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ReporttoShareholdersfortheperiodendedJune30,2020(AllfinancialfiguresareexpressedinCanadiandollars($orC$)unlessotherwisenoted)
MEGEnergyCorp.reportedsecondquarter2020operationalandfinancialresultsonJuly27,2020.
MEGcontinuestoproactivelyrespondtothesafetyandfinancialchallengesassociatedwiththeCOVID-19pandemicandremainscommittedtoensuringthehealthandsafetyofallitspersonnelandthesafeandreliableoperationoftheChristinaLakefacility.
“The second quarter was characterized by extreme negative movements in commodity prices coupled withunprecedenteduncertaintyregardingnear-termcrudeoilsupplyanddemandbalancesduetoCOVID-19”saidDerekEvans,PresidentandChiefExecutiveOfficer.“OurteamcontinuedtoreactquicklyduringthequartertoprotectMEG’sfinancialliquiditybyvoluntarilycurtailingproduction,makingadditionalcutstoourcapitalbudgetandfurtherreducingG&Aandnon-energyoperatingexpenses,allofwhichwhensupplementedbyourstronghedgepositionallowedMEGtoexitthequarterwithanundrawnrevolverand$120millionofcashonhand.”
MEGremainswellpositionedfromafinancialliquidityperspective,benefitingnotonlyfromitssignificant2020hedgebookandthetermandstructureofitsoutstandingindebtednessandcreditfacility,butalsofromthelowdeclineandlowcoststructureofitshigh-qualityChristinaLakeasset.
Secondquarterfinancialandoperatinghighlightsinclude:
• Freecash flowof$69milliondrivenbyadjusted funds flowof$89million ($0.29pershare)anddisciplinedcapitalspendingof$20million;
• $120 million of cash on hand at quarter end benefiting from a $215 million realized commodity riskmanagementgaininthequarter.MEG’s$800millionmodifiedcovenant-literevolverremainsundrawn;
• Bitumen production volumes of 75,687 barrels per day (bbls/d) at a steam-oil ratio (SOR) of 2.3, whileundertakingplannedturnaroundactivities;
• Netoperatingcostsof$6.14perbarrel, includingnon-energyoperatingcostsof$4.09perbarrelandstrongpowersaleswhichhad the impactofoffsetting32%ofperbarrelenergyoperatingcosts, resulting inanetenergyoperatingcostof$2.05perbarrel;
• OnMay4,2020,asaresultof thenegativeanduncertaincommoditypriceenvironmentat thattime,MEGreducedfullyear2020capitalinvestmentbyanadditional$50millionto$150million,or40%beloworiginalguidanceof$250million.Approximately75%oftheaggregate$100millioncapitalreductionintheyearwasassociatedwith futurebitumenproduction. MEGalso reducednon-energyoperating cost andgeneral andadministrative(“G&A”)expenseguidanceby$20millionand$10million,respectively;and
• Duringthequarter,adecisionwasmadetorollbacksalariesacrossthecompany,withanemphasisonBoard,executive and senior leader compensation. Effective June 1, 2020, base cash compensation for Boardmemberswasreducedby25%.ThePresidentandChiefExecutiveOfficerhadhisannualbasesalaryreducedby25%,theChiefOperatingOfficerandChiefFinancialOfficereachtooka15%annualbasesalaryreduction,vicepresidents receiveda12%annualbase salary rollbackandallotheremployees receiveda7.5%annualbasesalaryrollback.Inaddition,thevalueoftarget2020long-termincentiveawardsissuedtoemployeesanddirectorsonApril1,2020wasreducedby20%.
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BlendSalesPricingandNorthAmericanMarketAccess
MEGrealizedanaverageAWBblendsalespriceofUS$15.12perbarrelduringthethreemonthsendedJune30,2020comparedtoUS$27.12perbarrelinthefirstquarterof2020.ThereductioninaverageAWBblendsalespricequarteroverquarterwasprimarilyaresultoftheaverageWTIpricedecreasingbyUS$18.32perbarrel,partiallyoffsetbytheaverageWTI:AWBdifferentialatEdmontonnarrowingbyUS$9.34perbarrel. MEGsold35%(allviapipe)ofitssalesvolumestotheUSGulfCoast(“USGC”)inthesecondquarterof2020comparedto23%(21%viapipeand2%viarail)inthefirstquarterof2020.TheincreaseinsalestotheUSGCinthesecondquarterisaresultoflowerapportionmentontheEnbridgemainlineof13%comparedwith50%apportionmentinthefirstquarterof2020.
Transportation and storage costs averaged US$5.92 per barrel of AWB blend sales in the second quarter of 2020compared toUS$4.39perbarrelofAWBblendsales in the firstquarterof2020.The increase in transportationandstoragecostsisprimarilyduetothefixedcostsassociatedwithcontractedcapacityallocatedto29%lowerAWBblendsalesvolumesquarteroverquarter,partiallyoffsetbytheeliminationofrailcoststotheUSGC.MEG’sAWBblendsalesbyrailwas4,391bbls/d(allFOBEdmonton)inthesecondquarterof2020comparedto30,152bbls/d(27,867bbls/dFOBEdmonton)inthefirstquarterof2020.Thereductioninbarrelssoldviarailquarteroverquarterwasaresultofrail costmitigationeffortsundertakenby theCorporation in the secondquartergiven the relativeeconomicsof railtransportationcomparedtopipelinetransportationcosts.
ExcludingtransportationandstoragecostsupstreamoftheEdmontonindexsalespoint,MEG’snetAWBblendsalesprice at Edmonton averaged US$11.28 per barrel during the threemonths ended June 30, 2020 compared to thepostedAWBindexpriceatEdmontonofUS$14.41perbarrel,largelyasaresultofhavingsalesexposuretotheweakerpricedmonthsofAprilandMay(approximately110,000bbls/dofAWBblendsales),withreducedvolumessoldinthestrongerpricedmonthofJune(approximately84,000bbls/dofAWBblendsales)duetothemajorplannedturnaroundinitiatedatthebeginningofJune.
OperationalPerformance
Bitumen production averaged 75,687 bbls/d in the second quarter of 2020, compared to 91,557 bbls/d in the firstquarter of 2020. Bitumen production in the second quarter was impacted primarily by major planned turnaroundactivities at theCorporation’s Phase1&2 facilitieswhichbeganat thebeginningof June, impactingproductionbyapproximately10,000bbls/dinthequarter,andvoluntaryprice-relatedproductioncurtailmentsintheAprilandMaytimeframe.Netoperatingcostsinthesecondquarterof2020averaged$6.14perbarrel,an11%increasecomparedtothefirstquarterof2020,directly impactedbylowersurpluspowersalesrevenuefromMEG’scogenerationfacilities.Non-energyoperatingcostsaveraged$4.09perbarrelinthesecondquarterof2020comparedto$4.57perbarrelinthefirstquarterof2020.Netenergyoperatingcostsaveraged$2.05perbarrelinthesecondquarterof2020comparedto$0.94perbarrelinthefirstquarterof2020.
G&Aexpensewas$9million,or$1.29perbarrelofproduction,inthesecondquarterof2020comparedto$16million,or$1.96perbarrelofproduction,inthefirstquarterof2020.ThedecreaseinaggregateG&Aquarteroverquarterwasprimarily a result of the temporary Canadian EmergencyWage Subsidy, salary rollbacks and reductions in staff andconsultingcosts.
AdjustedFundsFlowandNetLoss
MEG’sbitumenrealizationaveraged$10.18perbarrelinthesecondquarterof2020comparedto$19.45perbarrelinthefirstquarterof2020.ThereductioninaveragebitumenrealizationquarteroverquarterwasdrivenbythelowerWTI price and lower sales volumes, partially offset by a narrowerWTI:AWB differential which resulted in a higherrecoveryofthecostofdiluentthroughblendsales,decreasingtheCorporation’sperbarrelcostofdiluent.
Offsetting thedecline inbitumenrealizationwasa realizedcommodity riskmanagementgainof$215million in thequarter increasingMEG’sbitumenrealizationby$21.65perbarrelquarteroverquarter.TherealizedcommodityriskmanagementgaincontributedtotheincreaseintheCorporation’scashoperatingnetbackto$25.84perbarrelinthesecond quarter of 2020 compared to $16.83 per barrel in the first quarter of 2020. The increased cash operating
2
netbackdrovetheincreaseintheCorporation’sadjustedfundsflowfrom$78millioninthefirstquarterof2020to$89millioninthesecondquarterof2020.
TheCorporation recognizedanet lossof$80million in the secondquarterof2020compared toanet lossof$284millioninthefirstquarterof2020.Non-cashitemsinthesecondquarterof2020includeanunrealizedgainonforeignexchangeof$114millionandanunrealizedlossoncommodityriskmanagementof$267million.Comparatively,inthefirstquarterof2020,non-cashitemsconsistedofanunrealizedforeignexchangelossof$267million,anexplorationexpenseof$366millionassociatedwith certainnon-coregrowthpropertiesandan inventory impairment chargeof$29million,partiallyoffsetbya$429millionunrealizedgainoncommodityriskmanagementcontracts.
CapitalExpenditures
MEG reacted quickly to the extremely negative oil price environment experienced in the second quarter of 2020,protectingtheCorporation’sfinancial liquiditypartiallybyreducingcapitalexpendituresto$20millioninthequartercomparedto$54million inthefirstquarterof2020.Ofthe$20million,$10millionwasdirectedtowardssustainingandmaintenance activitieswith the remaining $10million related to the planned turnaround at the Christina LakePhase1and2facilitieswhichwasinitiatedatthebeginningofJune.Theexpandedscopeanddurationoftheplannedturnaround,whichwascommittedtoinearlyMay,isexpectedtobeexecutedatreducedcostsbyrelyingoninternalresourcesandwilleliminatetheneedforaturnaroundin2021.
COVID-19GlobalPandemic
The Corporation is continuously monitoring and responding to the ongoing evolving COVID-19 situation. TheCorporation’s business activities have been declared an essential service by the Alberta Government and theCorporation remains committed to the health and safety of all personnel and to the safety and continuity ofoperations. Thehealth and safetymeasures implementedby theCorporation's COVID-19 task force during the firstquarter of 2020 currently remain in place. The vast majority of office staff are still working remotely, however,beginning in June theCorporation lifted certain restrictionswhich allowedmore location essential personnel at theChristinaLakesitetofacilitateMEG’splannedturnaroundactivitywhilestillmaintainingCOVID-19relatedscreening,proceduresandprotocolstoensurecontinuedsafeandreliableoperations.
Outlook
OnMay4,theCorporationsuspendedfullyear2020productionguidanceduetotheglobalcrudeoilpriceenvironmentat that time, which was experiencing multi-decade lows coupled with extreme levels of volatility driven by theunprecedenteddemandshockduetoCOVID-19.
Sincethattime,crudeoilpricelevelsandvolatilityhavestabilizedtoalevelthatallowstheCorporationtore-instatefullyearproductionguidancewhichisnowtargetedat78,000–80,000bbls/d.Comparedtotheoriginalguidanceof94,000–97,000bbls/dannouncedNovember21,2019,approximatelyhalfofthedifferenceisduetotheimpactofthescheduled 70-day major turnaround at the Christina Lake Phase 1 and 2 facilities announced May 4, 2020. Theremainderofthedifferenceresultsfromacombinationofpreviouslydisclosedweather-relatedproductionimpactsinthefirstquarterof2020,voluntaryprice-relatedproductioncurtailmentsinthesecondquarterof2020andtheimpactofreducedwellcapitalthroughout2020,whichmadeupapproximately75%ofthecombined$100millionreductionincapitalspendingannouncedonMarch10andMay4of2020.
Guidancefornon-energyoperatingcosts,G&AexpenseandcapitalexpendituresremainunchangedfromtherevisedguidanceannouncedMay4,2020.
FinancialLiquidity
Notwithstandingmulti-decadelowcrudeoilprices,MEGgenerated$92millionoffreecashflowinthefirsthalfofyear,andexitedthesecondquarterwithitscreditfacilityundrawnand$120millionofcashonhand.
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TheCorporation’searliestlong-termdebtmaturityisapproximatelyfouryearsout,representedbyUS$600millionofsenior unsecured notes due March 2024. None of the Corporation’s outstanding long-term debt contain financialmaintenance covenants. Additionally, MEG’s modified covenant-lite $800 million revolving credit facility has nofinancialmaintenance covenant unless drawn in excess of $400million. If drawn in excess of $400million,MEG isrequiredtomaintainaquarterlyfirstliennetleverageratio(firstliennetdebttolasttwelve-monthEBITDA)of3.5orless.UnderMEG’screditfacility,firstliennetdebtiscalculatedasdebtunderthecreditfacilityplusotherdebtthatissecuredonaparipassubasiswiththecreditfacility,lesscashonhand.
2H2020CommodityHedges
Forthesecondhalfof2020,todateMEGhasenteredintobenchmarkWTIfixedpricehedgesforapproximately70%offorecast second half bitumen production at an average price of approximately US$46 per barrel. The table belowreflectsallofMEG’scurrent2020financialandphysicalhedgepositions.
Q32020 Q42020 2H2020
WTIHedges
WTIFixedPriceHedges
Volume(bbls/d) 60,812 46,783 53,797
WeightedaveragefixedWTIprice(US$/bbl) $ 44.74 $ 47.42 $ 45.91
EnhancedWTIFixedPriceHedgeswithSoldPutOptions(1)
Volume(bbls/d) 16,870 24,500 20,685
WeightedaveragefixedWTIprice(US$/bbl)/Putoptionstrikeprice(US$/bbl)
$59.38/$52.00
$59.11/$52.00
$59.22/$52.00
WTI:WCSDifferentialHedges
Volume(2)(bbls/d) 45,853 41,150 43,501
WeightedaveragefixedWTI:WCSdifferential(US$/bbl) $ (17.82) $ (20.02) $(18.86)
CondensateHedges
Volume(3)(bbls/d) 23,208 23,208 23,208
Average%ofWTIlandedinEdmonton 100% 100% 100%
(1) Includesfixedpriceswapsandsoldputoptionsenteredintoforthesecondhalfof2020.Atanaverage2H2020WTIpriceofUS$52.00perbarrelorhigher,MEG’seffectiveWTIhedgepricefor2H2020isUS$49.60perbarrel.Illustratively,atanaverage2H2020WTIpriceofUS$40.00,MEG’seffectiveWTIhedgepricefor2H2020isUS$46.27perbarrel.
(2) Includes approximately 24,500 bbls/d (Q3 2020) and 13,000 bbls/d (Q4 2020) of physical forward blend sales at a fixedWTI:AWBdifferential.
(3) 2H2020 includesapproximately8,200bbls/dofphysical forwardcondensatepurchases.Whereapplicable, theaverage%ofWTIlandedinEdmontonincludesestimatednettransportationcoststoEdmonton.
ADVISORY
Forward-LookingInformation
This quarterly report contains forward-looking information and should be read in conjunction with the "Forward-LookingInformation"containedwithintheAdvisorysectionofthisquarter'sManagementDiscussionandAnalysisandPressRelease.
Non-GAAPMeasures
Certainfinancialmeasuresinthisreporttoshareholdersincludingfreecashflowandcashoperatingnetbackarenon-GAAPmeasures. These terms are not defined by IFRS and, therefore,may not be comparable to similarmeasuresprovided by other companies. These non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation or as an
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alternativeformeasuresofperformancepreparedinaccordancewithIFRS.
FreeCashFlow
Free cash flow is presented to assistmanagement and investors in analyzing performance by the Corporation as ameasureoffinancial liquidityandthecapacityofthebusinesstorepaydebt.Freecashflowiscalculatedasadjustedfundsflowlesscapitalexpenditures.
ThreemonthsendedJune30 SixmonthsendedJune30
($millions) 2020 2019 2020 2019
Netcashprovidedby(usedin)operatingactivities $ 117 $ 302 $ 216 $ 233Netchangeinnon-cashoperatingworking
capitalitems (48) (75) (78) 145
Fundsflowfrom(usedin)operations 69 227 138 378
Adjustments:
Contractcancellation(1) 20 — 26 —
Decommissioningexpenditures — — 2 —
Adjustedfundsflow $ 89 $ 227 $ 166 $ 378
Capitalexpenditures (20) (32) (74) (85)
Freecashflow $ 69 $ 195 $ 92 $ 293
CashOperatingNetback
Cashoperatingnetbackisanon-GAAPmeasurewidelyusedintheoilandgasindustryasasupplementalmeasureofacompany’sefficiencyand its ability to fund future capital expenditures. TheCorporation’s cashoperatingnetback iscalculated by deducting the related cost of diluent, blend purchases, transportation and storage, third-partycurtailmentcredits,operatingexpenses,royaltiesandrealizedcommodityriskmanagementgainsorlossesfromblendsalesandpowerrevenue.Theperbarrelcalculationofcashoperatingnetbackisbasedonbitumensalesvolume.
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ThisManagement'sDiscussionandAnalysis("MD&A")ofthefinancialconditionandperformanceofMEGEnergyCorp.("MEG"or the "Corporation") for the threeand sixmonths ended June30, 2020wasapprovedby theCorporation'sAuditCommitteeonJuly27,2020.ThisMD&AshouldbereadinconjunctionwiththeCorporation'sunauditedinterimconsolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the three and sixmonths ended June 30, 2020, the auditedannualconsolidated financial statementsandnotes thereto for theyearendedDecember31,2019, the2019annualMD&A and the Corporation's most recently filed Annual Information Form (“AIF”). This MD&A and the unauditedinterim consolidated financial statements and comparative information have been prepared in accordance withInternationalFinancialReportingStandards(“IFRS”)asissuedbytheInternationalAccountingStandardsBoard(“IASB”)andarepresentedinmillionsofCanadiandollars,exceptwhereotherwiseindicated.
Unlessotherwiseindicated,allperbarrelfiguresarebasedonbitumensalesvolumes.
MD&A-TableofContents
1. BUSINESSDESCRIPTION................................................................................................................................ 7
2. OPERATIONALANDFINANCIALHIGHLIGHTS................................................................................................ 7
3. RESULTSOFOPERATIONS............................................................................................................................. 8
4. OUTLOOK...................................................................................................................................................... 19
5. BUSINESSENVIRONMENT............................................................................................................................. 20
6. OTHEROPERATINGRESULTS........................................................................................................................ 22
7. LIQUIDITYANDCAPITALRESOURCES............................................................................................................ 26
8. RISKMANAGEMENT..................................................................................................................................... 28
9. SHARESOUTSTANDING................................................................................................................................. 30
10. CONTRACTUALOBLIGATIONS,COMMITMENTSANDCONTINGENCIES....................................................... 30
11. NON-GAAPMEASURES................................................................................................................................. 31
12. CRITICALACCOUNTINGPOLICIESANDESTIMATES....................................................................................... 31
13. RISKFACTORS............................................................................................................................................... 32
14. DISCLOSURECONTROLSANDPROCEDURES................................................................................................. 33
15. INTERNALCONTROLSOVERFINANCIALREPORTING.................................................................................... 33
16. ABBREVIATIONS............................................................................................................................................ 34
17. ADVISORY...................................................................................................................................................... 34
18. ADDITIONALINFORMATION......................................................................................................................... 36
19. QUARTERLYSUMMARIES.............................................................................................................................. 37
20. ANNUALSUMMARIES................................................................................................................................... 39
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1. BUSINESSDESCRIPTION
MEGisanenergycompanyfocusedonsustainableinsituthermaloilproductioninthesouthernAthabascaregionof Alberta, Canada. MEG is actively developing innovative enhanced oil recovery projects that utilize steam-assistedgravitydrainage("SAGD")extractionmethodstoimprovetheresponsibleeconomicrecoveryofoilaswellas lower carbon emissions. MEG transports and sells its thermal oil production to refiners throughout NorthAmericaandinternationally.
MEG owns a 100%working interest in over 700 squaremiles ofmineral leases. In the report prepared byGLJPetroleum Consultants Ltd. ("GLJ") and effective December 31, 2019, GLJ estimated that the leases it hadevaluatedcontainedapproximately2.1billionbarrelsofgrossprovedplusprobable("2P")bitumenreservesattheChristinaLakeProject.For informationregardingMEG'sestimatedreservescontained in thereportpreparedbyGLJ,pleaserefer to theCorporation’smost recently filedAIF,which isavailableontheCorporation’swebsiteatwww.megenergy.comandisalsoavailableontheSEDARwebsiteatwww.sedar.com.
2. OPERATIONALANDFINANCIALHIGHLIGHTS
BeginninginearlyMarch2020andcontinuingintothesecondquarterof2020,marketconditionsprecipitatedbytheCOVID-19globalpandemic ("COVID-19"), and subsequentmeasures intended to limit theoutbreakglobally,contributedtoanunprecedentedimpactonglobalcommodityprices.Withreducedcrudeoildemandandexcesssupply,thepriceofcrudeoilandotherpetroleumproductsdeterioratedsignificantlyduringthefirsthalfof2020andalthoughtherehasbeenanimprovementinthestabilityoftheglobaloilmarketneartheendofJuneandintoJuly,thereremainsuncertaintyregardingtheongoingimpactofCOVID-19onglobalcommodityprices.
TheCorporation iscontinuallymonitoringandresponding to theevolvingCOVID-19situation.TheCorporation’sbusiness activities have been declared an essential service by the Alberta Government and the Corporationremainscommittedtothehealthandsafetyofallpersonnelandtothesafetyandcontinuityofoperations.ThehealthandsafetymeasuresimplementedbytheCorporation'sCOVID-19taskforceduringthefirstquarterof2020currentlyremaininplace.Thevastmajorityofofficestaffarestillworkingremotely;however,beginninginJunetheCorporation lifted certain restrictionswhichallowedmore locationessentialpersonnel tobepresentat theChristina Lake site to facilitateplanned turnaroundactivitieswhile stillmaintainingCOVID-19 related screening,proceduresandprotocolstoensurecontinuedsafeandreliableoperations.
Bitumenproductionaveraged75,687bbls/dduringthesecondquarterof2020comparedto97,288bbls/dinthesecond quarter of 2019. The decrease in average bitumen production was primarily driven by major plannedturnaround activities at the Phase 1 and 2 facilities,which began in early June 2020, decreasing production byapproximately10,000bpdinthesecondquarterof2020aswellasvoluntaryprice-relatedproductioncurtailmentsinAprilandMay2020.ThemajorplannedturnaroundisexpectedtobecompleteinAugust2020.
Realized commodity risk management gains of $215million in the second quarter of 2020 partially offset theimpactofdeterioratingcommoditypricesanddecreasedproductionlevels. TheCorporationgeneratedadjustedfundsflowof$89millioninthesecondquarterof2020comparedto$227millioninthesecondquarterof2019.
TheCorporationrecognizedanetlossof$80millioninthesecondquarterof2020comparedtoanetlossof$64millioninthesecondquarterof2019.Theincreaseinthenetlossisduetothedecreasedcashoperatingnetbackaswellasanunrealizedlossoncommodityriskmanagementcontractsof$267million.Comparatively,thenetlossinthesecondquarterof2019reflectsa$237millionaccelerateddepreciationexpense.
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ThefollowingtablesummarizesselectedoperationalandfinancialinformationoftheCorporationfortheperiodsnoted.AlldollaramountsarestatedinCanadiandollars($orC$)unlessotherwisenotedandallperbarrelfiguresarebasedonbitumensalesvolumes:
SixmonthsendedJune30 2020 2019 2018
($millions,exceptasindicated) 2020 2019 Q2 Q1 Q4 Q3 Q2 Q1 Q4 Q3
Bitumenproduction-bbls/d 83,622 92,228 75,687 91,557 94,566 93,278 97,288 87,113 87,582 98,751
Steam-oilratio 2.31 2.18 2.32 2.31 2.27 2.26 2.16 2.20 2.22 2.17
Bitumensales-bbls/d 83,806 92,486 70,397 97,214 94,347 94,992 95,120 89,822 88,283 93,856
Bitumenrealization-$/bbl 15.56 56.42 10.18 19.45 46.86 53.37 62.23 50.21 15.31 49.63
Netoperatingcosts-$/bbl(1) 5.78 5.39 6.14 5.51 5.87 4.30 4.66 6.17 4.55 4.34
Non-energyoperatingcosts-$/bbl 4.37 4.86 4.09 4.57 4.49 4.22 4.53 5.22 4.25 4.38
Cashoperatingnetback-$/bbl(2) 20.62 33.98 25.84 16.83 28.33 32.44 37.88 29.80 7.14 24.01
Adjustedfundsflow(3) 166 378 89 78 157 192 227 151 (37) 116
Pershare,diluted 0.55 1.26 0.29 0.26 0.51 0.63 0.76 0.50 (0.13) 0.39
Revenue 972 1,980 307 665 992 958 1,062 919 520 803
Netearnings(loss) (364) (111) (80) (284) 26 24 (64) (48) (199) 118
Pershare,diluted (1.21) (0.37) (0.26) (0.95) 0.09 0.08 (0.21) (0.16) (0.67) 0.39
Capitalexpenditures 74 85 20 54 72 40 32 53 144 139
Cashandcashequivalents 120 399 120 62 206 154 399 154 318 373
Long-termdebt-C$ 3,096 3,582 3,096 3,212 3,123 3,257 3,582 3,660 3,740 3,544
Long-termdebt-US$ 2,274 2,737 2,274 2,275 2,409 2,459 2,737 2,740 2,741 2,742
(1) Netoperatingcostsincludeenergyandnon-energyoperatingcosts,reducedbypowerrevenue.(2) Cash operating netback is a non-GAAP measure and does not have a standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS and
therefore maynot be comparable to similarmeasures usedby other companies. Refer to the “NON-GAAPMEASURES”sectionofthisMD&A.
(3) RefertoNote20oftheinterimconsolidatedfinancialstatementsforfurtherdetails.
3. RESULTSOFOPERATIONS
BitumenProductionandSteam-OilRatio
ThreemonthsendedJune30 SixmonthsendedJune30
2020 2019 2020 2019
Bitumenproduction–bbls/d 75,687 97,288 83,622 92,228
Steam-oilratio(SOR) 2.32 2.16 2.31 2.18
BitumenProduction
Bitumenproductionaveraged75,687bbls/dand83,622bbls/dduring the threeandsixmonthsended June30,2020, compared to97,288bbls/dand92,228bbls/dduring the sameperiodsof2019. Thedecrease inaveragebitumenproductionwasprimarilydrivenbymajorplanned turnaroundactivitiesat thePhase1and2 facilities,whichbeganinearlyJune2020,decreasingproductionbyapproximately10,000bbls/dduringthethreemonthsendedJune30,2020aswellasvoluntaryprice-relatedproductioncurtailmentsinAprilandMay2020.ThemajorplannedturnaroundisexpectedtobecompleteinAugust2020.
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Steam-OilRatio
The Corporation uses SAGD technology to recover bitumen. In SAGD operations, steam is injected into the oilreservoirtomobilizebitumen,whichisthenpumpedtothesurface.AnimportantmetricforthermaloilprojectsisSteam-Oil Ratio ("SOR"), which is an efficiency indicator that measures the average amount of steam that isinjectedintothereservoirforeachbarrelofbitumenproduced.TheCorporationcontinuestofocusonimprovingefficiencyofproductionthroughalowerSOR,whichgenerallyindicatesthatsteamisbeingmoreefficientlyused,but isalso influencedby the introductionofnewwells intocirculation.TheSOR increased for the threeandsixmonthsendedJune30,2020,comparedtothesameperiodsof2019,duetothetimingofnewwellpairsandwellsbeingbrought intosteamcirculationandproduction,aswellas reducedproduction levelsduetoCOVID-19andplantturnaroundactivities.
AdjustedFundsFlow
During the three and sixmonths ended June 30, 2020, adjusted funds flow decreased compared to the sameperiods of 2019, primarily driven by the Corporation's reduced cash operating netback which was significantlyimpacted by a sharp decline in global crude oil prices, partially offset by realized gains on commodity riskmanagement contracts. The decrease in adjusted funds flow was also partially mitigated by ongoing costreductionstogeneralandadministrativeexpenseandcashinterestcosts.
$millions
AdjustedFundsFlowThreemonthsendedJune30
$227
(429)
26625 $89
2019
Cashoperatingnetback,exclriskmgm
t
Realizedgainonriskmanagem
ent
Othercashco
sts
2020
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
$millions
AdjustedFundsFlowSixmonthsendedJune30
$378
(648)
39343 $166
2019
Cashoperatingnetback,exclriskmgm
t
Realizedgainonriskmanagem
ent
Othercashco
sts
2020
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
9
Thefollowingtablereconcilesnetcashprovidedbyoperatingactivitiestoadjustedfundsflow:
ThreemonthsendedJune30 SixmonthsendedJune30($millions) 2020 2019 2020 2019
Netcashprovidedby(usedin)operatingactivities $ 117 $ 302 $ 216 $ 233
Netchangeinnon-cashoperatingworkingcapitalitems (48) (75) (78) 145
Fundsflowfrom(usedin)operations 69 227 138 378
Adjustments:
Contractcancellation(1) 20 — 26 —
Decommissioningexpenditures — — 2 —
Adjustedfundsflow $ 89 $ 227 $ 166 $ 378
(1) Costsincurredtomitigaterailsalescontractexposure.Contractcancellationcostsorrecoveriesareexcludedfromadjustedfundsflowastheyarenotconsideredpartofordinarycontinuingoperatingresults.
NetcashprovidedbyoperatingactivitiesisanIFRSmeasureintheCorporation'sconsolidatedstatementofcashflow.Adjusted funds flow is calculatedasnet cashprovidedbyoperating activities excluding thenet change innon-cash operating working capital, items not considered part of ordinary continuing operating results, anddecommissioning expenditures. Adjusted funds flow is used by management to analyze the Corporation'soperating performance and cash flow generating ability. By excluding changes in non-cashworking capital andother adjustments from cash flows, the adjusted funds flow measure provides a meaningful metric formanagementbyestablishingaclearlinkbetweentheCorporation'scashflowsandthecashoperatingnetback.
CashOperatingNetback
The following table summarizes the Corporation's cash operating netback. Unless otherwise indicated, the perbarrelcalculationfortheperiodsindicatedbelowarebasedonbitumensalesvolume.
ThreemonthsendedJune30 SixmonthsendedJune30
2020 2019 2020 2019
($millions,exceptasindicated) $/bbl $/bbl $/bbl $/bbl
Salesfromproduction $ 181 $ 863 $ 650 $1,559
Salesfrompurchasedproduct(1) 118 199 297 402
Petroleumrevenue 299 1,062 947 1,961
Purchasedproduct (106) (199) (282) (394)
Blendsales(2) $ 193 $ 20.96 $ 863 $ 69.19 $ 665 $30.03 $1,567 $64.22
Costofdiluent (128) (10.78) (325) (6.96) (428) (14.47) (622) (7.80)
Bitumenrealization 65 10.18 538 62.23 237 15.56 945 56.42
Transportationandstorage(3) (75) (11.77) (93) (10.80) (152) (9.96) (185) (11.03)
Third-partycurtailmentcredits(4) — — (8) (0.89) 2 0.11 (8) (0.46)
Royalties — (0.05) (18) (2.06) (6) (0.37) (21) (1.24)
NNetoperatingcosts (40) (6.14) (40) (4.66) (88) (5.78) (90) (5.39)
Cashoperatingnetback-excludingrealizedcommodityriskmanagement (50) (7.78) 379 43.82 (7) (0.44) 641 38.30
Realizedgain(loss)oncommodityriskmanagement 215 33.62 (51) (5.94) 321 21.06 (72) (4.32)
Cashoperatingnetback(5) $ 165 $ 25.84 $ 328 $ 37.88 $ 314 $20.62 $ 569 $33.98
Bitumensalesvolumes-bbls/d 70,397 95,120 83,806 92,486
10
(1) Salesfrompurchasedoilproductsrelatedtomarketingassetoptimizationactivities.(2) Blendsalesperbarrelarebasedonblendsalesvolumes.(3) Defined as transportation and storage expense less transportation revenue. Transportation and storage includes costs
associatedwithmovingtheCorporation'sblendfromChristinaLaketoafinalsales locationandoptimizingthetimingofdelivery,netofthird-partyrecoveriesondiluenttransportationarrangements.
(4) The Corporation can purchase or sell production curtailment credits to either increase its production, or sell excessproductioncapacity,comparedtoitsprovincially-mandatedcurtailmentlevel.
(5) Anon-GAAPmeasureasdefinedinthe“NON-GAAPMEASURES”sectionofthisMD&A.
Blendsalesincludesnetrevenuerelatedtomarketingassetoptimizationactivitiesfocusedontherecoveryoffixedcostsrelatedtoanymarketingassetsduringperiodsofunderutilizationofsuchassets,withthegoaltostrengthencashoperatingnetback.Assetoptimizationactivitiesconsistofthepurchaseandsaleofthird-partyproducts.TheCorporationdoesnot engage in speculative trading. Thepurchaseand saleof third-partyproducts requires theconcurrentlockinginofpriceriskpursuanttopoliciesapprovedbytheCorporation'sBoardofDirectorswhichcanbeachievedeitherthroughthecounterpartyorthroughfinancialpriceriskmanagement.
$/bb
l
CashOperatingNetbackThreemonthsendedJune30
$37.88
(48.23)
(3.82)
39.562.01
(1.48) (0.08)
$25.84
2019
Blend
sales
Costof
diluen
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Royalti
es
Netop
erating
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10
20
30
40
$/bb
l
CashOperatingNetbackSixmonthsendedJune30
$33.98
(34.19)
(6.67)
25.38 1.07 0.87 0.18 $20.62
2019
Blend
sales
Costof
diluen
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Transp
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BitumenRealization
BitumenrealizationrepresentstheCorporation'sblendsalesnetofcostofdiluent,expressedonaperbarrelofbitumensoldbasis.BlendsalesrepresentstheCorporation'srevenuefromitsoilblendknownasAWB,which iscomprisedofbitumenproducedattheChristinaLakeProjectblendedwithpurchaseddiluent.Thecostofdiluentisimpacted by Canadian and U.S. benchmark pricing, the amount of diluent required which is impacted byseasonalityandpipelinespecifications,thecostoftransportingdiluenttotheproductionsitefrombothEdmontonandU.S.GulfCoast("USGC")markets,thetimingofdiluentinventorypurchasesandchangesinthevalueoftheCanadiandollarrelativetotheU.S.dollar.Aportionofthecostofdiluentiseffectivelyrecoveredinthesalespriceoftheblendedproduct.Bitumenrealizationperbarrelfluctuatesprimarilybasedonaveragebenchmarkpricesandlight:heavyoildifferentials.
11
ThreemonthsendedJune30 SixmonthsendedJune30
2020 2019 2020 2019
($millions,exceptasindicated) $/bbl $/bbl $/bbl $/bbl
Salesfromproduction $ 181 $ 863 $ 650 $ 1,559
Salesfrompurchasedproduct(1) 118 199 297 402
Petroleumrevenue $ 299 $ 1,062 $ 947 $ 1,961
Purchasedproduct (106) (199) (282) (394)
Blendsales(2) $ 193 $ 20.96 $ 863 $ 69.19 $ 665 $ 30.03 $ 1,567 $ 64.22
Costofdiluent (128) (10.78) (325) (6.96) (428) (14.47) (622) (7.80)
Bitumenrealization $ 65 $ 10.18 $ 538 $ 62.23 $ 237 $ 15.56 $ 945 $ 56.42
(1) Salesfrompurchasedoilproductsrelatedtomarketingassetoptimizationactivities.(2) Blendsalesperbarrelarebasedonblendsalesvolumes.
The blend sales price decreased by $48.23 per barrel, or 70%, during the threemonths ended June 30, 2020comparedtothesameperiodof2019.DuringthesixmonthsendedJune30,2020,theblendsalespricedecreasedby$34.19perbarrel,or54%,comparedtothesameperiodof2019.ThedecreaseinblendsalespriceduringthethreeandsixmonthsendedJune30,2020isduetoalowerWTIpriceandwiderWTI:AWBdifferentials.TheWTIprice experienced a significant decline during the three and sixmonths ended June 30, 2020, largely driven byunprecedented demand shock in the global oil markets due to COVID-19. The widening of the WTI:AWBdifferentialatEdmontonreflectedprevailingdemand/supply fundamentals forheavyoil inWesternCanadaandegressconstraintsmovingbeyondwesternCanada.
TheCorporationcontinuestoexecuteonitsstrategytopartiallymitigatethecostofunutilizedtransportationandstorageassets.Duringthesecondquarterof2020,theseactivitiesadded$12milliontoblendsales,or$1.24perbarrel, to theblend salesprice.Ona year-to-datebasis, anadditional$15millionwasadded toblend sales,or$0.65perbarrel to theblendsalesprice.TheCorporationdoesnotengage inspeculative trading.Thepurchaseandsaleofthird-partyproductsrequirestheconcurrent locking inofpriceriskpursuanttopoliciesapprovedbytheCorporation'sBoardofDirectorswhichcanbeachievedeitherthroughthecounterpartyorthroughfinancialpriceriskmanagement.
Costofdiluentincreasedby$3.82perbarrel,or55%,duringthethreemonthsendedJune30,2020comparedtothesameperiodof2019.DuringthesixmonthsendedJune30,2020,thecostofdiluentincreasedby$6.67perbarrel,or86%,comparedtothesameperiodof2019.TheincreaseduringthethreeandsixmonthsendedJune30,2020reflectswiderWTI:AWBdifferentialsandtheuseofhigherpriceddiluentfrominventoryresultinginalowerrecoveryofthecostofdiluentthroughblendsales.
Theabovefactors,combinedwith lowerproductionandsalesvolumesduringthethreemonthsendedJune30,2020,decreasedbitumenrealizationby$52.05perbarrel,or84%,and$40.86perbarrel,or73%,duringthethreeandsixmonthsendedJune30,2020,respectively,comparedtothesameperiodsof2019.
TransportationandStorage
TheCorporation'smarketingstrategyfocusesonmaximizingtherealizedAWBsalespriceaftertransportationandstoragecostsbyutilizingitsnetworkofpipeline,railandstoragefacilitiestooptimizemarketaccess.
ThreemonthsendedJune30 SixmonthsendedJune30
2020 2019 2020 2019
($millions,exceptasindicated) $/bbl $/bbl $/bbl $/bbl
Transportationandstorage $ (75)$ (11.77)$ (93)$ (10.80)$ (152)$ (9.96)$ (185)$ (11.03)
DuringthethreeandsixmonthsendedJune30,2020,totaltransportationandstoragecostsdecreased19%and18%,respectively,comparedtothesameperiodsof2019.Thedecreaseisprimarilytheresultofdecreasedblend
12
sales volumes transported by rail to the USGC market. Beginning in 2020, the Corporation suspended itscontracted transport of blend sales by rail to theUSGC in favour of increasing its blend sales freight on board("FOB") at rail terminals at Edmonton. The Corporation no longer leases rail cars nor has contracted railcommitmentsbeyondloadingcapacityofFOBsalesatEdmonton.
Transportationandstoragecostsonaperbarrelbasis increasedduring the threemonthsendedJune30,2020,comparedtothesameperiodof2019,asfixedcostswereallocatedover lowersalesvolumes.Thesefixedcostswereoffsetby$1.24perbarrelthroughassetoptimizationactivitiesrecognizedinblendsales.
EffectiveJuly1,2020,theCorporationhascontractedfor100,000barrelsperdayofblendtransportationcapacityon the Flanagan South and Seaway pipeline systems, providing pipeline transportation directly to the USGCrefineriesandexportterminals.Totheextentthatcapacityisunderutilized,theCorporationwill looktomitigatetheassociatedcoststhroughshort-termthird-partycontracts.
Royalties
TheCorporation's royaltyexpense is calculatedbasedonprice-sensitive royalty rates setby theGovernmentofAlberta.TheroyaltyrateapplicabletotheCorporation'sChristinaLakeoperation,whichiscurrentlyinpre-payout,startsat1%ofbitumensalesandincreasesforeverydollarthattheWTIcrudeoilpriceinCanadiandollarsispricedabove $55 per barrel, to a maximum of 9% when the WTI crude oil price is $120 per barrel or higher. Theapplicableroyaltyrateisthenappliedtorevenueforroyaltypurposes.
ThreemonthsendedJune30 SixmonthsendedJune30
2020 2019 2020 2019
($millions,exceptasindicated) $/bbl $/bbl $/bbl $/bbl
Royalties $ — $ (0.05)$ (18)$ (2.06)$ (6)$ (0.37)$ (21)$ (1.24)
Thedecrease in royalties for the threeand sixmonthsended June30, 2020, compared to the sameperiodsof2019,isprimarilytheresultofthedecreaseintheWTIbenchmarkprice.
NetOperatingCosts
Netoperatingcostsarecomprisedofthesumofnon-energyoperatingcostsandenergyoperatingcosts,reducedby power revenue. Non-energy operating costs relate to production-related operating activities and energyoperating costs reflect the cost of natural gas used for fuel to generate steam and power at the Corporation’sfacilities.PowerrevenueisrecognizedfromthesaleofsurpluspowergeneratedbytheCorporation’scogenerationfacilitiesattheChristinaLakeProject.TheCorporationutilizesthermallyefficientcogenerationfacilitiestoprovideaportionof itssteamandelectricity requirements.Anyexcesspowerthat issold intotheprovincialpowergriddisplaces other power sources that have a higher carbon intensity, thereby reducing the Corporation's carbonfootprint.
ThreemonthsendedJune30 SixmonthsendedJune30
2020 2019 2020 2019
($millions,exceptasindicated) $/bbl $/bbl $/bbl $/bbl
Operatingcosts-non-energy $ (27)$ (4.09)$ (39)$ (4.53)$ (67)$ (4.37)$ (81)$ (4.86)
Operatingcosts-energy (19) (3.00) (15) (1.78) (47) (3.09) (43) (2.55)
Powerrevenue 6 0.95 14 1.65 26 1.68 34 2.02
Netoperatingcosts $ (40)$ (6.14)$ (40)$ (4.66)$ (88)$ (5.78)$ (90)$ (5.39)Averagenaturalgaspurchase
price(C$/mcf) $ 2.11 1.68 $ 2.39 $ 2.35Averagerealizedpowersales
price(C$/Mwh) $ 28.34 55.33 $ 51.67 $ 63.32
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Non-energyoperatingcostsdecreasedforthethreeandsixmonthsendedJune30,2020,comparedtothesameperiods of 2019, primarily as a result of the temporary Canadian EmergencyWage Subsidy ("CEWS") program,salary rollbacks and reductions in staff and consulting costs. The provincial and federal governments haverecognizedtheseriouseconomicimpactsofCOVID-19resultinginthecollapseofoilpricesandtheimpactontheoilandgas industryandhave takensteps toprovidevariousprograms,suchasCEWS.During the threemonthsended June 30, 2020, the Corporationwas able to benefit fromnon-recurring cost reductions, including CEWS,whichoffsetnon-energyoperatingcostsbyapproximately$4million.
Netenergyoperatingcosts increasedforthethreeandsixmonthsendedJune30,2020,comparedtothesameperiodsof2019,predominantlyduetomarketdrivenenergyandpowerprices.TotalnetoperatingcostsforthethreeandsixmonthsendedJune30,2020wereessentiallyflatcomparedtothesameperiodsof2019.
RealizedGainorLossonCommodityRiskManagement
TheCorporationenters intofinancialcommodityriskmanagementcontractsto increasethepredictabilityoftheCorporation'scashflowbymanagingcommoditypricevolatility.
ThreemonthsendedJune30 SixmonthsendedJune30
2020 2019 2020 2019
($millions,exceptasindicated) $/bbl $/bbl $/bbl $/bbl
Realizedgain(loss)oncommodityriskmanagement $ 215 $ 33.62 $ (51)$ (5.94)$ 321 $ 21.06 $ (72)$ (4.32)
RealizedgainsrecognizedoncommodityriskmanagementcontractshavesignificantlyincreasedduringthethreeandsixmonthsendedJune30,2020,comparedtothesameperiodsof2019,duetotheunprecedenteddeclineintheWTIpricecomparedtotheWTIfixedpricecontractsinplace.Realizedlosseswererecognizedduringthethreeand sixmonths ended June 30, 2019. Refer to the commodity riskmanagement discussionwithin the “OTHEROPERATINGRESULTS”sectionofthisMD&Aforfurtherdetails.
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MarketingActivity
ThefollowingtablessummarizetheCorporation’sblendsales,netof transportationandstorageatEdmontonbysalesmarket for the periods noted to assist in understanding the Corporation's marketing portfolio. All per barrel figurespresentedinthissectionoftheMD&AarebasedonUS$perbarrelofblendsalesvolumesunlessotherwiseindicated:
ThreemonthsendedJune30,2020
Edmonton(US$/bbl) USGC(US$/bbl)
TOTAL(US$/bbl)Pipeline Rail Pipeline(3) Rail(US$perbarrelofblendsales,unlessotherwiseindicated)
WTI-benchmark $ 27.85 $ 27.85 $ 27.85 $ — $ 27.85
Differential-WTI:AWBatsalespoint (17.15) (26.01) (3.37) — (12.73)Blendsalesprice 10.70 1.84 24.48 — 15.12
Transportationandstorage(1) (2.08) (13.53) (11.66) — (5.92)
TransportationandstoragefromChristinaLaketoEdmonton(2) 2.08 2.08 2.08 — 2.08
Blendsalesprice,netoftransportation&storageatEdmonton $ 10.70 $ (9.61) $ 14.90 $ — $ 11.28
Totalblendsales-bbls/d 61,344 4,391 35,245 — 100,980%oftotalsales 61% 4% 35% —% 100%
Edmonton(US$/bbl) USGC(US$/bbl)
USGCpremium(US$/bbl)
Averageblendsalespricebylocation $ 10.11 $ 24.48 $ 14.37
Transportationandstorage(1) (2.84) (11.66) (8.82)
TransportationandstoragefromChristinaLaketoEdmonton(2) 2.08 2.08 —
Blendsalesprice,netoftransportation&storageatEdmonton $ 9.35 $ 14.90 $ 5.55
ThreemonthsendedJune30,2019
Edmonton(US$/bbl) USGC(US$/bbl)
TOTAL(US$/bbl)Pipeline Rail Pipeline Rail(US$perbarrelofblendsales,unlessotherwiseindicated)
WTI-benchmark $ 59.82 $ 59.82 $ 59.82 $ 59.82 $ 59.82
Differential-WTI:AWBatsalespoint (13.29) (10.87) 1.48 (0.78) (8.10)
Blendsalesprice 46.53 48.95 61.30 59.04 51.72
Transportationandstorage(1) (1.65) (3.86) (10.28) (26.02) (5.60)
TransportationandstoragefromChristinaLaketoEdmonton(2) 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65
Blendsalesprice,netoftransportation&storageatEdmonton $ 46.53 $ 46.74 $ 52.67 $ 34.67 $ 47.77
Totalblendsales-bbls/d 73,822 16,783 39,855 6,660 137,120
%oftotalsales 54% 12% 29% 5% 100%
Edmonton(US$/bbl) USGC(US$/bbl)
USGCpremium(US$/bbl)
Averageblendsalespricebylocation $ 46.98 $ 60.97 $ 13.99
Transportationandstorage(1) (2.04) (12.53) (10.49)
TransportationandstoragefromChristinaLaketoEdmonton(2) 1.65 1.65 —
Blendsalesprice,netoftransportation&storageatEdmonton $ 46.59 $ 50.09 $ 3.50
(1) Definedastransportationandstorageexpenseslesstransportationrevenue,perbarrelofblendsalesvolumes.Forreference,totaltransportationandstoragecostsperbarrel,basedonbitumensalesvolumes,wereC$11.77perbarrelforthethreemonthsendedJune30,2020comparedtoC$10.80perbarrelforthethreemonthsendedJune30,2019.
(2) IncludesalltransportationandstoragecostsassociatedwithmovingbarrelsofblendfromChristinaLaketoEdmontonsalespoint.(3) Salesfrommarketingassetoptimizationactivitiesarerecognizedintheblendsalespriceandnotasarecoveryoftransportation
andstoragecosts forconsistencywiththefinancialstatements.Theseactivitiescontributed$12milliontoblendrevenue,orUS$2.56perbarrel,totheblendsalespriceattheUSGC.Ifpresentedasatransportationandstoragecostrecovery,transportationandstoragecostsperbarrelattheUSGCwouldbeUS$9.10perbarrelandtheWTI:AWBdifferentialattheUSGCwouldbeUS$5.93perbarrel.
(4) Resultsaretranslatedattheaverageforeignexchangerateof1.3860forthethreemonthsendedJune30,2020and1.3376forthethreemonthsendedJune30,2019.
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SixmonthsendedJune30,2020
Edmonton(US$/bbl) USGC(US$/bbl)
TOTAL(US$/bbl)Pipeline Rail Pipeline(3) Rail(US$perbarrelofblendsales,unlessotherwiseindicated)
WTI-benchmark $ 37.01 $ 37.01 $ 37.01 $ 37.01 $ 37.01
Differential-WTI:AWBatsalespoint (19.84) (15.81) (4.78) 12.65 (15.02)Blendsalesprice 17.17 21.20 32.23 49.66 21.99
Transportationandstorage(1) (1.93) (4.90) (11.34) (24.73) (5.02)
TransportationandstoragefromChristinaLaketoEdmonton(2) 1.93 1.93 1.93 1.82 1.93
Blendsalesprice,netoftransportation&storageatEdmonton $ 17.17 $ 18.23 $ 22.82 $ 26.75 $ 18.90
Totalblendsales-bbls/d 72,150 16,129 32,258 1,143 121,680%oftotalsales 59% 13% 27% 1% 100%
Edmonton(US$/bbl) USGC(US$/bbl)
USGCpremium(US$/bbl)
Averageblendsalespricebylocation $ 17.91 $ 32.83 $ 14.92
Transportationandstorage(1) (2.47) (11.80) (9.33)
TransportationandstoragefromChristinaLaketoEdmonton(2) 1.93 1.93 —
Blendsalesprice,netoftransportation&storageatEdmonton $ 17.37 $ 22.96 $ 5.59
SixmonthsendedJune30,2019
Edmonton(US$/bbl) USGC(US$/bbl)
TOTAL(US$/bbl)Pipeline Rail Pipeline Rail(US$perbarrelofblendsales,unlessotherwiseindicated)
WTI-benchmark $ 57.36 $ 57.36 $ 57.36 $ 57.36 $ 57.36
Differential-WTI:AWBatsalespoint (14.60) (10.18) 1.19 (2.31) (9.20)
Blendsalesprice 42.76 47.18 58.55 55.05 48.16
Transportationandstorage(1) (1.72) (4.14) (10.58) (24.50) (5.68)
TransportationandstoragefromChristinaLaketoEdmonton(2) 1.72 1.72 1.72 1.72 1.72
Blendsalesprice,netoftransportation&storageatEdmonton $ 42.76 $ 44.76 $ 49.69 $ 32.27 $ 44.20
Totalblendsales-bbls/d 77,269 13,459 36,434 7,600 134,762
%oftotalsales 57% 10% 27% 6% 100%
Edmonton(US$/bbl) USGC(US$/bbl)
USGCpremium(US$/bbl)
Averageblendsalespricebylocation $ 43.41 $ 57.94 $ 14.53
Transportationandstorage(1) (2.11) (12.98) (10.87)
TransportationandstoragefromChristinaLaketoEdmonton(2) 1.72 1.72 —
Blendsalesprice,netoftransportation&storageatEdmonton $ 43.02 $ 46.68 $ 3.66
(1) Definedastransportationandstorageexpenseslesstransportationrevenue,perbarrelofblendsalesvolumes.Forreference,totaltransportationandstoragecostsperbarrel,basedonbitumensalesvolumes,wereC$9.96perbarrelforthesixmonthsendedJune30,2020comparedtoC$11.03perbarrelforthesixmonthsendedJune30,2019.
(2) IncludesalltransportationandstoragecostsassociatedwithmovingbarrelsofblendfromChristinaLaketoEdmontonsalespoint.(3) Salesfrommarketingassetoptimizationactivitiesarerecognizedintheblendsalespriceandnotasarecoveryoftransportation
andstoragecosts forconsistencywiththefinancialstatements.Theseactivitiescontributed$15milliontoblendrevenue,orUS$1.80perbarrel,totheblendsalespriceattheUSGC.Ifpresentedasatransportationandstoragecostrecovery,transportationandstoragecostsperbarrelattheUSGCwouldbeUS$9.54perbarrelandtheWTI:AWBdifferentialattheUSGCwouldbeUS$6.58perbarrel.
(4) Resultsaretranslatedattheaverageforeignexchangerateof1.3653forthesixmonthsendedJune30,2020and1.3335forthesixmonthsendedJune30,2019.
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TheCorporation'saccesstotheUSGC,wheresalespricingisnotsubjecttothesamelight:heavyoildifferentialasattheEdmontonmarket,translatedintopremiumsearnedonAWBblendsalesattheUSGCovertheEdmontonmarket ofUS$5.55 per barrel andUS$5.59 per barrel for the three and sixmonths ended June 30, 2020. ThiscomparestopremiumsofUS$3.50perbarrelandUS$3.66perbarrelattheUSGCcomparedtoEdmontonmarketduringthethreeandsixmonthsendedJune30,2019.ThepremiumsrecognizedduringthethreeandsixmonthsendedJune30,2020werehigherthanthesameperiodsof2019primarilyduetothewiderWTI:AWBdifferentialat Edmonton and the suspension of USGC rail during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020. TheCorporationactivelymanagesitssalesstrategytomaximizebenefitsfromlocationdifferentialswhentheyarise.
ExcludingtransportationandstoragecostsupstreamoftheEdmontonmarket,theCorporation'snetAWBblendsalespriceatEdmontonaveragedUS$11.28perbarrelduringthethreemonthsendedJune30,2020comparedtothepostedAWBbenchmarkpriceatEdmontonofUS$14.41perbarrel.ThiswaslargelyaresultofhavinggreatersalesexposuretotheweakerpricedmonthsofAprilandMay2020(approximately110,000bbls/dofAWBblendsales),withreducedvolumessoldinthestrongerpricedmonthofJune2020(approximately84,000bbls/dofAWBblendsales)duetothemajorplannedturnaroundthatbeganinearlyJune2020.
ExcludingtransportationandstoragecostsupstreamoftheEdmontonmarket,theCorporation'sAWBblendsalespriceaveragedUS$18.90perbarrelduringthesixmonthsendedJune30,2020consistentwiththepostedAWBbenchmark price at Edmonton of US$18.90 per barrel. Notwithstanding that EnbridgeMainline apportionmentaveraged32%duringthesixmonthsendedJune30,2020,theCorporationwasabletocapturepricinginlinewiththeEdmontonAWBbenchmarkpriceasaresultofitsmarketingandstorageassetsandtheabilitytomovebarrelstothehigher-pricedUSGCmarket.
Revenue
Revenuerepresents thetotalofpetroleumrevenue, includingsalesof third-partyproductsrelatedtomarketingassetoptimizationactivity,netofroyalties,andotherrevenue.
ThreemonthsendedJune30 SixmonthsendedJune30
($millions) 2020 2019 2020 2019
Salesfrom:
Production $ 181 $ 863 $ 650 $ 1,559
Purchasedproduct(1) 118 199 297 402
Petroleumrevenue $ 299 $ 1,062 $ 947 $ 1,961
Royalties — (18) (6) (21)
Petroleumrevenue,netofroyalties $ 299 $ 1,044 $ 941 $ 1,940
Powerrevenue $ 6 $ 14 $ 26 $ 34
Transportationrevenue 2 3 5 6
Otherrevenue $ 8 $ 17 $ 31 $ 40
Totalrevenues $ 307 $ 1,061 $ 972 $ 1,980
(1) The associated third-party purchases are included in the consolidated statement of earnings (loss) and comprehensiveincome(loss)underthecaption"Purchasedproduct".
DuringthethreeandsixmonthsendedJune30,2020,totalrevenuesdecreased71%and51%,respectively,fromthe same periods of 2019 primarily as a result of the decrease to the average blend sales price driven by thedeclineinWTIprices,thewideningofWTI:AWBdifferentialsandreducedblendsalesvolumes.
17
NetLoss
ThreemonthsendedJune30 SixmonthsendedJune30
($millions,exceptpershareamounts) 2020 2019 2020 2019
Netloss $ (80)$ (64)$ (364)$ (111)
Pershare,diluted $ (0.26)$ (0.21)$ (1.21)$ (0.37)
ThenetlossforthethreemonthsendedJune30,2020reflectsalowercashoperatingnetbackcomparedtothesameperiodof2019aswellasanunrealizedlossoncommodityriskmanagementcontractsof$267millionandanunrealized gainon foreign exchangeof $114million. Thenet loss for the sixmonths ended June30, 2020 alsoreflectsalowercashoperatingnetbackcomparedtothesameperiodof2019aswellasanexplorationexpenseof$366millionandanunrealizedlossonforeignexchangeof$153million,partiallyoffsetbyanunrealizedgainoncommodityriskmanagementcontractsof$161million.
Comparatively,thenetlossinthethreemonthsendedJune30,2019reflectsanaccelerateddepreciationexpenseof$237millionandanexplorationexpenseof$58million,partiallyoffsetbyunrealizedgainsoncommodityriskmanagementcontractsandforeignexchangeof$87millionand$67million,respectively.Thenet loss inthesixmonthsendedJune30,2019alsoreflectsthe$237millionaccelerateddepreciationexpenseandanunrealizedlossoncommodityriskmanagementcontractsof$122million,partiallyoffsetbyanunrealizedforeignexchangegainof$145million.
CapitalExpenditures
ThreemonthsendedJune30 SixmonthsendedJune30
($millions) 2020 2019(1) 2020 2019(1)
Sustainingandmaintenance $ 10 $ 19 $ 50 $ 41
Turnaround 10 — 10 —
Phase2Bbrownfieldexpansion — 7 14 20
eMVAPEX — 5 — 12
Fieldinfrastructure,corporateandother — 1 — 12
$ 20 $ 32 $ 74 $ 85(1) Certain prior year costs have been reclassified for consistencywith the Corporation's Phase 2B brownfield development
plan.
ThedecreaseincapitalspendingforthethreeandsixmonthsendedJune30,2020,comparedtothesameperiodsof2019,reflectstheCorporation'sdecisiontoreducecapitalspendinginthefirsthalfof2020duetotheeconomicinstabilitycreatedbyCOVID-19.CapitalexpendituresduringthethreeandsixmonthsendedJune30,2020wereprimarilydirectedtowardssustainingandmaintenanceactivitiesincludingtheturnaroundthatbeganinearlyJune2020.Phase2Bbrownfieldexpansionexpendituresarecurrentlysuspendeduntilprojecteconomicsimprove.
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4. OUTLOOK
OnMay4,2020,theCorporationsuspendedfullyear2020productionguidanceduetotheglobalcrudeoilpriceenvironment at that time which was experiencing multi-decade lows coupled with extreme levels of volatilitydrivenbytheunprecedenteddemandshockduetoCOVID-19.
Since that time, crudeoil price levels and volatility have stabilized to a level that allows theCorporation to re-instatefullyearproductionguidancewhichisnowtargetedat78,000–80,000bbls/d.Comparedtotheoriginalguidanceof94,000–97,000bbls/dannouncedNovember21,2019,approximatelyhalfofthedifferenceisduetotheimpactofthescheduled70-daymajorturnaroundattheChristinaLakePhase1and2facilitiesannouncedMay4, 2020. The remainder of the difference results from a combination of previously disclosed weather-relatedproduction impacts in the first quarter of 2020, voluntary price-related production curtailments in the secondquarter of 2020 and the impact of reduced well capital in 2020, which made up approximately 75% of thecombined$100millionreductionincapitalspendingannouncedonMarch10andMay4of2020.
Guidance for non-energyoperating costs, general and administrative expense ("G&A") and capital expendituresremainsunchangedfromtherevisedguidanceannouncedMay4,2020.
Summaryof2020Guidance
Production(fullyear2020average) 78,000-80,000bbls/d
Non-energyoperatingcost $140-$150million
G&Aexpense $52.5-$55million
Capitalexpenditures $150million
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5. BUSINESSENVIRONMENT
The following table shows industry commodity pricing information and foreign exchange rates for the periodsnotedtoassistinunderstandingtheimpactofcommoditypricesandforeignexchangeratesontheCorporation’sfinancialresults:
SixmonthsendedJune30 2020 2019
2020 2019 Q2 Q1 Q4 Q3 Q2 Q1AverageBenchmarkCommodityPricesCrudeoilpricesBrent(US$/bbl) 42.13 66.11 33.30 50.95 62.50 61.97 68.32 63.90WTI(US$/bbl) 37.01 57.36 27.85 46.17 56.96 56.45 59.82 54.90
Differential–WTI:WCS–Edmonton(US$/bbl) (16.00) (11.48) (11.47) (20.53) (15.83) (12.24) (10.67) (12.29)Differential–WTI:AWB–Edmonton(US$/bbl) (18.11) (13.42) (13.44) (22.78) (18.44) (14.52) (12.32) (14.50)AWB–Edmonton(US$/bbl) 18.90 43.94 14.41 23.39 38.52 41.93 47.50 40.40
Differential–WTI:AWB–U.S.GulfCoast(US$/bbl) (6.52) 0.38 (7.29) (5.74) (5.25) (2.50) 1.64 (0.89)AWB–U.S.GulfCoast(US$/bbl) 30.49 57.74 20.56 40.43 51.71 53.95 61.46 54.01
CondensatepricesCondensateatEdmonton(C$/bbl) 46.24 71.00 30.72 61.76 70.01 68.73 74.76 67.25CondensateatEdmontonas%ofWTI 91.5% 92.8% 79.6% 99.5% 93.1% 92.2% 93.4% 92.1%CondensateatMontBelvieu,Texas(US$/bbl) 28.35 49.27 17.43 39.27 50.08 44.34 50.22 48.31CondensateatMontBelvieu,Texasas%ofWTI 76.6% 85.9% 62.6% 85.1% 87.9% 78.5% 84.0% 88.0%NaturalgaspricesAECO(C$/mcf) 2.23 1.99 2.21 2.26 2.70 0.95 1.12 2.86ElectricpowerpricesAlbertapowerpool(C$/MWh) 48.16 63.55 29.94 66.38 47.07 46.95 56.37 70.73ForeignexchangeratesC$equivalentof1US$–average 1.3653 1.3335 1.3860 1.3445 1.3201 1.3207 1.3376 1.3293C$equivalentof1US$–periodend 1.3616 1.3091 1.3616 1.4120 1.2965 1.3244 1.3091 1.3360
BeginninginearlyMarch2020andcontinuingintothesecondquarterof2020,marketconditionsprecipitatedbyCOVID-19, and subsequentmeasures intended to limit the outbreak globally, contributed to an unprecedentedimpactonglobalcommodityprices.Withreducedcrudeoildemandandexcesssupply,thepriceofcrudeoilandotherpetroleumproductsdeterioratedsignificantlyduringthefirsthalfof2020andalthoughtherehasbeenanimprovementinthestabilityoftheglobaloilmarketneartheendofJuneandintoJuly,thereremainsuncertaintyregardingtheongoingimpactofCOVID-19onglobalcommodityprices.
These events and conditions have also caused a significant decrease in the valuation of oil and natural gascompanies. These difficulties have been exacerbated in Canada by actions resulting in uncertainty surroundingregulatory,tax,royaltychangesandenvironmentalregulation. Inaddition,thedifficultiesencounteredtoobtainthe necessary approvals on a timely basis to build pipelines, liquefied natural gas plants and other facilities toprovide better access tomarkets for the oil and natural gas industry in western Canada has led to additionaldownwardpricepressureonoilandnaturalgasproducedinwesternCanada.
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CrudeOilPrices
Brentcrudeistheprimaryworldpricebenchmarkforgloballightsweetcrudeoil.ThepriceofWTIisthecurrentbenchmark for mid-continent North American crude oil prices, at Cushing Oklahoma, and its Canadian dollarequivalentisthebasisfordeterminingtheroyaltyrateontheCorporation'sbitumensales.
WCS is a blend of heavy oils, consisting of heavy conventional crude oils and bitumen, blended with sweetsynthetic,lightcrudeoilorcondensate.WCStypicallytradesatadifferentialbelowtheWTIbenchmarkprice.TheWCSbenchmarkatEdmontonreflectsheavyoilpricesatHardisty,Alberta.
TheCorporation sells AWB, an oil similar toWCS, but generally priced at a discount to theWCSbenchmark atEdmonton,withthediscountdependentonboththequalitydifferentialbetweenAWBandWCSandthesupply/demand fundamentals for oil in Western Canada. AWB is also sold at the USGC and is sold at a discount orpremiumtoWTIdependentonthesupply/demandfundamentalsforoilintheUSGCregion.
OnDecember3,2018theGovernmentofAlbertaenactedrulestoenableatemporarycurtailmentofcrudeoilandbitumenproduction.TheCurtailmentRulescameintoforceonJanuary1,2019,andareinplaceuntilDecember31,2020,withpossibleearliertermination.TheCurtailmentRulesgivetheProvincetheauthoritytomakeanorderto set themaximumcombinedprovincialproductionamountof crudeoil andbitumenonamonthlybasis. Thelimitismonitoredcloselyandadjustedtomatchexportcapacityoutoftheprovince.
OnOctober31,2019theGovernmentofAlbertaSpecialProductionAllowanceprogramwasenactedtogivecrudeoil andbitumenproducers temporary curtailment relief equal to incremental increases in rail shipments. On amonthlybasis,operatorscanapplytoincreaseoilproductionifadditionalproductismovedbynewrailcapacityoutoftheprovince.
CondensatePrices
Inordertofacilitatepipelinetransportationofbitumen,theCorporationusescondensateasdiluentforblendingwiththeCorporation’sbitumen.TheCorporationsourcesitscondensatefromtheEdmontonarea,butduetohighdemand for condensate in the Edmonton market, the Corporation also purchases condensate from the USGCmarketwherepricing isgenerally lower. TheCorporation'scommitteddiluentpurchasesat theUSGCreferencebenchmarkpricingatMontBelvieu, Texas. TheCorporation'sperbarrel costof condensate sourced fromMontBelvieu,Texas includednet transportationcostsofapproximatelyUS$6.16perbarrelandUS$6.13perbarrel tomovetheproduct fromMontBelvieutotheEdmontonareaforthethreeandsixmonthsendedJune30,2020,respectively.
NaturalGasPrices
Natural gas is a primary energy input cost for theCorporation, used as fuel to generate steam for the thermalproductionprocessandtocreatesteamandelectricity fromtheCorporation'scogeneration facilities.TheAECOnaturalgaspriceincreasedduringthethreeandsixmonthsendedJune30,2020comparedtothesameperiodsof2019duetolowgasstorageinventories.
ElectricPowerPrices
Electric power prices impact the price that the Corporation receives on the sale of surplus power from theCorporation’s cogeneration facilities. The Alberta power pool price decreased during the three and sixmonthsendedJune30,2020comparedtothesameperiodsof2019primarilyasaresultofanoversupplyofgenerationintheprovince.
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6. OTHEROPERATINGRESULTS
DepletionandDepreciation
ThreemonthsendedJune30 SixmonthsendedJune30
($millions) 2020 2019 2020 2019
Depletionanddepreciationexpense $ 93$ 365$ 217$ 480
Depletionanddepreciationexpenseperbarrelofproduction $ 13.55$ 41.22$ 14.25$ 28.76
Depletion and depreciation expense was impacted by one-time charges as the Corporation narrows itsdevelopmentfocustocoreassetsatChristinaLake.TheCorporationincurredanaccelerateddepreciationexpenseof$13million,or$0.86perbarrel,duringthesixmonthsendedJune30,2020comparedto$237million,or$14.20perbarrel,forthesixmonthsendedJune30,2019.Theaccelerateddepreciationexpensein2019wasrecognizedon equipment, materials and engineering costs associated with greenfield expansion projects and a partialupgradingtechnologyproject.
Excludingone-timecharges,depletionanddepreciationexpensewas$13.55perbarreland$13.39perbarrelforthethreeandsixmonthsendedJune30,2020,respectively,comparedto$14.44perbarreland$14.56perbarrelforthethreeandsixmonthsendedJune30,2019.
ExplorationExpense
ThreemonthsendedJune30 SixmonthsendedJune30
($millions) 2020 2019 2020 2019
Explorationexpense $ — 58 $ 366 58
Duringthefirstquarterof2020,theCorporationdiscontinuedexplorationandevaluationactivitiesincertainnon-core growth properties and as such the associated land lease and evaluation costs totaling $366million werechargedtoexplorationexpenseduring thesixmonthsendedJune30,2020comparedto$58millionduring thesame period of 2019. This is a result of focusing on the development of core assets to manage the businessthroughanunpredictableglobaldownturnofunknownduration.
CommodityRiskManagementGain(Loss)
TheCorporationenters intofinancialcommodityriskmanagementcontractsto increasethepredictabilityoftheCorporation's cash flowbymanaging commodity price volatility. The Corporation has not designated any of itscommodity risk management contracts as hedges for accounting purposes. All financial commodity riskmanagement contracts have been recorded at fair value,with all changes in fair value recognized through netearnings (loss). Realized gains or losses on financial commodity risk management contracts are the result ofcontract settlements during the period. Unrealized gains or losses on financial commodity risk managementcontracts represent the change in the mark-to-market position of the unsettled commodity risk managementcontractsduringtheperiod.
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ThreemonthsendedJune30 SixmonthsendedJune30
($millions) 2020 2019 2020 2019
Realized:
Crudeoilcontracts(1) $ 226 $ (44)$ 335 $ (62)
Condensatecontracts(2) (11) (7) (14) (10)
Realizedcommodityriskmanagementgain(loss) $ 215 $ (51)$ 321 $ (72)
Unrealized:
Crudeoilcontracts(1) $ (323)$ 91 $ 117 $ (112)
Condensatecontracts(2) 56 (4) 44 (10)
Unrealizedcommodityriskmanagementgain(loss) $ (267)$ 87 $ 161 $ (122)
Commodityriskmanagementgain(loss) $ (52)$ 36 $ 482 $ (194)
(1) IncludesWTIfixedpricecontracts,WTIoptions,WTI:WCSfixeddifferentialcontractsandWTI:WCS(USGC)fixeddifferentialcontracts.
(2) RelatestocondensatepurchasecontractsthateffectivelyfixcondensatepricesatMontBelvieu,TexasrelativetoWTI.
DuringthethreemonthsendedJune30,2020,a$215millioncommodityriskmanagementgainwasrealizedonsettled commodity riskmanagement contracts significantly insulating the Corporation's cash operating netbackfromthevolatilecommoditymarket,particularlycrudeoilprices.Thefairvalueofcommodityriskmanagementcontractswhich settle in futureperiodswas reducedas forwardpriceshad improvedat theendof the secondquarterof2020,comparedtoforwardpricesattheendofthefirstquarterof2020.ForwardWTIpricesincreasedandWTI:WCSdifferentialsnarrowedrelativetocontractedpricesresultingina$267millionunrealizedcommodityriskmanagementlossduringthesecondquarterof2020.
ForthesixmonthsendedJune30,2020,theCorporationrecognizeda$482millionnetgainfromcommodityriskmanagementprimarilydue toweakeningWTIprices relative to contractedprices. This compareswith the$194million net loss from commodity risk management for the six months ended June 30, 2019, whenWTI pricesincreasedandWTI:WCSdifferentialsnarrowedrelativetocontractedprices.
The realized commodity risk management gain (loss) represents actual contract settlements over the periodspresented.The following tableprovides furtherdetails regarding the realizedcommodity riskmanagementgain(loss):
ThreemonthsendedJune30 SixmonthsendedJune30
(US$/bbl) 2020 2019 2020 2019
WTIfixedpricecontracts:
Averagefixedprice $ 56.75 $ 63.96 $ 57.74 $ 64.14
Averagesettlementprice 27.85 60.17 37.01 57.53
Gain(loss)onWTIfixedpricecontracts $ 28.90 $ 3.79 $ 20.73 $ 6.61
WTI:WCSfixeddifferentialcontracts:
Averagefixeddifferential $ (18.67)$ (21.82)$ (19.85)$ (22.48)
Averagesettlementdifferential (11.47) (10.68) (16.00) (11.49)
Gain(loss)onWTI:WCSfixeddifferentialcontracts $ (7.20)$ (11.14)$ (3.85)$ (10.99)
Condensatepurchasecontracts:
Averagefixeddifferential(1) $ (5.81)$ (5.66)$ (5.59)$ (5.11)
Averagesettlementdifferential (10.47) (9.59) (8.69) (8.09)
Gain(loss)oncondensatepurchasecontracts $ (4.66)$ (3.93)$ (3.10)$ (2.98)
(1) CondensatepurchasecontractseitherfixtheWTI:condensatedifferentialatMontBelvieu,TexasrelativetoWTIorfixthecondensatepriceasa%ofWTI.
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GeneralandAdministrative
ThreemonthsendedJune30 SixmonthsendedJune30
($millions) 2020 2019 2020 2019
Generalandadministrativeexpense $ 9$ 16$ 25$ 34
Generalandadministrativeexpenseperbarrelofproduction $ 1.29$ 1.81$ 1.66$ 2.03
Generalandadministrativeexpensedecreased44%and26%forthethreeandsixmonthsendedJune30,2020,respectively,comparedtothesameperiodsof2019,primarilyasaresultofthetemporaryCEWS,salaryrollbacksandreductionsinstaffandconsultingcosts.DuringthethreemonthsendedJune30,2020,theCorporationwasabletobenefitfromnon-recurringcostreductions, includingCEWS,whichoffsetG&Acostsbyapproximately$3million.
DuringthethreemonthsendedJune30,2020,adecisionwasmadetorollbacksalariesacrosstheCorporation,with an emphasis on Board, executive and senior leader compensation. Effective June 1, 2020, base cashcompensationforBoardmemberswasreducedby25%.ThePresidentandChiefExecutiveOfficerhadhisannualbasesalaryreducedby25%,theChiefOperatingOfficerandChiefFinancialOfficereachtooka15%annualbasesalary reduction, vicepresidents receiveda12%annualbase salary rollbackandallotheremployees receiveda7.5%annualbasesalaryrollback.
Stock-basedCompensation
ThreemonthsendedJune30 SixmonthsendedJune30
($millions) 2020 2019 2020 2019
Cash-settledexpense(recovery) $ 9 $ 5 $ (9)$ (5)
Equity-settledexpense 2 11 7 16
Equitypriceriskmanagementgain(1) $ (19)$ — $ (20)$ —
Stock-basedcompensation $ (8)$ 16 $ (22)$ 11
(1) RelatestofinancialderivativesenteredintotomanagetheCorporation'sexposuretocash-settledRSUsandPSUsvestingin2021, 2022 and 2023 granted under the Corporation's stock-based compensation plans. Amounts are unrealized untilvestingoftherelatedunitsoccurs.SeeRiskManagementsectionofthisMD&Aforfurtherdetails.
TheCorporation'scommonsharepricerecoveredto$3.77pershareasatJune30,2020,fromitsvalueof$1.67pershareasatMarch31,2020,resultingina$9millioncash-settledstock-basedcompensationexpenseduringthethreemonthsendedJune30,2020.
DuringthesixmonthsendedJune30,2020,theCorporation'scommonsharepricedecreased49%to$3.77pershareasatJune30,2020fromitsvalueof$7.39pershareonDecember31,2019primarilyduetotheimpactofCOVID-19oncapitalmarketswhichresultedina$9millioncash-settledstock-basedcompensationrecovery.
Equity-settledstock-basedcompensationexpensedecreased for thethreeandsixmonthsendedJune30,2020,comparedtothesameperiodsof2019,duetoadecreaseinthefairvalueofawardsgrantedinthecurrentperiodandrecoveriesasaresultofreductionsinstaff.EffectiveApril1,2020,adecisionwasmadetoreducethevalueoftarget2020long-termincentiveawardsissuedtoemployeesanddirectorsby20%.
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ForeignExchangeGain(Loss),Net
ThreemonthsendedJune30 SixmonthsendedJune30
($millions) 2020 2019 2020 2019
Unrealizedforeignexchangegain(loss)on:
Long-termdebt $ 116 $ 74 $ (162)$ 154
US$denominatedcashandcashequivalents (2) (7) 9 (9)
Unrealizednetgain(loss)onforeignexchange 114 67 (153) 145
Realizedgain(loss)onforeignexchange 2 2 (1) 3
Foreignexchangegain(loss),net $ 116 $ 69 $ (154)$ 148
C$equivalentof1US$
Beginningofperiod 1.4120 1.3360 1.2965 1.3646
Endofperiod 1.3616 1.3091 1.3616 1.3091
DuringthethreemonthsendedJune30,2020,theCanadiandollarstrengthenedrelativetotheU.S.dollarby4%,resultinginanunrealizedforeignexchangegainof$114million.DuringthethreemonthsendedJune30,2019,theCanadiandollarstrengthenedby2%,resultinginanunrealizedforeignexchangegainof$67million.
During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Canadian dollar weakened relative to the U.S. dollar by 5%,resultinginanunrealizedforeignexchangelossof$153million.DuringthesixmonthsendedJune30,2019,theCanadiandollarstrengthenedby4%,resultinginanunrealizedforeignexchangegainof$145million.
NetFinanceExpense
ThreemonthsendedJune30 SixmonthsendedJune30
($millions) 2020 2019 2020 2019
Interestexpenseonlong-termdebt $ 60 $ 69 $ 124 $ 141
Interestexpenseonleaseliabilities 7 7 13 13
Interestincome — (2) (2) (3)
Netinterestexpense 67 74 135 151
Accretiononprovisions 2 1 4 4 Unrealizedlossonderivativefinancialliabilities — 1 — —
Netfinanceexpense $ 69 $ 76 $ 139 $ 155
Averageeffectiveinterestrate 7.0% 6.6% 6.9% 6.6%
AsaresultoftheseniorsecuredtermloanrepaymentinJuly2019andpartialredemptionsontheCorporation'sseniorsecuredsecondliennotesandseniorunsecurednotesduringthesecondhalfof2019andthefirstquarterof2020,netfinanceexpenseforthethreeandsixmonthsendedJune30,2020decreased,comparedtothesameperiodsof2019.
IncomeTax
ThreemonthsendedJune30 SixmonthsendedJune30
($millions) 2020 2019 2020 2019
Incometaxexpense(recovery) $ (62) $ 12 $ (64) $ (34)
Effectivetaxrate 43% (23)% 15% 23%
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AsatJune30,2020,theCorporationhadapproximately$7.2billionofavailableCanadiantaxpoolsandrecognizedadeferredincometaxassetof$325million.Estimatedfuturetaxableincomeisexpectedtobesufficienttorealizethedeferredincometaxasset.
Theeffectivetaxrateof15%forthesixmonthsendedJune30,2020islowerthantheCanadianstatutoryrateof25%duetothetaxeffectofrealizedandunrealizedforeignexchangelossesontheCorporation'sdebt.
During the three months ended June 30, 2019, the Government of Alberta enacted legislation to reduce thecorporatetaxratefrom12%to8%byJanuary1,2022.Asaresult,theCorporationrecognizedaone-timedeferredincometaxexpenseof$34millionassociatedwiththeratereduction,astheratechangereducedthevalueoftheCorporation'sdeferredtaxassetasat June30,2019.Accelerationof theratechangeto8%by July1,2020wasannouncedduringthesecondquarterof2020andhadnofurtherimpactgiventheCorporation'staxhorizon.TheCorporationdoesnotexpecttopayCanadianincometaxesduringthenextfiveyears.
7. LIQUIDITYANDCAPITALRESOURCES
($millions) June30,2020 December31,2019
SecondLien:
6.5%seniorsecuredsecondliennotes(June30,2020-US$496million;December31,2019-US$596million;due2025) $ 675 $ 773
Unsecured:
7.0%seniorunsecurednotes(June30,2020-US$600million;December31,2019-US$1billion;due2024) 817 1,297
7.125%seniorunsecurednotes(June30,2020-US$1.2billion;December31,2019-US$nil;due2027) 1,634 —
6.375%seniorunsecurednotes(June30,2020-US$nil;December31,2019-US$800million;due2023) — 1,037
Less:
Debtredemptionpremium — 29
Unamortizeddeferreddebtdiscountanddebtissuecosts (30) (13)
Long-termdebt 3,096 3,123
Cashandcashequivalents (120) (206)
Netdebt(1) $ 2,976 $ 2,917
(1) Net debt is reconciled to long-term debt in accordance with IFRS in Note 20 of the interim consolidated financialstatements.
DuringthesixmonthsendedJune30,2020netdebtincreasedby$59millionduetothedecreaseincashandcashequivalents and the weakening of the Canadian dollar relative to the US dollar, partially offset by the partialredemptionofits6.5%seniorsecuredsecondliennotes.
On January 31, 2020 the Corporation successfully closed a private offering of $1.6 billion (US$1.2 billion) inaggregateprincipalamountof7.125%seniorunsecurednotesdueFebruary2027.OnFebruary18,2020,thenetproceedsoftheoffering,togetherwithcashonhand,wereusedto:
• Fully redeem $1 billion (US$800million) of the 6.375% senior unsecured notes due January 2023 at aredemptionpriceof101.063%;
• Partially redeem $530million (US$400million) of the US$1.0 billion 7.0% senior unsecured notes dueMarch2024ataredemptionpriceof102.333%;and
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• Payfeesandexpensesrelatedtotheoffering.
Concurrent with the private offering, on February 18, 2020, the Corporation redeemed $132 million (US$100million) in aggregate principal amount of its 6.5% senior secured second lien notes due January 2025 at aredemptionpriceof104.875%.
Intotal,$180millionofcashonhandwasusedtofundthepartialredemptionofthesecondliennotes,tofundthecallpremiumsassociatedwiththeredemptionofthe2023and2024notes,andtopaydebtissuecostsassociatedwiththetransactions.
The Corporation's cash and cash equivalents balance was $120million as at June 30, 2020 compared to $206millionasatDecember31,2019.Adjustedfundsflowof$166millionduringthesixmonthsendedJune30,2020wasmore than offset by the repayment of debt and capital expenditures. Refer to the "Cash Flow Summary"sectionforfurtherdetails.
TheCorporationhastotalavailablecreditundertwofacilitiesof$1.3billion,comprisedof$800millionundertherevolvingcreditfacilityand$500millionunderaletterofcreditfacilityguaranteedbyExportDevelopmentCanada("EDCFacility").LettersofcreditundertheEDCfacilitydonotconsumecapacityoftherevolvingcreditfacility.Therevolving credit facility and the EDC Facility have a maturity date of July 30, 2024. The maturity dates of therevolvingcreditfacilityandtheEDCFacilityincludeafeaturethatwouldcausethematuritydatestospringbackto91dayspriortothematuritydateofcertainmaterialdebtoftheCorporationifsuchdebthasnotbeenrepaidorrefinancedprior tosuchdate.Therevolvingcredit facility,EDC facilityandseniorsecuredsecond liennotesaresecuredbysubstantiallyalltheassetsoftheCorporation.
The Corporation continues to proactively respond to the current business environment. The Corporationimplementedadditionalmeasures inthefirstquarterof2020toenhance its financial liquidityposition includingthe reductionof planned capital spendingby$100million, non-energyoperating costs by$20million andG&Acosts by $10million, versus original guidance.Meeting current and future obligations through the uncertaintyassociatedwithCOVID-19issupportedbytheCorporation'sfinancialframeworkincludingastrongcommodityriskmanagementprogramsecuringcashflowthrough2020andcreditriskmanagementpoliciesminimizingexposurerelatedtocustomerreceivablesprimarilytoinvestmentgradecustomersintheenergyindustry.TheCorporation'searliest maturing long-term debt is approximately four years out, represented by US$600 million of seniorunsecured notes due March 2024. None of the Corporation’s outstanding long-term debt contain financialmaintenancecovenants.Additionally,theCorporation'smodifiedcovenant-lite$800millionrevolvingcreditfacilityhasnofinancialmaintenancecovenantunlessdrawninexcessof$400million.Ifdrawninexcessof$400million,theCorporation isrequiredtomaintainaquarterlyfirst liennet leverageratio(first liennetdebtto lasttwelve-monthEBITDA)of3.5orless.UndertheCorporation'screditfacility,firstliennetdebtiscalculatedasdebtunderthecreditfacilityplusotherdebtthatissecuredonaparipassubasiswiththecreditfacility,lesscashonhand.
AsatJune30,2020,theCorporationhad$785millionofunutilizedcapacityunderthe$800millionrevolvingcreditfacilityandtheCorporationhad$63millionofunutilizedcapacityunderthe$500millionEDCfacility.Aletterofcredit of $15millionwas issued under the revolving credit facility during the sixmonths ended June 30, 2020.Letters of credit issuedunder the revolving credit facility arenot included in first liennet debt for purposesofcalculatingthefirstliennetleverageratio.
Managementbelieves itscurrentcapitalresourcesanditsabilitytomanagecashflowandworkingcapital levelswill allow the Corporation tomeet its current and future obligations, tomake scheduled principal and interestpayments,andtofundtheotherneedsofthebusinessforatleastthenext12months.However,noassurancecanbegiventhatthiswillbethecaseorthatfuturesourcesofcapitalwillnotbenecessary.TheCorporation'scashflowandthedevelopmentofprojectsaredependentonfactorsdiscussed inthe"RISKFACTORS"sectionofthisMD&A.
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CashFlowSummary
ThreemonthsendedJune30 SixmonthsendedJune30
($millions) 2020 2019 2020 2019
Netcashprovidedby(usedin):
Operatingactivities $ 117 $ 302 $ 216 $ 233
Investingactivities (50) (41) (109) (125)
Financingactivities (7) (9) (203) (17)
Effectofexchangeratechangesoncashandcashequivalentsheldinforeigncurrency (2) (7) 10 (10)
Changeincashandcashequivalents $ 58 $ 245 $ (86)$ 81
CashFlow–OperatingActivities
The decrease in net cash provided by operating activities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020comparedtothesameperiodsof2019isprimarilyduetodecreasedblendsalesasaresultof lowerbenchmarkcrudeoilpricesanddecreasedblendsalesvolumes,partiallyoffsetbyrealizedcommodityriskmanagementgains.
CashFlow–InvestingActivities
NetcashusedininvestingactivitiesincreasedduringthethreemonthsendedJune30,2020comparedtothesameperiodof2019reflectingtimingofworkingcapitalchanges.
NetcashusedininvestingactivitiesdecreasedduringthesixmonthsendedJune30,2020comparedtothesameperiodof2019whichalignswiththeCorporation'sreducedcapitalspending.
CashFlow–FinancingActivities
NetcashusedinfinancingactivitiesincreasedduringthesixmonthsendedJune30,2020comparedtothesameperiodof2019primarilyduetotheredemptionofaportionofthe6.5%seniorsecuredsecondliennotestotaling$132million(US$100million).Also,debtredemptionpremiumsandotherrefinancingcostswereincurredrelatedtotheJanuary31,2020refinancing.
8. RISKMANAGEMENT
CommodityPriceRiskManagement
Tomitigate theCorporation’s exposure to fluctuations in commodityprices, theCorporationperiodically entersinto financial commodity risk management contracts to partially manage its exposure on blend sales andcondensate purchases. The Corporation also periodically enters into physical delivery contracts which are notconsidered financial instruments and therefore no asset or liability has been recognized in the ConsolidatedBalanceSheetrelatedtothesecontracts.TheimpactofrealizedphysicaldeliverycontractpricesisincludedintheConsolidatedStatementofEarnings(Loss)andComprehensiveIncome(Loss)andincashoperatingnetback.
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TheCorporationhadthefollowingfinancialcommodityriskmanagementcontractsrelatingtocrudeoilsalesandcondensatepurchasesoutstandingasatJune30,2020:
AsatJune30,2020Volumes(bbls/d)(1) Term
AveragePrice(US$/bbl)(1)
CrudeOilSalesContracts
WTIFixedPrice 47,042 Jul1,2020-Dec31,2020 $47.70
WTI:WCSFixedDifferential 24,500 Jul1,2020-Dec31,2020 $(20.46)
WTI:WCS(USGC)FixedDifferential 1,000 Aug1,2020-Aug31,2020 $(3.95)
EnhancedFixedPricewithSoldPutOption
WTIFixedPrice/SoldPutOptionStrikePrice 20,685 Jul1,2020-Dec31,2020 $59.22/$52.00
CondensatePurchaseContracts
WTI:MontBelvieuFixedDifferential 7,250 Jul1,2020-Dec31,2020 $(7.63)
WTI:MontBelvieuFixedDifferential 10,950 Jan1,2021-Dec31,2021 $(10.37)
WTI:MontBelvieuFixedDifferential 200 Jan1,2022-Dec31,2022 $(11.30)
WTI:MontBelvieuFixed%ofWTI 7,750 Jul1,2020-Dec31,2020 93.1%
(1) Thevolumes,pricesandpercentagesintheabovetablerepresentaveragesforvariouscontractswithdifferingtermsandprices. The average price and percentages for the portfolio may not have the same payment profile as the individualcontractsandareprovidedforindicativepurposes.
TheCorporationentered intothefollowingfinancialcommodityriskmanagementcontractsrelatingtocrudeoilsalesbetweenJune30,2020andJuly27,2020:
SubsequenttoJune30,2020Volumes(bbls/d)(1) Term
AveragePrice(US$/bbl)(1)
CrudeOilSales(Purchase)Contracts
WTIFixedPrice 25,250 Aug1,2020-Aug31,2020 $40.57
WTIFixedPrice 6,370 Oct1,2020-Dec31,2020 $41.45
(1) The volumes and prices in the above table represent averages for various contractswith differing terms and prices. Theaveragepriceandpercentagesfortheportfoliomaynothavethesamepaymentprofileastheindividualcontractsandareprovidedforindicativepurposes.
Thefollowingtablesummarizesthesensitivityofcashoperatingnetback,adjustedfundsflowandearnings(loss)before income tax of fluctuating commodity prices on the Corporation’s open financial commodity riskmanagementpositionsinplaceasatJune30,2020:
Commodity SensitivityRange Increase Decrease
Crudeoilcommodityprice ±US$5.00perbblappliedtoWTIcontracts $ (63)$ 60
Crudeoildifferentialprice(1) ±US$5.00perbblappliedtoWTI:WCSdifferentialcontracts $ 31 $ (31)
(1) AstheWCSdifferentialisexpressedasadiscounttoWTI,anincreaseinthedifferentialresultsinalowerWCSpriceandadecreaseinthedifferentialresultsinahigherWCSprice.
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The Corporation had the following physical commodity risk management contracts relating to crude oil sales,condensatepurchasesandnaturalgaspurchasesoutstandingasatJune30,2020:
AsatJune30,2020Volumes(bbls/d)(1) Term
AveragePrice(US$/bbl)(1)
CrudeOilSalesContracts
WTI:AWBFixedDifferential 13,150 Jul1,2020-Dec31,2020 (20.75)
WTI:AWBFixedDifferentialatUSGC 11,370 Jul1,2020-Sep30,2020 (4.11)
CondensatePurchaseContracts
WTI:CondensateFixedDifferential 8,200 Jul1,2020-Dec31,2020 (5.31)
(1) Thevolumesandprices in theabove table representaverages forvariouscontractswithdiffering termsandprices.Theaverage price for the portfoliomay not have the same payment profile as the individual contracts and is provided forindicativepurposes.
EquityPriceRiskManagement
TheCorporationentersintofinancialequitypriceriskmanagementcontractstoincreasethepredictabilityoftheCorporation's cash flow by managing share price volatility. Equity price risk is the risk that changes in theCorporation’sownshareprice impactearningsandcashflows.Earningsandfundsflowfromoperatingactivitiesare impacted when outstanding cash-settled RSUs and PSUs, issued under the Corporation's stock-basedcompensationplans,arerevaluedeachperiodbasedontheCorporation’sshareprice.Netcashprovidedby(usedin) operating activities is impacted when these stock-based compensation units are ultimately settled. TheCorporationentersintotheseequitypriceriskmanagementcontractstomanageitsexposureonapproximately9millioncash-settledRSUsandPSUsvestingbetween2021and2023.
9. SHARESOUTSTANDING
AsatJune30,2020,theCorporationhadthefollowingsharecapitalinstrumentsoutstandingorexercisable:
(millions) Units
Commonshares 302.6
Convertiblesecurities
Stockoptions(1) 5.3
Equity-settledRSUsandPSUs 7.3
(1) 4.6millionstockoptionswereexercisableasatJune30,2020.
Asat July25,2020, theCorporationhad302.6millioncommonshares,5.3millionstockoptionsand7.0millionequity-settledrestrictedshareunitsandequity-settledperformanceshareunitsoutstanding,and4.6millionstockoptionsexercisable.
10. CONTRACTUALOBLIGATIONS,COMMITMENTSANDCONTINGENCIES
ContractualObligationsandCommitments
Theinformationpresentedinthetablebelowreflectsmanagement’sestimateofthecontractualmaturitiesoftheCorporation’sobligationsasatJune30,2020.Thesematuritiesmaydiffersignificantlyfromtheactualmaturitiesof theseobligations. Inparticular,debtunder theseniorsecuredcredit facilities, theseniorsecuredsecond liennotes,and the seniorunsecurednotesmaybe retiredearlierdue tomandatoryordiscretionary repaymentsorredemptions.
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($millions) 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Thereafter TotalCommitments:Transportationandstorage(1) $ 215 $ 436 $ 425 $ 467 $ 452 $ 6,046 $ 8,041Diluentpurchases 70 22 22 18 — — 132Otheroperatingcommitments 8 15 14 13 11 45 106Variableofficeleasecosts 2 4 4 4 5 30 49Capitalcommitments 1 — — — — — 1TotalCommitments 296 477 465 502 468 6,121 8,329OtherObligations:Leaseobligations 23 47 38 32 32 520 692Long-termdebt(2) — — — — 817 2,309 3,126Interestonlong-termdebt(2) 144 218 218 218 174 250 1,222Decommissioningobligation(3) 1 5 5 5 5 789 810TotalCommitmentsandObligations $ 464 $ 747 $ 726 $ 757 $ 1,496 $ 9,989 $ 14,179
(1) This represents transportationand storage commitments from2020 to2048, includingpipeline commitmentswhichareawaiting regulatoryapprovalandarenotyet in service.Excludes finance leases recognizedon theconsolidatedbalancesheet.
(2) Thisrepresentsthescheduledprincipalrepaymentsoftheseniorsecuredsecondliennotes,theseniorunsecurednotes,andassociatedinterestpaymentsbasedoninterestandforeignexchangeratesineffectonJune30,2020.
(3) ThisrepresentstheundiscountedfutureobligationsassociatedwiththedecommissioningoftheCorporation’sassets.
Contingencies
The Corporation is involved in various legal claims associated with the normal course of operations. TheCorporationbelievesthatanyliabilitiesthatmayarisepertainingtosuchmatterswouldnothaveamaterialimpactonitsfinancialposition.
The Corporation is the defendant to a statement of claim originally filed in 2014 in relation to legacy issuesinvolvingaunittraintransloadingfacilityinAlberta.Theclaimwasamendedinthefourthquarterof2017assertinga significant increase to damages claimed. The Corporation filed a statement of defense in the first quarter of2018.TheCorporationcontinuestoviewthisclaimaswithoutmeritandwillcontinuetodefendagainstthisclaim.TheCorporationbelievesthatanyliabilitiesthatmightarisefromthismatterareunlikelytohaveamaterialeffectonitsfinancialposition.
11. NON-GAAPMEASURES
Cash operating netback is a non-GAAPmeasure. Its terms are not defined by IFRS and, therefore,may not becomparable to similarmeasures provided by other companies. This non-GAAP financialmeasure should not beconsideredinisolationorasanalternativeformeasuresofperformancepreparedinaccordancewithIFRS.
Cashoperatingnetbackisanon-GAAPmeasurewidelyusedintheoilandgasindustryasasupplementalmeasureof a company’s efficiency and its ability to fund future capital expenditures. The Corporation’s cash operatingnetbackiscalculatedbydeductingtherelatedcostofdiluent,blendpurchases,transportationandstorage,third-partycurtailmentcredits,operatingexpenses,royaltiesandrealizedcommodityriskmanagementgainsorlossesfromblendsalesandpower revenue.Theperbarrel calculationof cashoperatingnetback isbasedonbitumensalesvolume.
12. CRITICALACCOUNTINGPOLICIESANDESTIMATES
TheCorporation'scriticalaccountingpoliciesandestimatesarethoseestimateshavingasignificantimpactontheCorporation's financial position and operations and that requiremanagement tomake judgments, assumptionsandestimatesintheapplicationofIFRS.Judgments,assumptionsandestimatesarebasedonhistoricalexperienceand other factors that management believes to be reasonable under current conditions. As events occur andadditional information is obtained, these judgments, assumptions and estimates may be subject to change.Detaileddisclosureofthesignificantaccountingpoliciesandthesignificantaccountingestimates,assumptionsand
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judgmentsusedbytheCorporationcanbefoundintheCorporation'sannualconsolidatedfinancialstatementsfortheyearendedDecember31,2019.
InMarch 2020, theWorld HealthOrganization declared a global pandemic following the emergence and rapidspreadofanovelstrainofcoronavirus ("COVID-19"). Theoutbreakandsubsequentmeasures intendedto limitCOVID-19 globally have contributed to significant declines and volatility in capital and financial markets, andadversely impacted the global commoditymarket,most notably thedramatic decline inworldwidedemand forcrudeoil.TherearenocomparablerecenteventsthatprovideguidanceastothelongtermeffectthatCOVID-19mayhave,includingcontinuingglobaleffortstocontainthespreadandseverityofthevirus,andasaresult,theultimate impact of the outbreak is highly uncertain and subject to change. The full extent of the impact ofCOVID-19ontheCorporation’soperationsandfuturefinancialperformanceiscurrentlyunknown.Thecontinuedimpact on capital and financial markets on a macro-scale presents uncertainty and risk with respect to theCorporation’s performance, and the estimates and assumptions used byManagement in the preparation of itsfinancialresults.
Additional estimates, assumptions and judgments in response to COVID-19 have been disclosed in the interimconsolidatedfinancialstatementsasatJune30,2020regardingvaluationassessmentsrelatedtotheCorporation'sinventories, property, plant and equipment, exploration and evaluation assets, long-term pipeline linefill,decommissioningprovisionanddeferredincometaxasset.
13. RISKFACTORS
The Corporation's primary focus is on the ongoing development and operation of its thermal oil assets. Indeveloping and operating these assets, the Corporation is and will be subject to many risks, including amongothers,operationalrisks,risksrelatedtoeconomicconditions,environmentalandregulatoryrisks,andfinancingrisks.Manyoftheserisksimpacttheoilandgasindustryasawhole.Furtherinformationregardingtheriskfactorswhich may affect the Corporation is contained in the most recently filed AIF, which is available on theCorporation’swebsiteatwww.megenergy.comandisalsoavailableontheSEDARwebsiteatwww.sedar.com.
RiskrelatedtoCOVID-19GlobalPandemic
TheCorporation'soperations,operatingresultsandfinancialconditioncouldbemateriallyadverselyimpactedbyeventsrelatedtoCOVID-19andactionstakenbygovernmentauthoritiesinresponsetoCOVID-19.COVID-19hasresultedin,andmaycontinuetoresultin,amongotherthings:increasedvolatilityinfinancialmarketsandforeigncurrency exchange rates; disruptions to global supply chains; labour shortages; reductions in trade volumes;temporary operational restrictions and restrictions on gatherings greater than a certain number of individuals,shelterinplacedeclarationsandquarantineorders,businessclosuresandtravelbans;anoverallslowdownintheglobaleconomy;politicalandeconomicinstability;andcivilunrest. Inparticular,COVID-19,andactionstakenbygovernmentalauthoritiesinresponsethereto,haveresultedin,andmaycontinuetoresultin,areductioninthedemand for oil and reduced oil prices. Also, there is an increased risk that oil storage could reach capacity inCanadaand theUSGCas a result of thedecreaseddemand.Aprolongedperiodofdecreaseddemand for, andlowerpricesofcrudeoil,andanyapplicablestorageconstraints,couldalsoresult in theCorporationvoluntarilycurtailingorshutting-inproduction,whichcouldadverselyimpactourbusiness,financialconditionandresultsofoperations.
Ifcrudeoilpricescontinuetoremainatlowlevelsforanextendedperiodoftime,orifthecoststodeveloptheCorporation’sresourcessignificantlyincreases,thecarryingvalueofitsassetsmaybesubjecttoimpairmentandnetearningscouldbeadverselyaffected.
TheCorporation is subject to risks relating to a temporary suspensionor physical interruptionof its operationsimpactedbyaCOVID-19outbreak,particularlyattheCorporation’ssoleoperatingfacilityatChristinaLake.IntheeventanemployeeorcontractorattheCorporation’sChristinaLakesitebecomesinfectedwithCOVID-19,itcouldplace theCorporation’sentire siteworkforceat risk,whichcould result in the suspensionofoperations. Suchasuspension in operations could also be mandated by governmental authorities in response to COVID-19. This
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wouldhaveasignificantnegativeimpacton,orshut-downof,theCorporation’sproductionlevels,potentiallyforasustainedperiodoftime,whichcouldadverselyimpactourbusiness,financialconditionandresultsofoperations.
Inaddition, thedisruptionandvolatility inglobal capitalmarkets thathas resulted,andmaycontinue to result,fromCOVID-19couldincreaseourcostofcapitalandadverselyaffectourabilitytoaccessthecapitalmarketsonatimelybasis,oratall.
COVID-19continuestorapidlyevolveandtheextenttowhichitmayimpactourbusiness,financialconditionandresults of operations, as well as our future capital expenditures and other discretionary items, will depend onfuture developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with any degree of confidence,including: thegeographicspreadof thevirus; thedurationandextentofCOVID-19, furtheractions thatmaybetakenbygovernmentalauthorities,includinginrespectoftravelrestrictionsandbusinessdisruptions;theseverityofthedisease;itsimpactonhealthcaresystemstomanageincreasesinpatients;andtheeffectivenessofactionstaken to contain the virus and treat the disease. To the extent that COVID-19 adversely affects our business,financial conditionand resultsofoperations, itmayalsohave theeffectofheighteningmanyof theother risksdescribedinthe2019annualMD&AandthemostrecentlyfiledAIF.
14. DISCLOSURECONTROLSANDPROCEDURES
TheCorporation’sChiefExecutiveOfficer(“CEO”)andChiefFinancialOfficer(“CFO”)havedesigned,orcausedtobedesignedundertheirsupervision,disclosurecontrolsandprocedurestoprovidereasonableassurancethat:(i)material information relating to the Corporation ismade known to the Corporation’s CEO and CFO by others,particularly during the period in which the interim and annual filings are being prepared; and (ii) informationrequiredtobedisclosedbytheCorporationinitsannualfilings,interimfilingsorotherreportsfiledorsubmittedbyitundersecuritieslegislationisrecorded,processed,summarizedandreportedwithinthetimeperiodspecifiedinsecuritieslegislation.
15. INTERNALCONTROLSOVERFINANCIALREPORTING
TheCEOandCFOhavedesigned,orcausedtobedesignedundertheirsupervision,internalcontrolsoverfinancialreportingtoprovidereasonableassuranceregardingthereliabilityoftheCorporation’sfinancialreportingandthepreparationoffinancialstatementsforexternalpurposesinaccordancewithIFRS.
The CEO and CFO are required to cause the Corporation to disclose any change in the Corporation’s internalcontrolsoverfinancialreportingthatoccurredduringthemostrecentinterimperiodthathasmateriallyaffected,orisreasonablylikelytomateriallyaffect,theCorporation’sinternalcontrolsoverfinancialreporting.Nochangesininternalcontrolsoverfinancialreportingwereidentifiedduringsuchperiodthathavemateriallyaffected,orarereasonablylikelytomateriallyaffect,theCorporation’sinternalcontrolsoverfinancialreporting.
It should be noted that a control system, including the Corporation’s disclosure and internal controls andprocedures, nomatter howwell conceived, can provide only reasonable, but not absolute, assurance that theobjectivesofthecontrolsystemwillbemetanditshouldnotbeexpectedthatthedisclosureandinternalcontrolsand procedures will prevent all errors or fraud. In reaching a reasonable level of assurance, managementnecessarily is required toapply its judgment inevaluating the cost/benefit relationshipofpossible controls andprocedures.
Inmid-March2020,inaccordancewiththeguidanceofprovincialandfederalhealthofficialsandtolimittheriskand transmission of COVID-19, the Corporation implemented mandatory self-quarantine policies, travelrestrictions,enhancedcleaningand sanitationmeasures, and socialdistancingmeasures, includingdirecting thevastmajorityofitsofficestaffandcertainnon-essentialfieldstafftoworkfromhome.Monitoringthesemeasuresis an ongoing process, and the Corporation continues to follow the guidance of provincial and federal healthofficials, including the province's phased recovery plan. These changes to processes have not resulted in anymaterialchangestotheinternalcontrolsoverfinancialreporting.
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16. ABBREVIATIONS
Thefollowingprovidesasummaryofcommonabbreviationsusedinthisdocument:
FinancialandBusinessEnvironment Measurement
AECO Albertanaturalgaspricereferencelocation bbl barrel
AIF AnnualInformationForm bbls/d barrelsperday
AWB AccessWesternBlend mcf thousandcubicfeet
$orC$ Canadiandollars mcf/d thousandcubicfeetperday
DSU Deferredshareunits MW megawatts
EDC ExportDevelopmentCanada MW/h megawattsperhour
eMSAGP enhancedModifiedSteamAndGasPush
eMVAPEX enhancedModifiedVAPourEXtraction
GAAP GenerallyAcceptedAccountingPrinciples
IFRS InternationalFinancialReportingStandards
LIBOR LondonInterbankOfferedRate
MD&A Management’sDiscussionandAnalysis
PSU Performanceshareunits
RSU Restrictedshareunits
SAGD Steam-AssistedGravityDrainage
SOR Steam-oilratio
U.S. UnitedStates
US$ UnitedStatesdollars
WCS WesternCanadianSelect
WTI WestTexasIntermediate
17. ADVISORY
Forward-LookingInformation
This documentmay contain forward-looking informationwithin themeaningof applicable securities laws. Thisforward-looking information is identified by words such as “anticipate”, “believe”, “could”, “drive”, “expect”,“estimate”,“focus”,“forward”,“future”,“guidance”,“may”,“ontrack”,“outlook”,“plan”,“position”,“potential”,“priority”, “should”, “strategy”, “target”, “will”, “would” or similar expressions and includes statements aboutfutureoutcomes, includingbutnot limitedto:expectationsof futureproduction,revenues,expenses,cashflow,operatingcosts,steam-oilratios,pricingdifferentials,reliability,profitabilityandcapitalexpenditures;estimatesofreserves and resources; anticipated reductions in operating costs as a result of optimization and scalability ofcertain operations; anticipated sources of funding for operations and capital expenditures; and anticipatedregulatoryapprovals.Suchforward-lookinginformationisbasedonmanagement'sexpectationsandassumptionsregarding future growth, results of operations, production, future capital and other expenditures, competitiveadvantage, plans for and results of drilling activity, environmental matters, and business prospects andopportunities.
Forward-lookinginformationcontainedinthisdocumentisbasedonmanagement'sexpectationsandassumptionsregarding, among other things: future crude oil, bitumen blend, natural gas, electricity, condensate and otherdiluent prices, foreign exchange rates and interest rates; the recoverability of MEG's reserves and contingentresources;MEG'sabilitytoproduceandmarketproductionofbitumenblendsuccessfullytocustomers;extentandtimelines of the Alberta Government’s mandatory production curtailment program, future growth, results ofoperations and production levels; future capital and other expenditures; revenues, expenses and cash flow;
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operating costs; reliability; continued liquidity and runway to sustain operations through a prolonged marketdownturn; ability to reduce oil sands production, including without negative impacts to its assets; anticipatedreductionsinoperatingcostsasaresultofoptimizationandscalabilityofcertainoperations;anticipatedsourcesoffunding foroperationsand capital investments;plans for and resultsofdrillingactivity;plans for and resultsofturnaround activity; the regulatory framework governing royalties, land use, taxes and environmentalmatters,including the timing and level of governmentproduction curtailment and federal andprovincial climate changepolicies, inwhichMEG conducts andwill conduct its business; the impact ofMEG’s response to the COVID-19global pandemic; and business prospects and opportunities. By its nature, such forward-looking informationinvolves significant known and unknown risks and uncertainties, which could cause actual results to differmateriallyfromthoseanticipated.
By itsnature,such forward-looking information involvessignificantknownandunknownrisksanduncertainties,whichcouldcauseactualresultstodiffermateriallyfromthoseanticipated.Theserisksanduncertaintiesinclude,butarenotlimitedtorisksanduncertaintiesrelatedto:theoilandgasindustry,forexample,securingaccesstomarkets and transportation infrastructure (including pipelines and rail) and the commitments therein; theavailabilityofcapacityontheelectricitytransmissiongrid;theuncertaintyofreserveandresourceestimates;theuncertainty of estimates and projections relating to production, costs and revenues; health, safety andenvironmental risks; legislative and regulatory changes to, amongst other things, tax, land use, royalty andenvironmental laws and production curtailment; assumptions regarding and the volatility of commodity prices,interestratesandforeignexchangerates;commodityprice,interestrateandforeignexchangerateswapcontractsand/orderivativefinancial instrumentsthattheCorporationmayenterintofromtimetotimetomanageitsriskrelated to such prices and rates; timing of completion, commissioning, and start-up, of the Corporation’sturnarounds;theoperationalrisksanddelaysinthedevelopment,exploration,production,andthecapacitiesandperformanceassociatedwiththeCorporation'sprojects;theCorporation’sabilitytoreduceorincreaseproductiontodesired levels; theCorporation’sability to financesustainingcapitalexpenditures; theCorporation’sability tomaintainsufficientliquiditytosustainoperationsthroughaprolongedmarketdownturn;changesincreditratingsapplicabletotheCorporationoranyofitssecurities;theCorporation’sresponsetotheCOVID-19globalpandemic;the severity and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic; the potential for a temporary suspension of operationsimpacted by an outbreak of COVID-19; continued weakness and volatility of crude oil and other petroleumproductsduetodecreasedglobaldemandduetotheCOVID-19pandemic;changesingeneraleconomic,marketandbusinessconditions;thepotentialcostsassociatedwithongoing litigationcases;theextentandtimelinesoftheAlbertaGovernment'smandatoryproductioncurtailmentprogram;risksoflegislativeandregulatorychangesto,amongstotherthings,tax,landuse,royaltyandenvironmentallawsandFederalandProvincialclimatechangepolicies;thecostofcompliancewithcurrentandfutureenvironmental laws, includingclimatechangelaws;risksrelated to increasedactivismandpublicopposition to fossil fuels andoil sands; assumptions regarding and thevolatilityof commodityprices, interest rates and foreignexchange rates, and, risks anduncertainties related tocommodityprice, interestrateandforeignexchangerateswapcontractsand/orderivativefinancial instrumentsthat theCorporationmayenter into from time to time tomanage its risk related to suchpricesand rates; anduncertaintiesarisinginconnectionwithanyfutureacquisitionsand/ordispositionsofassets.
AlthoughtheCorporationbelievesthattheassumptionsusedinsuchforward-lookinginformationarereasonable,therecanbenoassurancethatsuchassumptionswillbecorrect.Accordingly,readersarecautionedthattheactualresultsachievedmayvaryfromtheforward-looking informationprovidedhereinandthatthevariationsmaybematerial.Readersarealsocautionedthattheforegoinglistofassumptions,risksandfactorsisnotexhaustive.
Furtherinformationregardingtheassumptionsandrisksinherentinthemakingofforward-lookingstatementscanbe found in the Corporation's most recently filed AIF, along with the Corporation's other public disclosuredocuments.CopiesoftheAIFandtheCorporation'sotherpublicdisclosuredocumentsareavailablethroughtheSEDARwebsiteatwww.sedar.com.
The forward-looking information included in thisdocument isexpresslyqualified in itsentiretyby the foregoingcautionary statements. Unless otherwise stated, the forward-looking information included in this document ismadeasofthedateofthisdocumentandtheCorporationassumesnoobligationtoupdateorreviseanyforward-lookinginformationtoreflectneweventsorcircumstances,exceptasrequiredbylaw.
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MEGEnergy Corp. is an energy company focused on sustainable in situ thermal oil production in the southernAthabasca region of Alberta, Canada. The Corporation is actively developing innovative enhanced oil recoveryprojectsthatutilizeSAGDextractionmethodstoimprovetheresponsibleeconomicrecoveryofoilaswellaslowercarbonemissions.MEGtransportsandsells itsthermaloilproductiontorefinersthroughoutNorthAmericaandinternationally. The Corporation's common shares are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol"MEG".
EstimatesofReservesandResources
For informationregarding theCorporation'sestimatedreservesandresources,please refer to theCorporation'smostrecentlyfiledAIF.
Non-GAAPFinancialMeasures
CertainfinancialmeasuresinthisMD&AdonothaveastandardizedmeaningasprescribedbyIFRS.Cashoperatingnetbackisanon-GAAPfinancialmeasure.ItstermsarenotdefinedbyIFRSand,therefore,maynotbecomparabletosimilarmeasuresprovidedbyothercompanies.Thisnon-GAAPfinancialmeasureshouldnotbeconsideredinisolation or as an alternative for measures of performance prepared in accordance with IFRS. This measure ispresented and described in order to provide shareholders and potential investors with additional measures inunderstanding the Corporation's ability to generate funds and to finance its operations as well as profitabilitymeasures specific to the oil industry. The definition of this non-GAAPmeasure is presented in the “NON-GAAPMEASURES”sectionofthisMD&A.
18. ADDITIONALINFORMATION
Additional information relating to theCorporation, including itsAIF, isavailableon theCorporation'swebsiteatwww.megenergy.comandisalsoavailableonSEDARatwww.sedar.com.
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19. QUARTERLYSUMMARIES
2020 2019 2018(1)
Unaudited Q2 Q1 Q4 Q3 Q2 Q1 Q4 Q3
FINANCIAL($millionsunlessspecified)
Netearnings(loss) (80) (284) 26 24 (64) (48) (199) 118
Pershare,diluted (0.26) (0.95) 0.09 0.08 (0.21) (0.16) (0.67) 0.39
Adjustedfundsflow 89 78 157 192 227 151 (37) 116
Pershare,diluted 0.29 0.26 0.51 0.63 0.76 0.50 (0.13) 0.39
Capitalexpenditures 20 54 72 40 33 53 144 139
Cashandcashequivalents 120 62 206 154 399 154 318 373
Workingcapital 173 371 123 204 416 175 290 274
Long-termdebt 3,096 3,212 3,123 3,257 3,582 3,660 3,740 3,544
Shareholders'equity 3,507 3,593 3,853 3,828 3,795 3,851 3,886 4,068
BUSINESSENVIRONMENT
AverageBenchmarkCommodityPrices:
WTI(US$/bbl) 27.85 46.17 56.96 56.45 59.82 54.90 58.81 69.50
Differential–WTI:WCS–Edmonton(US$/bbl) (11.47) (20.53) (15.83) (12.24) (10.67) (12.29) (39.43) (22.25)
Differential–WTI:AWB–Edmonton(US$/bbl) (13.44) (22.78) (18.44) (14.52) (12.32) (14.50) (44.60) (25.69)
AWB–Edmonton(US$/bbl) 14.41 23.39 38.52 41.93 47.50 40.40 14.21 43.81
Differential–WTI:AWB–U.S.GulfCoast(US$/bbl) (7.29) (5.74) (5.25) (2.50) 1.64 (0.89) (6.25) (5.63)
AWB–U.S.GulfCoast(US$/bbl) 20.56 40.43 51.71 53.95 61.46 54.01 52.56 63.87
C$equivalentof1US$–average 1.3860 1.3445 1.3201 1.3207 1.3376 1.3293 1.3215 1.3070
Naturalgas–AECO($/mcf) 2.21 2.26 2.70 0.95 1.12 2.86 1.70 1.28
OPERATIONAL($/bblunlessspecified)
Blendsales,netofpurchasedproduct–bbls/d 100,980 142,380 134,932 132,455 137,120 132,377 126,750 130,823
Diluentusage–bbls/d (30,583) (45,166) (40,585) (37,463) (42,000) (42,555) (38,467) (36,967)
Bitumensales–bbls/d 70,397 97,214 94,347 94,992 95,120 89,822 88,283 93,856
Bitumenproduction–bbls/d 75,687 91,557 94,566 93,278 97,288 87,113 87,582 98,751
Steam-oilratio(SOR) 2.32 2.31 2.27 2.26 2.16 2.20 2.22 2.17
Blendsales 20.96 36.46 56.55 60.26 69.19 59.02 37.76 63.68
Costofdiluent (10.78) (17.01) (9.69) (6.89) (6.96) (8.81) (22.45) (14.05)
Bitumenrealization 10.18 19.45 46.86 53.37 62.23 50.21 15.31 49.63
Transportationandstorage–net (11.77) (8.63) (10.75) (10.57) (10.80) (11.27) (10.28) (9.11)
Third-partycurtailmentcredits — 0.18 (0.21) (0.37) (0.89) — — —
Royalties (0.05) (0.63) (1.18) (1.54) (2.06) (0.37) (0.15) (2.01)
Operatingcosts–non-energy (4.09) (4.57) (4.49) (4.22) (4.53) (5.22) (4.25) (4.38)
Operatingcosts–energy (3.00) (3.15) (2.95) (1.51) (1.78) (3.36) (1.98) (1.50)
Powerrevenue 0.95 2.21 1.57 1.43 1.65 2.41 1.68 1.54
ReRealizedgain(loss)oncommodityriskmanagement 33.62 11.97 (0.52) (4.15) (5.94) (2.60) 6.81 (10.16)
Cashoperatingnetback 25.84 16.83 28.33 32.44 37.88 29.80 7.14 24.01
Powersalesprice(C$/MWh) 28.34 69.39 49.61 50.30 55.33 70.83 55.38 51.53
Powersales(MW/h) 98 129 124 112 118 128 111 117
Averagecostofdiluent($/bblofdiluent) 45.76 73.09 79.07 77.71 84.95 77.61 89.28 99.37
Averagecostofdiluentasa%ofWTI 119% 118% 105% 104% 106% 106% 115% 109%
Depletionanddepreciationrateperbblofproduction 13.55 14.83 13.18 13.43 41.22 14.68 13.79 13.85
Generalandadministrativeexpenseperbblofproduction 1.29 1.96 2.25 1.66 1.81 2.27 2.54 2.35
COMMONSHARES
Sharesoutstanding,endofperiod(000) 302,645 299,547 299,508 299,288 299,207 296,857 296,841 296,813
Commonshareprice($)-close(endofperiod) 3.77 1.67 7.39 5.80 5.02 5.10 7.71 8.03
(1) TheCorporationadoptedIFRS16Leases,effectiveJanuary1,2019,thereforepriorperiodshavenotbeenrestated.
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During the eight most recent quarters the following items have had a significant impact on the Corporation’squarterlyresults:
• fluctuationsinblendsalespricingduetosignificantchangesinthepriceofWTIwithperiodsofsignificantvolatility in2020,whichhasrangedfromaquarterlyaverageofUS$27.85/bbltoUS$69.50/bbl,andthedifferential betweenWTI and theCorporation'sAWBat Edmonton,whichhas ranged fromaquarterlyaverageofUS$12.32/bbltoUS$44.60/bbldrivenbysupply/demandfundamentals;
• in early March 2020, and continuing into the second quarter of 2020, global crude oil prices startedexperiencing multi-decade lows coupled with extreme levels of volatility driven primarily by anunprecedentedreductioninglobaldemanddueCOVID-19;
• thecostofdiluentduetochangesinCanadianandU.S.benchmarkpricing,thetimingofdiluentinventorypurchasesandtheimpactofforeignexchange;
• changesinthevalueoftheCanadiandollarrelativetotheU.S.dollaranditsimpactonblendsalesprices,the cost of diluent, interest expense, and foreign exchange gains and losses associated with theCorporation'sU.S.dollardenominateddebt;
• timingofcapitalprojects;
• costreductionefforts;
• apportionmentandtheabilitytoreachUSGCmarkets;
• fluctuationsinnaturalgasandpowerpricing;
• gainsandlossesoncommodityriskmanagementcontracts;
• AlbertaGovernmentenactedcurtailmentrules;
• changes in depletion and depreciation expense as a result of changes in production rates, futuredevelopmentcostsanduncertaintyoffuturebenefitsassociatedwithspecificnon-coreassets;
• explorationexpenseassociatedwithdiscontinuedexplorationandevaluationactivitiesincertainnon-coregrowthproperties;
• adecreaseingeneralandadministrativeexpenseduetoreductioninstaffinglevels;
• changes in the Corporation's share price and the implementation of financial equity price riskmanagementcontracts,andtheresultingimpactonstock-basedcompensation;
• plannedturnaroundandothermaintenanceactivitiesaffectingproduction;and
• voluntarycurtailmenteffortsassociatedwithuneconomicbenchmarkpricingenvironments.
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20. ANNUALSUMMARIES
Unaudited 2019 2018(1) 2017(1) 2016(1) 2015(1) 2014(1)
FINANCIAL($millionsunlessspecified)
Netearnings(loss) (62) (119) 166 (429) (1,170) (106)
Pershare,diluted (0.21) (0.40) 0.57 (1.90) (5.21) (0.47)
Adjustedfundsflow 726 180 374 (62) 49 791
Pershare,diluted 2.41 0.60 1.29 (0.27) 0.22 3.52
Capitalexpenditures 198 622 502 140 314 1,314
Cashandcashequivalents 206 318 464 156 408 656
Workingcapital 123 290 313 96 363 526
Long-termdebt 3,123 3,740 4,668 5,053 5,190 4,350
Shareholders'equity 3,853 3,886 3,964 3,287 3,678 4,768
BUSINESSENVIRONMENT
AverageBenchmarkCommodityPrices:
WTI(US$/bbl) 57.03 64.77 50.95 43.33 48.80 93.00
Differential–WTI:WCS–Edmonton(US$/bbl) (12.76) (26.31) (11.98) (13.84) (13.52) (19.40)
Differential–WTI:AWB–Edmonton(US$/bbl) (14.95) (29.99) (14.09) (16.40) (16.69) (23.58)
AWB–Edmonton(US$/bbl) 42.08 34.78 36.86 26.93 32.11 69.42
Differential–WTI:AWB–U.S.GulfCoast(US$/bbl) (1.77) (6.68) (7.61) (11.53) (8.53) (10.08)
AWB-U.S.GulfCoast(US$/bbl) 55.26 58.09 43.34 31.80 40.27 82.92
C$equivalentof1US$–average 1.3269 1.2962 1.2980 1.3256 1.2788 1.1047
Naturalgas–AECO($/mcf) 1.92 1.62 2.29 2.25 2.71 4.50
OPERATIONAL($/bblunlessspecified)
Blendsales,netofpurchasedproduct–bbls/d 134,223 125,368 115,766 116,586 117,132 97,334
Diluentusage–bbls/d (40,637) (38,317) (35,766) (36,159) (36,167) (30,092)
Bitumensales–bbls/d 93,586 87,051 80,000 80,427 80,965 67,242
Bitumenproduction–bbls/d 93,082 87,731 80,774 81,245 80,025 71,186
Steam-oilratio(SOR) 2.22 2.19 2.31 2.29 2.47 2.48
Blendsales 61.29 53.47 51.39 38.19 42.14 76.11
Costofdiluent (8.08) (16.78) (9.36) (10.28) (11.43) (13.35)
Bitumenrealization 53.21 36.69 42.03 27.91 30.71 62.76
Transportationandstorage–net (10.84) (8.42) (6.89) (6.46) (4.82) (1.38)
Third-partycurtailmentcredits (0.37) — — — — —
Royalties (1.30) (1.20) (0.77) (0.29) (0.70) (4.36)
Operatingcosts–non-energy (4.61) (4.62) (4.62) (5.62) (6.54) (8.02)
Operatingcosts–energy (2.38) (1.98) (2.98) (3.01) (3.84) (6.30)
Powerrevenue 1.75 1.51 0.76 0.64 0.99 2.26
Realizedgain(loss)oncommodityriskmanagement (3.31) (4.37) (0.39) 0.08 — —
Cashoperatingnetback 32.15 17.61 27.14 13.25 15.80 44.96
Powersalesprice(C$/MWh) 56.70 47.87 21.49 18.74 27.48 48.83
Powersales(MW/h) 121 114 118 115 121 129
Averagecostofdiluent($/bblofdiluent) 79.89 91.60 72.32 61.06 67.72 105.94
Averagecostofdiluentasa%ofWTI 106% 106% 109% 106% 109% 103%Depletionanddepreciationrateperbblofproduction 20.90 14.12 16.13 16.81 16.00 14.57Generalandadministrativeexpenseperbblofproduction 1.99 2.58 2.94 3.24 4.06 4.29
COMMONSHARES
Sharesoutstanding,endofperiod(000) 299,508 296,841 294,104 226,467 224,997 223,847
Commonshareprice($)-close(endofperiod) 7.39 7.71 5.14 9.23 8.02 19.55
(1) TheCorporationadoptedIFRS16Leases,effectiveJanuary1,2019,thereforepriorperiodshavenotbeenrestated.
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ConsolidatedBalanceSheet(Unaudited,expressedinmillionsofCanadiandollars)
Asat Note June30,2020 December31,2019AssetsCurrentassetsCashandcashequivalents 17 $ 120 $ 206Tradereceivablesandother 233 382Inventories 3 80 93Riskmanagement 19 90 —
523 681Non-currentassetsProperty,plantandequipment 4 6,078 6,206Explorationandevaluationassets 5 124 490Otherassets 6 214 227Riskmanagement 19 24 —Deferredincometaxasset 7 325 262
Totalassets $ 7,288 $ 7,866
LiabilitiesCurrentliabilitiesAccountspayableandaccruedliabilities $ 226 $ 379Interestpayable 83 74Currentportionofprovisionsandotherliabilities 9 31 28Riskmanagement 19 10 77
350 558Non-currentliabilitiesLong-termdebt 8 3,096 3,123Provisionsandotherliabilities 9 335 332Riskmanagement 19 — —
Totalliabilities 3,781 4,013Shareholders’equitySharecapital 10 5,460 5,443Contributedsurplus 173 182Deficit (2,165) (1,801)Accumulatedothercomprehensiveincome 39 29
Totalshareholders’equity 3,507 3,853Totalliabilitiesandshareholders’equity $ 7,288 $ 7,866
Commitmentsandcontingencies(Note21)
TheaccompanyingnotesareanintegralpartoftheseInterimConsolidatedFinancialStatements.
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ConsolidatedStatementofEarnings(Loss)andComprehensiveIncome(Loss)(Unaudited,expressedinmillionsofCanadiandollars,exceptpershareamounts)
ThreemonthsendedJune30 SixmonthsendedJune30
Note 2020 2019 2020 2019
Revenues
Petroleumrevenue,netofroyalties 12 $ 299 $ 1,044 $ 941 $ 1,940
Otherrevenue 12 8 17 31 40
Totalrevenues 307 1,061 972 1,980
Expenses
Diluentandtransportation 13 205 421 585 813
Operatingexpenses 46 54 114 124
Inventoryimpairment(realized) 3 (29) — — —
Purchasedproduct 106 199 282 394
Third-partycurtailmentcredits — 8 (2) 8
Depletionanddepreciation 4,6 93 365 217 480
Explorationexpense 5 — 58 366 58
Generalandadministrative 9 16 25 34
Stock-basedcompensation 11 (8) 16 (22) 11
Netfinanceexpense 15 69 76 139 155
Otherexpenses 16 22 7 30 16
Gainonassetdispositions 6 — (2) (6) (14)
Commodityriskmanagement(gain)loss,net 19 52 (36) (482) 194
Foreignexchange(gain)loss,net 14 (116) (69) 154 (148)
Lossbeforeincometaxes (142) (52) (428) (145)
Incometaxexpense(recovery) (62) 12 (64) (34)
Netloss (80) (64) (364) (111)
Othercomprehensiveincome(loss),netoftax
Itemsthatmaybereclassifiedtoprofitorloss:
Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment (8) (4) 10 (8)
Comprehensiveloss $ (88)$ (68)$ (354)$ (119)
Netlosspercommonshare
Basic 18 $ (0.26)$ (0.21)$ (1.21)$ (0.37)
Diluted 18 $ (0.26)$ (0.21)$ (1.21)$ (0.37)
TheaccompanyingnotesareanintegralpartoftheseInterimConsolidatedFinancialStatements.
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ConsolidatedStatementofChangesinShareholders’Equity(Unaudited,expressedinmillionsofCanadiandollars)
ShareCapitalContributed
Surplus Deficit
AccumulatedOther
ComprehensiveIncome
TotalShareholders’
Equity
BalanceasatDecember31,2019 $ 5,443 $ 182 $ (1,801) $ 29 $ 3,853
Stock-basedcompensation — 8 — — 8
RSUsvestedandreleased 17 (17) — — —
Comprehensiveincome(loss) — — (364) 10 (354)
BalanceasatJune30,2020 $ 5,460 $ 173 $ (2,165) $ 39 $ 3,507
BalanceasatDecember31,2018 $ 5,427 $ 170 $ (1,751) $ 39 $ 3,885
IFRS16openingdeficitadjustment — — 12 — 12
Stock-basedcompensation — 17 — — 17
RSUsvestedandreleased 14 (14) — — —
Comprehensiveincome(loss) — — (111) (8) (119)
BalanceasatJune30,2019 $ 5,441 $ 173 $ (1,850) $ 31 $ 3,795
TheaccompanyingnotesareanintegralpartoftheseInterimConsolidatedFinancialStatements.
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ConsolidatedStatementofCashFlow(Unaudited,expressedinmillionsofCanadiandollars)
ThreemonthsendedJune30 SixmonthsendedJune30
Note 2020 2019 2020 2019
Cashprovidedby(usedin):
Operatingactivities
Netloss $ (80)$ (64)$ (364)$ (111)
Adjustmentsfor:
Deferredincometaxexpense(recovery) (61) 12 (63) (34)
Inventoryimpairment(realized) 3 (29) — — —
Depletionanddepreciation 4,6 93 365 217 480
Explorationexpense 5 — 58 366 58
Stock-basedcompensation 11 (17) 11 (13) 16
Unrealizednet(gain)lossonforeignexchange 14 (114) (67) 153 (145)Unrealizednet(gain)lossoncommodityriskmanagement 19 267 (87) (161) 122Amortizationofdebtdiscountanddebtissuecosts 2 3 4 9
Gainonassetdispositions 6 — (2) (6) (14)
Other 2 2 4 4
Decommissioningexpenditures 9 — — (2) —
Netchangeinotherliabilities 6 (4) 3 (7)Fundsflowfromoperatingactivities 69 227 138 378
Netchangeinnon-cashworkingcapitalitems 17 48 75 78 (145)
Netcashprovidedby(usedin)operatingactivities 117 302 216 233
Investingactivities
Capitalexpenditures 4 (20) (32) (74) (85)
Netproceedsondispositions 6 — 5 6 17
Netchangeinnon-cashworkingcapitalitems 17 (30) (14) (41) (57)
Netcashprovidedby(usedin)investingactivities (50) (41) (109) (125)
Financingactivities
Issueof7.125%seniorunsecurednotes 8 — — 1,581 —
Repaymentandredemptionoflong-termdebt 8 — (4) (1,723) (8)
Debtredemptionpremiumandrefinancingcosts 8 (1) — (49) —
Receiptsonleasedassets 17 1 — 1 —
Paymentsonleasedliabilities 17 (7) (5) (13) (9)
Netcashprovidedby(usedin)financingactivities (7) (9) (203) (17)
Effectofexchangeratechangesoncashandcashequivalentsheldinforeigncurrency (2) (7) 10 (10)
Changeincashandcashequivalents 58 245 (86) 81
Cashandcashequivalents,beginningofperiod 62 154 206 318
Cashandcashequivalents,endofperiod $ 120 $ 399 $ 120 $ 399
TheaccompanyingnotesareanintegralpartoftheseInterimConsolidatedFinancialStatements.
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1. CORPORATEINFORMATION
MEGEnergyCorp.(the"Corporation")wasincorporatedundertheAlbertaBusinessCorporationsActonMarch9,1999.TheCorporation'ssharestradeontheTorontoStockExchangeunderthesymbol"MEG".TheCorporationownsa100%interestinover700squaremilesofmineralleasesinthesouthernAthabascaregionofAlbertaandisprimarilyengagedinsustainableinsituthermaloilproductionatitsChristinaLakeProject.
Thecorporateofficeislocatedat600–3rdAvenueSW,Calgary,Alberta,Canada.
2. BASISOFPRESENTATION
The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements (“interim consolidated financial statements”) werepreparedusingthesameaccountingpoliciesandmethodsasthoseusedintheCorporation’sauditedconsolidatedfinancialstatementsfortheyearendedDecember31,2019.TheinterimconsolidatedfinancialstatementsareincompliancewithInternationalAccountingStandard34,InterimFinancialReporting(“IAS34”).Accordingly,certaininformationandfootnotedisclosurenormallyincludedinannualfinancialstatementspreparedinaccordancewithInternational Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board("IASB"), has been omitted or condensed. The preparation of interim consolidated financial statements inaccordancewith IAS34requirestheuseofcertaincriticalaccountingestimates. Italsorequiresmanagementtoexercise judgment in applying the Corporation’s accounting policies. The areas involving a higher degree ofjudgmentor complexity,orareaswhereassumptionsandestimatesare significant to theconsolidated financialstatements,havebeen setout inNote4of theCorporation’s audited consolidated financial statements for theyear endedDecember 31, 2019. These interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunctionwiththeCorporation’sauditedconsolidatedfinancialstatementsfortheyearendedDecember31,2019.
InMarch 2020, theWorld HealthOrganization declared a global pandemic following the emergence and rapidspreadofanovelstrainofcoronavirus ("COVID-19"). Theoutbreakandsubsequentmeasures intendedto limitCOVID-19globallycontributedtosignificantdeclinesandvolatilityincapitalandfinancialmarkets,andadverselyimpactedglobalcommoditymarkets,mostnotablythedramaticdeclineinworldwidedemandforcrudeoil.Thereare no comparable recent events that provide guidance as to the long term effect that COVID-19 may have,includingglobaleffortstocontainthespreadandseverityofthevirus.
The full extent of the impact of COVID-19 on the Corporation’s operations and future financial performance iscurrentlyunknown.Thecontinuedimpactoncapitalandfinancialmarketsonamacro-scalepresentsuncertaintyandriskwithrespecttotheCorporation'sperformance,andestimatesandassumptionsusedinthepreparationofitsfinancialresults.
Additionalestimates,assumptionsand judgments inresponsetoCOVID-19havebeendisclosed inthese interimconsolidated financial statements regarding valuation assessments related to the Corporation's inventories,property, plant and equipment, exploration and evaluation assets, long-term pipeline linefill, decommissioningprovisionanddeferredincometaxasset.
These interim consolidated financial statements are presented in Canadian dollars ($ or C$), which is theCorporation’sfunctionalcurrencyandwereapprovedbytheCorporation’sAuditCommitteeonJuly27,2020.
3. INVENTORIES
Asat June30,2020 December31,2019
Bitumenblend $ 66 $ 73
Diluent 6 13
Materialandsupplies 8 7
$ 80 $ 93
NOTESTOTHEINTERIMCONSOLIDATEDFINANCIALSTATEMENTSAllamountsareexpressedinmillionsofCanadiandollarsunlessotherwisenoted.(Unaudited)
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Inventoriesaremeasuredatthelowerofcostandnetrealizablevalue.Inlightofthesignificantandacutedeclinein commoditypricesassociatedwith theCOVID–19globalpandemic,non-cash inventory impairment chargesof$19million and$10million, respectively,were recordedatMarch31, 2020 related to theestimateddecline invalueoftheCorporation’sbitumenblendanddiluentvolumesheldininventoryattheendofthefirstquarter.Therelated inventories were sold during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and the resulting cash impactassociatedwiththeimpairmentchargeswasrealizedthroughvariousexpenses.NoinventoryimpairmentswererecognizedatJune30,2020.
4. PROPERTY,PLANTANDEQUIPMENT
CrudeoilTransportation
andstorageRight-of-use
assetsCorporate
assets TotalCostBalanceasatDecember31,2019 $ 9,077 $ 159 $ 263 $ 78 $ 9,577Additions 75 1 26 — 102Dispositions (2) (71) — — (73)Leasemodification — — (2) — (2)Changeindecommissioningliabilities (6) — — — (6)BalanceasatJune30,2020 $ 9,144 $ 89 $ 287 $ 78 $ 9,598
Accumulateddepletionanddepreciation
BalanceasatDecember31,2019 $ 3,199 $ 102 $ 25 $ 45 $ 3,371Depletionanddepreciation 202 — 12 3 217Dispositions (3) (70) — — (73)Leasemodification — — 5 — 5BalanceasatJune30,2020 $ 3,398 $ 32 $ 42 $ 48 $ 3,520
CarryingamountsBalanceasatDecember31,2019 $ 5,878 $ 57 $ 238 $ 33 $ 6,206BalanceasatJune30,2020 $ 5,746 $ 57 $ 245 $ 30 $ 6,078
Includedinthecostofproperty,plantandequipmentis$244millionofassetsunderconstructionasatJune30,2020(December31,2019–$229million).
Inlightofthesignificantdegradationandvolatilityinglobalcrudeoilprices,internationaloilsupplyanddemandimbalances, and the uncertainty surrounding the economic impact of COVID–19, a test for impairment wasperformed atMarch 31, 2020, and no impairment charges were required. The economic conditions that werepresent atMarch 31, 2020 that required a test for impairment have improved, and therefore no indicators ofimpairmentexistedatJune30,2020.
When completing the impairment test as at March 31, 2020, estimating the recoverable amount of theCorporation'sCGUinvolvedseveralassumptionsandestimateswhichweresubjecttoestimationuncertainty,aswell as a significant degree of judgment. Significant estimates involved in the calculation included pricingassumptions,productionandcostassumptionsand theappropriatediscount rate.TheCorporationengagesGLJPetroleumConsultantsLtd.("GLJ")toprepareanannualreservereport,whichcontainsthepricing,productionandcost assumptions that form the basis for determining the recoverable amount. The report is prepared as atDecember31,2019,andthereforeadjustmentsweremadetoreflecttheupdatedcommoditypricingatthetimeof impairment testing. Other adjustments to the report are made as necessary to reflect the change in theeconomicenvironment.Theappropriatediscountraterequiresasignificantamountofjudgment,andasensitivityanalysiswasperformedtoensurethata1-2%change inthediscountratedidnotaffecttheconclusionreachedthatnoimpairmentwasrequired.
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5. EXPLORATIONANDEVALUATIONASSETS
Cost
BalanceasatDecember31,2019 $ 490
Additions —
Explorationexpense (366)
Dispositions —
BalanceasatJune30,2020 $ 124
The Corporation is focused on the development of its core asset Christina Lake as it continues tomanage thebusiness through an unpredictable global economic downturn arising from COVID-19. The Corporation hasdiscontinuedexplorationandevaluationactivitiesincertainnon-coregrowthproperties.Landleaseandevaluationcostsassociatedwiththeseassetsof$366millionwaschargedtoexplorationexpenseduringthefirstquarterof2020. The remaining assetswere allocated to the related CGU for impairment testing and no impairmentwasrequired.
6. OTHERASSETS
Asat June30,2020 December31,2019
Non-currentpipelinelinefill(a) $ 181 $ 190
Financesubleasereceivables 17 18
Intangibleassets(b) 8 9
Deferredfinancingcosts 5 7
Prepaidtransportationcosts(c) 8 9
219 233
Lesscurrentportion (5) (6)
$ 214 $ 227
a. Non-current pipeline linefill on third-party owned pipelines is classified as a non-current asset as thesetransportationcontractsexpirebetweentheyears2025and2048.
In light of the significant and acute decline in commodity prices associated with the COVID–19 globalpandemic,long-termpipelinelinefillwastestedforimpairmentunderIAS2bycomparingthecarryingvaluetothenetrealizablevalue,andnoimpairmentwasrecordedduetothelong-termnatureofthetransportationcontracts. The uncertainty surrounding the duration and depth of unprecedented low commodity prices,combinedwithsignificantvolatilityincommoditypricesincreasestheestimationuncertaintyassociatedwiththenetrealizablevalueatJune30,2020,andactualresultscoulddifferfromtheestimates.
b. As at June 30, 2020, intangible assets consist of $8 million invested in software that is not an integralcomponentof therelatedcomputerhardware (December31,2019–$9million).Depreciationof$1millionwasrecognizedforthesixmonthsendedJune30,2020(December31,2019–$2million).Atthebeginningof2020,theCorporationsoldpatentsthatwererecordedatanominalamount,andrecognizedagainonassetdispositionof $6million.During the comparative sixmonthperiod in 2019, theCorporation sold internallygeneratedemissionperformancecreditsthatwererecordedatanominalamount,andrecognizedagainonassetdispositionsof$12million.
c. Prepaid transportation costs related to upgrading third-party transportation infrastructure have beencapitalizedandarebeingamortizedtotransportationexpenseoverthe30-yeartermoftheagreement.
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7. DEFERREDINCOMETAXASSET
AsatJune30,2020,theCorporationrecognizedadeferredtaxassetof$325million(December31,2019-$262million).Thedeferredtaxasset isreviewedateachbalancesheetdatetoassesswhether it isprobablethattherelatedtaxbenefitwillberealized.AsatJune30,2020,theCorporationestimatesthatfuturetaxable incomeisexpectedtobesufficienttorealizethedeferredtaxasset.Theestimatesusedtodeterminefuturetaxableincomearesubjecttomeasurementuncertaintyandactualresultscoulddifferfromestimates.
8. LONG-TERMDEBT
Asat June30,2020 December31,2019
SecondLien:
6.5%seniorsecuredsecondliennotes(June30,2020-US$496million;December31,2019-US$596million;due2025) $ 675 $ 773
Unsecured:
7.0%seniorunsecurednotes(June30,2020-US$600million;December31,2019-US$1billion;due2024) 817 1,297
7.125%seniorunsecurednotes(June30,2020-US$1.2billion;December31,2019-US$nil;due2027) 1,634 —
6.375%seniorunsecurednotes(June30,2020-US$nil;December31,2019-US$800million;due2023) — 1,037
3,126 3,107
Less:
Debtredemptionpremium — 29
Unamortizeddeferreddebtdiscountanddebtissuecosts (30) (13)
$ 3,096 $ 3,123
TheU.S.dollardenominateddebtwastranslatedintoCanadiandollarsattheperiodendexchangerateofUS$1=C$1.3616(December31,2019–US$1=C$1.2965).
During the first quarter of 2020, the Corporation successfully closed a private offering of $1.6 billion (US$1.2billion) in aggregate principal amount of 7.125% senior unsecured notes due February 2027. On February 18,2020,thenetproceedsoftheoffering,togetherwithcashonhand,wereusedto:
• Fully redeem $1 billion (US$800million) of the 6.375% senior unsecured notes due January 2023 at aredemptionpriceof101.063%;
• Partially redeem$530million (US$400million)of theUS$1.0billion7.00%seniorunsecurednotesdueMarch2024ataredemptionpriceof102.333%;and
• Payfeesandexpensesrelatedtotheoffering.
Concurrent with the private offering, on February 18, 2020, the Corporation redeemed $132 million (US$100million) in aggregate principal amount of its 6.5% senior secured second lien notes due January 2025 at aredemption price of 104.875%. Cash on hand was used to fund this senior secured second lien notes partialredemption.
The Corporation's total credit available under two facilities is $1.3 billion, comprised of $800million under therevolvingcreditfacilityand$500millionunderaletterofcreditfacility,guaranteedbyExportDevelopmentCanada("EDC"). Letters of credit under the EDC facility do not consume capacity of the revolving credit facility. TherevolvingcreditfacilityandtheEDCFacilitybothhaveamaturitydateofJuly30,2024.Thematuritydatesofthe
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revolvingcreditfacilityandtheEDCFacilityincludeafeaturethatwouldcausethematuritydatestospringbackto91dayspriortothematuritydateofcertainmaterialdebtoftheCorporationifsuchdebthasnotbeenrepaidorrefinancedpriortosuchdate.
The revolving credit facilitydoesnot containa financialmaintenance covenantunless theCorporation isdrawnunder therevolvingcredit facility inexcessof$400million. If the facility isdrawn inexcessof$400million, theCorporation is required to maintain a first lien net debt to last twelve months earnings before interest, tax,depreciationandamortizationratioof3.50orless.Thefinancialmaintenancecovenant,iftriggered,willbetestedquarterly.Issuedlettersofcreditarenotincludedinthecalculationoftheratio.
Therevolvingcreditfacility,EDCfacilityandseniorsecuredsecondliennotesaresecuredbysubstantiallyalltheassetsoftheCorporation.
AsatJune30,2020,theCorporationhad$785millionofunutilizedcapacityunderthe$800millionrevolvingcreditfacilityandtheCorporationhad$63millionofunutilizedcapacityunderthe$500millionletterofcreditfacility.Aletterofcreditof$15millionwasissuedundertherevolvingcreditfacilityduringthesixmonthsendedJune30,2020.
9. PROVISIONSANDOTHERLIABILITIES
Asat June30,2020 December31,2019
Leaseliabilities(a) $ 288 $ 281
Decommissioningprovision(b) 67 71
Otherliabilities 11 8
Provisionsandotherliabilities 366 360
Lesscurrentportion (31) (28)
Non-currentportion $ 335 $ 332
a. Leaseliabilities:
Asat June30,2020 December31,2019
Balance,beginningofperiod $ 281 $ 131
IFRS16openingbalancesheetadjustment — 160
Additions 13 13
Modifications 2 (4)
Payments (21) (45)
Interestexpense 13 26
Balance,endofperiod 288 281
Lesscurrentportion (25) (22)
Non-currentportion $ 263 $ 259
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TheCorporation'sminimumleasepaymentsareasfollows:
Asat June30,2020
Withinoneyear $ 50
Laterthanoneyearbutnotlaterthanfiveyears 150
Laterthanfiveyears 513
Minimumleasepayments 713
Amountsrepresentingfinancecharges (425)
Netminimumleasepayments $ 288
TheCorporationhasshort-termleaseswithleasetermsoftwelvemonthsorlessaswellaslow-valueleases.As these lease costs are incurred they are recognized as either general and administrative expense oroperatingexpensedependingontheirnature.AsatJune30,2020,thepresentvalueofthesearrangementsis$3million(December31,2019-$2million),usingtheCorporation'sestimatedincrementalborrowingrate.
b. Decommissioningprovision:
The following table presents the decommissioning provision associated with the reclamation andabandonmentoftheCorporation’sproperty,plantandequipmentandexplorationandevaluationassets:
Asat June30,2020 December31,2019
Balance,beginningofperiod $ 71 $ 65
Changesinestimatedlifeandestimatedfuturecashflows 3 (2)
Changesindiscountrates (9) 2
Liabilitiesincurredanddisposed,net — 1
Liabilitiessettled (2) (2)
Accretion 4 7
Balance,endofperiod 67 71
Lesscurrentportion (6) (6)
Non-currentportion $ 61 $ 65
ThedecommissioningprovisionrepresentsthepresentvalueoftheestimatedfuturecostsforthereclamationandabandonmentoftheCorporation'sproperty,plantandequipmentandexplorationandevaluationassets.Thetotalundiscountedamountoftheestimatedfuturecashflowstosettlethedecommissioningobligationsis$810million(December31,2019–$827million).Duetothesignificantdeclineinglobalcrudeoilpricesandincreased levelsofmarketvolatility, theCorporation’sestimatedweightedaveragecredit-adjusted risk freerate increased 1.5%during the sixmonths ended June 30, 2020. As at June 30, 2020, the Corporation hasestimatedthenetpresentvalueofthedecommissioningobligationsusingaweightedaveragecredit-adjustedrisk-freerateof15.2%(December31,2019–13.7%)andaninflationrateof2.1%(December31,2019-2.1%).Thedecommissioningprovisionisestimatedtobesettledinperiodsuptotheyear2066(December31,2019-periodsuptotheyear2066).
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10. SHARECAPITAL
TheCorporationisauthorizedtoissueanunlimitednumberofcommonshareswithoutnominalorparvalueandanunlimitednumberofpreferredshares.
Changesinissuedcommonsharesareasfollows:
SixmonthsendedJune30,2020
YearendedDecember31,2019
Numberofshares
(thousands) Amount
Numberofshares
(thousands) Amount
Balance,beginningofyear 299,508 $ 5,443 296,841 $ 5,427
Issueduponexerciseofstockoptions 39 — 266 2
IssueduponvestingandreleaseofRSUsandPSUs 3,098 17 2,401 14
Balance,endofperiod 302,645 $ 5,460 299,508 $ 5,443
11. STOCK-BASEDCOMPENSATION
ThreemonthsendedJune30 SixmonthsendedJune30
2020 2019 2020 2019
Cash-settledexpense(recovery)(i) $ 9 $ 5 $ (9)$ (5)
Equity-settledexpense 2 11 7 16
Equitypriceriskmanagementgain(ii) (19) — (20) —
Stock-basedcompensation $ (8)$ 16 $ (22)$ 11
(i) Cash-settled RSUs and PSUs are accounted for as liability instruments and aremeasured at fair value based on themarket valueof theCorporation’s common sharesat eachperiodendand certain estimates includingaperformancemultiplierforPSUs.Fluctuationsinthefairvaluearerecognizedduringtheperiodinwhichtheyoccur.
(ii) RelatestofinancialderivativesenteredintotomanagetheCorporation'sexposuretocash-settledRSUsandPSUsvestingin2021,2022and2023grantedundertheCorporation'sstock-basedcompensationplans.Amountsareunrealizeduntilvestingoftherelatedunitsoccurs.Seenote19(d)forfurtherdetails.
A$9millioncash-settledrecoverywasrecognizedduringthesixmonthsendedJune30,2020duetothedecreaseintheCorporation'sshareprice,andassociateddecreaseinvalueofcash-settledRSUsPSUsandDSUscomparedtoDecember31,2019whichtranslatestoareducedliability(orrecovery)heldbytheCorporationatJune30,2020.AsatJune30,2020,theCorporationrecognizedaliabilityof$12millionrelatingtothefairvalueofcash-settledRSUs, PSUs and DSUs (December 31, 2019 – $25million). The current portion of $5million is includedwithinaccountspayableandaccruedliabilitiesand$7millionisincludedasanon-currentliabilitywithinprovisionsandotherliabilitiesbasedontheexpectedpayoutdatesoftheindividualawards.
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12. REVENUES
ThreemonthsendedJune30 SixmonthsendedJune30
2020 2019 2020 2019
Salesfrom:
Production $ 181 $ 863 $ 650 $ 1,559
Purchasedproduct(i) 118 199 297 402
Petroleumrevenue $ 299 $ 1,062 $ 947 $ 1,961
Royalties — (18) (6) (21)
Petroleumrevenue,netofroyalties $ 299 $ 1,044 $ 941 $ 1,940
Powerrevenue $ 6 $ 14 $ 26 $ 34
Transportationrevenue 2 3 5 6
Otherrevenue $ 8 $ 17 $ 31 $ 40
Totalrevenues $ 307 $ 1,061 $ 972 $ 1,980
(i) Theassociated third-partypurchasesare included in theconsolidatedstatementofearnings (loss)andcomprehensiveincome(loss)underthecaption“Purchasedproduct”.
a. Disaggregationofrevenuefromcontractswithcustomers
TheCorporationrecognizesrevenueupondeliveryofgoodsandservicesinthefollowinggeographicregions:
ThreemonthsendedJune30
2020 2019
PetroleumRevenue PetroleumRevenue
Proprietary Third-party Total Proprietary Third-party Total
Country:
Canada $ 84 $ 3 $ 87 $ 518 $ 25 $ 543
UnitedStates 97 115 212 345 174 519
$ 181 $ 118 $ 299 $ 863 $ 199 $ 1,062
SixmonthsendedJune30
2020 2019
PetroleumRevenue PetroleumRevenue
Proprietary Third-party Total Proprietary Third-party Total
Country:
Canada $ 392 $ 34 $ 426 $ 949 $ 170 $ 1,119
UnitedStates 258 263 521 610 232 842
$ 650 $ 297 $ 947 $ 1,559 $ 402 $ 1,961
Other revenue recognized during the three and sixmonths ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 is attributed toCanada.
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b. Revenue-relatedassets
TheCorporationhasrecognizedthefollowingrevenue-relatedassetsintradereceivablesandother:
Asat June30,2020 December31,2019
Petroleumrevenue $ 168 $ 122
Otherrevenue 1 4
Totalrevenue-relatedassets $ 169 $ 126
Revenue-relatedreceivablesaretypicallysettledwithin30days.AsatJune30,2020andDecember31,2019,therewasnomaterialexpectedcreditlossrequiredagainstrevenue-relatedreceivables.
13. DILUENTANDTRANSPORTATION
ThreemonthsendedJune30 SixmonthsendedJune30
2020 2019 2020 2019
Diluentexpense $ 128 $ 325 $ 428 $ 622
Transportationandstorage 77 96 157 191
Diluentandtransportation $ 205 $ 421 $ 585 $ 813
14. FOREIGNEXCHANGE(GAIN)LOSS,NET
ThreemonthsendedJune30 SixmonthsendedJune30
2020 2019 2020 2019
Unrealizedforeignexchange(gain)losson:
Long-termdebt $ (116)$ (74)$ 162 $ (154)
US$denominatedcashandcashequivalents 2 7 (9) 9
Unrealizednet(gain)lossonforeignexchange (114) (67) 153 (145)
Realized(gain)lossonforeignexchange (2) (2) 1 (3)
Foreignexchange(gain)loss,net $ (116)$ (69)$ 154 $ (148)
C$equivalentof1US$
Beginningofperiod 1.4120 1.3360 1.2965 1.3646
Endofperiod 1.3616 1.3091 1.3616 1.3091
15. NETFINANCEEXPENSE
ThreemonthsendedJune30 SixmonthsendedJune30
2020 2019 2020 2019
Interestexpenseonlong-termdebt $ 60 $ 69 $ 124 $ 141
Interestexpenseonleaseliabilities 7 7 13 13
Interestincome — (2) (2) (3)
Netinterestexpense 67 74 135 151
Accretiononprovisions 2 1 4 4
Unrealizedlossonderivativefinancialliabilities — 1 — —
Netfinanceexpense $ 69 $ 76 $ 139 $ 155
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16. OTHEREXPENSES
ThreemonthsendedJune30 SixmonthsendedJune30
2020 2019 2020 2019
Contractcancellation(i) $ 20 — $ 26 —
Severanceandrestructuring 2 5 4 12
Researchanddevelopment — 2 — 4
Otherexpenses $ 22 $ 7 $ 30 $ 16(i) Costsincurredtomitigaterailsalescontractexposure.
17. SUPPLEMENTALCASHFLOWDISCLOSURES
ThreemonthsendedJune30 SixmonthsendedJune30
2020 2019 2020 2019
Cashprovidedby(usedin):
Tradereceivablesandother $ (7)$ 49 $ 157 $ (184)
Inventories(a) (7) 8 27 (1)
Accountspayableandaccruedliabilities (21) (51) (156) (14)
Interestpayable 53 55 9 (3)
$ 18 $ 61 $ 37 $ (202)
Changesinnon-cashworkingcapitalrelatingto:
Operating $ 48 $ 75 $ 78 $ (145)
Investing (30) (14) (41) (57)
$ 18 $ 61 $ 37 $ (202)
Cashandcashequivalents:(b)
Cash $ 120 $ 138 $ 120 $ 138
Cashequivalents — 261 — 261
$ 120 $ 399 $ 120 $ 399
Cashinterestpaid — $ 5 $ 105 $ 122
a. Excludesanon-cash inventory impairmentof$29millionrecognizedasatMarch31,2020asaresultofthedifferencebetweencostandnetrealizablevalueresultingfromthesignificantdeclineincrudeoilpricesattheendofthefirstquarter.Asinventorysoldinthesubsequentmonth,theimpactwasrecognizedthroughfundsflowfromoperatingactivitiesformatchingpurposes.
b. AsatJune30,2020,$90millionoftheCorporation’stotalcashandcashequivalentsbalancewasheldinU.S.dollars(June30,2019–$328million).TheU.S.dollarcashandcashequivalentsbalancehasbeentranslatedintoCanadiandollarsattheperiodendexchangerateofUS$1=C$1.3616(June30,2019–US$1=C$1.3091).
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Thefollowingtableprovidesareconciliationofassetsandliabilitiestocashflowsarisingfromfinancingactivities:
Financesubleasereceivables
Leaseliabilities
Long-termdebt
BalanceasatDecember31,2019 $ 18 $ 281 $ 3,123
Cashchanges:
Receiptsonleasedassets (1) — —
Paymentsonleasedliabilities — (13) —
Issueof7.125%seniorunsecurednotes — — 1,581
Repaymentandredemptionoflong-termdebt — — (1,723)
Debtredemptionpremiumandrefinancingcosts — — (49)
Non-cashchanges:
Leaseliabilitiessettled (8)
Leaseliabilitiesincurred — 13 —
Leaseliabilitiesmodified — 2 —
Interestexpenseonleaseliabilities — 13 —
Unrealized(gain)lossonforeignexchange — — 162
Amortizationofdeferreddebtdiscountanddebtissuecosts — — 2
BalanceasatJune30,2020 $ 17 $ 288 $ 3,096
(i)Financesubleasereceivables,Leaseliabilities&Long-termdebtallincludetheirrespectivecurrentportion.
18. NETLOSSPERCOMMONSHARE
ThreemonthsendedJune30 SixmonthsendedJune30
2020 2019 2020 2019
Netloss $ (80)$ (64)$ (364)$ (111)Weightedaveragecommonsharesoutstanding
(millions)(a) 303 298 302 297Dilutiveeffectofstockoptions,RSUsandPSUs
(millions)(b) — — — —Weightedaveragecommonsharesoutstanding–
diluted(millions) 303 298 302 297
Netlosspershare,basic $ (0.26)$ (0.21)$ (1.21)$ (0.37)
Netlosspershare,diluted $ (0.26)$ (0.21)$ (1.21)$ (0.37)
a. Weightedaveragecommonsharesoutstanding for thethreemonthsendedJune30,2020 includes571,529PSUsvestedbutnotyetreleased(threemonthsendedJune30,2019-381,014PSUs).
b. ForthethreeandsixmonthsendedJune30,2020, theCorporation incurredanet lossandthereforetherewasnodilutiveeffectofstockoptions,RSUsandPSUs.IftheCorporationhadrecognizednetearningsforthethreeand sixmonthsended June30,2020, thedilutiveeffectof stockoptions,RSUsandPSUswouldhavebeen3.6millionweightedaveragecommonshares(threeandsixmonthsendedJune30,2019-2.8millionand3.1millionweightedaveragecommonshares,respectively).
19. FINANCIALINSTRUMENTSANDRISKMANAGEMENT
The financial instruments recognized on the consolidated balance sheet are comprised of cash and cashequivalents, trade receivables and other, risk management contracts, accounts payable and accrued liabilities,interestpayableandlong-termdebt.
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a. Fairvalues:
The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables and other, riskmanagement contracts,accounts payable and accrued liabilities and interest payable included on the consolidated balance sheetapproximates the fair values of the respective assets and liabilities due to the short-term nature of thoseinstruments.
ThefollowingfairvaluesarebasedonLevel2inputstofairvaluemeasurement:
Asat June30,2020 December31,2019Carryingamount Fairvalue
Carryingamount Fairvalue
Recurringmeasurements:
Financialassets
Riskmanagementcontracts $ 114 $ 114 — —
Financialliabilities
Long-termdebt(Note8) $ 3,126 $ 2,716 $ 3,107 $ 3,160
Riskmanagementcontracts $ 10 $ 10 $ 77 $ 77
Theestimatedfairvalueoflong-termdebtisderivedusingquotedpricesinaninactivemarketfromathird-party independentbroker.ThefairvaluesweredeterminedbasedonestimatesasatJune30,2020andareexpectedtofluctuategiventhevolatilityinthedebtandcommoditypricemarkets.
The fair value of risk management contracts is derived using third-party valuation models which requireassumptions concerning the amount and timing of future cash flows and discount rates. Management'sassumptionsrelyonexternalobservablemarketdataincludingforwardpricesforcommodities,interestrateyieldcurvesandforeignexchangerates.Theobservableinputsmaybeadjustedusingcertainmethods,whichincludeextrapolationtotheendofthetermofthecontract.
b. Riskmanagement:
TheCorporation'sriskmanagementassetsandliabilitiesconsistofWTIandlight-heavydifferentialswaps,andifentered intooptions,pluscondensateswapsandequityswaps.Theuseof the financial riskmanagementcontracts isgovernedbyaRiskManagementCommittee that followsguidelinesand limitsapprovedby theBoardofDirectors.TheCorporationdoesnotusefinancialderivativesforspeculativepurposes.Financialriskmanagementcontractsaremeasuredatfairvalue,withgainsandlossesonre-measurementincludedintheconsolidatedstatementofearningsandcomprehensiveincomeintheperiodinwhichtheyarise.
TheCorporation’sfinancialriskmanagementcontractsaresubjecttomasteragreementsthatcreatealegallyenforceable right to offset, by counterparty, the related financial assets and financial liabilities on theCorporation’sbalancesheetinallcircumstances.
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ThefollowingtableprovidesasummaryoftheCorporation’sunrealizedoffsettingfinancialriskmanagementpositions:
Asat June30,2020 December31,2019
Asset Liability Net Asset Liability Net
Grossamount $ 157 $ (10)$ 147 $ — $ (77)$ (77)
Amountoffset (43) — (43) — — —
Netamount $ 114 $ (10)$ 104 $ — $ (77)$ (77)
Currentportion $ 90 $ (10)$ 80 $ — $ (77)$ (77)
Non-currentportion 24 — 24 — — —
Netamount $ 114 $ (10)$ 104 $ — $ (77)$ (77)
The following table provides a reconciliation of changes in the fair value of the Corporation’s financial riskmanagementassetsandliabilitiesfromJanuary1toJune30:
AsatJune30 2020 2019
Fairvalueofcontracts,beginningofyear $ (77)$ 93
Fairvalueofcontractsrealized 321 72
Changeinfairvalueofcontracts (140) (194)
Fairvalueofcontracts,endofperiod $ 104 $ (29)
c. Commodityriskmanagement:
TheCorporationhadthefollowingfinancialcommodityriskmanagementcontractsrelatingtocrudeoilsalesandcondensatepurchasesoutstandingasatJune30,2020:
AsatJune30,2020Volumes(bbls/d)(i) Term
AveragePrice(US$/bbl)(i)
CrudeOilSalesContracts
WTI(ii)FixedPrice 47,042 Jul1,2020-Dec31,2020 $47.70
WTI:WCS(iii)FixedDifferential 24,500 Jul1,2020-Dec31,2020 $(20.46)
WTI:WCS(USGC)FixedDifferential 1,000 Aug1,2020-Aug31,2020 $(3.95)
EnhancedFixedPricewithSoldPutOption
WTIFixedPrice/SoldPutOptionStrikePrice 20,685 Jul1,2020-Dec31,2020 $59.22/$52.00
CondensatePurchaseContracts
WTI:MontBelvieuFixedDifferential 7,250 Jul1,2020-Dec31,2020 $(7.63)
WTI:MontBelvieuFixedDifferential 10,950 Jan1,2021-Dec31,2021 $(10.37)
WTI:MontBelvieuFixedDifferential 200 Jan1,2022-Dec31,2022 $(11.30)
WTI:MontBelvieuFixed%ofWTI 7,750 Jul1,2020-Dec31,2020 93.1%
(i) Thevolumesandpricesintheabovetablerepresentaveragesforvariouscontractswithdifferingtermsandprices.The average price and percentages for the portfolio may not have the same payment profile as the individualcontractsandareprovidedforindicativepurposes.
(ii) WestTexasIntermediate(“WTI”)crudeoil(iii) WesternCanadianSelect(“WCS”)crudeoilblend
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TheCorporationenteredintothefollowingfinancialcommodityriskmanagementcontractsrelatingtocrudeoilsalesandcondensatepurchasessubsequenttoJune30,2020.Asaresult,thesecontractsarenotreflectedintheCorporation’sConsolidatedFinancialStatements:
SubsequenttoJune30,2020Volumes(bbls/d)(i) Term
AveragePrices(US$/bbl)(i)
CrudeOilSales(Purchase)Contracts
WTIFixedPrice 25,250 Aug1,2020-Aug31,2020 $40.57
WTIFixedPrice 6,370 Oct1,2020-Dec31,2020 $41.45
(i) Thevolumesandpricesintheabovetablesrepresentaveragesforvariouscontractswithdifferingtermsandprices.The average price and percentages for the portfolio may not have the same payment profile as the individualcontractsandareprovidedforindicativepurposes.
Thefollowingtablesummarizesthefinancialcommodityriskmanagementgainsandlosses:
ThreemonthsendedJune30 SixmonthsendedJune30
2020 2019 2020 2019
Realizedloss(gain)oncommodityriskmanagement $ (215)$ 51 $ (321)$ 72
Unrealizedloss(gain)oncommodityriskmanagement 267 (87) (161) 122
Commodityriskmanagement(gain)loss,net $ 52 $ (36)$ (482)$ 194
Thefollowingtablesummarizesthesensitivityoftheearnings(loss)beforeincometaximpactoffluctuatingcommoditypricesontheCorporation’sopenfinancialcommodityriskmanagementpositionsinplaceasatJune30,2020:
Commodity SensitivityRange Increase Decrease
Crudeoilcommodityprice ±US$5.00perbblappliedtoWTIcontracts $ (63)$ 60
Crudeoildifferentialprice(i) ±US$5.00perbblappliedtoWTI:WCSdifferentialcontracts $ 31 $ (31)
(i) AstheWCSdifferentialisexpressedasadiscounttoWTI,anincreaseinthedifferentialresultsinalowerWCSpriceandadecreaseinthedifferentialresultsinahigherWCSprice.
d. Equitypriceriskmanagement:
TheCorporationentersintofinancialequitypriceriskmanagementcontractstoincreasethepredictabilityoftheCorporation'scashflowbymanagingsharepricevolatility.EquitypriceriskistheriskthatchangesintheCorporation’s own share price impact earnings and cash flows. Earnings and funds flow from operatingactivitiesare impactedwhenoutstandingcash-settledRSUsandPSUs, issuedundertheCorporation'sstock-based compensation plans, are revalued each period based on the Corporation’s share price. Net cashprovided by (used in) operating activities is impacted when these stock-based compensation units areultimately settled.TheCorporationenters into theseequityprice riskmanagementcontracts tomanage itsexposureonapproximately9millioncash-settledRSUsandPSUsvestingbetween2021and2023.
e. Creditriskmanagement:
Credit riskarises fromthepotential thattheCorporationmay incura loss ifacounterparty fails tomeet itsobligationsinaccordancewithagreedterms.TheCorporationappliesthesimplifiedapproachtoprovidingforexpectedcreditlossesprescribedbyIFRS9,whichpermitstheuseofthelifetimeexpectedlossprovisionforall trade receivables. The Corporation uses a combination of historical and forward looking information todetermine the appropriate loss allowance provisions. Credit risk exposure is mitigated through the use ofcredit policies governing the Corporation’s credit portfolio andwith credit practices that limit transactions
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according to each counterparty's credit quality. A substantial portion of accounts receivable are withinvestment grade customers in the energy industry and are subject to normal industry credit risk. TheCorporation has experienced no material loss in relation to trade receivables. As at June 30, 2020, theCorporation’sestimatedmaximumexposuretocreditriskrelatedtotradereceivables,depositsandadvanceswas $228 million. All amounts receivable from commodity risk management activities are due from largeCanadian banks with strong investment grade credit ratings. Counterparty default risk associatedwith theCorporation’scommodityriskmanagementactivitiesisalsopartiallymitigatedthroughcreditexposurelimits,frequentassessmentofcounterpartycredit ratingsandnettingarrangements,asoutlined innote24of theCorporation’s2019annualconsolidatedfinancialstatements.
TheCorporation’scashbalancesareusedtofundthedevelopmentofitsproperties.Asaresult,theprimaryobjectivesof the investmentportfolioare lowriskcapitalpreservationandhigh liquidity.Thecashbalancesareheldinhighinterestsavingsaccountsorareinvestedinhighgrade,liquid,short-terminstrumentssuchasbankers’acceptances, commercialpaper,moneymarketdepositsor similar instruments.Thecashandcashequivalentsbalanceat June30,2020was$120million.Noneof the investmentsarepast theirmaturityorconsidered impaired. TheCorporation’s estimatedmaximumexposure to credit risk related to its cash andcashequivalentsis$120million.
f. Liquidityriskmanagement:
Liquidity risk is the risk that theCorporationwill notbeable tomeet all of its financial obligations as theybecome due. Liquidity risk also includes the risk that the Corporation cannot generate sufficient cash flowfromtheChristinaLakeProjector isunabletoraisefurthercapital inordertomeet itsobligationsunder itsdebt agreements. The lenders are entitled to exercise any and all remedies available under the debtagreements. The Corporationmanages its liquidity risk through the activemanagement of cash, debt andrevolvingcreditfacilitiesandbymaintainingappropriateaccesstocredit.
Management believes its current capital resources and its ability tomanage cash flow andworking capitallevelswillallowtheCorporationtomeetitscurrentandfutureobligations,tomakescheduledprincipalandinterest payments, and to fund the other needs of the business for at least the next 12months.Meetingcurrent and future obligations through the uncertainty associated with COVID–19 is supported by theCorporation'sfinancialframeworkincludingastrongcommodityriskmanagementprogramsecuringcashflowthrough 2020 and credit risk management policies minimizing exposure related to customer receivablesprimarilytoinvestmentgradecustomersintheenergyindustry.However,noassurancecanbegiventhatthiswillbethecaseorthatfuturesourcesofcapitalwillnotbenecessary.
TheCorporation'searliestmaturing long-termdebt isapproximately fouryearsout, representedbyUS$600million of senior unsecured notes dueMarch 2024. None of the Corporation’s outstanding long-term debtcontainfinancialmaintenancecovenants.Additionally,theCorporation'smodifiedcovenant-lite$800millionrevolvingcreditfacilityhasnofinancialmaintenancecovenantunlessdrawninexcessof$400million.Ifdrawninexcessof$400million,theCorporationisrequiredtomaintainaquarterlyfirstliennetleverageratio(firstliennetdebttolasttwelve-monthEBITDA)of3.5orless.UndertheCorporation'screditfacility,firstliennetdebtiscalculatedasdebtunderthecreditfacilityplusotherdebtthatissecuredonaparipassubasiswiththecreditfacility,lesscashonhand.
20. CAPITALMANAGEMENT
TheCorporation'scapitalconsistsofcashandcashequivalents,debtandshareholders'equity.TheCorporation'sobjective formanaging capital is toprioritizebalance sheet strengthwhilemaintaining flexibility to repaydebt,fund sustaining capital, return capital to shareholders or fund future production growth. In the current priceenvironment,managementbelievesitscurrentcapitalresourcesanditsabilitytomanagecashflowandworkingcapitallevelswillallowtheCorporationtomeetitscurrentandfutureobligations,tomakescheduledprincipalandinterestpayments,andtofundtheotherneedsofthebusinessforatleastthenext12months.DebtrepaymentandsustainingcapitalexpenditureactivitiesareanticipatedtobefundedbytheCorporation'sadjustedfundsflow,cashonhandand/orotheravailableliquidity.
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On January 31, 2020, the Corporation closed the refinancing and extension of thematurity profile of its debtportfolio. Followingcompletionoftheassociatedtransactions,MEG'sfirstdebtmaturitywasextendedto2024.AsatJune30,2020,theCorporationhad$785millionofunutilizedcapacityunderthe$800millionrevolvingcreditfacilityandhad$63millionofunutilizedcapacityunderthe$500millionletterofcreditfacility.Aletterofcreditof$15millionwasissuedunderitsrevolvingcreditfacilityduringthesixmonthsendedJune30,2020.
ThefollowingtablesummarizestheCorporation'snetdebt:
Asat Note June30,2020 December31,2019
Long-termdebt 8 $ 3,096 $ 3,123
Cashandcashequivalents (120) (206)
Netdebt $ 2,976 $ 2,917
Netdebtisanimportantmeasureusedbymanagementtoanalyzeleverageandliquidity.DuringthesixmonthsendedJune30,2020,netdebtincreasedby$59millionduetotheweakeningoftheCanadiandollarrelativetotheUSdollaranddecreaseincashandcashequivalentsovertheperiod,partiallyoffsetbytheredemptionofits6.5%seniorsecuredsecondliennotes.
On January 31, 2020 the Corporation successfully closed a private offering of $1.6 billion (US$1.2 billion) inaggregateprincipalamountof7.125%seniorunsecurednotesdueFebruary2027.OnFebruary18,2020,thenetproceedsoftheoffering,togetherwithcashonhand,wereusedto:
• Fully redeem $1 billion (US$800million) of the 6.375% senior unsecured notes due January 2023 at aredemptionpriceof101.063%;
• Partially redeem$530million (US$400million)of theUS$1.0billion7.00%seniorunsecurednotesdueMarch2024ataredemptionpriceof102.333%;and
• Payfeesandexpensesrelatedtotheoffering.
Concurrent with the private offering, on February 18, 2020, the Corporation redeemed $132 million (US$100million) in aggregate principal amount of its 6.5% senior secured second lien notes due January 2025 at aredemption price of 104.875%. Cash on hand was used to fund this senior secured second lien notes partialredemption.
ThefollowingtablesummarizestheCorporation'sfundsflowfrom(usedin)operationsandadjustedfundsflow:
ThreemonthsendedJune30 SixmonthsendedJune30
Note 2020 2019 2020 2019
Netcashprovidedby(usedin)operatingactivities $ 117 $ 302 $ 216 $ 233
Netchangeinnon-cashoperatingworkingcapitalitems (48) (75) (78) 145
Fundsflowfrom(usedin)operations 69 227 138 378
Adjustments:
Contractcancellation(i) 16 20 — 26 —
Decommissioningexpenditures 9 — — 2 —
Adjustedfundsflow $ 89 $ 227 $ 166 $ 378
(i) Costs incurred to mitigate rail sales contract exposure. Contract cancellation costs or recoveries are excluded fromadjustedfundsflowastheyarenotconsideredpartofordinarycontinuingoperatingresults.
Management utilizes funds flow from (used in) operations and adjusted funds flow as a measure to analyzeoperatingperformanceandcashflowgeneratingability.Fundsflowfrom(usedin)operationsandadjustedfundsflow impacts the level and extent of debt repayment, funding for capital expenditures and returning capital toshareholders. By excluding changes in non-cash working capital, non-recurring items and decommissioning
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expendituresfromcashflows,thefundsflowfrom(usedin)operationsandadjustedfundsflowmeasuresprovidemeaningfulmetrics formanagement by establishing a clear link between the Corporation's cash flows and theoperatingnetbacksfromtheChristinaLakeProject.Fundsflowfrom(usedin)operationsandadjustedfundsflowarenotintendedtorepresentnetcashprovidedby(usedin)operatingactivities.
Netdebt,fundsflowfrom(usedin)operationsandadjustedfundsflowarenotstandardizedmeasuresandmaynotbecomparablewiththecalculationofsimilarmeasuresbyothercompanies.
21. COMMITMENTSANDCONTINGENCIES
a. Commitments
The Corporation’s commitments are enforceable and legally binding obligations to make payments in thefutureforgoodsandservices.Theseitemsexcludeamountsrecordedontheconsolidatedbalancesheet.TheCorporationhadthefollowingcommitmentsasatJune30,2020:
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Thereafter Total
Transportationandstorage(i) $ 215 $ 436 $ 425 $ 467 $ 452 $ 6,046 $ 8,041
Diluentpurchases 70 22 22 18 — — 132
Otheroperatingcommitments 8 15 14 13 11 45 106
Variableofficeleasecosts 2 4 4 4 5 30 49
Capitalcommitments 1 — — — — — 1
Commitments $ 296 $ 477 $ 465 $ 502 $ 468 $ 6,121 $ 8,329
(i) Thisrepresentstransportationandstoragecommitmentsfrom2020to2048,includingtheAccessPipelineTSA,andpipelinecommitmentswhichareawaiting regulatoryapprovalandarenotyet in service.Excludes finance leasesrecognizedontheconsolidatedbalancesheet(Note9(a)).
b. Contingencies
The Corporation is involved in various legal claims associated with the normal course of operations. TheCorporationbelievesthatanyliabilitiesthatmayarisepertainingtosuchmatterswouldnothaveamaterialimpactonitsfinancialposition.
TheCorporation is thedefendanttoastatementofclaimoriginally filed in2014 inrelationto legacy issuesinvolving aunit train transloading facility inAlberta. The claimwas amended in the fourthquarterof 2017assertingasignificantincreasetodamagesclaimed.TheCorporationfiledastatementofdefenseinthefirstquarterof2018.TheCorporationcontinuestoviewthisclaimaswithoutmeritandwillcontinuetodefendagainst all such claims. The Corporation believes that any liabilities that might arise from this matter areunlikelytohaveamaterialeffectonitsfinancialposition.
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