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the presentation is helpful for the students who would like to know how to write a report
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What is a report? A report is a major form of
communication.
Where is it used? It is used in Govt. private and in
industry as well as in science, medicine and engineering.
What does a report do? A report facilitates decision making.
Formal Communication written for a specific purpose, conveying authentic information to a well defined audience in a completely impartial and objective manner
Used for the study of existing procedures & practices
Acts as instrument for nurturing the health of the Organization
Meets a Demand or Fulfills a Requirement
Terms of Reference: Spells out the purpose and scope of the report
Audience Determination : Shows Proper Direction
Collection of Data : Documents, Books, Journals,Questionnaires,
Interviews etc … Preparation of outline Rough Draft Final Draft
Cover Page Title Page Acknowledgements Table of Contents Abstract & Summary Introduction Discussion or Description
A REPORTON
XXXXXXXXXXXXXPREPARED FOR
NAME & DESIGNATIONBY
NAME & DESIGNATIONAPPROVED BYNAMEDESIGNATION
NAME OF THE ORGANIZATIONPLACEDATE
We thank…We are grateful to …We are indebted to …We are deeply indebted to…We must express our gratitude…We owe a great deal to…We are deeply grateful to …We are highly obliged to…We are particularly grateful to …We wish to record our appreciation …
Helps the reader locate specific material in the report.
Description Page No.
Acknowledgements I
Abstract ii
1. Introduction 1
2. Acoustics 3
3. System Concept 8
3.1 Sensitivity 8
3.2 Signal Processing 15
Abstract: * Clear, Concise condensation of the
Purpose and the most important results of the Project
* States what the report is all about, What has been accomplished and the Significance of the Achievement.
* It does not include Tables, Figures and Equations.
SummaryIt is the Entire Report in a Nutshell 1. Beginning- states why the project is
carried out and why the report is written 2. Middle – highlights the most important
features of the report 3. Ending – Gives Conclusions and
Recommendations.
• Prepares the reader for the Content of the Report
• Good starting point for the one who is not familiar with the subject.
• States the subject & purpose of the Project• Gives historical/technical background• Describes the Basic procedures followed for
Data Collection• Defines Scope –pointing out the Limitations or
Qualifications of the Project• Indicates the Value/ Importance of the Project
It describes the Main Business of the Report
It contains the Data in an organized form
Arrives at - Results and Certain Inferences
Evaluation Formulation of Conclusions
• Conclusion gives a sense of finality and completeness to the discussion/description
1. Aesthetic Conclusion: Merely brings the discussion smoothly to a close (psychological assurance of having come to the End.
2. Real Conclusion: Contains Finding& Results of an investigation arrived at from the discussion .
All conclusions are logically arrived at from what has gone before
Must be correlated with what we promise to do in the Introduction
No new material should be added at this stage
They are of great value – so check carefully before submitting the report
Given ONLY when Required Time will authorize to make
recommendations They are clearly derived from the
Conclusions They indicate future action/ application
of material/need for further investigation/proposed programme etc.
They become BASIS for Decision making
Useful element of the Report. It contains material that needs to be
included in the Report(but not as integral part of the main presentation)
It relieves the main body form being Voluminous
• Derivations• Equations• Detailed calculations• Data sheets• Questionnaires• List of questions• Samples of forms• Tables & Figures• Detailed description of equipment/procedureWhich do not conveniently fit into the body of
the Report
Robins, R.H, 1971, General Linguistics: An Introductory survey, II Edition, London: Longman group Ltd.
E.g. Thus we see that ‘language in all its forms and manifestation constitutes the field of the linguist’(Robins 1972:2)
List of Resources consultedBook: Author,Year,Title,Place of
Publication:PressEssay/Paper/Article: Author.Title.Year.
Place of Publication. Publisher
List of Technical words/terms used in a special sense
Meaning must be given in the footnotes (if the no. of such words is small)
Only given in voluminous reports Entries are arranged in Alphabetical
Order Page numbers are mentioned against
each entry
If language is not correct, then what is said is not what is meant. If what is said is not what is meant, then what ought to be done remains undone.
-- Kong Fu Zi/Confucius