Observation 136 included)

17 8.89 8.18

(.Observation 136 not included)

6 10.67 9.33

39 4.62 3-18

28 8.53 4.891 Observation - 18

83.3

100.5

65.958.8

117-245.0

75.2469.031.1

45.599.0

28.3

55.8

68.9

71.4

78.9

32.1

195.9

92.1

87.5

68.9

57-3

25.

Table A-5

Gravimetric Oust Sampling

Occupation -

Respirable

Series 1

rag/M3 x

Oril1 ing

Quartz

Data

100

Class Interval

0 - J5

5 - 1 0

10 - 15

15 - 20

20 - 25

25 - 30

30 - 35

35 - 40

40 - 45

45 - 50

50 - 55

55 - 60

f

40

8726

11

6

0

31

1

0

0

0

ef -T75~

d

-1

0

1

2

34

56

78

910

fd

-40

-40

26

22

18

0

15

6

70

0

0

ITefd »~5T~

cfd2

i

X1

fd2

40

-

26

44540

4536490

0

0

. 294

- 5

- 7.5

26.

N - ef - 175

efd"FT(efd)N

efd2

N

x 1

- 54 - 0.30857T75

2 - 0.095216

» 294 » 1.68

T75"- 7.5

efd (!) - 0.3075N - 1.5429

X - X

(a')2

a'

a

a

X

1 + efd (I) » 7.5 +N

- efd2 - (efd)2

"FT "FT- 1.68 - 0.095

» 1.585

- 1.2589

«•• o1 x i

- 1.2589 x 5

- 6.2948

* 9.043 ,mg/MJ x 100

- 0.090 mg/M3

1.5429 - 9.0428

a - 6.295 3mg/M x 100

<? - 0 .063 mg/M3

27.'

Table A-6

Gravimetrfc Dust Sampling

Occupation - Slushing

Respiradle Quartz

Series I Data

mg/M3 x 100

Class Interval

0 - 5

5 - 1 0

10 - 15

15 - 20

20 - 25

25 - 30

30 - 35

35 - 40

1*0 - 45

45 - 50

50 - 55

f

36

66

41

26

8

3

2

1

2

2

1

ef- TB8"

d

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

fd

-36

41

52

24

12

10

6

1*

16

9

- '36

fd

36

-

41

10<,

72

48

50

36

98

128

81

efd

X1

694

5.0

7.5

28.

N - ef - 188

efd « 148 - 0.78723*~N~ 188"

efd2 - 694

(efd}2 - 0.6197374

X 1 -7.5

efd (i) - 0.787234 x 5.0

N

- 7.5 + 3.93617-11.436

efd2 - (efd)2

~N~ "NT

694 - 0.6197693.38

a1 - 26.33

a - a 1 x i

<7 - 131.661

11.436 , a - 131.661 ,mg/M"5 x 100 . mg/M-5 x 100

0.114 mg/M3 - 1.317 mg/M3

29.

Table A-7

Grayimetric Dust Sampling

Calculation Using Lognormai

Theory, of m, a Statistic to

Estimate the Mean u and

V2 a Statistic to Estimate S2u

Series - 2 Data

Respirable O.uartzTn (mg/M.* x 100)

Calculation of m

Notation

u

e "

N

• <* sj)

m •

(e17) M S2)

m •

-

Value

2.25236

0.992

9.W77

0.496

159

1.635

15.5124

15.5

mg/M3x 100

0.16

mg/M3

2Calculation of V

Notation

u"

s2

u

2u"

e2"

N

•"(S2)

V2

v2

V -m

Value

2.25236

0.992

4.50472

90.017

159

4.3089

4.3089(90.03)

387.87

19.69519.70

mg/M3 x 100

0.20

mg/M3

Class Interval!rv (mq/MJ x 100)

0.000 - 0.250

0.250 - 6.5000.500 - 0.750

0.750 - 1.000

1.000 - 1.250

1.250 - 1.500

1.500 - 1.750T

1.750 - 2.000

2.000 - 2.250

2.250 - 2.500

2.500 - 2.750

2.750 - 3.0003.00C - 3.2503.250 - 3.5003.500 - 3.7503.750 - 4.0004.000 - 4.250

4.250 - 4.500

4.500 - 4.7504.750 - 5,000

5.000 - 5.250

5.250 - 5.500

30.

Table A-8

Gravimetric Dust Samplinq

Respirable

In

f

732

86

510

1721

1714

13148

740

0

1

0

0

2

ef- 159

Series - 2 Data

Quartz Concentrations

(mg/M3 x tOO)

d

-8

-7-6

-5-4-3-2

-1

o ;i

2

34

56

78

91011

12

13

fd

-56-21

-12

-40

-24

-15-20

-17-2051728

395640

42280

0

10

0

0

26+ 286

fd

448

14772

200

96A540

17

-

17

56

117

224200

2521960

0

100

0

0

338

efd

cfd"

2.125 0.250

N - e f - 159

jfd - 81 - 0.509^339era • oi >"TT 759

efd2 - 2565 - 16.132075"FT TS9

(efd)2 - 0.2595229

x l » 2.125 i - 0.250

efdTT

:in

(a1)

la •

a •

m

\

X

(f) - 0.509434 x 0.250- 0.1273585

-

2

3.1

a

3-0.

-

X l + e f d (i)N

- 2.125 * 0.1273585- 2.252358

- efd2 - (efd)2

"FT "FT

- 16.132075 - 0.259523- 15.872552

984037

x i

984037 x 0.250996009

2.252236,In (mg/M x 100)

9.51 3mg/M x 100

31.

Series 2 Data

or * 0.99600In (mg/M3x 100)

a - 2.71m<j/M3x 100

32.

x

I)

3

4)tn

ac

E

O

C

UO

| 2N

Is. u1

"a.in

2.25

2

11

100

X

z• » »

c

§"

{

00

d11

c5"

100

X

Jc

010

—

1

100

X

«».

i1LTV

II

( X

100

X

/bin

u

e

o

in

Cioo

oo

QQO

oo

e aCM

Class Intervalmg/M3 x 100

0 - 55 - 1 0

10 - 15

15 - 20

2 0 - 2 5

25 - 30

30 - 35

35 - 40

40 - 45

45 - 50

50 - 55

55 - 60

33.

Table - A 9


Series -

Respirable Quartz

f

384725

20

136

544

1

1

0

mg/M3

d

0

1

2

3456

7S

910

11

2 Data

Concentrations

x 100

fd

0

4750

60

52

30

30

28

32

9

10

0

fd2

0

47100

180

208

150

180

196

256

81

100

0

f%

23-1728.66

15.24

12.20

7.933.66

3.05

2.43

2.43

0.61

0.61

ef99.99

efd -

e fd 2

5.0

34. _

Series - 2 Data

"9-efd'HT

. 348 »

« 1498 •

2.12195

• 9.13415

(;efd)2» 4.50267"~TT

cfdN

7 -

-

• 2.5

(f) - 2.

- 10.

T1 • efdN

2.5 + 10

13-11

1219 x 5

6095

. <o

.6095

i - 5.0

2 2 2(a1) - efd - (efd)

~M~ I T

- 9-134 - 4.503

- 4.631

cr - 2.1579

<j - x i

- 2.1519 x 5.0

> 10-76

X"- 13.11mg/M3 x 100

Coefficient of variation - CV

CV - 10.76 x 100 - 8 2 . nTTTT

10.7100

Figure A- 4

Gravimetric Dust SamplingResplrable Quartz Concentration

Series 2 - Pata

1 5 0a

30

20

10

ing/IT

X - 13.1 mg/M3 x 100

a - 10.8 mg/M3 x 100

10 20 25 30mg/M3 x 100

35 1)5 50 55 60

Table - A 10


Calculation Using Lognormal

Theory, of mt a Statistic to

Estimate the Mean u and V

a Statistic to Estimate s£

Series - 3 Data

Respirable Quartzln[mg/M-> x 100)

Calculation of m

Notation

u"2

eu

2T - i Su

• ( i Su )

m »

(e") *(& Su )

m •

as

Value

2.10668

0.599618

8.1662

0.299809

1.347

8.1662(1.347)

10.9998

11.0mg/M3 x 100

Calculation of V2

Notation

u

2

2JT

e2"

N

2cf>n (Su )

2V2

V

V

-

Value

2.10668

• 0.599618

4.21336

67.357

232

1.469

1.469(67.357)

98.9474

9.9472mg/M3 x 100

9*9mg/M3x 100

Class Interval

mg/M3 x 100

0.000 - 0.250

0.250 - 0.500

0.500 - 0.750

0.750 - 1.000

1.000 - 1.250

1.250 - 1.500

1.500 - 1.750

1.750 - 2.000

2.000 - 2.250

2.250 - 2.500

2.500 - 2.750

2.750 - 3.000

3.000 - 3.250

3.250 - 3-500

3.500 - 3.750

3.750 - A.000

4.000 - A.250

4.250 - A.500

4.500 - 4.750

4.750 - 5.000

37.

table A-!l


Serfes - 3 Data

Respirable Quartz

In (mg/M3 x 100)

0

0

11

1

15

25

28

33

23

32

17

21

6

6

8

3

1

2

0

0

ef «~232~

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

0

0

-55

-4

-45

-50

-28

-182

23

64

51

84

30

36

56

24

9

20

0

0

+ 397

fd'

0

0

275

16

135

100

28

23

128

153

336

150

216

392

192

81

200

0

0

efd

efd

3T- 1.875 0.250

38.

Series - 3 Data

N - ef - 232

efd « 215.- 0.9267241

efd2 » 2425 » 10.452586I T "23?

(efd)2 - 0.8588176H

X « 1.875 i - 0.250

efd ( i ) - 0.9267241 x 0.250N « 0.2316810

- 1

- 1.875 + 0.231681- 2.106681

(a1)2 - efd2 - (efd)2

N "7T

- 10.452586 - 0.8588176- 9.593768

<J - 3.097380a,n - a x i

- 3.097380 x 0.250- 0.774345

X ^ - 2 . 1 0 6 6 8 a]n -.

In (mg/M3xl00) In (mg/M3x100)

7 - 8.22, a - 2.17,mg/M-'xiOO mg/M^xlOO

Figure - A 5

Gravimetric Dust Sampling - Series 3 DataRespirable Quartz Concentration

In (mg/H3 x 100)

cu3

s

1)0

30

2Q

10-

0

5T - 2.10668 ,ln In (mg/M3x100)

o - O.77*»35 ,In In (mg/ITxiOO)

Antilog

jf - 8.22 mg/M3x100

o - 2.17 mg/M3x100

-n .0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 3-500

In (mg/M3 x 100)I). 000 <i.500 5.000

Class Interval

mq/M3x100

0 - 5

5 - 10

10 - 15

15 - 20

20 25

25 - 30

30 - 35

35 - 40

40 - 45

45 - 50

50 - 55

55 - 60

60 - 65

65 - 70

70 - 75

75 - 80

80 - 85

40.

-Table - A 12


f

638350

21

12

4330

2

0

1

0

0

1

0

1

ef - 244

Series - 3 Data

mg/M3x100

d

0

1

2

3456

78910

11

12

13

14

1516

efd »

fd

0

83100

634820

18

21

0

18

0

11

0

0

14

0

16

<t122

efd =»

fd

0

83200

189

192

100

108

147

0

162

0

121

0

0

1960

256

fj

25.32

34.02

20.498.61

4.92

1.64

1.23

1.23

0

0.82

0

0.41

0

0

0.41

0

0.41

100.01

2.5 I - 5.0

41.

Series - 3 Data

N - ef • * 244

efd_« 412 - 1.68852N 255"

2efd - 1754 ' 7.188525N IW

2(efdl - 2.85112~TT" —1

X - 2.5 i » 5.0(efdli - 1.68852 x 5~H~

- 8.4426

7 - X + (efd)i

=» 2.5 + 8,4426

- 10.94261 2 2 2

(a ) - efd - (efd)~H~ ~H~

* 7-18853 - 2.85112

i •' 4.33740

a * 2.0826

a " a x i

=* 10.413

10.9 , <J » 10.4 ,mg/M-'xlOO

Coefficient of Variation - CV

CV - 10.4 x 100 - 95%

kz.

I

i — jU X

3 c/> t . "

>10

Oo

x

ao

O en

H

|x

5o gi

o

Table - A 13


Calculation, Using Lagnormai

Theory, of m a statistic to

Estimate the Mean IT and

V a Statistic to Estimate

Su . Series - 4 Data

Respirabie Quartz )n(mq/M3 x 100)

Calculation of m

Notation

u

2Suu

N

T » i Su

*(i Su)

m »

(e") *n(iS2u)

m •

Value

1.35105

0.5125987

3.857*

261

0.256299

1.289

3.857* x1.289

4.96*878mg/M* x 100

0.043mg/M3

Calculation of V

Notation

IT2

Su

2u

e2"

N

<f>n (S u)

2V2

V »

V

Value

1.35105

0.5125187

2.7021

14.880

261

1.12033

1*.880 x 1.1203

16.6705104

4.08295mg/MJ x 100

0.041 mg/M3

Table - A 14


Series - 4 Data

1980

Respirabie Quartz

In (mg/M3 x 100)

Class Interval

0.000 - 0.250

0.250 - 0.500

0.500 - 0.750

0.750 - 1.000

1.000 - 1.250

1.250 - 1.500

1.500 - 1.750

1.750 - 2.000

2.000 - 2.250

2.250 - 2.500

2.500 - 2.750

2.750 - 3.000

3.000 - 3.250

3.250 - 3.500

3.500 - 3.750

3.750 - 4.000

4.000 - 4.250

f

0

0

840

5537

17

23

13

12

4

9

2

30

2

0

d

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4,

56

78910

11

12

13

14

fd

0

0

0

0

110

111

68

115

788432

81

20

330

26

0

fd

0

0

0

0

220

333272

575468

588

256

729200

3630

338

0

ef » 26T

sfd

efd 534T

45.

Series - 4 Data

N - sf • 261

efd -N2

sfd 'TT(efd)'

m~2tj

Z ' (

- 2.9042145

[2_- 16.6350153

2.9042145)2 - 8.43446186

efd ( i ) - 2.9042145 (0.250)N - 0.7260536

J. - T1. + efd(l) - 0.625 + 0.7260536in in .j

- 1.35105362 2 2

fo) ()foln) £f ( )- 16.6360153 - 8.434462

- 8.2015533

aln » 2.86383542

5ln " ff!n x J

- 2.8638354 x 0.250

- 0.715959

7. - 1.35105 , a l n - 0.71596,l n lndng/H^xlOO) l n 1n(mg/M-'x100)

Antilogarithms

'- 3.861 , or - 2.046mg/MJx100

- 0.039 mg/M3 - 0.020 mg/M3

Figure - A 7

Gravimetric Dust Sampling - Series k Data - 1980Resplrable QuartzIn (mg/H* x 100)

3

* , _ - 1.35105x 100)

°-71596 ,Inimg/M3 x 100)

.000 1 000 2.000 3.000In (mg/H3 x 100)

*.000 5.000

47.

Table - A 15


Series - 4 Data

1980

Respirable Quartz

Underground Gravimetric Dust

Sampiing

mg/M3 x 100

Class Interval

mq/M3x100

0 - 5

5 - 10

10 - 15

15 - 20

20 - 25

25 - 30

30 - 35

35 - 40

40 - 45

f

235

58

14

7

3

6

2

0

1

d

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

fd

0

58

28

21

12

30

12

0

8

2fd

0

58

56

63

48

150

72

0

64

ef - 325"

sfd -2

efd - 511

48.

Series - 4 Data

N - ef - 326

efd -TT(efd)2

N

efd •N

X 1 ^

- 2.

- 5.! 2

196 • 0.601227155"

• 0.36144

511 - 1.5674832T

.5 (efd) i -N

1 +efd (1)

.5 + 3-00614

.506142 2

• efd - (cfd)~H~ IT

- 1.56748 - 0.36144

- 1.206041

0 •

a »

X - 5.

> 1.09819

• o x 5 » 1.90819 x 5• 5.49099

5 1 3mg/MJx100

0.6012273.00614

a

x 5

m 15.49mgATxiOO

0.06mg/MJ

0.05mg/MJ

Figure - A 8

Gravimetric Dust Sampling - Series k Data - 1980Respirable Quartz

mg/M3 x 100

SO"o X - 5.51 ,

mg/M3x100

mg/ITxiOO

100

50mg/M3 x

50.

Table - A 16


Series - '

1980

Respirable

'* Data

Quartz

Surface Gravimetric Dust Sampling

mg/M3 x 100

Class Interval

mg/M3 x 100

0 - 5

5 - 1 0

10 - 15

15 - 20

20 - 25

fd fd

32

n

7

5

3

ef -~55~

0

1

2

3

4

0

12

14

15

12

0

12

28

45

48

efd » 53

efd - 133

Note: One observation 0.83 mg/M3

Mandatory Respirator Area.

51.

H - ef - 59

efdIT

m

'f'efd'ITx >

x"»

m

(a1)

i<j

a

X -

*

>i

• ;

X

z.6.2

6.

0.

53 - 0.898305157z* 0.80695

- i|i - 2.254237

2.5 (efd)IT

1 + (efd) iN

.5 + 4.491526

.9922 2

• efd - (efd)N TT

- 2.254237 - 0.80695

» 1.447287

- 1.2030324

- 1.2030 x 5

- 6.0152

99 mg/M3x100

07 mg/M3

4.491526

a « 6.02 mg/M3x100

- 0.06 mg/M3

Figure - A 9Gravimetric Dust Sampling Series - k Data - 1980~~ Surface Observations

Resplrable Quartz

mq/M x tOO

3Q

§

20

X - 6.99mg/MJx100

mg/MJxl00

0( 10 15 20 25 30

mg/M3 x 10035

—r-50

53.

Appendix - B


of

Respirabie Dust Observations

54.

Table - B 1


Occupation

Haulage

Rockbolting

Slushing

Drilling

Slushing

Trackman

Slushing

Mechanical

Occupational Maximum Observations

Respirable Dust

mg/M3

Series 1. Oata

Observation

0.41

0.42

0.43

0.44

0.45

0.51

0.83

1.30

55.

Table - B 2

Gravtmetric Dust SamplingCalculation Using Lognormal

Theory, of m, a Statistic to.Estimate the Mean u and .

V a Statistic to Estimate SuSeries - 1 DataRespirable DustTn (mq/MJ x fTO)

Calculation of m

Notation

u2Su

eu

N

1 z

T- i Su

* (i Su)

— 2» = (eU) *(i Su)

m •

m

Value

3.10465

0.598963

22.198

862

0.29948

1.349

22.198 x1.349

29-945mg/M3x100

0.30 mg/M3

Calculation of V2

Notation

u"2

Su

2u

e*"

N

•n(Su)

V 2 = e 2 " <j,n (Su)

V *

Value

3.10465

0.598963

6.02930

492.75

862

1.494

492.75(1.494)

736.1685

27-132mg/M3x100

0.27mg/M3 .

_ 56.

Table - B 3


Series 1, Data

Respirable Dust Concentrations

In (mg/M3 x 100)

Class Interval f d fd fd

0.000 - 0.250 5

0.250 - 0.500 0

0.500 - 0.750 1

0.750 - 1.000 0

1.000 - 1.250 2

1.250 - 1.500 3

1.500 - 1.750 3

1.750 - 2.000 8

2.000 - 2.250 6

2.250 - 2.500 16

2.500 - 2.750 22

2.750 - 3.000 70

3.000 - 3.250 68

3.250 - 3.500 108

3.500 - 3.750 121

3.750 - 4.000 138

4.000 - 4.250 110

4.250 - 4.500 77

4.500 - 4.750 47

4.750 - 5.000 26

5.000 - 5.250 17

5.250 - 5.500 6

5.500 - 5.750 6

5.750 - 6.000 1

6.000 - 6.250 0

6.250 - 6.500 0

6.500 - 6.750 1

6.750 - 7.000 0

ef - 361

1514

1312

11

10

9

8

76

54

32

1

0

1

2

3,4

5

6

78

910

11

efd -

• 3-875

' 0.250

-75- 0

-13- 0

-22

-30

-27

-64

-42

-96

-110

-280

-204

-216

-121

| -1300

110

154

141

104

85

3642

8

0

0

11+ 691

- <*92

efd

1125

0

169

0

242

300

243

512

294

576

550

1120

612

432

121

I110

308

423416

425

216

294

64

0

0

121

57.

Series - 1 Data

N « ef - 862

efd - -609 • -0.7081395

efd - 8673 - 10.084883N ~55o"

(efd) - 0.5014616

X" l« 3.875 1 - 0.250

efd (i) - -0.7081395 x 0.250

* l n -

m

(a1)2.

a

1

a »

a •

a

a

In

- -0.177035

X1 - efd (i)

3.875 - 0.77035

3.10465

• efd - (efd)"FT ~

• 10.084883 - 0.5014616

• 9.583421

• 3.095710

• a x i

• 3.09571 x 0,250

. 0.773927

3.10465 ,In (mg/MJx100)

- 0.773927 ,In (mg/M-'xiOO)

7 - 22.3 a - 2.2mg/M-'xiOO

Aousnbajj

59-Table - B it

Gravmietric Dust Sampling

Series 1 Data

Respirabie Dust Concentrations

mo/M3 x 100

Class Interval f d fd fd f%

rog/^xJOO

0 - 5

5-10

10 - 15

15-20

20 - 25

25 - 30

30 - 35

35 - 40

40 - 45

45 - 50

50 - 55

55 - 60

60 - 65

65 - 70

70 - 75

75 - 80

80 - 85

85 - 90

90 - 95

25 - 100

100 - 105

105 - 110

110 - 115

115 - 120

120 - 125

125 - 130

130 - 135

135 - 140

140 - 145

145 - 150

150 - 155

J55 - 160

11

18

3364

7374

63

62

7661

*7 .42

3731

28

1718

1512

13

13

48

70

5552

31

1

-8-7-6

-5-4

-3-2

-1

01

2

34

56

78

910

11

12

1314

15

16

1718

19

20

21

22

23

-88-126

-198

-320

-292

-222

-126

-62

1 -1434 |

61

91

126

148

155

168

119144

135

120

143228

52112

105

0

8590

9540

63

22

23

704

8821188

1600

1168

666

252

62

061

188

378592

7751008

8331152

1215

1200

1573

2736

6761568

735

0

1445

1620

1805

800

1323

484

529

1.29

2.11

3.86

7-49

8.55

8.67

7.38

7.26

8.90

7.14

5.50

4.92

4.33

3-63

3.28

1.99

2.11

1.76

1.41

1.52

2.22

0.47

0.94

0.82

0

0.59

0.59

0.59

0.23

0.35

0.12

0.12

60.

160 - 165

165 - 170

170 - 175

175 - 180

180 - 185

185 - 190

190 - 195

1

1

1

0

50

1

24

25

26

2728

2930

24

25

26

0

140

0

30

576

625

6760

3929

0

900

0.12

0.12

0.12

0.00

0.29

0.00

0.12

Outlying Observations

208, 227, 246, 25*. 273, 373, 381, 690

- 864 m . ^_^+ 8 25W 106.86

efd - 3592*

Outlying Observation 872efd - 1136

X - 42.5

i - 5.0

61.

Series - 1 Data

N - ef - 864

efd » 1136 - 1.31W148

efd - 35924 - 41.57870

(efd)2 - 1.72786

X* - 42.' 5.0

efd (!) - 1.3148148 (5.0)N

- 6.574074

X " X*+ efd ( i )IT

- 42.5 + 6.57417» 49.0741 2 2 2

{a ) - efd - (efd)N N

- 41.5787 - 1.72786

- 39.851

ff1 - 6.312752

o - aXx i

- 6.312752 x 5

-31.5637

7 - 49.1 a - 31.6mg/M3x100 mg/M3x100


CV » 31.6 x 100 » 64.4%41TT

Figure - B 2

Gravimetric Dust Sampling - Respirable Dust

Series 1 Data

mg/M3 x 100

100mg/M3 x 100

X = <i9.1mg/M3x1OO

o = 31.6mg/M3x100

CV- to.k%

TTr-r-n,-,150 200

I

I

63.

1I]

I31

i]

0ai]

1'

Occupation

Rigger

Clean Track

Timberman

Pipefitting

Bulldozer

Mechanic

Ditching

Electrician

General

Scaling

Table

Gravimetric 1

Series -

- BJust

1

Respirable

mg/M3 X

5Sampiing

Data

Dust

100

1 Observation - 72.

(1) CV - Coefficient of Variation - a >a_x 100

7

CV (D

Shift Boss

Crushing

Rockbolting

Shaft Cagetender

Drift Trackman

Shft Deckman

Haulage

Mucking

Hisc Travel

Shaft Skiptender

Shaft Material

Services:

21

44212

32

56862

9.46

30.57

38.7551.17

46.5

43.39

77.6

55.4

70.8

43.78

52.25

49.5

15.11

36.76

46.34

14.73

26.05

59.8

39-349.4

26.86

17.73

18.3

49.4

95.0

90.6

31.7

60.0

77.170.9

70.0

61.2

34.0

36.9

9 22.36 10.78 48.2

6 32.2 8.92 27.7

6 60.2 61.2 181.0

30 67.42 30.03 44.5

2 93.5 12.02 12.8

18 44.3 22.33 50.4

(Observations 273 and 373 not included)

21 67.4 82.89 122.9

(Observations 273 and 373 included)

6 76.7 79.2 103.2

39 60.97 70.93 116.3

28 48.6 21.4 44.0

64.

Table - B 6


Calculation Using Lognormal

Theory, of m. a Statistic to

Estimate the Mean u and

V2 a Statistic to Estimate Su

Series - 2 Data

Respirable Dust

In (mg/M3 x 100)

Calculation of m

Notation

u*

2Sue 7

2T- i Su

N

<|/(i Su)

m •

TT 2(eU) •(* Su )

m •

m

Value

4.19274

0.93006

66.023'

0.46503

155

1.585

104.646

104.6mg/M3x100

1.05 ,mg/M3

Calculation of V 2

Notation

If2

Su

2u*

z~e U

N

<t>n(Su )2V

2V

V

Value

4.19274

0.93006

8.38548

4359.0

155

3.699

3.699 x4359.0

16123.94

126.98mg/M3x100

1.27.mg/M^

Class Interval

0.000 - 0.250

0.250 - 0.500

0.500 - 0.750

0.750 - 1.000

1.000 - 1.250

1.250 - 1.500

1.500 - 1.750

1.750 - 2.000

2.000 - 2.250

2.250 - 2.500

2.500 - 2.750

2.750 - 3.000

3.000 - 3.250

3.250 - 3.500

3.500 - 3.750

3.750 - 4.000

4.000 - 4.250

4.250 - 4.500

4.500 - 4.750

4.750 - 5.000

5.000 - 5.250

5.250 - 5.500

5.500 - 5.750

5.750 - 6.000

6.000 - 6.250

6.250 - 6.500

6.500 - 6.750

6.750 - 7.000

65.

Table - B 7


Series - 2 Data


In (mq/M3 x 100)

0

0

0

0

0

0

2

2

0

1

2

6

5

19

18

16

16

158

9

11

12

6

1

4

0

11

ef - 7 5 T ~

-13

-12

-11

-10

- 9

- 8

- 7- 6

- 5

- 4

- 3

- 2

- 1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

fd fd

98

72

0

16

18

24

5

18.

64

144

240

200

324

539

768

486

100

484

0

169196

efd

efd - 3965

- 3.375 0.250

66.

Series - 2 Data

N - ef - 155

efd *ITefd2

Ufd)N

X -

> 507 - 3.2709677T5T

- 3965 * 25.580645

2» 10.699229

3-375 i - 0

efd (i) - 3.270968 x 0.250~JT - 0.8177*2

* 1 n -

(a1)2

9

i

11

a *a »

a

a

X + efd r

3.375 + 0.8177*24.19274

2 2- efd - (efd)

IT "IT• 25.58065 - 10.69923- 14.88142• 3.857644• a x f

• 3.857644 x 0.250- 0.9644

• 4.19274 ,

0.250

or. - 0.9644 ,l n In (mg/M-'xiOO)

66.20 , a • 2.62 ,^ mg/MJx100

Figure - B 3

Gravimetric Dust Sampling - Series 2 Data

Resplrable Dust Concentrations

mq/H3 x 100

30

5"cu3

20

10

1 I 1

•. 19271*In

a - 0.9644 -ln In (mg/M*x100)

Ant I log

)T - 66.2 mg/M3x100

a - 2.62 mg/H3x100

0*000 0.500 1.000 " 1/500 2.000 2.500 3.000In(mg/M3x 100)

3.500 4.000 4.500 5.000 5.500 6.000

Class Interval

mq/M3xl00

j

\

j

I1

0 - 5

5-10

10 - 15

15 - 20

20-25

25 - 30

30 - 35

35 - 40

40 - 45

45 - 50

50 - 55

55 - 60

60 - 65

65 - 70

70 - 7575 - 80

80 - 85

85 - 90

90 - 95

95 - 100

100 - 105

105 - 110

110 - 115

115 - 120

120 - 125

125 - 130

130 - 135

135 " 1A0140 - 145

145 - 150

150 - 155

68.

Table - B 8


Series 2 Data


mg/H3 x TOO

h0

42

77813

14

6

94

58

444

70

50

3

1

0

1

2

1

2

1

0

1

2

d

-7-6-5-4

-3-2

-1

0

1

2

34

56

78

9

10

11

12

1314

1516

1718

1920

21

22

23

fd

0

-24

-10

-28

-21

-16

-13

1 -112 I

6

18

12

20

40

24

28

32£3

0

550

39140

16

3̂18

38

20

0

22

46

JS!

0

144

50

112

6332

13

0

6

363680

200

144

196256

5670

605

3

507

196

0

256

578324722

400

0

4841058

J%

_2.921.46

5.11

5.11

5.849.49

10.22

. 4.38

6.57

2.92

3-6-55.842.92

2.92

2.92

5.11

0

3.650

2.19

0.730

0.73

1.46

0.73

1.46

0.73

0

0.73

1.46

Class Interval

155 - 160

160 - 165

165 - 170

170 - 175

175 - 180

180 - 185

185 - 190

190 - 195

195 - 200

200 - 205

ef

2

2

2

1

0

1

0

1

2

1

69.

Series 2 Data

d

24

2526

27

282930

31

32

33efd

fd

48

50

52

27

0

290

31

64

- * •

- 112

fd

1152

1250

1352

729

0

841

0

961

2048

1089

Jl1.46

1.46

1.46

0.73

0

0.730

0.73

1.46

0.73100.28

efd - 767 efd - 7 S W

Outlying Observations Greater than 205 mg/fr x 100

211, 226, 226, 234, 242, 253, 277, 278, 280, 284,

301, 328, 328, 410.3, 435, 736.3, 791.5, 1050.9.

N • ef - 137

efdN

efd'N

m

I

(efd)2

N

x*.

efdN

X -

>

m

(a1)

a 1

a

X -

767 - 5.59850T37

16487 - 120.34306TST' 31.343202

• 37.5 t - 5.

(i) - 27.9925

X

37

652

1 3

i

i

a

a

a

a

65.

+ efd ( i )N

.5 + 27.9925

.49252 2

• efd - (efd)T" "TT

« 120.3431 - 31.3432

• 88.9999

• 9.4339

* a x i

• 9.4339 x 5

• 47.169

.49 mg/M3 x 100

70.

Series - 2 Data

a - 47.17 mg/M3 x 100


CV • 47.17 x ICO - 72.OX

Figure - b kGravimetric Dust Sampling

Respirable Dust ConcentrationsSeries - 2 Data

mn/MJy inn

15

10

Iz

hrinhr

65.5 ,mg/M3x100

47.2 ,3

tm0 100 -t 150

mg/M x 100200

72.

Table - B 9Gravimetric Dust Sampling

Calculation Using LognorroalTheory, of m. a Statistic %oEstimate the Mean u and V ~a Statistic to Estimate Su

Series - 3 DataRespirable DustTn" (mg/Mi x 100)

Calculation m

Notation

U

Su

eu

2T« i Su

*(i s2 )

m »— 2

m »

Vatue

3.80068

0.593*0

44.701

0.2967

1.348

60.2569

60.2569

60.3

Calculation of V2

Notation

u"2

Su

2u"

e*"

N

*n (Su )2

V2V

V

Value

3.80068

0.593*0

7.60136

1998.2

259

1.469

1998.2 x 1.469

2936.356

54.1789

54.2mg/M3xI00

731

Table - B 10

Class Interval

mg/M3x100

0.000 - 0.250

0.250 - 0.500

0.500 - 0.750

0.750 - 1.000

1.000 - 1.250

1.250 - 1.500

1.500 - 1.750

1.750 - 2.000

2.000 - 2.250

2.250 - 2.500

2.500 - 2.750

2.750 - 3-000

3.000 - 3.250

3.250 - 3.500

3-500 - 3-750

3.750 - A.000

4.000 - 4.250

4.250 - 4.500

4.500 - 4.750

4.750 - 5.000

5.000 - 5.250

5.250 - 5.500

5.500 - 5-750

5.750 - 6.000

6.000-6.250

Gravimetric Oust

Series - 3

Respirable

In (mq/M3 x

SamD1ina

Data

Dust

100)

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

2

1

2

12

18

24

31

26

45

33

15

22

10

5

6

2

2

1

ef - 255"

-8

-7

-6

-5-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

34

56

7

3

9

10

11

fd

-8

-7

-12

-5

-8

-36

-36

-24

I -'36 I

26

90

99

60

110

60

35

48

^8

20

11

fd

efd - 4TT

64

49

72

25

32

108

72

24

26

180

297

240

550

360

245

384

162

200

121

efd - 32TO"

"In 3.375 i - 0.250

74.

Series - 3 Data

N - ef - 259

efd - 441 - 1.7027027~N~ 2BT

2efd

(efd)N

12.393822

2.8991965

XI - 3.375

efd (5) - 1.702703 x 0.250

- 0.425676

**1n + f O

• 3-375 + 0.4256763.80068

- efd2 - (efd)2

ir ~ir- 12,393822 - 2.8991965

- 9.4946259

- 3.0813350

- olx i- 0.770333

3.80068Ln (mg/M^xlOO)

44.73 ,mg/M^xlOO

- 0.250

ff,n - 0.77033

a - 2.16 ,mg/MJx100

Figure - B 5

Gravimetric Dust Sampling - Series 3 DataRespirable Dust Concentration

In (mg/Hi x 100)

30-

20-

10

J~4 n-n

J. - 3.80068 ,In (mg/MIn (mg/M\i00)

o. - 0.77033In (

Ant I log

mg/M3x100

o - 2.16mg/M3x100

0.500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2 500 3.000 , 3-500In (mg/M3 x 100)

4.000 •t.500 5.000 5.500 6.000

76.

Table - B 11Gravimetric Dust Sampling

Class Interval

mg/H3 x 100

0 - 5

5 - 1 0

10 - 15

15 - 20

20 - 2525 - 3030 - 3535 - 4040 - 4545 - 505 0 - 5 555 - 6060 - 6565 - 70

70 - 75

75 - 80

80 - 85

85 - 90

9 0 - 9 595 - 1Q0

100 - 105

105 - HO

110 - 115

115 - 120

120 - 125

125 - 130

Series - 3

Respirable

mo/M3 x

Data

Dust

100

fd fd f%

2

4918

241721

171124161414662

1

43

71

2

1

1

2

-4-3-2

-1

01

2

34

56

78

910

M12

1314

1516

171819

20

21

-8-12-18-18

1 -56 I1742

5144120

9698112

546022

12

5242

135112

173619

20

42

32363618

-

1784

153176600

576686896486600242144676

5882025

1792

289648361400882

0.80

1.61

3.61

7.23

9.646.838.43

6.83

4.42

9.64

6.43

5.62

5.62

2.41

2.41

0.80

0.40

1.61

1.20

3.61

2.81

0.40

0.80

0.40

0.40

0.80

22.5 i - 5.0

77.

Series - 3 Data

130 - 135

135 - 1^0

140 - 145

145 - 150

150 - 155

155 - 160

160 - 165

165 - 170

170 - 175

175 - 180

180 - 185

185 - 190

190 - 195

195 - 200ef -

f

2

0

2

1

0

31

1

0

0

0

0

1

2

555"

d

22

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

333435

fd

4404825

0

8128290

0

0

0

34

7152

2fd

968-

1152

6250

2187784841

0

0

0

0

1156

2450

f%

0.80

-

0.80

0.40-

1.20

0.40

0.40

-

-

-

-

0.40

0.8099.96

Outlying Observations:

202, 204, 212, 248, 272, 292, 364, 424.

efd - 1506

efd - 22606

78.

Series - 3 Data

N - ef - 249

efd « 1506 - 6.06481

efd - 22606 - 90.787148N "255"

(efd)2 - 36.58064

T - 22.5 ! - 5.0

(efd) i * 6.06481 x 5"FT

- 30.32405

7 - X4 + (efd)(efd)IT

- 22.5 + 30.32405- 52.82

(a1) - efd - (efd)IT IT90.78715 - 36.58064

54.20651

a1 - 7-3625

<j . a'x i

- 36.81

X" » 52.8 a * 36.8mg/M^xlOO mg/MJxl00

Coefficient of Variation -

CV - 36.8 x 100 - 69.72

Figure - B 6Gravimetric Dust Sampling

Resptrable DustSeries - 3 Data

tno/M3 x 100

30-

uc

I20-

I f - 52.8 mg/M3 x 100

o - 36.8 mg/M3 x 100

10-

50 1 0 0 (mg/M3 x 100) 150

q200

80.

Table - 8 12

Gravimetric Dust SamplingCalculation, Using LognormalTheory, of m, a Statistic~to"

2Estimate the Mean u andV , a Statistic to Estimate

Su. Series - 4 Data

Respirable Dust, In (tng/M3 x IQQ)

Calculation of m

Notation

u"

2Su

eu

N2

T - i Su2

<f»(i S u )

m •

(e") *n(i Su)

m •

Value

3-76089

0.572544

42.948

333

0.286275

1.335

57.336

57.3mg/M3x100

0.057 ,mg/M-*

2Calculation of V

Notation

u*

Su

2u"

2

2V2

V

V

Value

0.75667

0.5725495

1.51334

4.5267

1.3361

4.5267x1.3361

6.048124

2.459mg/M3x100

0.025

81'.

Table - B J3


Series - 4 Data

1980

Respirable Dust

?n (mg/M3 x 100)

Class Interval f d _fd_ fd

0.000 - 0.250 0 -15 0 0

0.250 - 0.500 0 -14 0 0

0.500 - 0.750 : 1 -13 -13 169

0.750 - 1.000 0 -12 0 0

1.000 - 1.250 0 -11 0 0

1.250 - 1.500 2 -10 -20 200

1.500 - 1.750 1 -9 -9 81

1.750 - 2.000 3 -8 -24 192

2.000 - 2.250 5 -7 -35 245

2.250 - 2.500 4 -6 -24 144

2.500 - 2.750 4 -5 -20 100

2.750 - 3-000 16 -4 -64 256

3.000 - 3.250 27 -3 -81 243

3.250 - 3.500 48 -2 -96 192

3.500 - 3.750 57 -1 -57 57

3.750 - 4.000 60 0 | -443 |

4.000 - 4.250 38 1 38 38

4.250 - 4.500 19 2 38 76

4.500 - 4.750 20 3 60 180

4.750 - 5.000 14 4 56 224

5.000 - 5-250 2 5 10 50

5.250 - 5.500 3 6 18 108

5.500 - 5.750 3 7 21 147

5.750 - 6.000 4 8 32 256

6.000 - 6.250 2 9 18 162

6.250 - 6.500 0 10 0 0ef-~33l T51

82.

Series - 4 Data

N « ef « 333

efdN

2efdIT

- - 152 - -0.45645645633T

- 3120 - 0.369369369~3l3

(efd) - 0.2083525

efdN

*ln

<*ln

1a1noln

In

X -

m

- 4.125

(i) - -0.4564565 (0.250)- -0.114114114

- X + efd (i)TT

- 3.875 - 0.11411- 3.760892 2 2) - efd - (efd)

- 9.369369 - 0.208353

=» 9.161016

- 3.0267170• a x i

- 3.02 717 x 0.250« 0. 7567925

- 3.76089 a'n

In (mg/M3x100)Antilogarithms

42.98 , a -mg/MJx100

0.043 mg/M3

0. 7568In (mg/MJx100

2. 131428mg/MJx100

0.021 mg/M3

0.000

Figure - B 7

Gravimetric Dust Sampling Series - k Data - 1980Respirable DustIn (mq/MJ x IQOT

1.000 2.000 3.000In (mg/M3 x 100)

If. 000 5.000 6.000

Class Interval

mq/M3 x 100

0 - 5

5 - 10

10 - 15

15 - 20

20 - 25

25 - 30

30 - 35

35 - ^0

40 - 45

45 - 50

50 - 55

55 - 60

60 - 65

65 - 70

70 - 75

75 - 80

80 - 85

85 - 90

90 - 95

95 - 100

100 - 105

105 - 110

110 - 115

115 - 120

120 - 125

84.

Table B 14


Series - 4 Data 1980

Respirabie Dust

Underground Gravimetric Dust

f

3

9

58

2324

33

2524

24

31

19

810

4

10

52

4

4

530

6

1

Sampling

mg/M^ x 100

d

-7-6

-5-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

34

56

78

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

fd

-21

-54

-25

-32

-69

-48

-331 -282 |

24

48

93

76

40

60

28

80

4520

44

48

65

42

0

96

17

2fd

147234

125

128

207

96

33

24

96

279304

200

360

196

640

405

200

484

576845588

0

1536

289

85.

f d fd fd

125 - 130 2 18 36 648

130 - 135 3 19 57 1083

135 - 1*0 1 20 20 200

1*0 - 1*5 1 21 21 441

145 - 150 1 22 22 484

150 - 155 1 23 23 529

155 - 160 0 24 0 0

160 - 165 0 25 0 0

165 - 170 0 26 0 0

170 - 175 1 27 27 729

175 - 180 0 28 0 0

180 - 185 0 29 0 0

185 - 190 0 30 0 0

190 - 195 0 31 0 0

195 - 200 1 32 32 1024

I 1064 1ef - 301

efd - 13420

i - 5.0

86.Series - 4 Data

N - ef - 301

efd_» 7§2_- 2.59801N 301

(efd)2 - 6.74964

efd - 13420 - 44.58472~n~ "3&T~

Xi - 3 7 . 5 efd ( i ) - 12.99005

X - XI + efd ( i )"FT

- 37.5 + 12.99005

- 50.49005

(ff1) • efd - (efd)H H

- 44.58472 - 6.74964

- 37.83508

a1 - 6.15102

ff - ffXx i -- 6.1502 x 5 - 30.75511

X" - 50.5 , <x - 30.8

)T » 0.51 mg/M3 a - 0 .31 mg/M3

Figure - 8 8

Gravimetric Dust Sampling Series - k Data - 1980Respirable Dustmg/H3 x 100

30.

cI)3

20

10.

X = 50.5 mg/M3 x 100

a - 30.8 mg/M3 x 100

CD

15 20 25 0 35 kb k5 50 55 60 65 70mg/M3 x 100

75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125

Class Intervalmg/M3 x 100

0 -

5 -

10 -

15 -

20 -

25 -

30 -

35 -

40 -

45 -50 -

55 -

60 -

65 -70 -

75 -

80 -

85 -

90 -

95 -100 -

105 -

110 -

115 -

120 -

125 -

130 -

135 -

140 -

5

10

1520

25

30

3540

45505560

6570

7580

8590

95100

105110

115

120

125

130

135140

145

88.

Table - B 15


Series - 4 Oata

1980

Respfrabte Oust

Surface Gravimetric Dust Sampling

mg/M3 x 100

"ef

_f__

2

6

10

1512

951

1

0

0

1

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

1

0

Q

0

0

0

1

68

d

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

34

56

78

910

11

12

1314

15

16

1718

19

20

23

22

2324

25

fd

-6

-12

-10

1 -28 |12

18

154

50

0

8

0

10

11

0

0

0

0

16

170

19

0

0

0

0

0

25

1 160 I

cfd m 1322

2fd

18

24

10

12

3630

16

25

0

0

640

100

121

0

0

0

0

256

2890

361

0

0

0

0

0

625

1987

89.

Series - 4 Data

N - ef - 61

efd2 - 132 - 1.941176~N~ ~SS

(efd)2 - 3.768164"FT

efd - 1987 - 29.22058

X1 - 17.5 efd (f) - 1.941176 x 5

X - X + efd (f)N

- 17.5 + 9.765875 - 27.205875i 2 2 2

(<r ) - efd -

* 29.22058 - 3.768164. 25.452416

a - 5.045038

a • i 1 x 5 • 5.045038 x 5

- 25.22519

7 - 27.21 , a - 25.23 mg/M3 x 100mg/MJ x 100

- 0.27 mg/M3 - 0.25 mg/M3

90.

Series - 4 Data

Omitting unusual occurrencesgreater than 0.5 mg/M3.

ef - 61

efd - 54efd - 171

efd - 5* - 0.88525

(efd)2 - 0.78367N

efd2 - 171 - 2.80328

X* - 17-5 efd_ (i) - 0.88525 x 5N - 4.42625

X - X1 + efd (i)~N~

- 17.5 + 4.42625

- 21.926252 5 7

(a1) - efd - (efd)

- 2.80328 -0.78367

- 2.01961

a1 - 1.42113

a -el x 5 - 7.10565

X"- 21.9 a - 7.11

Coefficient of Variation - CV - 7.H x 100

• 0.32S , .,Note: Not included 10.97 mg/M^ and 4.52 mg/M1'

Lime bin, very dusty areas.

Figure - B 9Gravimetric Dust Sampling - Series - h Data - I960

Respirable DustSurface Samples

3 x too~~

15-

»

n15 20 25 30 35 kO 50 55 60 65

mg/M3 x 10070 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125

(1)

(2)

(3)

92.

Table - B 16


Series - 4 Data

1980

RespirabVe Dust

mg/M3

(1)

Observation

1.04

1.07

1.09

1.11

1.15

1.16

1.17

1.17

1.22

1.25

1.38

1.39

1.41

1.42

1.44

1.77

1.90

2.19

2.23

2.88

3.18

3.75

3-92

3.97

4.10

5.11

10.97

Observations greater than 1.00 mg/M

Respirable Quartz 0.66 mg/M3

Respirable Quartz 0.32 mg/M*

Location - Occupation

Drilling

Scoop tram Operator

Rockbolting

Fresh air vent plugged

Diamond Dri1ler

Cleaning Faces, Scooptran Operator

Mucking

Jumbo Operator

Cleaning Faces, Scooptran Operator

Dri11 ing

Spraying Shotcrete

Rockbblting

Bolting

Jumbo Operator DrillingManditory respirator work station

Rockbolting

Dri1 ling

Stope Instructor

Miner School Stope

Dri11 ing

Rockbolting

Loading Shotcrete

Welder

Jackleg dri11 ing

Rockbo it ing

Pipefitting

Limebin

(3)

(2)

9'3.

Appendix - C


of


9';.

Table - C 1

Dust Sampling - 1977

KONIMETER

Particles per Cubic Centimeter

P.p.c.c.

Series - 1 Data

Class Interval

0 - 100

100 - 200

200 - 300

300 - 400

400 - 500

500 - 600

600 - 700

700 - 800

800 - 900

900 - 1000

1000 - 1100

f

202

9351

3529984

32

2

cf - 438

d

0

1

2

34

56

78

910

fd

-

93102

105116

45482824

18

20

2fd

-

93204

315464

225288

196192]62

200

efd -T5T 2 ___efd - 2339

i - 100

X - 50 p.p.c.c.

95.

N - ef -

T "SI(efdf - 1.N

efd2 - 233S

X1 - 50.0

efd (i) «N

438

- 1.3675799

8702748

I - 5.3401826

136.75799

X - 3T1 + efd (?) - 50 + 136.7579S"TT - 186.75799

(a 1 ) 2 - efd2 - (efd)2

N H

- 5.34018 - 1.87027

- 3.46991

a1 - 1.862767

a » a x i i » 100

* 186.2726

7 - 186.76 a - 186.27p.p.c.c. p.p.c.c.

Coefficient of Variation (V)

V - -2-x 1007

- 186.27 x 100 - 99.74%186,?6

Figure - C 1Dust Sampling - 1977

KONIMETER

Series - 1 Data

Ieu.

250

200

150

100.

X" - 186.76 p.p.c.c.

o « 186.27 p.p.c.c.

50.

to 700" 900 1000 IK100 200 300 40*0 5&0 660

Particles Per Cubic Centimeter

800 1100

97.

Table - C 2

Dust Sampling

KONIMETER


(p.p.c.c.)

Series - 1 Data

Class interval

0 - 2 5

25 - 50

50 - 75

75 - 100

100 - 125

125 - 150

150 - 175

175 - 200

200 - 225

225 - 253

250 - 275

275 - 300

300 - 325

325 - 350

350 - 375

375 - 400

400 - 425

425 • 450

450 - 475475 - 500

500 - 525

525 - 550

550 - 575

575 - 600

600 - 625

625 - 650

650 - 675

675 - 700

f

.0

0

149

53

332415

21

17

14

12

811

5

910

10

9

732

2

2

31

430

d

-2

-1

0

1

2

345678

910

11

12

1314

15

16

1718

19

20

21

22

2324

25

fd

0

0

0

5366

4860

105

102

98

96

72

110

55108

130

140

135

112

51

36

38

40

6322

92

72

0

fd

0

0

0

53

132

144

240

525

612

686

768

648

1100

605

1296

1690

1960

2025

1792

867

648

722

800

1323

484

2116

1728

0

f%

0

0

34.02

12.10

7.535.483.42

4.79

3.883.20

2.74

1.83

2.51

1.14

2.05

2.28

2.28

2.05

1.60

0.68

0.46

0.46

0.46

0.68

0.23

0.91

0.68

0

700 -

725 -

750 -

775 -800 -

825 -

850 -

875 -

900 -

925 -

950 -

975 -

1000 -

1025 -

1050 -

1075 -

725

750

775800

825

850

875900

925

950

9751000

1025

1050

1075

1100

30

0

1

2

1

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

2ef - 4lS

efd

98.

Series - 1

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

333*35363738

3940

41

- 2253

efd2

Data

78

0

0

2960

31

0

0

34

350

0

0

0

0

32

- 35337

i - 25

IT1 « 62.5

2028

0

0

841

1800

961

0

0

1156

1225

0

0

0

0

0

3362

0.68

0

0

0.23

0.46

0.23

0

0

0.23

0.23

0

0

0

0

0

0.46

99.99

99.

Series - 1 Data

N -

efd

"IT

ef

(efd)2

N

efd'

1TX* •

efd

~r

*

*

• 62

(i)

x*

62.

191

- 438

•253 - 5.14384

- 26.459067

34337 - 78.39498438

i.5 i - 2

- 128.596

+ efd (i)

5 + 128.596

.096

(a1)2 - efd2 - (efd)T" ~N~

- 78.39498

- 51.9359

a1 - 7.2066

a •o1x i

- 7.2066 x

.180.17

x" - 191.1p.p.c.

- 26.459067

25

X.

Coefficient of Variation

V - - 2 — x 100 •

x"> 180.219TT

Cv)x 100

a - 180.2p.p.c.c

- 94.1%

Figure - C 2

Konimeter Dust Sampling Distribution

Series - 1 Data

150

140.

130

12a

110

too

90

80

70

60

50

40

30.

20.

10.

0

•

if - 191.1 p.p.c.c.

a - 180.2 p.p.c.c.

100

—

2(

•"I

h-LJ-T-TIitTfTl

)0 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100P.p.c.c

101.

Table - C 3

Dust Sampling Konimeter


p.p.c.c.

Series - 3 Data

Class

0 -

50 -

100 -

150 -

200 -

250 -

300 -

350 -

400 -

450 -

500 -

550 -

600 -

650 -

700 -

750 -

800 -

850 -

900 -

Interval

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450500

550

600

650700

750

800

850

900

950ef -

f

1

4727

29

16

20

20

24

11

910

13

550

30

0

2252—

efd -

-Ix - :

d

-1

0

1

2

34

56

78910

11

12

1314

1516

17

"ioTF

?5

fd

-1

0

27584880

100

144

7772

90

130

5560

0

42

0

0

3*

efd «

i

fd2

1

-

27

116

144

320

500

864

539576810

1300

605

720

0

5880

0

578

• 7587

- 50

f%

0.41

19.42

11.16

11.98

6.61

8.26

8.26

9.92

4.54

3.72

4.13

5.37

2.07

2.07

0

1.23

0

0

0.82

99.97

102.

Series - 3 Data

N - ef • 242

efd • 1016 - 4.19835

1 - 17.62613

efd2 - 7687 - 31.76446~W "15T

X1 - 75 i - 50

efd(t) - 209.9175N

7 « X1 + efd. (i)N

- 75 + 209.9175

- 284.9175

(a 1 ) 2 » efd2 - (efd)'

31.76446 - 17.62613

14.13833

a1 - 3.7600

a » a x !

* 188.00

3f • 284.9. p.p.c.c. or • 188.0 p.p.c.c.


V - — x 100 - 188 x 100 - 66.2%7

Figure - C 3

Konlmeter Oust Sampling DistributionSeries - 3 Data

p.p.c.c.

§ 50

30.

20-

10-

J - 284.9p.p.c.c.

o - 188.0p.p.c.c.

100 200 300 400 500 600p.p.c.c.

700 800 900 1000

104.

Table - C 4

Dust Sampling Konimeter


P.p-c.c.

Series - 3 Data

Class Interval

0 - 2 5

25 - 50

50 - 75

75 - 100

100 - 125

125 - 150

150 - 175

175 - 200

200 - 225

225 - 250

250 - 275

275 - 300

300 - 325

325 - 350

350 - 375

375 - 400

400 - 425

425 - 450

450 - 475

475 - 500

500 - 525

525 - 550

550 - 575

575 - 600

600 - 625

625 - 650

650 - 675

675 - 700

700 - 725

725 " 750

750 - 775

775 - 800

f

1

0

31

16

1314

13

16

9

711

9911

16

8

10

1

4

546

8

52

3

2•3

0

0

1

2

d

-2

-1

0

1

2

3k

56

78

910

11

12

13

14

1516

17

18

1920

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

fd

-2

0

0

16

26

42

52

80

54

4988

81

90

121

192

104

140

15

64

85

72114

160

10544

6948

750

0

28

58

fd2

40

0

16

52

126

208

400

324

343

704

729900

13312304

1352

I960

2251024

1445

1296

2166

3200

2205

968

1587

1152

18750

0

7841682

f%

0.41

0

12.81

6.61

5.37

5.79

5-376.61

3.72

2.89

4.553.72

3.72

4.556.61

3.31

4.13

0.4i

1.65

2.07

1.65

2.48

3.31

2.07

0.83

1.23

0.83

1.23

0

0

0.41

0.83

105.

Series - 3 Data

300 - 825

825 - 850

850 - 875

875 - 900

900 - 925

925 - 950

ef

0

0

0

0

0

2

""555

30

31

32

33

lh

35

efd - 2U0

0

0

0

0

0

70

0

0

0

0

0

2450

0

0

0

0

0

.0.83100.00

X1 - 62.!

efd - 32812

i - 25.0

106.

Series - 3 Data

- ef - 242

efd -TT

(efd)2

N

2efd -"IT

2140"747

- 78.

32812142

- 8.842975

19821

- 135.58677

X"1- 62.5 f - 25.0

sfd ( i ) - 221.0743

X" - X x+ sfd ( i )N

- 62.5 + 221.07*3- 283.574

1 2 2 2(a ) - efd - (efd)

IT TT

- 135.58677-78.19821

- 57.388561

a - 7.57552

a - a x i

- 7.57552 x 25.0

» 189.388

X" - 283. 6 a - 189.4

p.p.c.c. p.p.c.c.


V - —-2- x 100 - 189.4 x 100 - 66.8*T

ko

30

20

10

Figure - C U

KonImeter Dust Sampling Distribution

Series - 3 Data

*

.3

—

X = 283.6p.p.c.c.

c = 189.4p.p.c.c.

Iftfl rfi .n .100 200 300 <l00 500 600

p.p.c.c.700 800 900 1000

108.

Appendix - 0


Respirable Quartz and Dust

Observations Using small Number

Statistical Methods to Calculate

the Confidence Limits for the

Mean at the 95% Probability

Level

Occupations

31 -

38 -

39 -

40 -

42 -

43 -

47 -

59 -

80 -

Data 1dentifTeat ion

109.

Occupat i on Data

JDT Operator

Scooptram Operator

AH/FO Loader Operator

Mobile Rockbolt Operator

Jumbo Drill Operator

Longhole Dri1ler

Conveyor Belt Operator

Rock Breaker Operator Grizzly

Mine Shift Boss.

A - Total respirable Dust MG/M3 x 100

B - Respirable Combustible Dust MG/M3 x 100

C - Respirable Quartz DustJ*G/M3

Location

ex2

110.

~ Table - D 1


JDT Operator

Job No. 31

102 29 - 21

102 38 - 20

102 54 38 31

102 53 46 41

102 28 - 20

104 16 - 10

104 63 52 40

104 51 - 51

104 58 45 35

101 64 24 30

101 41 - 21

102 33 - 20

101 52 39 31

102 49 47 22

M 14

62930955

44.5

14.985

7291

12595

44.928

14.398

14

39312595

28.071

10.965

4.005 5.441 2.931

to. 975ts-

X - t S~

x + t 4

2.16

8.65

35.85

53-15Mg/M3x100

2.447

13.31

31.62

58.24

Mg/M3x100

Locat i on

102

102

102

102

102

103

103

103

103104

104

104

104

101

101

101

101

101

105

105

105

105

105

115

111.

Table - D 2

Job No. 38

Scooptram Operator ST-R

A

6354101

110

3797957512858130548984

8781

56

73725664433268

B

43377882

-

75866010646114446867

6762

3550

49-

15

-

-

53

51

50

122

113

21

150

81

80

103

30

62

10

67

64

81

101

70

82

41

75

22

12

11

32

N

ex2

exX"

S

«« = »

'0.975

A

24

1807

151663

75.292

26.0525

5.3179

2.068

10.998

112.

Job No. 38

B

20

1237

87537

61.85

24.0925

5.3872

2.093

11.27551

64.294

86.29

Mg/M3x100

73.13Mg/M3x100

C

24

1531

13015963.79166

37.5869

7,6724!

2.068

15.8665

47.93

79.66

Location

103-

Table - 0 3

Job No. 39

AN/FO Loader Operator

102 18 • - 20

102 40 16 30

102 45 35 21

102 66 - 24

102 41 29 21

103 88 84 49

103 81 77 40

103 64 56 20

101 37 32 21

104 59 51 20

104 57 *9t 30

104 48 - 21

104 45 38 20

105 23 " '0

105 56 49 30

105 62 51 20

105 32

105 78 69 23

N

ex2

ex

X

S

Lo.975

t S7

X - t S x

A

18

940

55432

52.222

19.3164

4.55291

2.110

9.60664

42.62

114.

Job. No. 39

8

13

636

35676

48.9320

19.49556

5.40709

2.179

11.782047

37.14

61.83

Mg/M3x100

60.71

Mg/M3x100

C

17

420

11670

24.70588

8.991417

2.1S0742

2.120

4.75563

19.95

29.46

115.

Location

102 67 *7 20

102 65 44 50

102

102 w 46 20

103103 87 7«» 60

103 So 61 41

A

67654759588780

63105

394730

38

8581

58

31

2536

Table - 0 4

Job No. 40

Mobile Rockbolt Operator

B

4744-46

537461

4979----42

5941

-

-

-

30

103 63 *»» 3°

103 105 79 SO

104 39 " t0

104 47 - 2 0

104 30 - *'

104 38 - 50

101 85 42 50

101

101 58 41 40

101 31 " 10

107 « • n

107

107 30 " n

107 30 - 21

107 28 - '2

116:

Job No. 40

N

ex2

ex

7

s— s

*o. 975

t Sx"

7 - t sx

7 + t Sx"

21

1189

75421

54.045

23.054

4.915

2.080

10.223

43.82

64.27

Mg/M3x100

11

595

33835

54.090

12.848

3.874

2.228

8.631

45.46

62.72

Mg/M3x100

22

733

33689

33.318

21.007

4.478

2.080

9.316

24.00

42.63jjg/M3

117.

Table - 0 5

Job No. 42

Locat ion

102

102

102

102

102

103

103

103103103

104

104

104

104

101

101 .

101

101

101

107

107

Jumbo Drill

A

53275246

5990

74

7580112

74498851

48

583728

40

65

30

Operator

B

-

-

-

-

-

86

79607098

63396836

37----

51-

41

54

21

21

72

59

20

3720

41

20

40

80

41

31

20

31

22

22

23

12

N

exz

ex

X

S—i S

*o. 975

t Sx"

3T-t Sx

7 + t Sx"

A

21

1236

82752

58.857

22.366

4.881

2.086

10.181

48.68

69.04

Mg/M3 x 100

118.

Job No. 42

B

11

687

47121

62.455

20.530

6.189

2.228

13.791

48.66

76^25

Mg/M3 x 100

_C

21

728

32038

34.667

18.440

4.024

2.086

8.394

26.27

43.06

ug/M3

1.

Table - 0 6

Job No. 43

Longhole Drfiler

Location

107107107

112

112

112

112

112

112

112

N

exz

ex

7

S

S x " - ^

'o. 975

t Sx

J- t S^

X + t Sx"

89701371716

2922

3622

33

10

471

36329

47.100

39.644

12.537

2.262

28.358

18.74

75.46

Mg/M3x100

565075-------

3

181

11261

60.333

13-051

7.535

4.303

32.423

27.91

92.76

Mg/M3x100

1022

4810

10

10

10

10

11

9

141

3509

15.

12.

4.

2.

9.

5

25

667

748

250

306

799

Jl.47

120.

Location

117

117

117

117

117

117

117

117117117

117

117117 *

117 *

H

sx2

ex

7

s

*«. 975t Sx

7 - t Sx

x" + t Sx"

A

50

214

218

80

178254

493338

936911764224

224

14

2616

687260

186.857

123.551

33.020

2.16

71.324

115.53

258.18

Mg/M3x100

Table - 0 7

Job Number 47

Conveyor Belt Operator

B

-

46685692

197101

4351456046104

104

13

1013

101173

77.923

43.047

11.939

2.179

26.016

51.91

103.94

Mg/M3x100

C

239386605914272

1686

1590

80102

107

8324924914

6040

6874642

431.43

573.04

153.15

2.16

330.804

100.62

762.23

>«g/M3

* These are two (2) different observations.

Location

103

103103

103

103101

101

101

101

101

105105105105

N

ex2

ex

xS

to. 975

t Sx"

> T - t Sx"

X + t Sx"

121.

Table - D 8

Job Number 59

Rock Breaker Operator (Grizzly)

A

46

7164

53478712P

4975896792

8361

14

1004

77750

71.71*

21.029

5.620

2.16

12.140

59.57

83.85Mg/M3x10C

B

48

634446-

656520

5*61

438365-

12

657

38775

5*. 75

15.967

4.609

2.201

10.145

44.61

64.89

1 Mg/M3x100

10

20

30

30

58

52

145

50

52

71

82

43

51

14

14

708

51008

50.571

34.198

9.140

2.16

30.83

70.31jjg/M3

122.

Location

102

102

102

102

102

103

103

103

103

103104

104

104

104

101 •

101

101

101

101

105

107

107

107

107

A

14

20

351514

3234

394572

2521

21

2544242724

2717273428

33

-Table - 0 9Job Number 80

Mine Stifft Boss-

B

-

-

-

-

-

28

-

-

-

66

-

-

-

16

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

20

20

10

10

20

30

15

30

36

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

21

31

10

21

11

21

12

123.

Job Number 80

112

112

112

112

112

117

N

ex

2ex

if

s

'0.975

t Sx

J- t s7

x" + t Sx"

2325

56

3134

132

30

998

47708

33.267

22.367

4.084

2.045

8.351

24.92

41.62

60

5

215

11021

43.0

21.071

9.423

2.776

26.159

16.84

69.16

Mg/M3x100

c20

13

10

10

279

28

790

88708

28.214

49.625

9.378

2.052

19.244

8.97

47.46

124.

Figure D-1

Personal- Dust Sampling Observations in Uranium Mines

(Respirable QuartzJlg/H?)

762

1

140 .

130 .

m 120 •

i$ 110 •1

le

Qu

art

z

o

o

2 80 ."5.a. 70 •

60 •

50 .

40 •

30 •

20 •

10 •

0

i I

m

m

I J* m

m

•

•m

f\ 3 8 3 5 AB V. 59 80

Occupation

125.

Figure D- 2

Personal Dust Sampling Observations in Uranium Mines

(Total RespiraSTe Dust mq/m$ x 100)

oo

1

ID

Q.

2.no

150.

140 •

130 .

120 .

110 -

100 .

90 -

80 -

70 -

60 •

50

40 -|

30

20 -i

10

0

258

31 38 39 40 42 43 47 59 80

Occupation

1'26.

Figure D - 3

Personal Dust Sampling Observations in Uramium Mines

CResptrable Combustible Dust - mg/tn3 x 100)

oo

t

in3O

4)

3

Si

m

a.

150 ,

140

130

120 .

110 .

100

90 -I

80

70

60

50

ko

30

20 .

10 .

0

31 38 39 40 kl A3 47 59 80

Occupation

127.

Appendix - E

Assessment of the Assumption

of Normality of

Individual Observations

of Respirable Quartz and

Respirable Dust Observations

128.

Appendix - E

Assessment of the Assumption

of Normality of Individual

Observations of tonimeter

Respirable Qfiartz and

Respirable Dust

Observations U)~^2^

One of the most frequent assumptions made when applying statisticaltechniques to the analysis of dust sampling data is that respirable dust,respirable quartz and konimeter observations were drawn from a populationwhich can be described by a normal or log-normal distribution.

(3) W (5)The Shapiro and Wilk U test for sample sizes N less than (6) or equal

to 50 and the D'Agostino O'Test for sample sizes greater than 50 have beenentered into a computer program developed at the Department of Energy Minesand Resources, Ottawa, Canada to analyse the data presented in this Appendix.

The results of these studies of fifteen mines locations and seventeenoccupations revealed these observations of respirable quartz data obtainedin an Ontario uramiurn mines to be log-normally distributed (Tables E-1 toE-8).

Konimeter observations obtained in the same mine were also found to belog-normal as shown in Figures E-2 and E-4 and in Tables E-10 and E-12.

129.

Table E-1

Summary of the results of normality/log normality tests of quartzdata of M.fne B. Data are classified by Areas and Jobs Numbers.

Classifcation No.

Area

•

Job

All Data

12

200400500600700800900100011005000620070008200

202204205210300302303304311313315316421501503505506

No. ofsamples

22201095637609511413263-3220242813

113736221414942233301815421062162147

873

Log-Normala-0.05

RAAAAARRAAAAAAA

AAAAAARRARAAAAAAA

R

a -0.01

AAAAAARRAAAAAAA

AAAAAARRAAAAAAAAA

R

Normala • 0.05 a - 0.01

RRRRRRRRRRRRARA

RRRRRARARRRARRRRR

R

RRRRRARRRRRAARA

RRRRRARARARARRRRR

R

A - Accepted

R - Rejected

130.

Tabte E-2CAMPEDS SAMPLING PROGRAM MINE - BQUARTZ DATA - LOG TRANSFORMATION

MEAN

VARIANCE

STANDARD DEVIATION

COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION

SKEWNESS FACTOR

KURTOSIS

NO OF SAMPLES

1.907856

.109315

.330629

17-329848

.062330

4.159360

873

MO. OF DATA POINTS 873

CALCULATED 0' STATISTIC 7131.17

PROBABILITY LEVEL .05

CRITICAL REGION - LOW 7221.58

- HIGH 7324.34

NORMALITY HYPOTHESIS IS REJECTED

131.

Table E-3CAMPEDS SAMPLING PROGRAM MINE - B

LOG OF QUARTZ DATA CUSS I Fl ED BY AREA NO. 1

MEAN

VARIANCE

STANDARD DEVIATION


SKEWNESS FACTOR

KURTOSIS

NO OF SAMPLES

1.908304

.385300

20.190692

1.425065

5.932506

22

NO. OF DATA POINTS 22

CALCULATED W-STATISTIC .8836


CRITICAL VALUE .9110


CALCULATED Z VALUEPROBABILITY OF Z LESS

THAN THIS

-2.2216

.131541E-O1

132.Table E-4

CAMPEDS SAMPLING PROGRAM MINE - B

LOG OF QUARTZ DATA CUSS I Fl ED BY AREA NO. 2

MEAN

VARIANCE

STANDARD DEVIATION


SKEWNESS FACTOR

KURTOSIS

NO OF SAMPLES

1.829059

•O565A5

.237791

13.000752

.655113

3.713205

20

NO. OF DATA POINTS

CALCUUTED W-STATISTIC

PROBABILITY LEVEL

CRITICAL VALUE

20

.9511

.05

.9050

NORMALITY HYPOTHESIS IS ACCEPTED

133.

Table E-5

CAMPEOS SAMPLING PROGRAM MINE-B

LOG OF QUARTZ DATA CLASSIFIED BY AREA NO. 200

MEAN

VARIANCE

STANDARD DEVIATION


SKEWNESS FACTOR

KURTOSIS

NO OF SAMPLES

1.964232

.065255

.255450

13.005096

.376533

3.21128O

109


CALCULATED D'-STATISTIC 318.73


CRITICAL REGION - LOW 313.73- HIGH 326.37


Table E-6

CAMPEDS SAMPLING PROGRAM MINE -B


MEAN

VARIANCE

STANDARD DEVIATION


SKEWNESS FACTOR

KURTOSIS

NO OF SAMPLES

1.945800

.072617

.269476

13.849099

.522255

3.657340

56

D'AGOSTINO D' TEST FOR NORMALITY

NO. OF DATA POINTS

CALCULATED D1-STATISTIC

PROBABILITY LEVEL

CRITICAL REGION -—

LOWHIGH

115

113120

56

.25

.05

.60

.00


135.

Table E-7

CAMPEDS SAMPLING PROGRAM MINE-B


MEAN

VARIANCE

STANDARD DEVIATION


SKEWNESS FACTOR

KURTOSIS

NO OF SAMPLES

1.897781

.111592

.33*053

17.602311

.094949

3.148930

37


CALCULATED W-STATISTIC .9902


CRITICAL VALUE .9360


136.

Table E-8

CAMPEDS SAMPLING PROGRAM MINE-B


MEAN

VARIANCE

STANDARD DEVIATION


SKEWNESS FACTOR

KURTOSIS

NO OF SAMPLES

1.894081

.080744

.284155

15.002292

-.021804

2.182585

60


CALCULATED D'-STATISTIC 133-07


CRITICAL REGION - LOW 126.30- HIGH 133.10


137.

£

8

I2

yyyyyyyyyyyyyy/.

5 * 0 0 * 0 SCO OCO SJTO 02-0 ST#O OrO SOO

og

I

Table E-9

SERIES - 1 KONIMETER DATA PPCCNORMAL

MEAN

VARIANCE

STANDARD DEVIATION


SKEWNESS FACTOR

KURTOSIS

NO OF SAMPLES

187.492027

32547.^28589

180.409059

96.222256

1.857579

6.611432

439

915iGOSTINO__D^_T|ST_FgR_NORMAUTY


CALCULATED D1-STATISTIC 2244.06


CRITICAL REGION - LOW 2565,30- HIGH 2616.20


139.

I

gPU

Q

Io

aro

CM

hco

-a

///7777Z7,

V77777,///////A

Y///////777/Y//////7,

iv/ZZZZZZZZ

V//////////////////////////77Y/////7,

02*0 STO OT'O CO'O

CO

s

Table E-10

SERIES - I KONIMETER DATA PPCC

LOG-NORMAL TEST

MEAN

VARIANCE

STANDARO DEVIATION


SKEWNESS FACTOR

KURTOSIS

NO OF SAMPLES

2.IIU92

.132137

.363507

17.218088

.491077

2.059192

439

O'AG0STiNg__D!_TEST_FOR_N0RMAL!TY

NO. OF DATA POINTS

CALCULATED D«-STATISTIC

PROBABILITY LEVEL

CRITICAL REGION - LOW

- HIGH

NORMALITY HYPOTHESIS IS

U

2598.

•

2565.2616.

ACCEPTED

39

38

05

3020

1 A 1 .

I

8CuOH

sOMCO

CO

^ ^ ^

9T0 HO ZT'O 0T0 90*0 900 WO 300

Table E-11

SERIES - 3 KONIMETER DATA PPCCNORMAL

MEAN

VARIANCE

STANDARD DEVIATION


SKEVNESS FACTOR

KURTOSIS

NO OF SAMPLES

281.793388

36544. 006927

191.16*I868

67.838663

.825004

3.229404

242

D'AGOSTINO D1 TEST FOR NORMALITY

NO. OF DATA POINTS

CALCULATED D'-STATISTIC

PROBABILITY LEVEL

242

1044.38

.05

1045.201073.50


CRITICAL REGION - LOW- HIGH

143.

iUJ

3

8OHP

3K

oCO

LXXXXXXXXXXX^<\XXXXXXXXXX

tro zro oro so-o 900 wo 200

MEAN

VARIANCE

STANDARD DEVIATION


SKEWNESS FACTOR

KURTOSIS

NO OF SAMPLES

Table E-12

SERIES - 3 KONIHETER DATA PPCC

LOG-NORMAL TEST

91AGOSTiNg__Di_TEST_FOR_NORMALiTV

242

1068.68

.05

10<t5.20

NO. OF DATA POINTS

CALCULATED D'-STATISTIC

PROBABILITY LEVEL

CRITICAL REGION - LOW- HIGH 1073-50


2.332145

.119049

.345034

14.70*718

-. 442779

2.305811

242

145.Table E-13

Dust Sampling tonimeter

Ln (Particles Per Cubic Centimeter)

In (p.p.c.c.)

Calculation Using lognorroal Theory,

of m, a Statistic to Estimate the

Mean u and V2 a Statistic to Estimate

Su Series 1 Data

Calculation of m

Notation

u"2Su

•7

N2

T « i Su

• (i Su)

m *

(eU) if* (i Su)

m »

Value

4.8611992

0.3042566

129.02

438

0.1521283

1.161

129.02x1.161

149.79p.p.c.c.

Calculation of V

Notation

u

2Su

2u"

e2u

N

+n (Su)2

V

- e U ( <j»n (Su)

V -

V

Value

4.8611992

0.3042566

9.623984

15063

438

0.470

15063 x 47

7079.61

84.14p.p.c.c.

f46.

Table £-14

Dust Sampling tonimeter

Ln (Particles Per Cubic Centimeter)

Ln (p.p.c.c.)

Calculation Using Loqnormal Theory,

of m, a Statistic to Estimate the

Mean u and V a Statistic to Estimate

Su . Scries 3 Data

Calculation

Notation

u"2

Su

eu

N

T - i Su

*n (i sl)m »

(eu) *n (i Su)

m «

of n

Value

5.369962

0.2741205

212.72

242

0.137060

1.138

212.72 x 1.138

242.075

242.1p/p.c.c.

2Calculation of V

Notation

u"2

Su

2u"

e2u

N

4>n (Su)2

V2

V

V

Value

5.369962

0.2741205

10.739924

22026

242

0.403

22026 x 0.403

8876.48

94.22p.p.c.c.

Appendix - F

Use of Log-normal Theory to

Calculate the Best Estimate

of the Mean and Standard

Deviation of Konimeter, Respirabie

Dust and Respirabie Quartz

Observations.

Appendix - F

Use of Log-normal Theory to

Calculate the Best Estimate

of the Mean and Standard

Deviation of Konimeter

Respirable Dust and Respirable

Quartz Observations.

Although log-normal theory and the log-normal distribution had beenknown for more than fifty years applied to biological data and the sizedistributions of dust and powders it has since been a most useful techniquein the applied statistical analysis of rare meta'^concent rat ions in oresamples. Statistical tables Aitchison and Brown(-0) and the U.S. Bureau ofMines Rl - 7^95(19) have also been applied to the statistical analysis ofradon daughter observations in the homes and buildings in municiplaitiesin Ontario and Saskatchewan.

The Normal Distribution.

The normal probability distribution is functionally presented as:-

p M

where K is the mean of a symetric distrubtion and a the standard deviation.

Graphically

X - a

In this distribution if a distance equal to a fs measured off on the Xaxis on both aides of 7 the arithmetic mean in a normal distribution 68.26%of the values will be included within the limits indicated. If two standarddeviations are measured off 95.46% of the items will be included. Threestandard deviations measured off will include 99.73% of the observations.

The Log-Normal Distribution

It is evident from the results of studies of respirable dust, respirablequartz and konimeter data presented in the Appendices that when a logarithmictransformation of the individual observations is followed by a statisticalanalysis the data are found to be robust.

150.

This conclusive evidence that the dust sampling data are log-normallydistributed is presented in Appendices A, B and C.

The log-normal distribution may be represented as follows:-

where,

(n x refers to the natural logarithm of x.. Should logarithms to thebase 10 be used the subsequent statistical analysis is completed by theIntroduction of an additional normalizing factor.

As indicated graphically the log-normal distribution is skewed tothe right as shown:-

PCx)

Mode true value

Figure - 2

151.

This, skewed distribution where JC ̂ CT reaches a mode before the truearithmetic mean tails off to infinity.

Since a simple arithmetic average cannot be used to calculate the truemean of a skewed distribution as is the case in the conventional normal curve,there is a tendency for this average to underestimate the true mean of the log-normal distribution.

However, should one use the logarithmic transformation for individualobservations the conventional normal distribution y. * In x; for all of theindividual observations the skewed distribution is transformed into thatpresented in equation 1 figure 1. Although this method facilitates thecalculation of X , and a , the best estimate of "and a in mg/H^ or p.p.c.c.

log logrequires additional analytical procedures.

Calculation of the Best Estimate of the Mean u and the Standard Deviation Su.

The best estimate of the mean can then be found conforming to an expressionfrom Aitchison and Brown (20).

m - e U - *i (4 sS) (3)

where, ijin » 1 + n- 1 V + (n-l)2 V 2

1i niT^I) ~2T~

m is the unbiased efficent estimate of u.

and the best estimate of the variance from,

V - eu C*(2 Su - Su})

« e " ( *(SS)) Wip and V may be obtained from tables presented in U.S. Bureau of Mines (19).

152.

REFERENCES

1. Makepeace, C.E. and Stocker, H.,"Statistical Interpretation of a Program for Monitoring FrequencyDesigned for the Protection of Underground Uranium Miners fromOverexposure to Radon Daughters", International Atomic Energy Agency,Vienna, 1980, and Canadian Mining and Metallurgical Bulletin,December, 1980.

2. Makepeace, C.E., Horvath, F.J., Stocker, H.,"Application of a stratified Random Sampling Technique to the Estimationand Minimization of Respirable Quartz Exposure to Underground Miners".Proceedings of the International Symposium on Aerosols in the Mining andIndustrial Work Environment, Minneapolis, Minnesota U.S.A., November 1-6,1981.

3. Makepeace, C.E.,"Stratified Random Sampling Plans Designed to Assist in the Determinationof Radon and Radon Daughter Concentrations in Underground Uranium MineAtmospheres". Report:prepared for the Atomic Energy Control Board, Ottawa,Canada, INFO - 0038 May 10, 1981.

4. Knight, G.,Mine Oust Sampling System - CAMPEDS, Energy Mines and Resources Canada,CANMET Report 78-7, 1978.

5. Knight, G.,A comparison between Two Mine Dust Sampling Systems, Energy Mines andResources Canada, CANMET Report, MRP/MRL 79-87 (TR).

6. Knight, G., and Lichti, K.,Comparison of Cyclone and Horizontal Elutriator size selectors, AmericanInd. Hyg. Assoc. J., 31: 437-441, July - August 1«»/0.

7. Brownlee, K.A.,"Statistical Theory and Metholology in Science and Engineering", New York,John Wiley and Sons, 1965.

8. Phinney, D.E.,"The Precision Associated with the Sampling Frequencies of the TotalParticuiate at Indianapolis, Indiana," Journal of the Air PollutionControl Association, Vol. 22, No. 9, September, 1972.

9. Coenen, W.,"The Confidence Limits for the Mean Values of Dust Concentrations", DustResearch Institute of the Main Federation of Industrial Trade AssociationsInc., Bonn, West Germany, 1962.\

10. Bardswich, W.A.,"Gravimetric Oust Samp 1ing","The Canadian Mining and Metallurgical Bulletin",Vol., 74, No. 830, June 1981.

153.

11. Sreslin, A.J., et. at.,"The Accuracy of Dust Exposure Estimates Obtained from Conventional AirSampling", American tndustrial Hygiene Assocation Journal, January -February, 1967.

12. Shapiro, S.S., Wilk, M.B., and Chen, H.J.,"A Comparative Study of various Tests for Normality", Journal of theAmerican Statistical Association, Vol. 63, 1968, pp. 13^3-1378.

13. O'Agostfno, R.B.,"An Omnbus Test of Normality for Moderate and Large size Samples",Biometrika, Vol.58, 1971, pp. 341-348.

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